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This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of a retinal autograft that was used to treat a macular hole that occurred after repeated vitreoretinal surgeries. A patient underwent repeated vitreoretinal surgery due to retinal detachment in the right eye, and the internal limiting membrane was also removed during the surgeries. After silicone oil removal, the patient developed recurrent retinal detachment and macular hole, and for this reason a retinal autograft was applied to the macular hole and silicone tamponade was administered. The silicone oil was removed at postoperative 7 months, and the macular hole was observed to be closed on fundus examination at 18 months. The final visual acuity was 5/100. On optical coherence tomography (OCT), the hole in the detached retina was measured as 600 µm in diameter preoperatively, 1020 µm on the first postoperative day, gradually narrowed to 765 µm, and graft integration occurred. During follow-up, the accumulation of hyperreflective spots persisted on the inner surface of the graft tissue and in all vertically extending sections. In en face sections, it appeared as a hyperreflective arc between the graft and host retina with a shadowing artefact. In OCT angiography evaluation, a punctate multiple blood flow signal in the vertical axis of the graft was detected in the early phase at 3 months. This finding persisted at 1 month after silicone removal, and the flow signal disappeared with resorption of the cystic edema. These flow signals were in the same location as the areas of hyperreflective spots on structural OCT. In conclusion, structural OCT and OCT angiography are effective methods for the follow-up of retinal autograft integration into host tissue.

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for almost 15% of all breast carcinomas. The potential of ILC to metastasize to the gastointestinal system is significantly greater than that of invasive ductal carcinoma. Gastric metastasis occurred in the ninth year of the follow-up in a patient who was operated on the right breast due to ILC. The patient was investigated for simultaneous masses in the stomach and colon, and a random mass was found in her right breast.

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acrylic bone cement in partial nasal bone reconstruction. Methods This study was conducted using nine New Zealand rabbits. The left nasal bones of the rabbits were included in the experimental group, and the right nasal bones were evaluated as the control group. The partial bone segments on the bilateral nasal bones were marked and removed symmetrically. A synthetic graft material made of acrylic bone cement was placed in experimental group, and the partial bone segment removed from the right side was placed in control group as an autograft. All rabbits were sacrificed at the end of the 28th day. Samples were taken from the grafts and from the surrounding soft tissues for histopathological examination. Acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, vascularization, fibrosis, foreign body reaction, bone proliferation, and the presence of empty lacunae were evaluated under a light microscope for both groups. Results Surrounding soft tissue on synthetic and autograft were the same in terms of chronic inflammation. There was no statistically significant difference for vascularization, fibrosis, and foreign body reaction. Synthetic graft and autograft were the same in terms of chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and bone proliferation. There was no statistically significant difference for vascularization, foreign body reaction, and presence of empty lacunae (p > 0.05). Conclusion This study showed no significant differences between the use of acrylic bone and the use of an autograft for partial nasal bone reconstruction in terms of graft or tissue healing. Acrylic bone cement may therefore serve as a good alternative for nasal bone reconstruction.

Objective:This study aimed to determine whether peripheral vertigo is related to the lunar cycle, the seasons, or meteorological factors, in patients who presented to the ear, nose, and throat clinic.Methods:All the patients, diagnosed with vertigo between January 2020 and January 2022, were identified through a retrospective review of our hospital database. The clinical and demographic data of the patients were recorded. Daily humidity (minimum, average, and maximum; %), daily temperature (minimum, average, and maximum; °C), daily average and maximum wind speed (m/min), daily air pressure (minimum and average maximum; hPa) and wind direction (degrees) values were noted. Also, the phases of the moon, i.e., first quarter, new moon, last quarter, and full moon periods were determined.Results:A total of 5,432 patients were included in the study. No statistically significant differences were noted among them with respect to the lunar cycle (p=0.233). However, patient density was found to increase in the winter months.Conclusion:This study concluded that the frequency of diseases is related to meteorological factors, nonetheless, no statistical relationship was found between the lunar cycle and the frequency of patient entries.

The ongoing destruction of archaeological sites in Anatolia is well known but less so are the AnatolianâTurkish oral traditions, beliefs and social norms that tolerate the irreversible damage being done by the local communities involved. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative research I undertook in the Black Sea region of Turkey where extensive looting occurs including the Safranbolu World Heritage Site. Using an ethno-graphic approach enabled me to conduct first-hand interviews with 91 informants and 9 hodjas or self-proclaimed spiritualists who advise local people on their search for buried treasures. My fieldwork shows a lack of archaeological heritage awareness and a tolerance of looting that stems from folklore, reinterpretation of Islamic hadiths, and cultural codes. Today, the protection and preservation of archaeological heritage and associated artefacts depends on whether local communities value them more than the buyers of illicitly obtained artefacts.

Objective: This study aimed at assessing the components of obstetric violence of women in receiving care during labor and postnatal period. Material and methods: This research was designed as a web-based descriptive study. The study was conducted with 556 women who had a vaginal delivery were within the first 6 weeks after delivery. The data of the research were collected between November-December 2021. Results: The mean age of women was 27.33±5.75, and the mean gestational week was 38.96±1.42. It was determined that while 95% of the women who underwent the intervention had a vaginal examination for less than 4 hours, 86.9% of them had no freedom of positioning at birth, and information was not provided to 41.2% of them before shaving, 22.2% of them before the amniotomy, 6.3% of them before oxytocin administration, 7.8% of them before episiotomy administration, 23.6% of them before fundal pressure, and 88.9% of them before vacuum support. It was found that 69.8% of the women did not have a companion during the delivery process, 67.1% of them were not involved in the decisions during the delivery process, and 93.9% of them asked for getting permission and providing information in the interventions during the delivery process. Additionally, the difference between the distributions of exposure to obstetric violence according to some sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics of the women was not statistically significant (p Conclusion: According to the result of the study, it was determined that women were subjected to some types of obstetric violence during labor and the delivery process.

Bu çalışmada, geoteknik mühendisliğinin başlıca konuları arasında yer alan güvenli şevlerin tasarımı konusu incelenmiştir. Güvenli şevlerin tasarımı için dikkat edilmesi gereken statik yükler kadar önemli bir diğer etken ise, sismik yüklerdir. Sismik yükler altında şev davranışının irdelenmesi niyetiyle tasarlanmış olan model şeve farklı özellikteki depremler etki ettirilerek sonlu eleman yazılımı ile bir dizi şev stabilite analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda tasarlanan model şev, farklı özelliklerdeki senaryolar ile çeşitli bölgelerde meydana gelmiş, çok sayıda istasyon ölçümleri bulunan 12 adet gerçek deprem kayıt verisi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu depremlerin tasarlanmış olan model şevin stabilitesine olan etkileri ortaya koyulmuş ve elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda şev tasarımında daha güvenli ve daha ekonomik sonuçlar alınması için dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlara değinilmiştir.

Pazarlama dünyasına yeni bir soluk getiren dijital pazarlama, işletmeler arasında yaygın bir şekilde tercih edilmektedir. Dijital dünya sayesinde alışveriş kavramı da değişmiş ve online alışveriş çok sık bir şekilde kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Sosyal ağların sık kullanıldığı günümüzde bu alanlar üzerinden insanlara erişim oldukça kolaylaşmıştır.Araştırmanın amacı Instagram fenomenlerinin sosyal medya pazarlaması kapsamında yaptıkları ürün/mal/hizmet reklamlarının Instagram uygulaması üzerinde tüketicilerin satın alma niyetine etkisini araştırmaktır. Bu nedenle araştırma kapsamında, çevrimiçi anket yöntemiyle 315 veri elde edilmiştir. Söz konusu veriler Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, Korelasyon, Ki Kare, Sobel testleri ve Spearman korelasyon katsayısı, regresyon analizleri ile incelenmiştir. Bu çalışma fenomen pazarlama kapsamında Instagram kullanıcılarının bakış açısından yapılan nicel bir araştırmadır. Araştırma sonucu kaynak çekiciliğinin reklama yönelik tutumla aracılık etkisinin olduğunu ve satın alma niyetine etki ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Kaynak güvenirliliğini reklama yönelik tutumla aracılık etkisine sahip olmadığını fakat satın alma niyeti üzerinde etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Kaynak uzmanlığının reklama yönelik tutuma etki ettiğini ve satın alma niyetine etki ettiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Aracı değişken olan reklama yönelik tutumun satın alma niyetine olumlu etkisi olduğu saptanmıştır. Kaynak çekiciliği ve uzmanlığının, güvenilirliğe göre satın alma niyeti ile daha ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür.

IntroductionThis paper explores teachers’ views on the impact of STEM education on the labor market. This study focused on teachers’ views to investigate STEM education and the labor market and the relationship between the two.MethodsThe sample consisted of 32 teachers from different branches. Participants were recruited using purposive convenience sampling. This paper adopted a qualitative case study research design. Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. The qualitative data were analyzed using inductive content and descriptive analysis.ResultsParticipants stated that STEM education offered new fields of work, promoted entrepreneurship, and increased job opportunities. They also noted that STEM education helped reduce social costs. They emphasized that STEM education made participants happy, prevented brain drain, and reduced social problems. On the other hand, they also noted that STEM education could lead to technological unemployment. The descriptive analyses showed that STEM education had a positive impact on employment, a reduction in social costs, and a positive impact on underemployment. In light of the results, we made recommendations for future research.

Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamud,1 İsmail Gedi İbrahim,2 Said Abdirahman Ahmed,1 Mesut Karataş,1 Mohamed Osman Omar Jeele3 1Department of cardiology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia; 2Department of radiology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia; 3Department of internal medicine, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu, Benadir, SomaliaCorrespondence: Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamud, Department of cardiology, Mogadishu Somalia Turkish Training and Research Hospital, Digfer street, Mogadishu, Benadir, Somalia, Tel +252 616983961, Email Maxamadf10@gmail.comIntroduction: Thyroid disease is an independent predictor of heart failure in patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with heart failure in Mogadishu, Somalia.Methods: From January 2019 to January 2021, a total of 250 patients diagnosed with heart failure admitted to the cardiology outpatient and emergency departments were evaluated retrospectively. The demographic characteristics, the cause of heart failure, and the kind of heart failure were recorded. Patients were categorized into subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, low T3 syndrome, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism.Results: A total of 250 heart failure patients. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among heart failure patients was 35.6%. The mean age of the patients was 59.8± 14 years. Males outnumbered females by 159 (63.2%). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was 35.6%. Out of the 250 patients that were examined, most of the patients 30(33.3%) had subclinical hypothyroidism. 23 (25.6%) had overt hypothyroidism, 15 (16.7%) had overt hyperthyroidism, 20 (22.2%) had low T3 syndrome, and two cases had subclinical hyperthyroidism. Regarding the gender status of the thyroid dysfunction, 43(48.3%) were male, and 46(51.7%) were female. Regarding heart failure types among thyroid dysfunction patients, most patients were HFrEF (n=64, 71.9%), and 25(28.1%) were HFpEF. Patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were more likely to have thyroid dysfunction than those with preserved ejection fraction (p = 0.012). Regarding comorbidities among heart failure patients with thyroid dysfunction, approximately half of the patients had hypertension (40.4%).Conclusion: Thyroid problems are one of the most prevalent endocrine abnormalities in our practice. Subclinical hypothyroidism was the most common type of thyroid dysfunction among this population. We suggest that thyroid function be evaluated with cardiac function in patients with heart failure and followed up and treated together with heart failure.Keywords: thyroid dysfunction, heart failure, prevalence, Somalia, East Africa