Search

A small coverage to the series of Nearly Balanced Uniform Repeated Measurements Designs (NBURMD), proposed by Sarkar and Roy (1995) is presented.

Mapping of a Bose system of interacting particles onto an effective Bose system having an upper cutoff momentum is derived by integrating out momenta between infinity and p0 where p0 is small compared to the inverse de Broglie wavelength λ-1 of the particles. The mapping, within the ∊-expansion scheme, is a general result independent of any argument specific to the critical region. The cross-over behaviour of pressure and density is worked out in the normal phase as well as in the condensed phase. The results are manifestly independent of the cutoff p0 as expected on physical grounds.

This study is aimed at assessing the impact of thermal and moisture stresses associated with observed intraseasonal and interannual variability in key climatic elements on the nature and extent of losses in growth and yield of soybean crop in central India through the use of CROPGRO model. The crops are found to be more sensitive to higher cumulative heat units during cropping season. The yields respond substantially to temporal variations in rainfall (associated with observed swings in the continuity of monsoon). Prolonged dry spells at critical life stages of the soybean crop are found to adversely affect crop development and growth and hence the yields at selected sites. We have also examined the plausible effects of future climate change on soybean yields in the selected region based on simulations carried out for doubled atmospheric CO2 level and with modified weather variables using the available seasonal projections for the future. Our findings on the response of elevated CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere suggest higher yields (50% increase) for soybean crop for a doubling of CO2. However, a 3°C rise in surface air temperature almost cancels out the positive effects of elevated CO2 on the yield. Soybean crops at selected site are more vulnerable to increases in maximum temperature than in minimum temperature. The combined effect of doubled CO2 and anticipated thermal stress (likely by middle of the next century) on soybean crop is about 36% increase in yield at the selected sites. A decline in daily rainfall amount by 10% restricts this yield gain to about 32%. Deficient rainfall with uneven distribution during the monsoon season could be a critical factor for the soybean productivity even under the positive effects of elevated CO2 in the future.

The CERES-Rice version 3.0 crop growth simulation model was calibrated and evaluated for the agroclimatic conditions of the state of Kerala in India. Genetic coefficients were developed for the rice crop variety Jaya and used for the model evaluation studies. In four experiments using different transplanting dates during the virippu season (June to September) under rainfed conditions (i.e. no irrigation), the flowering date was predicted within an error of four days and date of crop maturity within an error of two days. The model was found to predict the phenological events of the crop fairly well. The grain yield predicted by the model was within an error of 3 for all the transplanting dates, but the straw yield prediction was within an error of 27. The high accuracy of the grain yield prediction showed the ability of the model to simulate the growth of the crop in the agroclimatic conditions of Kerala. It can be concluded from this study that the model can be used for making various strategic and tactical decisions related to agricultural planning in the state.

The poor viability of the perennial aromatic grass, palmarosa (Cymbopogon martinii Stapf. var. motia), in the first year of planting, restricts its popularity among farmers in India. Two pigeonpea cultivars, Bahar (late maturing), and UPAS–120 (early maturing) were intercropped at different row spacings with palmarosa at a row spacing of 60 cm, in the subtropical climate of Lucknow, north India in 1988/89 and 1989/90. Intercropping with the late maturing cv. Bahar at 300 cm row spacing produced 1·26 t/ha grain (2-year mean) without affecting the growth and yield of the palmarosa. Intercropping improved land-use efficiency by 47%, relative net return by 58% and net economic return by Rs. 12500/ha over a sole palmarosa crop. The grain, stalk and total dry matter yield per plant of pigeonpea was considerably improved when grown at the wider row spacing in the intercropped system than when grown as a sole crop. This indicates that the competition between pigeonpea plants was not reduced when palmarosa was present. Palmarosa tiller production and herb and oil yield were significantly reduced when the distance between rows of pigeonpea was narrowed, demonstrating both the greater susceptibility of palmarosa to lack of light, and also that in palmarosa–pigeonpea intercropping systems, competition exists mainly for light rather than for nutrients and moisture, possibly because the two crop components acquire their nutrients and moisture from different soil layers.Intercropping with the high yielding, late maturing pigeonpea cultivar, Bahar, at 300 cm row distance is recommended to make palmarosa cultivation economically viable in the first year of planting. The selection of high yielding, late maturing pigeonpea cultivars with an upright growth habit is suggested as a further way of improving the economic benefits of a palmarosa–pigeonpea intercropping system.

Agricultural sector is one of the sensitive areas which would be influenced by the projected global warming and associated climate change. In spite of the uncertainties about the precise magnitude of climate change on regional scales, an assessment of the possible impacts of changes in key climatic elements on our agricultural resources is important for formulating response strategies. In this study, vulnerability of wheat and rice crops in northwest India to the projected climate change is examined. CERES wheat and rice models adopted for the study were validated for their ability to reproduce yields at the selected NW Indian stations. The sensitivity experiments with these models showed higher yields for both wheat and rice (28% and 15% respectively for a doubling of CO2) under elevated CO2 levels. A 3°C (2°C) rise in air temperature nearly cancels out the positive effect of elevated CO2 on the wheat (rice) yields. While the wheat crops are found to be sensitive to increase in maximum temperature, the rice crops are vulnerable to increase in minimum temperature. The combined effect of enhanced CO2 and imposed thermal stress on the wheat (rice) crop is 21% (4%) increase in yield for the irrigation schedule presently practised in the region. While the adverse impacts of likely water shortage on wheat crops would be minimised to a certain extent under elevated CO2 levels, they would largely be maintained for the rice crops resulting in about 20% net decline in rice yields. In general, acute water shortage conditions combined with the thermal stress should adversely affect both the wheat and more severely the rice productivity in NW India even under the positive effects of elevated CO2 in the future.

The growth of epitaxy of silicon–carbon (Si1−yCy) alloy layers on (1 0 0) silicon substrates by chemical vapour deposition (CVD) with a novel precursor, neopentasilane, as the silicon source gas and methylsilane as the carbon source is reported. High quality Si1−yCy alloy layers at growth rates of 18 nm min −1 and 13 nm min −1 for fully substitutional carbon levels of 1.8% and 2.1%, respectively, were achieved. The highest substitutional carbon level achieved was 2.6% (strained perpendicular lattice constant of 5.347 u A) as determined by x-ray diffraction. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)

Central Mining Research Institute (CMRI) in Dhanbad is a research laboratory under the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research in New Delhi, which is part of the Government of India. This institute has been established to provide scientific and technological inputs to the Indian mining industries for optimization of technologies with respect to safety, economy, conservation, and environmental management in mining sectors. Acute water shortages have developed in recent years in the CMRI campus. Only two tube wells have been drilled at the campus, and these are incapable of providing adequate water supply for research activities and campus residents. Hence, an additional source of groundwater might be needed here to solve the water scarcity problem. To study the groundwater condition in detail and to recommend a new deep tube well, two resistivity imaging surveys were carried out in the CMRI campus along the traverses D1 and D2 as shown in Figure 1.

Kamptee colliery, developed by Western Coalfield Limited (WCL), lies in the Nagpur district of the Indian state of Maharashtra (Figure 1). Here, coal seams (designated 1, 2, 3, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B) are found in Kamthis and Barakar formations of the Upper Permian and Lower Permian, respectively. Coal was extracted and stowed with sand in the late 1950s and 1960s. Surface buildings over these old workings mainly include employee quarters and some permanent and semipermanent structures.

Signet ring cell carcinomas of the colon and rectum are well documented in the adult population, but the incidence is very low in the paediatric population. Signet ring cell carcinoma has more malignant potential, mostly present as advanced stage and carries very poor prognosis. We are describing a 10-year-old male patient who presented with acute intestinal obstruction; radiology revealed large bowel obstruction and was diagnosed metastatic primary signet ring cell carcinoma of rectum on biopsy. We have discussed the diagnostic work-up and the management of this rare entity. Due to the high mortality that can be caused by a delay in making the correct diagnosis, signet ring cell carcinoma of colorectum represents a special diagnostic and surgical challenge.

Background Some authorities recommend that colorectal cancer should be treated in specialist units but evidence that non-specialist units demonstrate comparatively poor results may be lacking. Methods Between 1987 and 1991, 267 patients were operated on by four general surgeons, none of whom was a specialist in colorectal surgery. Procedure-related complications, postoperative mortality and disease-related survival rates were analysed. Results There were four cases of intraperitoneal sepsis (1 per cent) and five of 189 patients (3 per cent) had clinical anastomotic dehiscence; there was no case of wound dehiscence. The postoperative mortality rate after elective and emergency surgery was 2 and 13 per cent respectively. The 5-year disease-related survival rate for curative and palliative surgery was 67 and 9 per cent respectively. There were no significant differences between the surgeons. Conclusion Disease-related variables such as early-stage disease and fewer patients presenting as emergencies may have a greater favourable influence on ultimate survival than surgeon-related variables.

Very high energy (VHE) $\gamma$-rays above 10$'$s of GeV energy, emitted from distant blazars, are attenuated by photons from the extragalactic background light (EBL). Unfortunately, neither the EBL nor the intrinsic blazar spectrum is accurately known to derive one quantity from the other. In this work we use a homogeneous one zone model involving synchrotron, synchrotron self Compton (SSC) and external Compton (EC) emission mechanisms to estimate the intrinsic VHE spectra of blazars. The model is applied on three VHE blazars, namely PKS2155-304, RGB J0710+591 and 3C279, for which simultaneous multi-wavelength data are available from various observations. The predicted values of the intrinsic VHE fluxes are then compared with the observations by imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes to determine the optical depth of VHE $\gamma$-rays. On comparing these optical depth values with those predicted by four different EBL models, we observe a somewhat pronounced systematic deviation for PKS2155-304 and 3C279 at higher energies, especially for the EBL model proposed by Finke et al.(2010). We attribute this deviation to be an outcome of either the failure of the extrapolation of blazar SED to VHE energies and/or due to various assumptions buried in the EBL models., Comment: 7 Figures

Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is usually a self-limiting illness. Diabetics are prone to develop liver diseases and liver regeneration is impaired in them. Natural course of AVH in diabetics has not been assessed and may be severe.Observational prospective study to evaluate natural course of AVH in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Consecutive patients with AVH were included and categorized in to those with or without diabetes. Etiology, complications, mortality and recovery parameters of AVH were identified and compared between two groups.131 consecutive AVH between March 2007 and March 2009 were evaluated; 12 diabetics and 83 non-diabetics (n = 95) were included for analysis. Hepatitis E was the commonest cause (n = 55, 57.89%) in the whole cohort. However, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) as the etiology was significantly higher among diabetics than in non-diabetics (58.33% vs. 25.3%, P = 0.02). In contrast, hepatitis E was the etiology in 61.44% of non-diabetics. Frequency of severe hepatitis was significantly higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics (5/12; 41.67% vs. 9/83; 10.64%, P 0.005). 5 of 14 (36%) with severe hepatitis were diabetics. Liver failure and death occurred in 2 (16%) diabetics, while none among the non-diabetics had liver failure. Multiple variable logistic regression analysis revealed that acute hepatitis B (OR 4.7 (95% CI 1.34-16.47)) and diabetes (OR 4.0 (95% CI 0.96-16.47)) were associated with severe hepatitis.Patients with diabetes are at risk to contact HBV infection and severe hepatitis.

A liver abscess formation is a rare complication of a gallbladder perforation, with a cholecystohepatic communication. Niemeier, in 1934, classified free gallbladder perforations and generalised biliary peritonitis as an acute or a Type I gallbladder perforation, a pericholecystic abscess and localised peritonitis as a subacute or a Type II gallbladder perforation, and cholecystoenteric fistulas as chronic or Type III gallbladder perforations. We are describing a 50-year-old male patient who presented with right upper quadrant pain and was found to have an intrahepatic perforation of the gallbladder. Our patient had a Type II perforation. We have discussed the diagnostic work-up and the management of this rare entity. Due to the high mortality that can be caused by a delay in making the correct diagnosis, a gallbladder perforation represents a special diagnostic and surgical challenge.

The electron spin resonance (esr) of C60.Ox and C60.HMTTEF (hexamethylentetratellurafulvalene) has been investigated at 9.36 GHz as a function of temperature. T (298 T 4 K). C60.Ox shows an esr absorption of equal ‘g’ value to that of C60 exposed to O2 and light but is more intense. The C60 in its pure form is in a singlet state. The impurity sites introduced by O2 produce the esr absorption. The Curie - Weiss plots of inverse esr absorption intensity versus temperature indicate an antiferromagnetic TH = 50 for air exposed C60 and 90K for C60Ox. From the esr intensity at room temperature, the calculated number of free spins (S = 1/2) is =1/3 per mole of C60-Ox. In case of C60.HMTTEF, there is a very weak esr absorption at room temperature suggesting that the room temperature form is diamagnetic with very small charge transfer between C60 and HMTTEF. This conclusion is consistent with the structure and magnetic susceptibility of this cocrystal. As the temperature is lowered, the equilibrium: AD

Medium range forecast, a recently introduced service in India, has not been evaluated satisfactorily in terms of agricultural applications. In this article an attempt has been made to evaluate the performance of medium range weather forecast for Delhi and Ludhiana environment in the rabi (winter) season of 1994 - 95 by comparing the forecasted with actual weather components, mainly maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, sunshine hours, and rainfall. Furthermore, yield and growth response of wheat simulated under adequate, moderate, and limited irrigated conditions were compared for forecasted and actual weathers employing wheat growth simulator (WTGROWS). Medium-range forecast performance for predicting maximum and minimum temperatures for both the locations had predictability lying in the range of 70 to 85 percent. The precision was somewhat better in case of maximum temperature assessment. Wind speed for both locations was poorly assessed. Forecasted rainfall matched actual rainfall on some occasions only at Ludhiana but the performance, in terms of seventy-two hours around the forecasted time, gave better results. The observed bright sunshine hours showed poor predictability (less than 30%). Forecasted grain yields for all levels of soil moisture availability treatments at both the locations were.

Twelve Jalauni male sheep (Av. body weight 34.6 kg, around 2–2.4 yr) were randomly assigned into two groups of six animals each. Animals in group G1were fed sorghum silage ad lib. whereas the animals in group G2 were fed fodder sugarcane silage ad lib. Both the groups were provided 400 g of concentrate mixture daily. After adaptation period of 30 days, a 6 day metabolism trial was conducted. Before starting the metabolism trial, the rumen liquor samples were collected before feeding from each animal for two consecutive days through stomach tube. The chemical and biochemical characteristics like CP (6.44 and 6.17%), NDF (72.36 and 75.73%), pH (3.85 and. 4.15) and lactic acid (3.78 and 3.56%) contents were comparable between sorghum and fodder sugarcane silage. DM intake (kg/100 kg BW or g/kg W0.75) was also similar between the groups. Digestibility coefficients (%) of DM, CP and NDF were similar in groups G1 and G2, however, OM digestibility was higher (P

Schizophrenia is a disabling illness with limited treatment options. The underlying pathophysiology remains unknown, partially due to its heterogeneous nature, and a lack of understanding of the biological functions of genetic risk factors. Several signaling pathways have been implicated, however, with the varying degrees of support. In this article, I will focus on the converging evidence supporting a prominent role for Wnt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling in the biological bases of schizophrenia. This includes current pharmacological therapies that target GSK3, animal model and cell-based studies, and recent human genetic findings that implicate Wnt and GSK3 signaling.

There are an estimated 45 million carriers of β-thalassemia trait and about 12,000–15,000 infants with β-thalassemia major are born every year in India. Thalassemia major constitutes a significant burden on the health care system. The burden of thalassemia major can be decreased by premarital screening and prenatal diagnosis. The success of prenatal diagnosis requires proper knowledge of spectrum of β-thalassemia mutations. In present study, β-thalassemia mutations were characterized in 300 thalassemia cases from 2007 to 2010 using ARMS-PCR and DNA sequencing. The five most common mutations accounted 78.9% of the studied chromosomes that includes IVS1-5(G>C), Cod 41-42(-TCTT), Cod8-9(+G), Cod16(−C) and 619bp del. Though IVS1-5(G>C) is most common mutation in all the communities, the percentage prevalence were calculated on sub caste basis and found that IVS1-5(G>C) percentage prevalence varied from 25 to 60 in Aroras & Khatris and Thakur respectively. Interestingly Cod41-42(−TCTT) mutation which is the second commonest among the mutations reported was totally absent in Kayasthas and Muslim community. These findings have implications for providing molecular diagnosis, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis to high risk couples of β-thalassemia.

Bone disease comprising of low bone mineral density (BMD), bone pain, and fractures is a characteristic feature of thalassemia. Vitamin D receptors (VDRs - FokI, TaqI, and Bsml) polymorphisms are closely related to low BMD at the lumbar spine and hips which can be used as a useful genetic marker in predicting bone disease in these patients.To find out the status of VDRs gene polymorphisms and its effect on osteoporosis in thalassemia patients of North Indian origin.BMD was measured in 40 beta-thalassemia major patients by dual-energy X-ray densitometry (DXA). Serum vitamin D levels were estimated by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. VDR gene polymorphisms (FokI, TaqI, and BsmI) were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.About 80.6% cases were found to be vitamin D deficient. Z score of BMD of lumbar spine and hips were -2.31 ± 1.18 and -2.09 ± 0.89. Osteoporotic lumbar spine was observed in 42.5% cases of thalassemia. A positive correlation of vitamin D level was found with Z score of BMD of lumbar spine (r = 0.398, P value = 0.027). Polymorphisms of FokI and BsmI were found significantly correlated with BMD of lumbar spine. However, no association of BMD was observed with TaqI polymorphism.The present study showed a high prevalence of low BMD in thalassemia, suggesting that they should be targeted for DXA screening and osteoporosis prevention before permanent end organ bone damage occurs. The VDR genotyping can be used as additional test in individuals who are susceptible to osteoporosis so that early preventive measurements can be taken.

In recent years, there is a development of vaginal contraceptives incorporating potent spermicides. Many compounds with different pharmacological activity have been evaluated in vitro for their spermicidal activity. Drugs such as surfaceactive agents (synthetic and natural), ionophores, antiliquefying agents, antimicrobial agents and miscellaneous agents such as gossypol, Azadirachta indica, vanadocenes have all been demonstrated to possess good spermicidal activity. Nonoxynol is the only spermicidal agent currently marketed and widely used. But there is still a need to develop alternative compounds for future use as safe spermicide.

A field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2007-2009 in India (Manipur) to study the effect of different sources and levels of phosphorus on productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. The treatments consisted of four sources of phosphorus [Single super phosphate (SSP), Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP), Single super phosphate (SSP)+Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP)+Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB)], four levels of phosphorus (20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2O5 ha-1) and one absolute control(without any fertilizer and PSB). Application of SSP+PSB produced significantly higher number of nodules per plant, dry weight of nodules per plant, number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight than the other treatments. Maximum grain yield and total phosphorus uptake were also recorded when using SSP+PSB. Yield attributing characters, grain and stover yield were increased with increasing levels of phosphorus. Regarding evaluation of various efficiency fractions of soybean, agronomic efficiency, physiological efficiency and phosphorus use efficiency had more pronounced effects on combined application of SSP+PSB. However, apparent recovery of phosphorus was higher in DAP+PSB due to higher stover yield and higher phosphorus uptake. Among the different levels the efficiency fractions increase up to 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 and declined at 80 kg P2O5 ha-1.

We have observed the blazar Markarian 421 with the TACTIC $\gamma$-ray telescope at Mt. Abu, India, from 22 November 2009 to 16 May 2010 for 265 hours. Detailed analysis of the data so recorded revealed presence of a TeV $\gamma$-ray signal with a statistical significance of 12.12$\sigma$ at $E_{\gamma}\geq$ 1 TeV. We have estimated the time averaged differential energy spectrum of the source in the energy range 1.0 - 16.44 TeV. The spectrum fits well with the power law function of the form ($dF/dE=f_0 E^{-\Gamma}$) with $f_0=(1.39\pm0.239)\times 10^{-11}cm^{-2}s^{-1}TeV^{-1}$ and $\Gamma=2.31\pm0.14$., Comment: 15 pages, 7 figures: Accepted for publication in J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys

Dynamic electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements compare the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic (AF) properties of superconducting oxides in the range 4 K to room temperature, at 8 MHz and 9.36 GHz. Two are derivatives of ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$: I: Nd(${\mathrm{Nd}}_{0.05}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{0.95}$${)}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$=72 K and II: ${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.8}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$[${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{Tl}}_{0.5}$${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.5}$)]${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$=108 K and two are cases where AF ordering dominates the weak superconductivity: III: ${\mathrm{NbO}}_{1.1}$, 1.25\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$\ensuremath{\le}10 K and IV: ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{NiO}}_{4.00}$, 70 K \ensuremath{\ge}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$\ensuremath{\ge}40 K. At temperatures 298\ensuremath{\ge}T\ensuremath{\ge}64 K, the ESR absorption by I indicates orthorhombic symmetry. The peaks at ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{c}}$=2.06, ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{b}}$=2.13, and ${\mathit{g}}_{\mathit{a}}$=2.24 are identified with the presence of 5% ${\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}$${(}^{4}$${\mathit{I}}_{9/2}$) in the Ba layer because the characteristic ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ impurity hyperfine structure is absent and the ESR signal disappears several degrees below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. Near ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ the ESR absorption is reduced by two orders of magnitude.Proximity effects give rise to interference fringes with period ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{f}}$(T) independent of the field B and the rate of sweep ${\mathit{dB}}_{\mathit{z}}$/dt. ESR is observed below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ because flux penetrates the superconductor. The temperature dependence of ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{f}}$ leads to an activation energy for the flux motion ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{a}}$(I)/R\ensuremath{\le}16 K and ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{a}}$ (III)/R\ensuremath{\simeq}3 K \ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$/4. In the superconducting state a coherent flux expulsion response to a change in ${\mathit{B}}_{\mathit{z}}$ from 500 mT to zero is observed in times ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathit{r}}$=8 to 10 s. The inverse rate of noise spikes due to flux expulsion, when the samples are cooled through ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ in a magnetic field, varies from ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}}_{\mathrm{noise}}$=3.5 s for III to 21 s for IV. The microwave absorption spectra identify three temperature regimes: (i) For 3.5 K T${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{m}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{*}}$${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, superconducting behavior was confirmed by the energy loss near zero magnetic field and the kinetics of high-field noise due to flux expulsion. Near g=2.00 ESR absorption is observed for all materials. A broad absorption near 50 to 100 mT at 9.36 GHz has been attributed to AF resonance. (ii) ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{m}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}${\mathit{T}}^{\mathrm{*}}$\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ identifies the range where flux motion gives rise to interference fringes in the ESR absorption. (iii) ESR and AF resonance are observed immediately after warming above ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$.

The Tharu tribe inhabits the Himalayan foothills from Nainital in the West to Darjeeling in the East, and utilize plants in the treatment of diseases and other disorders. The present study deals with the therapeutic uses of 63 plants used by the Tharus of the Nainital district, U.P., in health care. Local names, preparation of ethnomedicine, dosage and mode of administration have been provided by selected informants and experienced medicine men. The study has provided some interesting data concerning medicinal plants which may enable phytochemists and pharmacologists to determine their true therapeutic properties.

goil-Plant -Atmosph erc-Watcr (S PAW) model has been applied 10 sim ula te soil-moistureprofiles for .... hea l in Delhi. Prescr ibed Inrorrnation on wheat growt h characteristics and soils alongwit h dailymeteorological data on evaporation an d rainfall were used to estima te soil- moi sture 31 a locat ion in Delhi for I Iyear s. Soil moisture simulations from model runs of consecu tive f,."T"0P seasons from 1979-80 10 1989-90 were infa vourable agreement with the gravimetrically measured obse rved dat a. Comparisons were also made for themo del gene rat ed eva pot ra nspi rat ion values. Ccrrcla tionv between observed a nd simu la ted soil-moisture in tho:different layers ra nged from 0 .7 to 0.85 for the tl -year period . Similarl y. integrated co lumn moisture amountsduring d iffe rent stage; of the crop also sho wed sign ificant cor rela tio ns ra nging from 0 .4 to 0 .8 . The model exhibitsa tendency to syste-n nicall v over estimate soil-moist ure du ring the final stage s of crop. possibly due I,)im perfections in in put . model a rt ifacts an~ observationa l ina deq uaci es. H ONe..-er-. the overall ability of the modelto rep roduce obser ved changes m soil-moisture for activ ely growing wheat crop In Indian con ditions, underlinesito; uti lity.

In this paper we discuss, production, characterization and in-vivo evaluation of nevirapine nanosuspensions. Laser diffraction showed that the average particles size was 457 nm. Following single-dose administration, the plasma gamma concentration profiles showed fast release. Macrophage uptake studies confirmed enhanced cellular uptake for nanonized nevirapine with no added cytotoxicity. Gamma scintigraphy showed that the nanosuspension prepared can be used to target spleen, thymus and lungs, which represent anatomical viral reservoirs. Thus nevirapine nanosuspensions with targeting potential have been prepared successfully.

The main objective of present research study was to evaluate the potential of lipid nanoparticles for active delivery of an antiretroviral drug to lymphatic tissues. Stavudine entrapped drug loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were prepared and characterized for a variety of physicochemical parameters such as appearance, particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential. The targeting potential of the prepared nanoparticles was investigated by carrying out ex vivo cellular uptake studies in macrophages which depicted several times enhanced uptake as compared to pure drug solution. Further, the lymphatic drug levels and organ distribution studies demonstrated efficiency of the developed nanoparticles for prolonged residence in spleenic tissues. Thus it was concluded that stavudine entrapped lipid carriers can be exploited for effective and targeted delivery to cellular and anatomical HIV reservoirs and may ultimately increase the therapeutic safety and reduce side effects.

Disposition kinetics of levofloxacin was investigated after single dose intravenous administration at the dose of 10 mg/kg in six healthy and six mastitic Black Bengal lactating goats. Mastitis was induced in goats by coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus . The maximum milk concentration was higher in mastitic goats (17.01 ± 0.67 μg/ ml) as compared to healthy (14.75 ± 0.95 μg/ml). The therapeutic milk concentration in mastitic goats (0.10 ± 0.00 to 16.61 ± 0.70 μg/ml) was maintained for 48 h, which was significantly longer than healthy goats (36 h). The t ½ β in plasma (5.08 ± 0.18 h) and milk (7.28 ± 0.09 h) of mastitic goats were significantly longer than healthy goats (4.04 ± 0.24 and 4.16 ± 0.76 h). The total body clearence in plasma of healthy goats (5.64 ± 0.78 ml/kg/min) was almost similar to mastitic goats (5.82 ± 0.44 ml/kg/min). The AUC milk /AUC plasma ratio (3.36) in mastitic goats indicated extensive penetration of levofloxacin from plasma to milk. The t 1/2 milk /t 1/2 plasma ratio was 1.43. The AUC/MIC ratio in plasma and milk of mastitic goats were 296 and 1014 respectively. Based on the plasma kinetic parameters, it was concluded that levofloxacin may be used for treatment of mastitis in goats.

This paper is an empirical case study to predict or estimate the performance and variability of same type software frameworks used for web application development. First we explore and analyze (Web Applications) PHP and ASP.NET considering quality attributes. Second we develop two same web applications i.e. Online Book’s Mart (Web applications to purchase books online) in PHP and ASP.NET. Finally we conduct automated testing to determine and analyze application’s performance. Software architecture, CSS, database design, database constraints were tried to keep simple and same for both applications i.e. Applications developed in PHP and ASP.NET. This similarity helps to establish realistic comparison of applications performance and variability. The application’s performance and variability is measured with help of automated scripts.

Climate change is one of the most important global environmental challenges, with implications for food production and sustainability at global and national level. Therefore, question arises, how can productivity be increased while ensuring the sustainability of agriculture and the environment for future generations? Decision makers need information supplied by research to make informed choices about new agricultural technologies and to devise and implement policies to enhance food production and sustainability. Simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate growth and yield attributes of wheat genotypes under timely and late sown conditions in diverse environments in wheat growing regions of India using Dynamic Crop Growth Model i.e. DSSAT v4.5 Results indicate that the anthesis and maturity period generally varied by 2–14% and 2–10% in different genotypes under study in recent years. Grain number and yield of different cultivars generally varied between 4–27% and 6–26%, respectively.

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAG gene encodes a 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase that protects cells from killing by alkylating agents. MAG mRNA levels are induced not only by alkylating agents but also by DNA-damaging agents that do not produce alkylated DNA. We constructed a MAG-lacZ gene fusion to help identify the cis-acting promoter elements involved in regulating MAG expression. Deletion analysis defined the presence of one upstream activating sequence and one upstream repressing sequence (URS) and suggested the presence of a second URS. One of the MAG URS elements matches a decamer consensus sequence present in the promoters of 11 other S. cerevisiae DNA repair and metabolism genes, including the MGT1 gene, which encodes an O6-methylguanine DNA repair methyltransferase. Two proteins of 26 and 39 kDa bind specifically to the MAG and MGT1 URS elements. We suggest that the URS-binding proteins may play an important role in the coordinate regulation of these S. cerevisiae DNA repair genes.