Search

Magnetic resonance images and the histology of spheno-occipital synchondrosis were examined in young monkeys in order to compare the magnetic resonance images with their histologic observations. In serial magnetics resonance images of posterior cranial base, the spheno-occipital synchondrosis showed a low signal zone with unclear boundaries, running through the posterior cranial base perpendicularly to the clivus. The zone was always interposed between nonsignal zones. These observations were the same as those in young juvenile human beings. The histologic sections also revealed that the low signal zone was really the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, which consisted of hyaline cartilage and that the nonsignal zones were bone tissues. The chondroblasts in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis were arranged bipolarly. Intense alkaline phosphatase activity was located in the areas along the bone. Tetracycline labeling was also noticed in the bone formed in the endochondral ossification. These results suggest that magnetic resonance imaging enables us to observe the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in the posterior cranial base and also to elucidate its influences on the growth of maxilla and mandible in the future. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;115:138-42)

Since 1994 clinical trials have been performed successfully with carbon beam. To improve the clinical result further, new irradiation systems are under development such as a 3D-irradiation system and a verification system of range with positron emitter. There are also improvements on the accelerator performances. One is the wide range of ion species; the others are concerned with the machine devices and new beam monitors to get good machine operation. In this report we present current status of HIMAC.

A beamline tuning system based on automatic procedure for steering a beam with observing the beam position has been under development for the transport of high energy beams at HIMAC. A daily beamline tuning for radiotherapy and for most biological experiments is carried out to precisely transport the beam to beam delivery devices. This system replays the daily procedure automatically. A beam is steered using steering magnets in accordance with the deviation of beam positions from intended beam positions. How much the beam positions shift due to adjusting a steering magnet is determined by the beam optics design. Therefore, if correlation between deflection angles at the steering magnets and variations in the beam position measured by wire-grids are known, the deflection angles can be calculated by solving linear simultaneous equations. The correlation was measured and compared with those calculated. Most of them are in good agreement. At present, the beamline tuning for delivering beams to the biological experiment room is finished in about 10 minutes automatically.

A multi-orbit synchrotron (MOS) with fixed field alternating gradient (FFAG) focusing is attractive for acceleration of high intensity hadron beams because acceleration cycle could be increased. The magnetic field of MOS is static, therefore, the repetition rate of acceleration could be increased more than 10 times larger than that of ordinary rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) if an efficient high voltage RF accelerating system becomes available. Recently, a new type of high gradient RF cavity (HGC) using high permeability magnetic alloy (MA) has been developed and MOS with FFAG focusing becomes very promising. In order to clarify the feasibility of rapid cycling MOS (RCMOS) experimentally, proof-of-principle (POP) machine, which accelerates protons up to 1 MeV with 1 kHz repetition, is under development. We have also made several designs on high intensity proton accelerators with RCMOS for various applications such as an accelerator driven system (ADS) as an energy breeder, a spallation neutron source and a proton driver for a muon collider.

A total of 36,780,440 overseas travellers during 1979-1995 (17 years) were quarantined at Osaka and Kansai Airport Quarantine Station, 84,777 travellers reported themselves suffer from diarrhoea. Stools from 29,587 persons were bacteriologically examined. Various enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 9,766 (33.0%) patients of the stools examined. Isolated species were as follows: Plesiomonas shigelloides (3,234 cases); Salmonella spp. (2,236 cases); enterotoxgenic Escherichia coli (1,621 cases); Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1,959 cases); and Shigella spp. (1,242 cases). 1,278 different Shigella strains were isolated from 1,242 cases who were thus diagnosed as bacillary dysentery patients. The suspected regions or countries for infection of these cases were analysed. The serovars and antibiotic-sensitivities of the isolated strains were examined. Colicine typing of S. sonnei strains were also done. The results can be summarized as follows. 1) The most cases (53.4%) were infected in India. 2) The percentage distribution of sub-species of the strains was as follows; S. sonnei (57.8%), S flexneri (29.8%), S. boydii (8.4%), and S. dysenteriae (4.0%), respectively. 3) The major colicine type of S. sonnei strains were type 6 and 0. 4) The percentage of Antibiotic-resistant strains of each sub-species was S. dysenteriae (92.2%), S. sonnei (89.4%), S. flexneri (87.1%), and S. boydii (84.9%), respectively. The percentage of Antibiotic-resistant strains of S. flexneri were increased annually.

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated on chemically modified SiO2 dielectric layers. Changes in the mobility of the OFETs upon exposure to humidity were measured. The chemically modified dielectric layers change the OFETs' sensitivity to humidity. There is a good correlation between the sensitivity to humidity and the surface free energy of the dielectric layers. Our data suggest that surfaces with low surface free energy have low humidity adsorption probability; therefore, the corresponding OFETs also display low sensitivity to humidity. Our findings indicate that the sensitivity of OFET-based gas sensors can be tuned by using chemically modified dielectric layers.

LHCf is planning to measure very forward particle emission in the LHC p-Pb collisions foreseen at the end of 2012. The measurement is expected to constrain the nuclear effect in the forward particle emission relevant to the CR-Air interaction. Model discrimination power of this measurement is presented together with some detail in technical feasibility.

Photodissociation of fluorescein monoanions was studied by using an electrostatic storage ring. The ions are stored in an ion trap and the storage ring before laser irradiation. Photodissociation neutral spectra of the relaxed ions as a function of time consist of components with short and long lifetimes. By comparing their wavelength spectra with those in the liquid phase, it is concluded that the spectra originate from different tautomers of fluorescein monoanions. Moreover, via storage in the storage ring, one of them disappears due to interconversion.

The most recent experimental information on electron string phenomenon, such as two step transition to electron string state, stability of e-strings in condition of electron energy recuperation, are described. The new technology developments of electron string ion sources (ESIS) include pulse injection of gaseous species in e-string and its efficient conversion to ion beams, slow ion extraction, ion-ion cooling of heavy ions with CH(4) coolant, and a progress in the construction of the new Joint Institute for Nuclear Research ESIS with 6 T solenoid are briefly considered.

We analysed 467 isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus for possession of tdh/trh gene in comparison with urease production and serotypes. Strains possessing tdh+/trh-, tdh+/trh+, tdh-/trh-, and tdh-/trh- show positive urease production 2.1, 100, 65.7, 100%, respectively. Serotypes of O1:K69, O3:K6, O3:K72, O6:K18, O6:K46 and O1:KUT were frequently positive (100% except 91.7% of the latest one) in urease production. All isolates of O3:K6 prossessed trh, whereas all isolates of certain serotypes including O1:K69 and O3:K72 possessed both trh and trh and tdh genes. Among these, most of O1:K69 and O3:K72 were urease producer. From these results, we speculate that urease production is closely related to the presence of the trh gene or/and lesser production of TDH. We also found the new combination of serovar, O3:K25, O4:K37 and O13:K72 in Kanagawa phenomenon-positive strains.

Osteoclasts which appeared in an early stage of parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration were examined using cytochrome c oxidase activity. In the period of 1-2 hr after intraperitoneal administration of PTH, two types of osteoclasts were observed. The first type had a well-developed ruffled border characterized by deeply infolded extracellular channels, and many endocytic vacuoles were observed, as seen in control osteoclasts. Many of the mitochondria contained in the first type were with the reaction products of the enzyme on the crystal membrane and within the intermembrane space (type 1 mitochondria), and the distribution of type 1 mitochondria was similar to that seen in control osteoclasts. The second type had a ruffled border characterized by unclear extracellular channels and cytoplasmic projections. The numerical percentage of type 1 mitochondria in the second type of osteoclasts (45.3%) was significantly smaller than that in the first type (79.9%). Mitochondria which had the reaction products of the enzyme only on the crystal membrane including those with no reaction product (type 2 mitochondria) were predominant in the second type of osteoclasts. These results include two possible ways in which a morphologically regressive change of the ruffled border can occur in osteoclasts during an early stage of PTH treatment, and cytochrome c oxidase activity is closely associated with the change in the ruffled border.

We report the first observational search for tau neutrinos from gamma ray bursts (GRBs) using one of the Ashra light collectors. The earth-skimming tau-neutrino technique of imaging Cherenkov tau showers was applied as a detection method. We set stringent upper limits on the tau-neutrino fluence in PeV-EeV region for 3780 s (between 2.83 and 1.78 hours before) and another 3780 s (between 21.2 and 22.2 hours after) surrounding GRB081203A triggered by the Swift satellite. This first search for PeV-EeV tau neutrino complements other experiments in energy range and methodology, and suggests the prologue of "multi-particle astronomy" with a precise determination of time and location., 13 pages, 4 figures

A gain reduction process caused by successive beam irradiation in a multi-wire proportional chamber was numerically investigated to clarify the relations between the gas gain variation and the ion density distribution. A numerical code was developed based on a two-dimensional drift-diffusion model in order to evaluate the ion and electron density distributions and the electric field variation caused by the space charge effect. In order to consider the gain reduction process which occurs under the high rate and successive irradiation, the simulations were performed for the time period of about 10-100 maicro-sec, which is much longer than the time required for ions to travel from an anode to a cathode. The numerical simulation results showed that for the low gas gain regime of about;10, quasi-stationary density distribution of the ions was formed by the high-rate beams of about 1E+8-1E+10 particles per second, and that the transient variation of the gas gain became constant after establishment of the quasi-stationary ion density distributions.

Calcitonin-treated osteoclasts with mitochondrial variations, including large mitochondria, and osteoclasts not treated with calcitonin (control osteoclasts) were examined using cytochrome c oxidase activity and morphological analysis of mitochondria. The calcitonin-treated osteoclasts were divided into two types. One was osteoclasts with only a clear zone, which contained many type 1 mitochondria with the reaction products of cytochrome c oxidase in both the inner membrane of the cristae and the outer compartment in the vascular side and a comparatively small number of type 1 mitochondria in the resorptive side. The other type was osteoclasts with a mature ruffled border, in which many type 1 mitochondria were observed in both sides. Most of the large mitochondria were type 1, and these were observed only in the vascular side of the osteoclasts with only a clear zone, and in both sides of the osteoclasts with a mature ruffled border. In statistical analysis, the cross-sectional area of mitochondria in the vascular side of calcitonin-treated osteoclasts was larger than that of those in the resorptive side, and the numerical percentage of type 1 mitochondria in the vascular side was greater than that in the resorptive side. In contrast, the cross-sectional area of mitochondria in the vascular side of control osteoclasts was smaller than that in the resorptive side, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the numerical percentage of type 1 mitochondria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

For multi-color organic electroluminescent (EL) devices, new triphenylamine compounds attached to a spirocyclic framework were prepared from 2,7-bis(diphenylamino)-9-fluorenone. These amines showed exceedingly high Tg’s or thermal stability as well as good electrochemical properties and sufficient EL characteristics, allowing practical application.

Electron-ion collisions have been studied for protonated and sodiated single-strand dinucleotide monocations with various base compositions and sequences by using an electrostatic storage ring equipped with a merged-electron-beam device. The plots of neutral-particle production rates against collision energy show typical electron-capture-dissociation profiles, which are characterized by an increase in the production rate at energies close to zero and a bump at high energies. The height of the resonant bumps varies with the number of Na+ ions as well as the base composition and sequence; in most cases, the height increases with the number of Na+ ions. Molecular mechanics and semiempirical quantum-chemical calculations suggest that the rate is correlated with various base-base interactions.

The thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) activity described by Novikoff and Goldfisher was examined in osteoclasts affected by calcitonin in order to elucidate whether the morphological and functional changes of the osteoclasts have an influence over the secretion function of their Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus of osteoclasts of which the ruffled border had disappeared and bone resorption discontinued as the result of treatment with calcitonin showed a slight TPPase activity. The reaction products of the enzyme in these inactive osteoclasts were distinctly fewer than that of control osteoclasts, which were not affected by calcitonin. From these results, it is suggested that there may be a connection between the morphological and functional changes of osteoclasts and the secretion function of the Golgi apparatus.

The localization of alkaline phosphatase (Alpase) activity in the osteoclasts was examined cytochemically. Alpase activity was located in the basolateral membrane in mature osteoclasts having ruffled borders and clear zones, and also in the basolateral membrane in the osteoclasts lacking a ruffled border or a clear zone on the bone surface. But in the preosteoclasts situated away from the bone surface the enzyme activity was noted in the whole plasma membrane. These results suggest that the localization of Alpase activity may be altered in relation to the changes in morphology associated with the functional activity of the osteoclasts.

Cytochrome c oxidase activity was detected in preosteoclasts induced by experimental tooth movement. Mitochondria with reaction products of the enzyme in the inner membrane and outer compartment, which we classified as type 1 mitochondria, were observed in preosteoclasts. The number of type 1 mitochondria in the preosteoclasts, however, was distinctly fewer as compared with those in active osteoclasts described in our previous studies. Also, some of preosteoclasts adjacent to the bone surface contained more type 1 mitochondria than preosteoclasts separated from the bone surface. These results suggest that cytochrome c oxidase activity is closely related to functional differentiation of preosteoclasts, and additionally can be used as an indicator of functional differentiation from preosteoclast to osteoclast.

We have investigated band gap states in tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum on fabricated indium tin oxide∕Alq3∕LiF∕Al devices by using a deep-level optical spectroscopy (DLOS) technique. DLOS measurements after double-carrier injection into the Alq3 layer revealed a discrete trap level located at ∼1.39eV below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital band. The pronounced 1.39eV level is attributable to an intrinsic nature of Alq3 and can be active as an efficient generation-recombination center that may impact the photophysical properties. Additionally, the effective band gap of the Alq3 layer became narrow from 3.05to2.80eV with increasing double-carrier injection rate.

A novel trispirocyclic hydrocarbon having three 9-fluorene moieties around the core of truxene (5) was prepared readily via coupling of truxenone with 2-bromobiphenyl; 5 was a high melting (>500 °C) solid. For the application of 5 to an effective hole transport material (HTM) in the OLED, a triphenylamine derivative carrying six diphenylamino groups at the 2- and 7-positions of each 9-fluorene moiety (6) was designed in order to get high thermal stability as an improved material of the TPD type HTM. The synthesis of 6 was easily achieved using 4,4′-bis(diphenylamino)-2-bromobiphenyl (9). The trispirocyclic 6 was found to show a glass transition temperature as high as 170 °C. It effects the formation of its stable cation radical upon electrooxidation in solution, and amorphous thin films in solid. A multi-layered EL device for 6 as an HTM using Alq3 as an electron transporting emitter showed good EL characteristics such as the maximum luminance of 37 000 cd m−2 at 14 V. Thus, the hexakis(diphenylamino)substituted trispirocycle 6 (TX-F6S) can be used as an efficient and thermally stable HTM in OLEDs.

We propose an amplitude modulation wobbler-scatterer system, a so-called spiral-wobbler system, to produce a large irradiation field in a relatively short irradiation port for heavy-ion radiation therapy. The wobbler parameters, such as the wobbler-radius-modulation function, the wobbler radial frequency and the rotational frequency, are optimized and the uniformity of the irradiation field is estimated as the function of irradiation time. By using a wobbler radial frequency of 23 Hz, and a wobbler rotational frequency of 59 Hz, an irradiation field with a uniformity of ±3% can be obtained for an irradiation duration of 1 s. The spiral-wobbler system is applicable to respiration-gated irradiation.

Electron–biomolecular ion collisions were studied using an electrostatic storage ring with a merging beam technique for singly protonated peptides and multiply deprotonated DNA ions. The neutral-particle production rates according to collisions were measured. For peptides, resonant neutral-particle emissions were observed at a relative energy of 6.5 eV with a shoulder at around 9 eV. These resonances are deduced to come from electron capture and a subsequent cleavage of peptide bonds. For DNAs, neutral-particle emissions start from definite threshold energies, which depend on the ion charges. The neutrals come from a break of DNAs, rather than electron detachment.

The application of an electrostatic ring for storage of ions with energies of several tens of keV is attractive for atomic and molecular science. The main goal of the KEK electrostatic ring is the storage of bio-molecular ions with atomic numbers of A ≈ 1000–10,000. An electron-beam cooler/target was installed in the KEK electrostatic ring for electron cooling and studying of electron-ion collisions. In accordance with simulations application of an electron cooler permits one to suppress multiple scattering of the stored ions with the residual gas atoms and thereby to increase the ion lifetime several times.

A scheme for spot scanning using11C beams has been developed in order to form and verify a three-dimensionally conformal irradiation field for cancer radiotherapy. By selecting the momentum spread of a11C beam, we could considerably decrease the distal falloff of the irradiation field, thus conserving the beam quality. To estimate and optimize the dose distribution in the irradiation field, it is essential to evaluate the precise dose distribution of spot beams. The coupling of the lateral dose and depth-dose distributions originating from a wide momentum spread should be taken into account to calculate the dose distribution of11C beams. The reconstructed dose distribution of the irradiation field was in good agreement with the experimental results, i.e., within ±0.2%. An irradiation field of 35×35×43 mm3was optimized and spot scanning using11C beams was carried out. The flatness was within ±2.3% with an error of 1% in the detector resolution.

The dissociative recombinations of , , and were studied with an extremely low-temperature electron beam of the order of 1 meV produced by a superconducting electron cooler at the storage ring TARN II. The dissociative recombination spectra show a fine new structure and a clear isotope dependence in the low-energy region. Those features are well reproduced by the theoretical calculations based on a multichannel quantum-defect theory including rotational motion and discretized dissociative states. According to the theory, the newly observed structure is evidence for a new indirect mechanism where the intermediate states are not vibrationally excited Rydberg states but virtual dissociative states.

For medical irradiation, beams with a uniform distribution have been required. We have proposed a method to control the beam profile using an octupole magnet. We have installed an octupole magnet and confirmed its effectiveness at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) beam-transport line. A beam efficiency of 91% can be realized with a flatness of ±4% over the range of ±15 mm. The beam offset at the position of the octupole magnet is required to be within ±0.2 mm to realize this condition. This method is expected to have a beam efficiency higher than that of the ordinary method using wobbler magnets and a scatterer system.

The authors have fabricated organic electroluminescent (EL) diodes with a microcavity structure designed to have a resonance wavelength of 500 nm, by using a metal reflector and various dielectric reflectors. The emission intensity (spectral power density) is enhanced by a factor of 5 compared to that of an EL diode without a cavity, and narrow spectral width of 8 nm was achieved in blue green emission.

Deformation of inhomogeneous materials such as polycrystals is usually quite complex. The present study attempts to clarify some aspects of deformation behavior during elastic-plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials. A simple plane model of polycrystals was employed, in which three kinds of rectangular and octagonal grains having respective stress-strain relations were assumed to exist regularly. The differences in Young's modulus, yield stress and work-hardening rate were expressed with the parameters of inhomogeneity. The finite element method was used for the numerical calculaion, where the von Mises yield criterion and the Prandtl-Reuss stress-strain increment relation were assumed. The applied load was uniaxial tension. The rotation of grain resulting from the inhomogeneous deformation of surrounding grains and the roughening of free surface were mainly studied, and discussion was made on the influences of the material constants on the rotation and the roughening.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the just readable threshold of Chinese characters of different styles as a function of the adaptation luminance. The test objects are 44 Chinese characters comprising from 2 to 19 elements from among those most frequently appearing in news papers and the styles of which are Gothic, Ming, semi-cursive and pen-written square, in daily use. The observers are of all normal vision, and the just readable threshold coressponding to 50% threshold is used. Results obtained are as follows.(1) The relation between the just readable threshold by style and adaptation luminance are approximated by following formulas:Gothic style: θ=(3.514(0.3394+L1/4)4/L (minutes)Ming style: θ=(3.590(0.3485+L1/4)4/L (minutes)Semi-cursive style: θ=(3.721(0.3528+L1/4)4/L (minutes)Pen-written style: θ=(3.815(0.3978+L1/4)4/L (minutes)where θ is the visual angle (minutes) of the character’s height at the just readable threshold, and L is the adaptation luminance (cd/m2).(2) Comparison between above formulas and approximate curve of minimum angle of resolution of the break width of the Landolt ring shows that the line width of the Gothic styles at the threshold are considerable lower than those estimated from the visual acuity. The heights of the characters measured in terms of visual angle at the threshold are 9.2 times as large for Gothic, 9.5 times for Ming, 10 times for semi-cursive and 11 times for pen-written square as that of break width of Landolt rings.(3) To recognize a Chinese character, first of all it must be of a certain size, and the line composing the character must be a certain width in order to distinguish the details, from the correspondence with the approximate curve of visual acuity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the visual acuity as a function of the luminance contrast of the test objects and the adaptation luminance. The test objects are Landolt rings with the luminance contrast from 3 to 92%. The observers, all with normal vision, judge the break orientations of the Landolt rings by guessing. Visual experiments are carried out according to the standard method of the visual acuity test. Results obtained are as follows.1. The resolvable visual angle θ can be expressed as a function of the luminance contrast C (%) and the adaptation luminance L (cd/m2),θ=(1.6293 C-0.3234(0.8034 C-0.1876+L1/4)4/L (minute)For practical use, following equation is derived as a simple and convenient formula to calculate the resolvable visual angle.θ=(1.7 C-1/3(0.85 C-1/5+L1/4)4/L (minute)2. As the luminance contrast of the test objects can not be discriminated below a certain adaptation luminance, the visual acuity is not defined and the above equations do not hold below this luminance. This threshold luminance is expressed as a fuuction of the luminance contrast; i.e.,L=2.974 C-1.7234 (cd/m2)3. The visual acuity in the vertical and the horizontal directions are slightly higher than those in the oblique ones irrespective of the luminance contrast of the Landolt rings.

The upper molars of adult Wistar rats were moved lingually by a wire spring for 5 and 9 days. Collagen-containing fibroblasts in the pressure zone caused by the tooth movement were investigated morphologically (forms characterized by type A and type B compartments) and cytochemically (location of acid and alkaline phosphatase activity). The following results were obtained: 1) The distribution of collagen-containing fibroblasts with type A or type B compartments could not be distinguished clearly in either 5-day or 9-day specimens; 2) Acid phosphatase activity was recognized in the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and elliptical bodies associated with type B compartments; 3) Alkaline phosphatase activity was positive in the plasma membrane of collagen-containing profiles and in both intracellular and extracellular collagen fibrils.These results suggest that fibroblasts are capable of phagocytosing collagen fibrils in all areas of the cytoplasmic membrane and that digestion of collagen fibrils in fibroblasts may be associated with acid and alkaline phosphatase.

The purpose of this study was to clarify histochemically the relation of ultrastructure and function in osteoclasts treated with calcitonin during experimental tooth movement. The upper first molars of Wistar strain rats were moved with a wire spring to obtain a number of active osteoclasts. These rats were divided into a control group (not treated with calcitonin) and seven experimental groups (treated with calcitonin). For demonstration of cytochrome c oxidase activity in mitochondria of the osteoclasts, the DAB method of Seligman et al. was used. The following results were obtained. 1) There was no remarkable difference in the localization of the enzyme activity of osteoclasts between undecalcified tissues and tissues decalcified by 5.0% EDTA solution. 2) Active osteoclasts in the control group contained many mitochondria with reaction products of the enzyme in the inner membrane and outer compartment (type 1 mitochondria, 82.6%/100μm2 in an osteoclast except nuclei) and a few mitochondria with reaction products only in the inner membrane of the cristae including intracristal spaces or lacking them at all sites (type 2 mitochondria, 17.4%). 3) At 3hr after calcitonin administration, maximal morphological changes of the osteoclasts with disappearance of a ruffled border and striking decrease of type 1 mitochondria (12.2%) were observed. 4) Osteoclasts of the experimental group at 72hr after calcitonin administration were almost typical active osteoclasts as seen in the control group and contained 80.2% type 1 mitochondria. These results suggest that cytochrome c oxidase activity was closely associated with changes in form and function of the osteoclasts.

In a high repetition rate excimer laser operation, the lifetime of the exciter is one of the most important problems. A thyratron is commonly used as a switch in the power supply but its lifetime limits laser operation time even if it is used with a magnetic assist which makes use of the nonlinearity of ferromagnetic material. To attain a nearly endless lifetime of the excimer laser exciter, we have developed an all solid state exciter which consists of a high-voltage transformer switched by a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), producing a pulse whose energy and duration are 11.2 J and 8 us, respectively, and a three stage magnetic compressor. With a 1.4-ohm dummy load, output peak power, energy/pulse, and pulse duration were 100 MW, 5.2 J, and 100 ns, respectively. The electrical efficiency of the exciter was 47%. The energy loss of 6 J in the exciter was due both to the core loss and the transfer loss. It should be noted that the time jitter between the SCR gate input pulse and the output voltage pulse was less than 12 ns. An KrF laser output of 33 mJ has been obtained after optimizing the total pressure, gas content (He buffer), output coupling, and the capacity of the resonant capacitor. With an Ne dilluent mixture, 42 mJ has been obtained (not optimized ). The design and the performance of the exciter and the laser operation are fully described. In addition, we have discussed the temperature rise of the core operating at a repetition rate of 1 kpps.