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1,530 results on '"Joshi, P. K."'

305. Analyzing the long-term variability and trend of aridity in India using non-parametric approach.

Author

Choudhary, Akshita, Mahato, Susanta, Roy, P. S., Pandey, Deep Narayan, and Joshi, P. K.

Subjects
ARTIFICIAL intelligence, WATER use, CLIMATE change, LAND management, LAND use, ARID regions, COUNTRIES
Abstract

Aridity is a climatic phenomenon characterized by shortage of water availability in a given time and space resulting in low moisture and reduced carrying capacity of ecosystems. It is represented by a numerical indicator known as Aridity Index (AI), a function of rainfall and temperature. Aridification is a slow and steady effect of climate change and assessing its spread and change is vital in context of global climatic variations. Aridity is predominantly significant for agrarian countries like India, where a slight rise in drylands area can have a significant impact on the economy and community sustenance. AI is an inclusive indicator of climatic conditions in most arid and semi-arid regions. It helps in identifying and interpreting large scale trend in temperature and precipitation; and thus, classifying region into different climatic classes. The present study assessed long-term AI based on precipitation and temperature data obtained from the India Meteorological Department at the resolution of 1 × 1 degree for years 1969–2017. AI is estimated as a ratio of mean precipitation to mean potential evapotranspiration, calculated using Thornthwaite method. The results highlight the trend of aridity over pan-India with Innovative Trend Analysis and Mann–Kendall test. The study concludes that there is a relatively slow, however steadily progressive drier conditions being established in most of the regions. A shift from 'Semi-arid' towards 'Arid' class appeared in central mainland. The north-eastern Himalaya showed decrease in humid conditions ('Humid' to 'Sub-humid'). The study implies that there is a rising aridity trend over the years due to changing climatic conditions. The shifts in aridity can have serious implications on agriculture, long-term water resource utilization and land use management plans. Our results have scope for future landscape management studies in drylands and better adaptation methods in arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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306. Comprehensive Drought Vulnerability Assessment in Northwestern Odisha: A Fuzzy Logic and Analytical Hierarchy Process Integration Approach.

Author

Mahato, Susanta, Mandal, Gita, Kundu, Barnali, Kundu, Sonali, Joshi, P. K., and Kumar, Pankaj

Subjects
ANALYTIC hierarchy process, DROUGHT management, FUZZY logic, STANDARD deviations, DROUGHT forecasting, DROUGHTS
Abstract

Crafting a comprehensive strategy to mitigate the impact of droughts, a complex geo-hazard profoundly affecting socio-economic aspects, entails the creation of a drought vulnerability map as a primary step. This study harmonizes geospatial techniques and the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (fuzzy AHP) to formulate such a map for northwestern Odisha, India. From six principal drought-induced vulnerability parameters, namely physical attributes, water demand and usage, agriculture, land use, groundwater and population/development, 22 sub-parameters were selected. Spatial layers were generated for each sub-parameter, followed by their fuzzification using a fuzzy membership approach. Subsequently, AHP was employed to establish parameter weights through pair-wise comparisons. By applying the weighted overlay method, drought vulnerability maps were generated, classifying regions into five vulnerability levels: very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The outcomes indicate that roughly 33% of the area is classified as having high drought vulnerability. Validation of the approach using statistical metrics, including accuracy, root mean square error and mean absolute error, demonstrates its efficacy in gauging drought vulnerability, thereby aiding planners in devising effective drought mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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307. GWAS and colocalization analyses implicate carotid intima-media thickness and carotid plaque loci in cardiovascular outcomes

Author

Franceschini, Nora, Giambartolomei, Claudia, de Vries, Paul S., Finan, Chris, Bis, Joshua C., Huntley, Rachael P., Lovering, Ruth C., Tajuddin, Salman M., Winkler, Thomas W., Graff, Misa, Kavousi, Maryam, Dale, Caroline, Smith, Albert V., Hofer, Edith, van Leeuwen, Elisabeth M., Nolte, Ilja M., Lu, Lingyi, Scholz, Markus, Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Pitkänen, Niina, Franzén, Oscar, Joshi, Peter K., Noordam, Raymond, Marioni, Riccardo E., Hwang, Shih-Jen, Musani, Solomon K., Schminke, Ulf, Palmas, Walter, Isaacs, Aaron, Correa, Adolfo, Zonderman, Alan B., Hofman, Albert, Teumer, Alexander, Cox, Amanda J., Uitterlinden, André G., Wong, Andrew, Smit, Andries J., Newman, Anne B., Britton, Annie, Ruusalepp, Arno, Sennblad, Bengt, Hedblad, Bo, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Penninx, Brenda W., Langefeld, Carl D., Wassel, Christina L., Tzourio, Christophe, Fava, Cristiano, Baldassarre, Damiano, O’Leary, Daniel H., Teupser, Daniel, Kuh, Diana, Tremoli, Elena, Mannarino, Elmo, Grossi, Enzo, Boerwinkle, Eric, Schadt, Eric E., Ingelsson, Erik, Veglia, Fabrizio, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Beutner, Frank, Chauhan, Ganesh, Heiss, Gerardo, Snieder, Harold, Campbell, Harry, Völzke, Henry, Markus, Hugh S., Deary, Ian J., Jukema, J. Wouter, de Graaf, Jacqueline, Price, Jacqueline, Pott, Janne, Hopewell, Jemma C., Liang, Jingjing, Thiery, Joachim, Engmann, Jorgen, Gertow, Karl, Rice, Kenneth, Taylor, Kent D., Dhana, Klodian, Kiemeney, Lambertus A. L. M., Lind, Lars, Raffield, Laura M., Launer, Lenore J., Holdt, Lesca M., Dörr, Marcus, Dichgans, Martin, Traylor, Matthew, Sitzer, Matthias, Kumari, Meena, Kivimaki, Mika, Nalls, Mike A., Melander, Olle, Raitakari, Olli, Franco, Oscar H., Rueda-Ochoa, Oscar L., Roussos, Panos, Whincup, Peter H., Amouyel, Philippe, Giral, Philippe, Anugu, Pramod, Wong, Quenna, Malik, Rainer, Rauramaa, Rainer, Burkhardt, Ralph, Hardy, Rebecca, Schmidt, Reinhold, de Mutsert, Renée, Morris, Richard W., Strawbridge, Rona J., Wannamethee, S. Goya, Hägg, Sara, Shah, Sonia, McLachlan, Stela, Trompet, Stella, Seshadri, Sudha, Kurl, Sudhir, Heckbert, Susan R., Ring, Susan, Harris, Tamara B., Lehtimäki, Terho, Galesloot, Tessel E., Shah, Tina, de Faire, Ulf, Plagnol, Vincent, Rosamond, Wayne D., Post, Wendy, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Zhang, Xiaoling, Guo, Xiuqing, Saba, Yasaman, MEGASTROKE Consortium, Dehghan, Abbas, Seldenrijk, Adrie, Morrison, Alanna C., Hamsten, Anders, Psaty, Bruce M., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Lawlor, Deborah A., Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Bowden, Donald W., Schmidt, Helena, Wilson, James F., Wilson, James G., Rotter, Jerome I., Wardlaw, Joanna M., Deanfield, John, Halcox, Julian, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Loeffler, Markus, Evans, Michele K., Debette, Stéphanie, Humphries, Steve E., Völker, Uwe, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hingorani, Aroon D., Björkegren, Johan L. M., Casas, Juan P., and O’Donnell, Christopher J.

Published
2018
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308. Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function

Author

Davies, Gail, Lam, Max, Harris, Sarah E., Trampush, Joey W., Luciano, Michelle, Hill, W. David, Hagenaars, Saskia P., Ritchie, Stuart J., Marioni, Riccardo E., Fawns-Ritchie, Chloe, Liewald, David C. M., Okely, Judith A., Ahola-Olli, Ari V., Barnes, Catriona L. K., Bertram, Lars, Bis, Joshua C., Burdick, Katherine E., Christoforou, Andrea, DeRosse, Pamela, Djurovic, Srdjan, Espeseth, Thomas, Giakoumaki, Stella, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Gustavson, Daniel E., Hayward, Caroline, Hofer, Edith, Ikram, M. Arfan, Karlsson, Robert, Knowles, Emma, Lahti, Jari, Leber, Markus, Li, Shuo, Mather, Karen A., Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Oldmeadow, Christopher, Palviainen, Teemu, Payton, Antony, Pazoki, Raha, Petrovic, Katja, Reynolds, Chandra A., Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, Scholz, Markus, Smith, Jennifer A., Smith, Albert V., Terzikhan, Natalie, Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Trompet, Stella, van der Lee, Sven J., Ware, Erin B., Windham, B. Gwen, Wright, Margaret J., Yang, Jingyun, Yu, Jin, Ames, David, Amin, Najaf, Amouyel, Philippe, Andreassen, Ole A., Armstrong, Nicola J., Assareh, Amelia A., Attia, John R., Attix, Deborah, Avramopoulos, Dimitrios, Bennett, David A., Böhmer, Anne C., Boyle, Patricia A., Brodaty, Henry, Campbell, Harry, Cannon, Tyrone D., Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Congdon, Eliza, Conley, Emily Drabant, Corley, Janie, Cox, Simon R., Dale, Anders M., Dehghan, Abbas, Dick, Danielle, Dickinson, Dwight, Eriksson, Johan G., Evangelou, Evangelos, Faul, Jessica D., Ford, Ian, Freimer, Nelson A., Gao, He, Giegling, Ina, Gillespie, Nathan A., Gordon, Scott D., Gottesman, Rebecca F., Griswold, Michael E., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Harris, Tamara B., Hartmann, Annette M., Hatzimanolis, Alex, Heiss, Gerardo, Holliday, Elizabeth G., Joshi, Peter K., Kähönen, Mika, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Karlsson, Ida, Kleineidam, Luca, Knopman, David S., Kochan, Nicole A., Konte, Bettina, Kwok, John B., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Lee, Teresa, Lehtimäki, Terho, Li, Shu-Chen, Lill, Christina M., Liu, Tian, Koini, Marisa, London, Edythe, Longstreth, Jr, Will T., Lopez, Oscar L., Loukola, Anu, Luck, Tobias, Lundervold, Astri J., Lundquist, Anders, Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Murray, Alison D., Need, Anna C., Noordam, Raymond, Nyberg, Lars, Ollier, William, Papenberg, Goran, Pattie, Alison, Polasek, Ozren, Poldrack, Russell A., Psaty, Bruce M., Reppermund, Simone, Riedel-Heller, Steffi G., Rose, Richard J., Rotter, Jerome I., Roussos, Panos, Rovio, Suvi P., Saba, Yasaman, Sabb, Fred W., Sachdev, Perminder S., Satizabal, Claudia L., Schmid, Matthias, Scott, Rodney J., Scult, Matthew A., Simino, Jeannette, Slagboom, P. Eline, Smyrnis, Nikolaos, Soumaré, Aïcha, Stefanis, Nikos C., Stott, David J., Straub, Richard E., Sundet, Kjetil, Taylor, Adele M., Taylor, Kent D., Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Tzourio, Christophe, Uitterlinden, André, Vitart, Veronique, Voineskos, Aristotle N., Kaprio, Jaakko, Wagner, Michael, Wagner, Holger, Weinhold, Leonie, Wen, K. Hoyan, Widen, Elisabeth, Yang, Qiong, Zhao, Wei, Adams, Hieab H. H., Arking, Dan E., Bilder, Robert M., Bitsios, Panos, Boerwinkle, Eric, Chiba-Falek, Ornit, Corvin, Aiden, De Jager, Philip L., Debette, Stéphanie, Donohoe, Gary, Elliott, Paul, Fitzpatrick, Annette L., Gill, Michael, Glahn, David C., Hägg, Sara, Hansell, Narelle K., Hariri, Ahmad R., Ikram, M. Kamran, Jukema, J. Wouter, Vuoksimaa, Eero, Keller, Matthew C., Kremen, William S., Launer, Lenore, Lindenberger, Ulman, Palotie, Aarno, Pedersen, Nancy L., Pendleton, Neil, Porteous, David J., Räikkönen, Katri, Raitakari, Olli T., Ramirez, Alfredo, Reinvang, Ivar, Rudan, Igor, Dan Rujescu, Schmidt, Reinhold, Schmidt, Helena, Schofield, Peter W., Schofield, Peter R., Starr, John M., Steen, Vidar M., Trollor, Julian N., Turner, Steven T., Van Duijn, Cornelia M., Villringer, Arno, Weinberger, Daniel R., Weir, David R., Wilson, James F., Malhotra, Anil, McIntosh, Andrew M., Gale, Catharine R., Seshadri, Sudha, Mosley, Jr, Thomas H., Bressler, Jan, Lencz, Todd, and Deary, Ian J.

Published
2018
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309. Perinatal morbidity among women with a previous caesarean delivery (PRISMA trial): a cluster-randomised trial

Author

Chaillet, Nils, Mâsse, Benoît, Grobman, William A, Shorten, Allison, Gauthier, Robert, Rozenberg, Patrick, Dugas, Marylène, Pasquier, Jean-Charles, Audibert, François, Abenhaim, Haim A, Demers, Suzanne, Piedboeuf, Bruno, Fraser, William D, Gagnon, Robert, Gagné, Guy-Paul, Francoeur, Diane, Girard, Isabelle, Duperron, Louise, Bédard, Marie-Josée, Johri, Mira, Dubé, Eric, Blouin, Simon, Ducruet, Thierry, Girard, Mario, Bujold, Emmanuel, Chaillet, Nils, Mâsse, Benoît, Grobman, William A, Shorten, Allison, Gauthier, Robert, Rozenberg, Patrick, Dugas, Marylène, Pasquier, Jean-Charles, Audibert, François, Abenhaim, Haim A, Demers, Suzanne, Piedboeuf, Bruno, Fraser, William D, Gagnon, Robert, Gagné, Guy-Paul, Francoeur, Diane, Girard, Isabelle, Duperron, Louise, Bédard, Marie-Josée, Johri, Mira, Dubé, Eric, Blouin, Simon, Ducruet, Thierry, Girard, Mario, Bujold, Emmanuel, Roy, Chantal, Mailhot, Josée, Samson, Anne, Bordeleau, Cathie, Aboulfadl, Siham, Nadeau, Gabrielle, Arpin, Catherine, Trudeau, Angèle, Champagne, Eugénie, Cassivi, Margaux, Rajaobelison, Gentiane, Marsan, Francine, Brière, Cristelle, Gimeno, Ana Gil, Platt, Robert, Liu, Shiliang, Althabe, Fernando, Champagne, François, Blake, Jennifer, Gagnon, Andrée, Dart, Kim, Ciofani, Luisa, Laurent, Marie-Eve St, Riverin, Daniel, Joshi, Arvind K, Lévesque, Isabelle, Mailloux, Jacques, Beaudoin, François, Monnier, Patricia, Tordjman, Laurent, Bédard, Natacha, Dorval, Gaston, Carpentier, Caroline, Lemieux, Réjean, Roberge, Suzanne, Simard, Martine, Bedrossain, Roupen, Landry, Gérard, Perreault, Gilles, Aubé, Marie-Hélène, Bibeau, Jean-Guy, Desautels, Pascale, Paradis, Eric, Hébert, Josée, Beaumont, Marie-Claude, Gaudet, Pascale, Turbide, Manon, Hétu, Valérie, Major, Brigitte, Carette, Marie-Eve, Dupont-Chalaoui, Katrie, Blais, Francine, Garcia, Dario, Gervaise, Amélie, Poungui, Lionel, Boily, Nathalie, Dubois, Emmanuelle, Hamel, Annick, Isoard, Lionel-André, Leduc-Arbour, Nathaël, Montini, Alexandre, Bossé, Stéphanie, Faucher, Elise, Gravel, Serge, Poirier, Isabelle, Hemmings, Robert, Saxon, Daniel, Engel, Francis, Goyet, Martine, Cantin, Jérôme, Charest, Nicole, Gervais, Carolyne, Malenfant, Sylvain, Raymond, Chantal, St-Pierre, Luc, Lemieux, Marie-Claude, Torjman, Laurent, Labelle, Geneviève, Waddell, Guy, Miner, Louise, Tulandi, Togas, Gagnon, Sonia, Fisch, Patricia, Gagné, Suzanne, Gagné, Alexandra, Guérin, Pascale, and Laforge, Marlène

Abstract

Women with a previous caesarean delivery face a difficult choice in their next pregnancy: planning another caesarean or attempting vaginal delivery, both of which are associated with potential maternal and perinatal complications. This trial aimed to assess whether a multifaceted intervention, which promoted person-centred decision making and best practices, would reduce the risk of major perinatal morbidity among women with one previous caesarean delivery.

Published
2024
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310. Phenotyping and breeding strategies for incorporating BNI trait in wheat varieties

Author

Mishra, Chandra Nath, Sharma, Swati, Pawar, Sushma Kumari, Sabhyata, Mukesh, Kumar, Amit, Kumar, Satish, Mamrutha, H. M., Tyagi, B. S., Singh, G. P., Singh, Gyanendra, Joshi, Arun K., and Tiwari, Ratan

Abstract

The biological nitrification inhibitor trait (BNI) inhibits nitrification activity, which enhances uptake of nitrogen and improves assimilation of ammonium in wheat. Three wheat genotypes with the BNI trait, as well as commercial cultivars DBW187, DBW303, and DBW371, were assessed for various agro-morphological traits at 0%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended nitrogenous fertilizer. It was observed that traits such as spike length, length and width of flag leaf, biomass, harvest index, protein composition and grain yield, and nitrogen balance index (NBI) significantly decreased at lower nitrogen levels. The NBI, in conjunction with these traits, could be utilized to identify desirable plant types in the subsequent generations under low nitrogen conditions. The initial five principal components were found to account for 90.6% of the variability in the principal component analysis. The genotype by trait biplot’s polygonal view revealed that NBI has a higher impact on BNI-derived lines. Following the assessment, BNI-Munal was recognized as a promising parent for integrating the BNI trait into the released varieties (DBW187, DBW222, DBW252, DBW110, and DBW303) used in the crossing programme. Several promising lines were identified in the F4generation grown with 50% of the recommended nitrogen dose using the genome-specific molecular marker 24_s81287. Additionally, a breeding strategy is proposed to incorporate the BNI trait, aiming to reduce the nitrogen requirement of wheat crops.

Published
2024
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311. Assessing food and nutrition security in Nepal: evidence from diet diversity and food expenditure patterns

Author

Kumar, Anjani, Thapa, Ganesh, Mishra, Ashok K., and Joshi, P. K.

Abstract

The widespread prevalence of nutrient deficiency and poor nutritional outcomes has been a significant concern in developing and emerging countries like Nepal. The level of diversity in household diets is an indirect measure of diet quality and the extent to which nutritional needs of households are being met. However, there is a limited understanding on the trends, patterns and determinants of the dietary diversity in Nepal. This study is an attempt to enrich the literature on this issue. Based on unit level data from three rounds (1995, 2004, and 2011) of the Nepal Living Standard Survey (NLSS), we used multilevel modeling, quantile regression, and the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition method to decipher the trends, determinants and drivers of dietary diversity in Nepal. Our study finds that the changes in household socio-demographic and agricultural characteristics are very important in explaining the improvement in dietary quality. Changes in household characteristics account for at least 37% of the observed improvement and agriculture-related changes explain at least 16% of the observed improvement. Our findings are highly robust across the different model specifications and concludes by bringing a focus on multi-sectoral approach to tackle nutrition issues in Nepal.

Published
2024
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312. Understanding the genetic complexity of puberty timing across the allele frequency spectrum

Author

Kentistou, Katherine A., Kaisinger, Lena R., Stankovic, Stasa, Vaudel, Marc, Mendes de Oliveira, Edson, Messina, Andrea, Walters, Robin G., Liu, Xiaoxi, Busch, Alexander S., Helgason, Hannes, Thompson, Deborah J., Santoni, Federico, Petricek, Konstantin M., Zouaghi, Yassine, Huang-Doran, Isabel, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Bratland, Eirik, Lin, Kuang, Gardner, Eugene J., Zhao, Yajie, Jia, Raina Y., Terao, Chikashi, Riggan, Marjorie J., Bolla, Manjeet K., Yazdanpanah, Mojgan, Yazdanpanah, Nahid, Bradfield, Jonathan P., Broer, Linda, Campbell, Archie, Chasman, Daniel I., Cousminer, Diana L., Franceschini, Nora, Franke, Lude H., Girotto, Giorgia, He, Chunyan, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Joshi, Peter K., Kamatani, Yoichiro, Karlsson, Robert, Luan, Jian’an, Lunetta, Kathryn L., Mägi, Reedik, Mangino, Massimo, Medland, Sarah E., Meisinger, Christa, Noordam, Raymond, Nutile, Teresa, Concas, Maria Pina, Polašek, Ozren, Porcu, Eleonora, Ring, Susan M., Sala, Cinzia, Smith, Albert V., Tanaka, Toshiko, van der Most, Peter J., Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Carol A., Willemsen, Gonneke, Zygmunt, Marek, Ahearn, Thomas U., Andrulis, Irene L., Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antoniou, Antonis C., Auer, Paul L., Barnes, Catriona L. K., Beckmann, Matthias W., Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy, Bogdanova, Natalia V., Bojesen, Stig E., Brenner, Hermann, Buring, Julie E., Canzian, Federico, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Couch, Fergus J., Cox, Angela, Crisponi, Laura, Czene, Kamila, Daly, Mary B., Demerath, Ellen W., Dennis, Joe, Devilee, Peter, De Vivo, Immaculata, Dörk, Thilo, Dunning, Alison M., Dwek, Miriam, Eriksson, Johan G., Fasching, Peter A., Fernandez-Rhodes, Lindsay, Ferreli, Liana, Fletcher, Olivia, Gago-Dominguez, Manuela, García-Closas, Montserrat, García-Sáenz, José A., González-Neira, Anna, Grallert, Harald, Guénel, Pascal, Haiman, Christopher A., Hall, Per, Hamann, Ute, Hakonarson, Hakon, Hart, Roger J., Hickey, Martha, Hooning, Maartje J., Hoppe, Reiner, Hopper, John L., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Hu, Frank B., Huebner, Hanna, Hunter, David J., Jernström, Helena, John, Esther M., Karasik, David, Khusnutdinova, Elza K., Kristensen, Vessela N., Lacey, James V., Lambrechts, Diether, Launer, Lenore J., Lind, Penelope A., Lindblom, Annika, Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Mannermaa, Arto, McCarthy, Mark I., Meitinger, Thomas, Menni, Cristina, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Millwood, Iona Y., Milne, Roger L., Montgomery, Grant W., Nevanlinna, Heli, Nolte, Ilja M., Nyholt, Dale R., Obi, Nadia, O’Brien, Katie M., Offit, Kenneth, Oldehinkel, Albertine J., Ostrowski, Sisse R., Palotie, Aarno, Pedersen, Ole B., Peters, Annette, Pianigiani, Giulia, Plaseska-Karanfilska, Dijana, Pouta, Anneli, Pozarickij, Alfred, Radice, Paolo, Rennert, Gad, Rosendaal, Frits R., Ruggiero, Daniela, Saloustros, Emmanouil, Sandler, Dale P., Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Marjanka K., Small, Kerrin, Spedicati, Beatrice, Stampfer, Meir, Stone, Jennifer, Tamimi, Rulla M., Teras, Lauren R., Tikkanen, Emmi, Turman, Constance, Vachon, Celine M., Wang, Qin, Winqvist, Robert, Wolk, Alicja, Zemel, Babette S., Zheng, Wei, van Dijk, Ko W., Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Bandinelli, Stefania, Boerwinkle, Eric, Boomsma, Dorret I., Ciullo, Marina, Chenevix-Trench, Georgia, Cucca, Francesco, Esko, Tõnu, Gieger, Christian, Grant, Struan F. A., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hayward, Caroline, Kolčić, Ivana, Kraft, Peter, Lawlor, Deborah A., Martin, Nicholas G., Nøhr, Ellen A., Pedersen, Nancy L., Pennell, Craig E., Ridker, Paul M., Robino, Antonietta, Snieder, Harold, Sovio, Ulla, Spector, Tim D., Stöckl, Doris, Sudlow, Cathie, Timpson, Nic J., Toniolo, Daniela, Uitterlinden, André, Ulivi, Sheila, Völzke, Henry, Wareham, Nicholas J., Widen, Elisabeth, Wilson, James F., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Li, Liming, Easton, Douglas F., Njølstad, Pål R., Sulem, Patrick, Murabito, Joanne M., Murray, Anna, Manousaki, Despoina, Juul, Anders, Erikstrup, Christian, Stefansson, Kari, Horikoshi, Momoko, Chen, Zhengming, Farooqi, I. Sadaf, Pitteloud, Nelly, Johansson, Stefan, Day, Felix R., Perry, John R. B., and Ong, Ken K.

Abstract

Pubertal timing varies considerably and is associated with later health outcomes. We performed multi-ancestry genetic analyses on ~800,000 women, identifying 1,080 signals for age at menarche. Collectively, these explained 11% of trait variance in an independent sample. Women at the top and bottom 1% of polygenic risk exhibited ~11 and ~14-fold higher risks of delayed and precocious puberty, respectively. We identified several genes harboring rare loss-of-function variants in ~200,000 women, including variants in ZNF483, which abolished the impact of polygenic risk. Variant-to-gene mapping approaches and mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron RNA sequencing implicated 665 genes, including an uncharacterized G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR83, which amplified the signaling of MC3R, a key nutritional sensor. Shared signals with menopause timing at genes involved in DNA damage response suggest that the ovarian reserve might signal centrally to trigger puberty. We also highlight body size-dependent and independent mechanisms that potentially link reproductive timing to later life disease.

Published
2024
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313. Using fuzzy logic to predict the influence of the tool shoulder geometry of friction stir welded Al 6082 T6 alloy

Author

Qureshi, Mohamed Rafik Noor Mohamed, Vyas, Dhairya, Joshi, Saumil K., and Qureshi, Karishma M.

Abstract

Friction stir welding (FSW) and its variants are important welding processes in many industries, including aerospace, railway, robotics and computers. Since welding plays a vital role in enhancing production and productivity, the effect of tool shoulder geometry on weld quality must be investigated. The weld quality is affected by tool geometry, welding speed, tool traverse speed, tool inclination angle, and so on. Consequently, the interaction of such parameters influences the weld quality, which becomes difficult to predict. In this research, welding was performed on Al 6082 T6 alloy using two separate shoulder geometries (raised and recessed shoulder) at three different welding rates and tool transverse speeds. Further, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the microhardness of the material were used in weld quality evaluation. Two adaptive network-based fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) were used to train and evaluate the UTS and microhardness, respectively. The Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system was used to find the effect of tool shoulder geometry on the weld quality.

Published
2024
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314. Genome-wide characterization of circulating metabolic biomarkers

Author

Karjalainen, Minna K., Karthikeyan, Savita, Oliver-Williams, Clare, Sliz, Eeva, Allara, Elias, Fung, Wing Tung, Surendran, Praveen, Zhang, Weihua, Jousilahti, Pekka, Kristiansson, Kati, Salomaa, Veikko, Goodwin, Matt, Hughes, David A., Boehnke, Michael, Fernandes Silva, Lilian, Yin, Xianyong, Mahajan, Anubha, Neville, Matt J., van Zuydam, Natalie R., de Mutsert, Renée, Li-Gao, Ruifang, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., Demirkan, Ayse, Liu, Jun, Noordam, Raymond, Trompet, Stella, Chen, Zhengming, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Li, Liming, Lin, Kuang, Hagenbeek, Fiona A., Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Pool, René, Ikram, M. Arfan, van Meurs, Joyce, Haller, Toomas, Milaneschi, Yuri, Kähönen, Mika, Mishra, Pashupati P., Joshi, Peter K., Macdonald-Dunlop, Erin, Mangino, Massimo, Zierer, Jonas, Acar, Ilhan E., Hoyng, Carel B., Lechanteur, Yara T. E., Franke, Lude, Kurilshikov, Alexander, Zhernakova, Alexandra, Beekman, Marian, van den Akker, Erik B., Kolcic, Ivana, Polasek, Ozren, Rudan, Igor, Gieger, Christian, Waldenberger, Melanie, Asselbergs, Folkert W., Hayward, Caroline, Fu, Jingyuan, den Hollander, Anneke I., Menni, Cristina, Spector, Tim D., Wilson, James F., Lehtimäki, Terho, Raitakari, Olli T., Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Esko, Tonu, Walters, Robin G., Jukema, J. Wouter, Sattar, Naveed, Ghanbari, Mohsen, Willems van Dijk, Ko, Karpe, Fredrik, McCarthy, Mark I., Laakso, Markku, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Timpson, Nicholas J., Perola, Markus, Kooner, Jaspal S., Chambers, John C., van Duijn, Cornelia, Slagboom, P. Eline, Boomsma, Dorret I., Danesh, John, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Butterworth, Adam S., and Kettunen, Johannes

Abstract

Genome-wide association analyses using high-throughput metabolomics platforms have led to novel insights into the biology of human metabolism1–7. This detailed knowledge of the genetic determinants of systemic metabolism has been pivotal for uncovering how genetic pathways influence biological mechanisms and complex diseases8–11. Here we present a genome-wide association study for 233 circulating metabolic traits quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in up to 136,016 participants from 33 cohorts. We identify more than 400 independent loci and assign probable causal genes at two-thirds of these using manual curation of plausible biological candidates. We highlight the importance of sample and participant characteristics that can have significant effects on genetic associations. We use detailed metabolic profiling of lipoprotein- and lipid-associated variants to better characterize how known lipid loci and novel loci affect lipoprotein metabolism at a granular level. We demonstrate the translational utility of comprehensively phenotyped molecular data, characterizing the metabolic associations of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Finally, we observe substantial genetic pleiotropy for multiple metabolic pathways and illustrate the importance of careful instrument selection in Mendelian randomization analysis, revealing a putative causal relationship between acetone and hypertension. Our publicly available results provide a foundational resource for the community to examine the role of metabolism across diverse diseases.

Published
2024
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315. The role of information infrastructure for climate change adaptation in the socio-ecological system of the Central Himalaya: availability, utility, and gaps

Author

Kumar, Praveen, Pandey, Rajiv, Fürst, Christine, and Joshi, P. K.

Abstract

The present study intends to understand and disclose the role of information infrastructure in climate change adaptation and its underlying barriers in the communities of socio-ecological system (SES) in the Central Himalaya. The study makes use of primary data in its research methodology which comprises the use of questionnaires, oral interviews, and review of relevant literature. The data were collected using a questionnaire-based survey from 85 households in 11 villages. The study results show that road accessibility and irrigation facilities remarkably influence the educational, professional, and economic conditions of the communities. The research reveals how the flow of information through television, newspapers, village elders, and mobile phones influences perceptions of climate change in a different order. Information infrastructure availability is higher with the communities having access to the road network and irrigation facilities. The study concludes that in SES a good information infrastructure is highly relevant for reducing the current and future vulnerability of SESs to climate change. The study also provides recommendations for the dissemination of information on climate adaptation that suit the needs and demands of the Himalayan SESs and thus could help to close existing information gaps and barriers.

Published
2024
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316. Socio-Environmental Vulnerability of Agriculture Communities to Climate Change in Western Himalaya: A Household-Level Review

Author

Chauhan, Neha, von Wehrden, Henrik, Joshi, P. K., Sajjad, Haroon, Siddiqui, Lubna, Rahman, Atiqur, Tahir, Mary, and Ahsan Siddiqui, Masood

Subjects
Transdisciplinary studies
Abstract

Himalayan agriculture households face an increased risk of vulnerability due to its harsh intrinsic social and environmental factors. And the changing climatic conditions are further enhancing the vulnerability of these systems. To improve adaptation strategies and policy formulation, the impact of climate change on a household level needs to be accessed. However, comprehending the role of social and environmental factors in vulnerability assessments to climate change has received little attention on a household level. To integrate the knowledge available in the scientific literature, we performed a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature available on household vulnerability assessment (n = 21, focusing on research conducted in the Himalayas region). We evaluated the available literature according to (1) bibliometric features of selected studies and (2) the dynamic of vulnerability assessment. Most of the articles reviewed by us assessed vulnerability utilizing statistical assessment methods. The number of studies incorporating both social and environmental aspects has increased in recent years. Almost 50% of the studies focused on a single stressor, i.e., climate change for vulnerability. Holistic approaches and multi-level assessment are mostly lacking, as studied to combinedly assess both social and environmental factors.

Published
2022
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322. Exploring large-scale entanglement in quantum simulation

Author

Joshi, Manoj K., Kokail, Christian, van Bijnen, Rick, Kranzl, Florian, Zache, Torsten V., Blatt, Rainer, Roos, Christian F., and Zoller, Peter

Abstract

Entanglement is a distinguishing feature of quantum many-body systems, and uncovering the entanglement structure for large particle numbers in quantum simulation experiments is a fundamental challenge in quantum information science1. Here we perform experimental investigations of entanglement on the basis of the entanglement Hamiltonian (EH)2as an effective description of the reduced density operator for large subsystems. We prepare ground and excited states of a one-dimensional XXZ Heisenberg chain on a 51-ion programmable quantum simulator3and perform sample-efficient ‘learning’ of the EH for subsystems of up to 20 lattice sites4. Our experiments provide compelling evidence for a local structure of the EH. To our knowledge, this observation marks the first instance of confirming the fundamental predictions of quantum field theory by Bisognano and Wichmann5,6, adapted to lattice models that represent correlated quantum matter. The reduced state takes the form of a Gibbs ensemble, with a spatially varying temperature profile as a signature of entanglement2. Our results also show the transition from area- to volume-law scaling7of von Neumann entanglement entropies from ground to excited states. As we venture towards achieving quantum advantage, we anticipate that our findings and methods have wide-ranging applicability to revealing and understanding entanglement in many-body problems with local interactions including higher spatial dimensions.

Published
2023
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325. Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment

Author

Okbay, Aysu, Beauchamp, Jonathan P., Fontana, Mark Alan, Lee, James J., Pers, Tune H., Rietveld, Cornelius A., Turley, Patrick, Chen, Guo-Bo, Emilsson, Valur, Meddens, S. Fleur W., Oskarsson, Sven, Pickrell, Joseph K., Thom, Kevin, Timshel, Pascal, de Vlaming, Ronald, Abdellaoui, Abdel, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Bacelis, Jonas, Baumbach, Clemens, Bjornsdottir, Gyda, Brandsma, Johannes H., Pina Concas, Maria, Derringer, Jaime, Furlotte, Nicholas A., Galesloot, Tessel E., Girotto, Giorgia, Gupta, Richa, Hall, Leanne M., Harris, Sarah E., Hofer, Edith, Horikoshi, Momoko, Huffman, Jennifer E., Kaasik, Kadri, Kalafati, Ioanna P., Karlsson, Robert, Kong, Augustine, Lahti, Jari, Lee, Sven J. van der, deLeeuw, Christiaan, Lind, Penelope A., Lindgren, Karl-Oskar, Liu, Tian, Mangino, Massimo, Marten, Jonathan, Mihailov, Evelin, Miller, Michael B., van der Most, Peter J., Oldmeadow, Christopher, Payton, Antony, Pervjakova, Natalia, Peyrot, Wouter J., Qian, Yong, Raitakari, Olli, Rueedi, Rico, Salvi, Erika, Schmidt, Börge, Schraut, Katharina E., Shi, Jianxin, Smith, Albert V., Poot, Raymond A., St Pourcain, Beate, Teumer, Alexander, Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Verweij, Niek, Vuckovic, Dragana, Wellmann, Juergen, Westra, Harm-Jan, Yang, Jingyun, Zhao, Wei, Zhu, Zhihong, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Amin, Najaf, Bakshi, Andrew, Baumeister, Sebastian E., Biino, Ginevra, Bønnelykke, Klaus, Boyle, Patricia A., Campbell, Harry, Cappuccio, Francesco P., Davies, Gail, De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel, Deloukas, Panos, Demuth, Ilja, Ding, Jun, Eibich, Peter, Eisele, Lewin, Eklund, Niina, Evans, David M., Faul, Jessica D., Feitosa, Mary F., Forstner, Andreas J., Gandin, Ilaria, Gunnarsson, Bjarni, Halldórsson, Bjarni V., Harris, Tamara B., Heath, Andrew C., Hocking, Lynne J., Holliday, Elizabeth G., Homuth, Georg, Horan, Michael A., Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, de Jager, Philip L., Joshi, Peter K., Jugessur, Astanand, Kaakinen, Marika A., Kähönen, Mika, Kanoni, Stavroula, Keltigangas-Järvinen, Liisa, Kiemeney, Lambertus A. L. M., Kolcic, Ivana, Koskinen, Seppo, Kraja, Aldi T., Kroh, Martin, Kutalik, Zoltan, Latvala, Antti, Launer, Lenore J., Lebreton, Maël P., Levinson, Douglas F., Lichtenstein, Paul, Lichtner, Peter, Liewald, David C. M., Cohort Study, LifeLines, Loukola, Anu, Madden, Pamela A., Mägi, Reedik, Mäki-Opas, Tomi, Marioni, Riccardo E., Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Meddens, Gerardus A., McMahon, George, Meisinger, Christa, Meitinger, Thomas, Milaneschi, Yusplitri, Milani, Lili, Montgomery, Grant W., Myhre, Ronny, Nelson, Christopher P., Nyholt, Dale R., Ollier, William E. R., Palotie, Aarno, Paternoster, Lavinia, Pedersen, Nancy L., Petrovic, Katja E., Porteous, David J., Räikkönen, Katri, Ring, Susan M., Robino, Antonietta, Rostapshova, Olga, Rudan, Igor, Rustichini, Aldo, Salomaa, Veikko, Sanders, Alan R., Sarin, Antti-Pekka, Schmidt, Helena, Scott, Rodney J., Smith, Blair H., Smith, Jennifer A., Staessen, Jan A., Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Strauch, Konstantin, Terracciano, Antonio, Tobin, Martin D., Ulivi, Sheila, Vaccargiu, Simona, Quaye, Lydia, van Rooij, Frank J. A., Venturini, Cristina, Vinkhuyzen, Anna A. E., Völker, Uwe, Völzke, Henry, Vonk, Judith M., Vozzi, Diego, Waage, Johannes, Ware, Erin B., Willemsen, Gonneke, Attia, John R., Bennett, David A., Berger, Klaus, Bertram, Lars, Bisgaard, Hans, Boomsma, Dorret I., Borecki, Ingrid B., Bültmann, Ute, Chabris, Christopher F., Cucca, Francesco, Cusi, Daniele, Deary, Ian J., Dedoussis, George V., van Duijn, Cornelia M., Eriksson, Johan G., Franke, Barbara, Franke, Lude, Gasparini, Paolo, Gejman, Pablo V., Gieger, Christian, Grabe, Hans-Jörgen, Gratten, Jacob, Groenen, Patrick J. F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, van der Harst, Pim, Hayward, Caroline, Hinds, David A., Hoffmann, Wolfgang, Hyppönen, Elina, Iacono, William G., Jacobsson, Bo, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jöckel, Karl-Heinz, Kaprio, Jaakko, Kardia, Sharon L. R., Lehtimäki, Terho, Lehrer, Steven F., Magnusson, Patrik K. E., Martin, Nicholas G., McGue, Matt, Metspalu, Andres, Pendleton, Neil, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Perola, Markus, Pirastu, Nicola, Pirastu, Mario, Polasek, Ozren, Posthuma, Danielle, Power, Christine, Province, Michael A., Samani, Nilesh J., Schlessinger, David, Schmidt, Reinhold, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Spector, Tim D., Stefansson, Kari, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Thurik, A. Roy, Timpson, Nicholas J., Tiemeier, Henning, Tung, Joyce Y., Uitterlinden, André G., Vitart, Veronique, Vollenweider, Peter, Weir, David R., Wilson, James F., Wright, Alan F., Conley, Dalton C., Krueger, Robert F., Davey Smith, George, Hofman, Albert, Laibson, David I., Medland, Sarah E., Meyer, Michelle N., Yang, Jian, Johannesson, Magnus, Visscher, Peter M., Esko, Tõnu, Koellinger, Philipp D., Cesarini, David, and Benjamin, Daniel J.

Published
2016
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333. Forest fragmentation in India

Author

Roy, P. S., Murthy, M. S. R., Roy, A., Kushwaha, S. P. S., Singh, S., Jha, C. S., Behera, M. D., Joshi, P. K., Jagannathan, C., Karnatak, H. C., Saran, S., Reddy, C. S., Kushwaha, D., Dutt, C. B. S., Porwal, M. C., Sudhakar, S., Srivastava, V. K., Padalia, Hitendra, Nandy, Subrata, and Gupta, Stutee

Published
2013

344. Starting with Complex Primitives Pays Off: Complicate Locally, Simplify Globally

Author

Joshi, Aravind K.

Abstract

In setting up a formal system to specify a grammar formalism, the conventional (mathematical) wisdom is to start with primitives (basic primitive structures) as simple as possible, and then introduce various operations for constructing more complex structures. An alternate approach is to start with complex (more complicated) primitives, which directly capture some crucial linguistic properties and then introduce some general operations for composing these complex structures. These two approaches provide different domains of locality, i.e., domains over which various types of linguistic dependencies can be specified. The latter approach, characterized as "complicate locally, simplify globally" (CLSG), pushes non-local dependencies to become local, i.e., they arise in the basic primitive structures to start with. The CLSG approach has led to some new insights into syntactic description, semantic composition, language generation, statistical processing, and psycholinguistic phenomena, all these with possible relevance to the cognitive architecture of language. In this paper, we will describe these results in an introductory manner making use of the framework of lexicalized tree-adjoining grammar (LTAG), a key example of the CLSG approach, thereby describing the interplay between formal analysis on the one hand and linguistic and processing issues on the other hand.

Published
2004
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