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In order to explore the role of innate immunity in the remodeling of CRS (chronic rhinosinusitis), we investigated the correlation between TLR2, TLR4 and remodeling involved cytokines and histopathological features. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression of TLR2, TLR4 and TGF-β1. Masson staining was used for observing the collagen deposition. The other histopathologic features of remodeling were observed by hemotoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Nasal epithelial cell culture was used to elucidate the effect of TLR2, TLR4 agonists and inhibitors on the expression of TGF-β1 and MMP-9. The association study showed that the significantly higher expression of TLR2, TLR4, TGF-β1 and collagen appeared in CRSsNP (chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps) patients compared with CRSwNP (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps) patients. In CRSsNP, patients with a severe epithelial damage (score 3) had a significantly higher expression of TLR2 than patients with mild epithelial damage (score ≤ 2) (P < 0.05). Moreover the expression of TLR2 correlated negatively with squamous hyperplasia in CRSsNP, and positively with gland hyperplasia in CRSwNP. The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 was closely related to neutrophil infiltration in CRSsNP (P < 0.01). TGF-β1 was downregulated by TLR2 agonist in CRSwNP and upregulated by TLR4 agonist in CRSsNP (P < 0.05). MMP-9 was upregulated by TLR4 agonist in CRSwNP (P < 0.05). TLR2 and TLR4 had close relationship with TGF-β1 and the histologic features of remodeling, especially collagen deposition and neutrophil infiltration in CRSsNP. The innate immunity could influence the histologic characteristics and involved cytokines through TLR2 and TLR4 in the remodeling of CRS.

Objective: To explore the role of the innate immune factors TLR2 and TLR4 in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by detecting their expression in different clinical types of CRS and the normal control group., Method: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 respectively in 21 cases (chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, CRSwNP) group, 15 cases (chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyos, CRSsNP) group, 11 cases recurrent CRSwNP group and 13 cases control group. Positive cells were counted under the microscope artificially, Mann-Whitney U analysis was applied for the ranked data, and one-way anova analysis was adopted to analyze the experimental group and control group., Result: (1) TLR2 and TLR4 expression had the same characteristics. Expression mainly concentrated in parts of the whole layer of epithelial basement membrane, cytoplasm of glandular cells, very few inflammatory cells such as monocytes and plasma cells in the cytoplasm, sometimes unknown cell nuclei positive expression. (2) The glandular cells were stained manual counting and color grading. TLR2 and TLR4 packet application Wilcoxon rank test Mann-Whitney U test analysis was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), measurement data within the group variance statistical difference between the groups (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The Nasal mucosa can produce the innate immune factors TLR2 and TLR4. The different expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in the various clinical types of CRS suggests that they play the certain role in the pathogenesis of CRS.

Objective: Explore the TGF-beta1 and collagen fibers in chronic nasal sinusitis each type and degree of expression of the normal control group and in the nasal mucosa epithelial tissue remodeling and the role of TGF-beta1 and collagen deposition relationship., Method: Sixty-two patients experimental group (CRSwNP of 21 cases. CRSs NP group of 15 cases. 11 cases of recurrent nasal polyps; control group 15 cases specimens for immunohistochemistry and masson collagen staining. Manual counting the number of positive cells by the Mann-Whitney U test to analyze the expression in experimental group and the control group. Experimental group and control group between the single-factor analysis of variance with a One-Way ANOVA analysis., Result: Experimental group and control group were expressed TGF-beta1 with collagen deposition. Which, TGF-beta1 in CRSsNP group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05), CRSwNP group was significantly increased compared with CRSsNP group (P < 0.05); masson collagen staining, CRSsNP group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.01), recurrent nasal polyps group than in the control group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). TGF-beta1 and collagen staining masson positive correlation between (P < 0.01 )., Conclusion: TGF-beta1 and collagen deposi tion and chronic nasal-sinusitis tissue remodeling has its relevance. Furthermore. TGF-beta1 expression increased with excessive deposition of collagen fibers also positively correlated.