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An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including novelist Bapsi Sidhwa, the late Indian poet Nissim Ezekiel, and poetry.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the caste system in India, Dalit women, and gender inequities.

The author offers insights on issues relating to the freedom of expression of writers in India, the censorship being faced by writers, filmmakers, and artists in the country, and the presence of online shaming on social media.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including interview with poet Adil Jussawalla; review of the book "Being Hindu" by Hindol Sengupta; and poetry by East Indian writers.

In this article the author discusses the condition of cinema in India that are based on social, political spectrums and community, and also mentions the significant films of Gulzar who is a creative writer and director of films like "Mere Apne", "Aandhi" and "Maachis".

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various articles within the issue on topics including aspects of beauty and life, survey regarding Indian writing in English, and minimalist art of Triveni collated by Kala Ramesh.

An interview with novelist Malsawmi Jacob is presented, who discusses about publishing of debut novel Zorami by Jacob, challenges of writing both different genre including poem and short story by him, and reflection of social and political setting experience in his writings.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various issue including works of regional writer Bhalchandra Vanaji Nemade, various poem on Indian theme, and contribution of editors and to translators in the current issue of the periodical.

An interview with poet Sumant Batra is presented, who discusses concept behind Kumaon Literary Festival, prominent personalities associated with KLF, and relationship of Uttarakhand with literature.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the Hyderabad Literary Festival (HLF 2015), poems and short stories.

An introduction for the e-journal is presented which includes topics such as poet Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore, communal disturbances and writer Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay.

An interview is presented with writer Daman Singh, in which he discusses topics such as creative writing and his novels "Nine by Nine" and "The Sacred Grove" and "Strictly Personal: Manmohan and Gursharan".

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the fifth Hyderabad Literary Festival held in January, 2015 in India, translation of the creations of writer Rabindranath Tagore, and palliative impact of creativity.

Objective This study aims to determine the proportion of cases of neonatal sepsis developing acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods This is a prospective observational study conducted in the nursery of a tertiary care center in Northern India during October 2012 to March 2014. Newborns with symptoms suggestive of sepsis were investigated. Those with congenital renal anomalies and negative for sepsis were excluded fromthe study. Newborns with sepsis were treated accordingly and observed for AKI until discharge or death. Acute Kidney Injury Network definition was used to define AKI in this study. Results A total of 310 neonates with sepsis were enrolled out of which 3.87% neonates developed AKI. Factors such as maternal age, sex, birth weight, gestational age, asphyxia, the risk factor of sepsis in the mother, meconium-stained liquor, and mode of delivery were not found to be associated with AKI. Meningitis (p < 0.05) was found to be significantly associated with AKI. Duration of stay was longer for those with AKI (p < 0.01), but the mortality rate did not differ significantly among those with AKI and those without AKI. Around 25% of cases were found to be AKI stage 1, 25% of cases were AKI stage 2, and 50% of cases were AKI stage 3. Conclusion It is difficult to predict AKI based on clinical features, so it is better to screen all the neonates with sepsis for AKI so that they can be managed accordingly, as AKI detected early has a better prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including creative writing, plagiarism and the poetry collection.

Several reports published within the issue are presented including an article on novelist Lakshmi Persaud, National Awards winner Swapna Dutta and on diaspora literature.

The article presents the author's comments on the current issue which focuses on German literature. The author says that the current issue features insights into the writings of several German philosophers and authors such as Frederic Nietzsche, Bertolt Brecht, Anne Frank, Elie Weisel, Thomas Mann, Franz Kafka, Viktor Frankyl and Bernhard Schlink. The author shows his gratitude towards Christopher Kloeble, a young novelist and playwright, who shared his work with the journal.

The article presents the author's opinion on trauma literature with reference to Viktor Frankl's book "Man's Search for Meaning" and Bernhard Schlink's book "The Reader." The author appreciates the observer-victim in Frankl's book who retains sanity and also inspires a deep abiding faith in the human capacity to absorb suffering and emerge from it with grace and dignity. The author also mentions Sabiha Sumer's film "Khamosh Paani," in the context of trauma literature.

The article offers the author's comments on various issues related to the field of literature. It is stated that when Salman Rushdie prophesied that Indian English Literature (IEL) would emerge as the major literature of India, there was a furore in camps which challenged the idea. It is stated that the debate surrounding Indian literature has a bearing on the critical work that is being done by our academicians and scholars.

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including women's lives in India, writing collaborative poetry, and women literature in India.

The article presents an interview with poet Menka Shivdasani. When asked about the Poetry Circle that she and her poet friends established in the 1980s in Mumbai, India, she informs that the Circle is a space where people come with their works, share it and get feedback. When asked about the scariest moment in her poetic life, she mentions the launch of her first book "Nirvana at Ten Rupees." When asked about high points of her life, she refers to Muse India's Hyderabad Literary Festival.

The article reflects on the poem "Conversation" by Menka Shivdasani. It mentions that Shivdasani talks about the establishment of the Poetry Circle, a space where people could bring their work, share it and get feedback in Mumbai, India. It informs that the poem brings the attention of the reader to the art of poetry. It highlights various articles, which reflect the contribution of women writers in literay culture including Anita Singh and Shreyasee Datta, Shivangi Dikshit.

An introduction to the magazine is presented in which the editor discusses several articles including a conversation with writer Deepa Mishra, a conversation with writer Sukrita Paul, and an examination of author Qurrutalain Hyder's 1959 novel "Aag Ka Dariya" in the context of the 26/11 terrorist attacks in India.

Background: The stria vascularis (SV) is a vascularized epithelium that secretes endolymph and is located on the lateral wall of the membranous cochlea. The capillaries of SV directly influence the composition of the endolymph and hence the generation of impulses by the hair-cells that are auditory receptors and thus affect hearing. Therefore, the real morphology of the SV would be very important for understanding the hearing system. There are few reliable reports of the morphology of the human SV., Aims and Objectives: In this research, we have estimated the volume of the SV and total length of strial capillaries in the apical, middle and basal turns of the human cochlea by updated stereological techniques., Methods: The point-counting Cavalieri's method and hemispherical volume probes were applied on stained, 40 μm-thick serial sections of five celloidin-embedded, decalcified cochleae., Results: The mean age of persons at the time of death was 51 ± 15.25 years, the mean volume of the SV was 0.56 ± 0.054 mm3 and the mean length of the SV capillaries was 289.08 ± 72.96 mm. We also estimated the same parameters with different stereological parameters, probes and in differently stained sections and checked the relationship and limits of agreement between different methods by paired t -test and Bland-Altman plot. We found agreement in our results., Conclusion: We provide reliable baseline data on the real morphology of the human SV., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Hearing loss and cognitive decline are commonly associated with aging and morbidity. Present clinical interest lies in whether peripheral hearing loss promotes cognitive decline and if prophylaxis with selective adenosine receptor agonist CGS21680 effectively mitigates the adverse effects. In the current study, male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g m were randomly allocated into three groups: Group 1) rats exposed to 100 dB SPL white noise, 2 h a day for 15 consecutive days, 2) rats supplemented with an adenosine receptor agonist, CGS21680 at 100 μg/kg/day prior to noise exposure and 3) unexposed control rats. Baseline hearing and cognition assessed by auditory brainstem response (ABR) and water maze respectively was undertaken for all the groups. Phalloidin stain and synaptic ribbons count in cochlea, and, Ki67, DCX and NeuN in hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry. It was inferred that noise exposed rats showed elevated thresholds of ABR and poorer performances in spatial working memory when compared with controls. On the contrary, CGS21680 administered group exhibited improved ABR and cognitive functions with shorter mean latency and path-length to reach the platform, significant reduction in the noise induced loss of synaptic ribbons count and increased number of Ki67 and doublecortin (DCX) positive cells compared to their noise exposed counterparts. Pharmacologic intervention with selective A 2A receptor agonist CGS21680 provided adequate protection from noise by effectively maintaining hearing threshold levels, cell viability in cochlea and hippocampus & functional/intact reference memory., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: The potential for long-term adverse effects from inhaled corticosteroids relates to their systemic absorption. With increasing use of high dose inhaled corticosteroids, there is need to establish whether similar doses of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and budesonide (BUD) produce clinically important differences in untoward side effects specially hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression., Methods: Fifteen asthmatic patients were started on BDP or BUD (2000 microg/day) through spacer for six weeks. Serum cortisol (9 AM and 4 PM), 24-hour urinary steroid and pulmonary function testing parameters were performed., Results: The serum cortisol levels were not found to be suppressed with either BDP or BUD. Similarly no significant changes were found in 24 hours urinary excretion of steroids with either of the drugs. Significant improvement was found in values of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) with BDP. With BUD the changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1 were found to be significant., Conclusion: BDP or BUD in high doses of 2000 microg/day given upto six weeks through spacer are equally effective for treatment of bronchial asthma and do not cause any significant change in serum and urinary cortisol levels, and adrenal function/HPA axis.