332 results on '"Jong Hoon Ryu"'
Search Results
302. Corrigendum to 'Neuroprotective effects of salvianolic acid B on an Aβ25–35 peptide-induced mouse model of Alzheimer׳s disease' [Eur. J. Pharmacol. 704 (1–3) (2013) 70–77]
- Author
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Su Jin Jeon, Jun Man Jung, Dong-Hyun Kim, Jong Min Kim, Shin Gil Bae, Hyung Eun Lee, Young Woo Lee, Hee Kyong Oh, Jong Hoon Ryu, Kun Ho Son, and Se Jin Park
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Salvianolic acid B ,chemistry ,Peptide ,Neuroprotection - Published
- 2013
303. Histamine H1 receptor occupancy in human brains after single oral doses of histamine H1 antagonists measured by positron emission tomography
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Kazumi Ito, Tatsuo Ido, Yoneichi Sawai, Kazuhiko Yanai, Ren Iwata, Jong Hoon Ryu, Takehiko Watanabe, and Masatoshi Itoh
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Chlorpheniramine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Guinea Pigs ,Administration, Oral ,Histamine H1 receptor ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Terfenadine ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,Receptors, Histamine H1 ,Receptor ,Brain ,Human brain ,Chlorphenamine ,Histamine H1 Antagonists ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Antihistamine ,Doxepin ,Histamine ,medicine.drug ,Research Article ,Tomography, Emission-Computed - Abstract
1. Histamine H1 receptor occupancy in the human brain was measured in 20 healthy young men by positron emission tomography (PET) using [11C]-doxepin. 2. (+)-Chlorpheniramine, a selective and classical antihistamine, occupied 76.8 +/- 4.2% of the averaged values of available histamine H1 receptors in the frontal cortex after its administration in a single oral dose of 2 mg. Intravenous administration of 5 mg (+)-chlorpheniramine almost completely abolished the binding of [11C]-doxepin to H1 receptors (H1 receptor occupancy: 98.2 +/- 1.2%). 3. Terfenadine, a nonsedative antihistamine, occupied 17.2 +/- 14.2% of the available H1 receptors in the human frontal cortex after its administration in a single oral dose of 60 mg. 4. There was no correlation between H1 receptor occupancy by terfenadine and the plasma concentration of the active acid metabolite of terfenadine in each subject. 5. PET data on human brain were essentially compatible with those on H1 receptor occupancy in guinea-pig brain determined by in vivo binding techniques, although for the same H1 receptor occupancy the dose was less in human subjects than in guinea-pigs. 6. The PET studies demonstrated the usefulness of measuring H1 receptor occupancy with classical and second-generation antihistamines in human brain to estimate their unwanted side effects such as sedation and drowsiness quantitatively.
- Published
- 1995
304. Ontogenetic development of histamine receptor subtypes in rat brain demonstrated by quantitative autoradiography
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Jong Hoon Ryu, Kazuhiko Yanai, Eiko Sakurai, Takehiko Watanabe, and Choong Yong Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Substantia nigra ,Histamine H1 receptor ,Striatum ,Biology ,Nucleus accumbens ,Histidine Decarboxylase ,Injections ,Histamine Agonists ,Histamine receptor ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Oxidopamine ,Pyrilamine ,Methylhistamines ,Histaminergic ,Brain ,Histidine decarboxylase ,Corpus Striatum ,Rats ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Autoradiography ,Receptors, Histamine ,Histamine H3 receptor ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The postnatal ontogenetic development of the histamine receptor subtypes was studied in rat brain by quantitative receptor autoradiography with highly sensitive imaging plates. H1 receptor binding sites labeled with [3H]pyrilamine were detected on postnatal day 2 (P2) and increased very slowly until P9, and then rapidly reaching the adult levels in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala by P16. The densities of H1 receptor binding sites in the cortex, striatum, thalamus, and substantia nigra were relatively low during development. H3 receptor binding sites labeled with [3H](R)α-methylhistamine were not detectable until P9. On P9, their density was higher in the substantia nigra than in other regions. Subsequently, H3 receptor binding increased, reaching the adult levels in the substantia nigra on P16 and in the other regions on P23. The histamine concentration was initially very high, but decreased to the adult level by P16. On the contrary, the activity of l -histidine decarboxylase of whole brain tissue was low on P5, and increased markedly from P16 to P23, to the adult level on P30. Administration of (S)α-fluoromethylhistidine (FMH), a specific inhibitor of l -histidine decarboxylase (HDC), significantly decreased both the HDC activity and histamine concentration during postnatal development. FMH treatment did not change H1 receptor binding in any brain region, but significantly increased H3 receptors in the substantia nigra and striatum on P23. Unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum on P2 resulted in up-regulation of H3 receptor binding sites in the dorsomedial (11%) and dorsolateral (18%) regions of the striatum and substantia nigra (31%) on P23, but no change in the H3 receptor density in the nucleus accumbens or frontal cortex on P11 and P23. These results demonstrate that the developmental patterns of H1 and H3 receptors are heterogeneous and independent of each other. There are marked mismatches of presynaptic and postsynaptic markers of the histaminergic neuron system as in other aminergic systems.
- Published
- 1995
305. [P1.60]: Transgenerational transfer of ADHD‐like phenotypes in prenatally ethanol‐exposed Sprague–Dawley rat offsprings
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Jong Hoon Ryu, In Ha Choi, Pitna Kim, Min Kyeong Kim, and Chan Young Shin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Ethanol ,biology ,Methylation ,Phenotype ,Sprague dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Transgenerational epigenetics ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Developmental Biology ,Dopamine transporter - Published
- 2010
306. Receptor autoradiography with 11C and [3H]-labelled ligands visualized by imaging plates
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Jong Hoon Ryu, Ren Iwata, Takehiko Watanabe, Kazuhiko Yanai, and Tatsuo Ido
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dopamine Agents ,Guinea Pigs ,Histamine Antagonists ,Receptors, Cell Surface ,Ligands ,Histamine Agonists ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Dopamine ,Dopamine receptor D2 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Receptors, Histamine H3 ,Binding site ,Rats, Wistar ,Receptor ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,General Neuroscience ,Methylhistamines ,Receptors, Dopamine D1 ,Brain ,Rats ,Dopamine D2 Receptor Antagonists ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Dopamine receptor ,Positron emission tomography ,Spiperone ,Biophysics ,Autoradiography ,Receptors, Histamine ,Histamine H3 receptor ,Histamine ,medicine.drug ,Tomography, Emission-Computed - Abstract
The distribution of histamine H1, H3, dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the brain was studied by receptor autoradiography using a high-sensitivity and high-resolution imaging plate system. [3H]Pyrilamine, [3H](R)alpha-methyl-histamine, [11C]SCH23390, and [11C]N-methylspiperone (or [11C]YM-09151-2) were used as ligands to identify H1, H3, D1 and D2 receptors, respectively. Two different receptors (dopamine D2 and histamine H3) could be also labelled simultaneously in a single cryostat-sliced section using [11C]N-methylspiperone and [3H](R)alpha-methylhistamine, respectively. The imaging plate system is useful for receptor autoradiography of positron emitter-labelled and tritium-labelled receptor-ligands because of its high sensitivity.
- Published
- 1992
307. Preparation of drug-loaded polymeric particles using a PGSS process and their characterization
- Author
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Jin-Ah Choi, Jong-Hoon Ryu, In-Il Jung, and Gio-Bin Lim
- Subjects
Drug ,Materials science ,Chemical engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Scientific method ,Bioengineering ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Biotechnology ,media_common ,Characterization (materials science) - Published
- 2009
308. SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE CLEANING ION-IMPLANTATION PHOTORESIST FROM WAFER.
- Author
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IN-IL JUNG, SOO-YOUL HAN, JONG-HOON RYU, GIO-BIN LIM, SANG-YUN LEE, HYO SAN LEE, and CHANGKI HONG
- Subjects
SUPERCRITICAL carbon dioxide ,ION implantation ,ION plating ,PHOTORESISTS ,SEMICONDUCTOR wafers - Published
- 2004
309. SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF GLABRIDIN FROM GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA.
- Author
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YUN-KYOUNG CHO, JONG-HOON RYU, GIO-BIN LIM, and SANG-YUN LEE
- Subjects
EXTRACTION (Chemistry) ,SUPERCRITICAL fluids ,LICORICE (Plant) ,METHANOL ,SOLID phase extraction - Published
- 2004
310. Prefrontal cortical and striatal transcriptional responses to the reinforcing effect of repeated methylphenidate treatment in the spontaneously hypertensive rat, animal model of attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
- Author
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dela Peña, Ike, Hee Jin Kim, Sohn, Aeree, Jong Hoon Ryu, Chan Young Shin, Noh, Minsoo, and Jae Hoon Cheong
- Subjects
ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,GENES ,PROTEINS ,UBIQUITIN ,METHYLPHENIDATE - Abstract
Background Methylphenidate is the most commonly used stimulant drug for the treatment of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Research has found that methylphenidate is a "reinforcer" and that individuals with ADHD also abuse this medication. Nevertheless, the molecular consequences of long-term recreational methylphenidate use or abuse in individuals with ADHD are not yet fully known. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the most validated and widely used ADHD animal model, were pretreated with methylphenidate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) during their adolescence (postnatal day [PND] 42-48) and tested for subsequent methylphenidate-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration. Thereafter, the differentially expressed genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of representative methylphenidate-treated SHRs, which showed CPP to and self-administration of methylphenidate, were analyzed. Results Genome-wide transcriptome profiling analyses revealed 30 differentially expressed genes in the PFC, which includes transcripts involved in apoptosis (e.g. S100a9, Angptl4, Nfkbia), transcription (Cebpb, Per3), and neuronal plasticity (Homer1, Jam2, Asap1). In contrast, 306 genes were differentially expressed in the striatum and among them, 252 were downregulated. The main functional categories overrepresented among the downregulated genes include those involved in cell adhesion (e.g. Pcdh10, Ctbbd1, Itgb6), positive regulation of apoptosis (Perp, Taf1, Api5), (Notch3, Nsbp1, Sik1), mitochondrion organization (Prps18c, Letm1, Uqcrc2), and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (Nedd4, Usp27x, Ube2d2). Conclusion Together, these changes indicate methylphenidate-induced neurotoxicity, altered synaptic and neuronal plasticity, energy metabolism and ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in the brains of methylphenidate-treated SHRs, which showed methylphenidate CPP and selfadministration. In addition, these findings may also reflect cognitive impairment associated with chronic methylphenidate use as demonstrated in preclinical studies. Future studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of the present findings with regard to longterm recreational methylphenidate use or abuse in individuals with ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
311. Ghrelin directly stimulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis: implications for learning and memory.
- Author
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Endan Li, Hyunju Chung, Yumi Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Hoon Ryu, Takahiro Sato, Masayasu Kojima, and Seungjoon Park
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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312. Danggui-Jakyak-San ameliorates memory impairment and increase neurogenesis induced by transient forebrain ischemia in mice.
- Author
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Mi Deok Song, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Min Kim, Hyung Eun Lee, Se Jin Park, Jong Hoon Ryu, and Jae Hwan Lew
- Subjects
ANALYSIS of variance ,ANIMAL experimentation ,CEREBRAL ischemia ,HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY ,LEARNING ,MEDICINAL plants ,MEMORY ,MICE ,NERVOUS system regeneration ,RESEARCH funding ,T-test (Statistics) ,WESTERN immunoblotting ,PLANT extracts ,STATISTICAL significance ,CAROTID artery stenosis - Abstract
Background: Danggui-Jakyak-San (DJS), a traditional herbal prescription, has been used to treat insufficient blood supplies. Recently, regenerative medication for the treatment of cerebral ischemia has drawn the attention of many researchers. Methods: In this study, we examined whether DJS exerts a neuronal regenerative effect in the hippocampus of a transient forebrain ischemia mice model. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Animals were divided into three groups (sham, BCCAO + vehicle, and BCCAO + DJS). To test the effect of DJS on learning and memory, Morris water maze or passive avoidance test was conducted. To test neuroprotective and neurogenic effect, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used. Statistical significance was analyzed with Student t-test, one-way or two-way analysis of variance. Results: We found that the administration of DJS ameliorated ischemia-induced spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze task. Moreover, Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin signaling was increased by DJS, which would be one possible mechanism of DJS for neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region. Conclusions: These results suggest that DJS is a possible candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced neuronal degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
313. Phytoceramide Shows Neuroprotection and Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment.
- Author
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Jae-Chul Jung, Yeonju Lee, Sohyeon Moon, Jong Hoon Ryu, and Seikwan Oh
- Subjects
SCOPOLAMINE ,CENTRAL nervous system ,GLUTAMIC acid ,NEUROTOXICOLOGY ,ALZHEIMER'S disease - Abstract
The function and the role phytoceramide (PCER) and phytosphingosine (PSO) in the central nervous system has not been well studied. This study was aimed at investigating the possible roles of PCER and PSO in glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured neuronal cells and memory function in mice. Phytoceramide showed neuroprotective activity in the glutamate-induced toxicity in cultured cortical neuronal cells. Neither phytosphingosine nor tetraacetylphytosphingosine (TAPS) showed neuroproective effects in neuronal cells. PCER (50 mg/kg, p.o.) recovered the scopolamine-induced reduction in step-through latency in the passive avoidance test; however, PSO did not modulate memory function on this task. The ameliorating effects of PCER on spatial memory were confirmed by the Morris water maze test. In conclusion, through behavioral and neurochemical experimental results, it was demonstrated that central administration of PCER produces amelioration of memory impairment. These results suggest that PCER plays an important role in neuroprotection and memory enhancement and PCER could be a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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314. Reinforcing effects of methamphetamine in an animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.
- Author
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Ike dela Peña, Hyung Seok Ahn, Ji Young Choi, Chan Young Shin, Jong Hoon Ryu, and Jae Hoon Cheong
- Subjects
METHAMPHETAMINE ,ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder ,BEHAVIOR disorders in children ,DRUG addiction ,DRUG abuse - Abstract
Substrains of the Spontaneously Hypertensive rat (SHR), a putative animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), have demonstrated increased sensitivity to many drugs of abuse, including psychostimulants. Therefore, it was suggested that studies in SHR may help elucidate ADHD and comorbidity with substance use disorder (SUD). However, the drug intake profile of the SHR in the most relevant animal model of drug addiction, the self-administration (SA) test, and its response on the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm are not yet determined. In the present study, we employed SA and CPP tests to investigate the reinforcing effects of the psychostimulant methamphetamine in an SHR substrain obtained from Charles River, Japan (SHR/NCrlCrlj). Concurrent tests were also performed in Wistar rats, the strain representing "normal" heterogeneous population. To address if the presence of ADHD behaviors further increases sensitivity to the rewarding effect of methamphetamine during adolescence, a critical period for the onset of drug abuse, CPP tests were especially conducted in adolescent Wistar and SHR/NCrlCrlj. We found that the SHR/NCrlCrlj also acquired methamphetamine SA and CPP, indicating reinforcing effects of methamphetamine in this ADHD animal model. However, we did not observe increased responsiveness of the SHR/NCrlCrlj to methamphetamine in both SA and CPP assays. This indicates that the reinforcing effects of methamphetamine may be similar in strains and that the SHR/NCrlCrlj may not adequately model ADHD and increased sensitivity to methamphetamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
315. The lietereogeneous development of histamine H1, H2, and H3 receptor subtypes in rat brain demonstrated by quantitative autoradiographic study
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Takehiko Watanabe, Eiko Sakurai, Kazuhiko Yanai, and Jong Hoon Ryu
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Histamine H3 receptor ,Rat brain ,Histamine - Published
- 1995
316. Changes of [3H]MK-801, [3H]muscimol and [3H]flunitrazepam Binding in Rat Brain by the Prolonged Ventricular Infusion of Transformed Ginsenosides.
- Author
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Soyong Jang, Jong Hoon Ryu, Dong-Hyun Kim, and Seikwan Oh
- Subjects
NEURODEGENERATION ,GABA ,NERVOUS system ,ISCHEMIA - Abstract
Ameliorating effects of ginseng were observed on neuronal cell death associated with ischemia or glutamate toxicity. Ginseng saponins are transformed by intestinal microflora and the transformants would be absorbed from intestine. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of transformed ginsenoside Rg3, Rh2 and compound K on the modulation of NMDA receptor and GABA
A receptor binding in rat brain. The NMDA receptor binding was analyzed by quantitative autoradiography using [3 H]MK-801 binding, and GABAA receptor bindings were analyzed by using [3 H]muscimol and [3 H]flunitrazepam binding in rat brain slices. Ginsenoside Rg3, Rh2 and compound K were infused (10 μg/10 μl/h) into rat brain lateral ventricle for 7 days, through pre-implanted cannula by osmotic minipumps (Alzet, model 2ML). The levels of [3 H]MK-801 binding were highly decreased in almost all regions of frontal cortex and hippocampus by ginsenoside Rh2 and compound K. The levels of [3 H]muscimol binding were elevated in part of frontal cortex and granule layer of cerebellum by the treatment of ginsenoside Rh2 and compound K. However, the [3 H]flunitrazepam binding was not modulated by any tested ginsenosides. Ginsenoside Rh2 and compound K induced the downregulation of the [3 H]MK-801 binding as well as upregulation of the and [3 H]muscimol binding in a region-specific manner after prolonged infusion into lateral ventricle. However, ginsenoside Rg3 did not show the significant changes of ligand bindings. In addition, ginsenoside Rh2 decreased the expression of nNOS in the hippocampus although Rg3 decreased the expression in the cortex. These results suggest that biotransformed ginsenoside Rh2 and compound K could play an important role in the biological activities in the central nervous systems and neurodegenerative disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2004
317. The increase in nitric oxide synthase in the vagal complex of rats after unilateral vagotomy
- Author
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Kazuhiko Yanai, Xiao-Lan Zhao, Jong Hoon Ryu, and Takehiko Watanabe
- Subjects
Nitric oxide synthase ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,medicine ,biology.protein ,General Medicine ,Vagotomy - Published
- 1994
318. The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced dopaminergic denervation on the histamine H3 receptor bindings in the rat brain
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Jong Hoon Ryu, Kazuhiko Yanai, and Takehiko Watanabe
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Denervation ,Hydroxydopamine ,Chemistry ,Dopaminergic ,Histamine H3 receptor ,Rat brain - Published
- 1994
319. Alterations of histamine H1, H2 and H3 receptors in rat brain after unilateral enucleation and monocular deprivation
- Author
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Jong Hoon Ryu, Yoichi Nakagawa, Takehiko Watanabe, and Kazuhiko Yanai
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Enucleation ,General Medicine ,Rat brain ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Monocular deprivation ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Receptor ,business ,Histamine - Published
- 1994
320. Histamine H1 receptor occupancy in the brain under living conditions after single oral doses of antihistamines: basic animal experiments and human PET studies
- Author
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Takehiko Watanabe, Jong Hoon Ryu, and Kazuhiko Yanai
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Occupancy ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Histamine H1 receptor ,business - Published
- 1994
321. Radiochemical Synthesis and Binding Characteristics of a New Thioperamide Derivative as a Potent Histamine H3 Antagonist
- Author
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Takehiko Watanabe, Kazuki Murakami, Hiroshi Sakashita, Tatsuo Ido, Tomokazu Goto, Ren Iwata, Jong Hoon Ryu, Kazuhiko Yanai, and Toshihiro Takahashi
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Thioperamide ,Chemistry ,Stereochemistry ,Antagonist ,medicine ,Derivative (chemistry) ,Histamine ,medicine.drug - Published
- 1993
322. New Quantitative Receptor Autoradio graphy for Tritium Using Phosphor Imaging Plate: A Methodological Consideration
- Author
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Takehiko Watanabe, Jong Hoon Ryu, and Kazuhiko Yanai
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Materials science ,Radiochemistry ,Tritium ,Phosphor - Published
- 1993
323. Danggui-Jakyak-San ameliorates memory impairment and increase neurogenesis induced by transient forebrain ischemia in mice
- Author
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Se Jin Park, Jong Hoon Ryu, Hyung Eun Lee, Dong-Hyun Kim, Jong Min Kim, Mi Deok Song, and Jae Hwan Lew
- Subjects
Danggui-Jakyak-San ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurogenesis ,Ischemia ,Morris water navigation task ,Hippocampus ,Hippocampal formation ,Neuroprotection ,Brain Ischemia ,Brain ischemia ,Mice ,Transient forebrain ischemia ,GSK-3beta ,beta-catenin ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Memory Disorders ,business.industry ,Plant Extracts ,Dentate gyrus ,GSK-3β ,General Medicine ,β-catenin ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Endocrinology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Ischemic Attack, Transient ,Anesthesia ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Danggui-Jakyak-San (DJS), a traditional herbal prescription, has been used to treat insufficient blood supplies. Recently, regenerative medication for the treatment of cerebral ischemia has drawn the attention of many researchers. Methods In this study, we examined whether DJS exerts a neuronal regenerative effect in the hippocampus of a transient forebrain ischemia mice model. Transient forebrain ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO). Animals were divided into three groups (sham, BCCAO + vehicle, and BCCAO + DJS). To test the effect of DJS on learning and memory, Morris water maze or passive avoidance test was conducted. To test neuroprotective and neurogenic effect, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used. Statistical significance was analyzed with Student t-test, one-way or two-way analysis of variance. Results We found that the administration of DJS ameliorated ischemia-induced spatial memory impairment in the Morris water maze task. Moreover, Akt/glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin signaling was increased by DJS, which would be one possible mechanism of DJS for neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region. Conclusions These results suggest that DJS is a possible candidate for the treatment of ischemia-induced neuronal degeneration.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
324. Prefrontal cortical and striatal transcriptional responses to the reinforcing effect of repeated methylphenidate treatment in the spontaneously hypertensive rat, animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Author
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Ike dela Peña, Aeree Sohn, Bung Nyun Kim, Minsoo Noh, Doug Hyun Han, Jong Hoon Ryu, Jae Hoon Cheong, Chan Young Shin, and Hee Jin Kim
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Gene Expression ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Addiction ,Self Administration ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Drug Administration Schedule ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Animal model ,Spontaneously hypertensive rat ,Rats, Inbred SHR ,mental disorders ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Animals ,ADHD ,Rats, Wistar ,Psychiatry ,Prefrontal cortex ,Biological Psychiatry ,media_common ,Behavior, Animal ,Methylphenidate ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Research ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Corpus Striatum ,Rats ,Disease Models, Animal ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Self-administration ,Psychology ,Reinforcement, Psychology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Methylphenidate is the most commonly used stimulant drug for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Research has found that methylphenidate is a “reinforcer” and that individuals with ADHD also abuse this medication. Nevertheless, the molecular consequences of long-term recreational methylphenidate use or abuse in individuals with ADHD are not yet fully known. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the most validated and widely used ADHD animal model, were pretreated with methylphenidate (5 mg/kg, i.p.) during their adolescence (post-natal day [PND] 42–48) and tested for subsequent methylphenidate-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration. Thereafter, the differentially expressed genes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of representative methylphenidate-treated SHRs, which showed CPP to and self-administration of methylphenidate, were analyzed. Results Genome-wide transcriptome profiling analyses revealed 30 differentially expressed genes in the PFC, which include transcripts involved in apoptosis (e.g. S100a9, Angptl4, Nfkbia), transcription (Cebpb, Per3), and neuronal plasticity (Homer1, Jam2, Asap1). In contrast, 306 genes were differentially expressed in the striatum and among them, 252 were downregulated. The main functional categories overrepresented among the downregulated genes include those involved in cell adhesion (e.g. Pcdh10, Ctbbd1, Itgb6), positive regulation of apoptosis (Perp, Taf1, Api5), (Notch3, Nsbp1, Sik1), mitochondrion organization (Prps18c, Letm1, Uqcrc2), and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis (Nedd4, Usp27x, Ube2d2). Conclusion Together, these changes indicate methylphenidate-induced neurotoxicity, altered synaptic and neuronal plasticity, energy metabolism and ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation in the brains of methylphenidate-treated SHRs, which showed methylphenidate CPP and self-administration. In addition, these findings may also reflect cognitive impairment associated with chronic methylphenidate use as demonstrated in preclinical studies. Future studies are warranted to determine the clinical significance of the present findings with regard to long-term recreational methylphenidate use or abuse in individuals with ADHD.
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
325. In Vitro Human Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition and Human Dopamine D4 Receptor Antagonist Effect of Natural Flavonoids for Neuroprotection
- Author
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Pradeep Paudel, Jae Sue Choi, Ritu Prajapati, Su Hui Seong, Se Eun Park, Woo-Chang Kang, Jong-Hoon Ryu, and Hyun Ah Jung
- Subjects
flavonoids ,hMAO ,GPCRs ,dopamine ,antagonist ,serotonin ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Natural flavone and isoflavone analogs such as 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyflavone (1), 3′,4′,7-trihydroxyisoflavone (2), and calycosin (3) possess significant neuroprotective activity in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. This study highlights the in vitro human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitory potential and functional effect of those natural flavonoids at dopamine and serotonin receptors for their possible role in neuroprotection. In vitro hMAO inhibition and enzyme kinetics studies were performed using a chemiluminescent assay. The functional effect of three natural flavonoids on dopamine and serotonin receptors was tested via cell-based functional assays followed by a molecular docking simulation to predict interactions between a compound and the binding site of the target protein. A forced swimming test was performed in the male C57BL/6 mouse model. Results of in vitro chemiluminescent assays and enzyme kinetics depicted 1 as a competitive inhibitor of hMAO-A with promising potency (IC50 value: 7.57 ± 0.14 μM) and 3 as a competitive inhibitor of hMAO-B with an IC50 value of 7.19 ± 0.32 μM. Likewise, GPCR functional assays in transfected cells showed 1 as a good hD4R antagonist. In docking analysis, these active flavonoids interacted with a determinant-interacting residue via hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with low docking scores comparable to reference ligands. The post-oral administration of 1 to male C57BL/6 mice did not reduce the immobility time in the forced swimming test. The results of this study suggest that 1 and 3 may serve as effective regulators of the aminergic system via hMAO inhibition and the hD4R antagonist effect, respectively, for neuroprotection. The route of administration should be considered.
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
326. Synthesis and Evaluation of Neuroprotective Selenoflavanones.
- Author
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Yong-Sung Choi, Dong-Myung Kim, Yoon-Jung Kim, Sai Yang, Kyung-Tae Lee, Jong Hoon Ryu, and Jin-Hyun Jeong
- Subjects
- *
FLAVANONES , *NEUROPROTECTIVE agents , *CHEMICAL synthesis , *BLOOD-brain barrier , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *HYDROGEN peroxide - Abstract
The article discusses the study on the neuroprotective effects of selenoflavanones and flavanones. The study reportedly involved synthesis of flavanones and selenoflavanones to determine whether they can pass through blood-brain barrier. The results revealed that selenoflavanones have an in vitro antioxidant effects against hydrogen peroxide and does not cause severe cytotoxicity.
- Published
- 2015
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327. Exogenous S1P Exposure Potentiates Ischemic Stroke Damage That Is Reduced Possibly by Inhibiting S1P Receptor Signaling.
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Eunjung Moon, Jeong Eun Han, Sejin Jeon, Jong Hoon Ryu, Ji Woong Choi, and Chun, Jerold
- Subjects
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STROKE , *SPHINGOSINE-1-phosphate , *CELLULAR signal transduction , *CEREBRAL ischemia , *GENE expression , *NEUROGLIA - Abstract
Initial and recurrent stroke produces central nervous system (CNS) damage, involving neuroinflammation. Receptor-mediated S1P signaling can influence neuroinflammation and has been implicated in cerebral ischemia through effects on the immune system. However, S1P-mediated events also occur within the brain itself where its roles during stroke have been less well studied. Here we investigated the involvement of S1P signaling in initial and recurrent stroke by using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (M/R) model combined with analyses of S1P signaling. Gene expression for S1P receptors and involved enzymes was altered during M/R, supporting changes in S1P signaling. Direct S1P microinjection into the normal CNS induced neuroglial activation, implicating S1P-initiated neuroinflammatory responses that resembled CNS changes seen during initial M/R challenge. Moreover, S1P microinjection combinedwithM/R potentiated brain damage, approximating amodel for recurrent stroke dependent on S1P and suggesting that reduction in S1P signaling could ameliorate stroke damage. Delivery of FTY720 that removes S1P signaling with chronic exposure reduced damage in both initial and S1P-potentiated M/R-challenged brain, while reducing stroke markers like TNF-α. These results implicate direct S1P CNS signaling in the etiology of initial and recurrent stroke that can be therapeutically accessed by S1P modulators acting within the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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328. Activated Microglia Are Less Vulnerable to Hemin Toxicity due to Nitric Oxide-Dependent Inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK Activation.
- Author
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Ying Cai, Geum-Sil Cho, Chung Ju, Si-Ling Wang, Jong Hoon Ryu, Chan Young Shin, Hee-Sun Kim, Kung-Woo Nam, Anthony Jalin, Angela M. A., Woong Sun, In-Young Choi, and Won-Ki Kim
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HEMORRHAGE , *MICROGLIA , *NITRIC oxide , *HEMOGLOBINS , *HEME oxygenase , *RATS , *ANIMAL experimentation - Abstract
In intracerebral hemorrhage, microglia become rapidly activated and remove the deposited blood and cellular debris. To survive in a harmful hemorrhagic or posthemorrhagic condition, activated microglia must be equipped with appropriate self-defensive mechanism(s) to resist the toxicity of hemin, a component released from damaged RBCs. In the current study, we found that activation of microglia by pretreatment with LPS markedly reduced their vulnerability to hemin toxicity in vitro. Similarly, intracorpus callosum microinjection of LPS prior to hemin treatment reduced the brain tissue damage caused by hemin and increased microglial density in the penumbra in rats. LPS induced the expressions of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation in microglia. The preventive effect by LPS was significantly diminished by an iNOS inhibitor, L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine, whereas it was mimicked by a NO donor, diethylamine-NONOate, both suggesting the crucial role of NO in the modulation of hemin-induced toxicity in activated microglia. We further found that NO reduced hemin toxicity via inhibition of hemin-induced activation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in microglia. Whereas HO-1 expression in LPS-stimulated microglia was markedly blocked by L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)lysine, the HO-1 inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin, increased iNOS expression and decreased the susceptibility of LPS-activated microglia to hemin toxicity. The data indicate that the mutual interaction between NO and HO-1 plays a critical role in modulating the adaptive response of activated microglia to hemin toxicity. Better understanding of the survival mechanism of activated microglia may provide a therapeutic strategy to attenuate the devastating intracerebral hemorrhagic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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329. Anti-amnesic activity of neferine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, as well as inhibition of ChEs and BACE1.
- Author
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Hyun Ah Jung, Seong Eun Jin, Ran Joo Choi, Dong Hyun Kim, Yeong Shik Kim, Jong Hoon Ryu, Dong-Wook Kim, You Kyung Son, Jin Ju Park, and Jae Sue Choi
- Subjects
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ANTI-inflammatory agents , *ANTIOXIDANTS , *CHOLINESTERASES , *AMNESIA , *ENZYME inhibitors , *BUTYRYLCHOLINESTERASE , *MAZE tests , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
Aims: The multifunctional potential of neferine derived from the embryo of Nelumbo nucifera seeds for the age-related neurodegenerative disorders, in vivo anti-amnesic activities and in vitro cholinesterases (ChEs)- and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1)-inhibitory activities, as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities were investigated. Main methods: In vivo anti-amnesic activities were performed via the passive avoidance, Y-maze, and Morris water maze tasks in a scopolamine-induced amnesia model. The cell-free antioxidant capacities were evaluated by in vitro scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radicals, and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), as well as inhibitory activities against nitric oxide (NO·), superoxide anion (·O2−), lipid peroxidation, and ONOO−-mediated tyrosine nitration. The intracellular antioxidant capacities were also determined via inhibitory activities of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO· generation and NF-κB activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Key findings: Neferine showed significant improvement in cognitive impairment in scopolamine-induced amnesia animal models and moderate inhibitory activities in ChEs and BACE1 assays. In addition, it exhibited notable scavenging activities against DPPH, ABTS, NO·, and ·O2− radicals, as well as ONOO−. Neferine also demonstrated remarkable inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation and protein nitration in cell-free antioxidant assays and moderate inhibitory activity of NO· generation with exceptional suppression of NF-κB activation in cell-based assays. Significance: The results demonstrate that the anti-amnesic effect of neferine may be mediated via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities, as well as inhibition of ChEs and BACE1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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330. Involvement of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal axis in the antistress activities of Tenebrio molitor Larvae in zebrafish.
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Lee, Jeongwon, Kim, Dong Hyun, Park, Se Jin, Jong, Hoon Ryu, Jung, Ji Wook, Jeon, You-Jin, Park, Sang-Rul, Kim, Gi-Young, and Lee, Seungheon
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TENEBRIO molitor , *ZEBRA danio , *PHYSIOLOGICAL stress , *BRACHYDANIO , *HYDROCORTISONE , *LARVAE , *BODY fluids - Abstract
In this study, the antistress effects of the water extract of Tenebrio molitor larvae (WTML) were investigated. To determine the effects of WTML on fish stress, changes in whole-body cortisol levels and behaviour were monitored in zebrafish (Danio rerio). To induce physical stress, we used net handling stress (NHS). Fish were treated with WTML for 6 min before exposure to stress. Then, the fish were used for evaluation via behavioural tests, including novel tank tests and open field tests, or sacrificed for collection of the whole body fluid. Increased anxiety-like behaviours in the novel tank test and open field test under stress were significantly and concentration-dependently recovered after treatment with WTML (p < 0.05). Moreover, compared with the normal group, which was not induced by NHS, the whole-body cortisol levels of the control group were significantly increased after induction by NHS. Compared with the control group, pretreatment with WTML at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/L for 6 min significantly prevented the increase in whole-body cortisol levels induced by NHS (p < 0.05). In addition, challenge studies showed that WTML completely blocked the effects of intraperitoneally-injected adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH; 0.2 IU/g) on cortisol secretion. These results suggest that WTML may be a good antistress candidate, and that its mechanism of action may be related to its positive effects on cortisol release. • Stress-induced increase of cortisol level was reduced by mealworm in zebrafish. • Mealworm completely blocked adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced cortisol secretion. • Mealworm can be used as a functional supplement for stress-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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331. Uridine Protects Cortical Neurons from Glucose Deprivation-Induced Death: Possible Role of Uridine Phosphorylase.
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Ji Woong Choi, Chan Young Shin, Min Sik Choi, Seo Young Yoon, Jong Hoon Ryu, Jae-Chul Lee, Won-Ki Kim, Mahmoud H. El Kouni, and Kwang Ho Ko
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URIDINE , *GLUCOSE , *PHOSPHORYLATION , *PHOSPHORYLASES - Abstract
ABSTRACTWe previously reported that uridine blocked glucose deprivation-induced death of immunostimulated astrocytes by preserving ATP levels. Uridine phosphorylase (UPase), an enzyme catalyzing the reversible phosphorylation of uridine, was involved in this effect. Here, we tried to expand our previous findings by investigating the uridine effect on the brain and neurons using in vivoand in vitroischemic injury models. Orally administrated uridine (50–200 mg/kg) reduced middle cerebral artery occlusion (1.5 h)/reperfusion (22 h)–induced infarct in mouse brain. Additionally, in the rat brain subjected to the same ischemic condition, UPase mRNA and protein levels were up-regulated. Next, we employed glucose deprivation-induced hypoglycemia in mixed cortical cultures of neurons and astrocytes as an in vitromodel. Cells were deprived of glucose and, two hours later, supplemented with 20 mM glucose. Under this condition, a significant ATP loss followed by death was observed in neurons but not in astrocytes, which were blocked by treatment with uridine in a concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of cellular uptake of uridine by S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thioinosine blocked the uridine effect. Similar to our in vivodata, UPase expression was up-regulated by glucose deprivation in mRNA as well as protein levels. Additionally, 5-(phenylthio)acyclouridine, a specific inhibitor of UPase, prevented the uridine effect. Finally, the uridine effect was shown only in the presence of astrocytes. Taken together, the present study provides the first evidence that uridine protects neurons against ischemic insult–induced neuronal death, possibly through the action of UPase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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332. Effect of glass ball insertion on vortex-flow microfiltration of oil-in-water emulsion
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Kim, Jong-Pyo, Kim, Jae-Jin, Min, Byoung-Ryul, Kun Yong Chung, and Jong-Hoon Ryu
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VORTEX motion , *MEMBRANE separation , *EMULSIONS - Abstract
A new vortex-flow membrane module with glass balls was developed to enhance the permeate flux through a flat-sheet membrane. As a preliminary study for a practical application of our new module configuration, the effects of operating parameters on the microfiltration of an oil-in-water emulsion were investigated. The glass balls used in this study had an average diameter of 4 mm and an average weight of 0.08 g, giving an average density of 2.39 g/ cm3. The number of glass balls inserted into the module was 500, leading to an effective volume fraction of 0.23. Under the same operating conditions, a significant flux enhancement was observed in the presence of glass balls. The flux enhancement due to the presence of glass balls increased with the feed flow rate. The influence of glass balls on the flux enhancement was found to be most significant when the emulsion was more highly concentrated, indicating that the mechanism of this enhancement is based on the disruption of the concentration boundary layer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
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