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Introducción: La pandemia ha provocado una situación de respuesta inmediata de acciones globales no probadas y no evaluadas, se ha tenido poco tiempo para verificar resultados. Es imprescindible formular políticas públicas para establecer la normativa de dichas acciones en los programas en salud. Objetivo: Presentar una propuesta para la operacionalización de políticas de salud que sean encaminados a resolver problemas derivados de la pandemia por Covid-19. Desarrollo: Ante las epidemias registradas en la historia, las políticas de salud desarrollaron programas que ofrecieron soluciones de prevención y tratamiento. Ahora, la situación de emergencia ha obligado a trabajar para remediar, comprender y mejorar las políticas sanitarias en los países americanos. La Organización Mundial de la Salud ha hecho esfuerzos por contribuir a delimitar la pandemia a través de los distintos gobiernos de América, pero ¿Cómo se pueden formular políticas factibles si la situación en cada país ha presentado distintas estategias de contingencia sanitaria? La propuesta para la Formulación y ejecución de las políticas públicas de salud es la siguiente: 1.Definir el problema, 2.Generar soluciones, 3.Objetivo principal, 4.Redactar estrategias, 5. Operacionalización, 6.Planeación, 7.Ejecución, 8.Resultados, 9.Evaluación, 10.Retroalimentación. Conclusiones: Las políticas públicas de salud deben ser “adaptadas” a la realidad financiera y cultural de cada país, considerar retos actuales de salud; sin embargo, los profesionales de la salud, al proponer políticas públicas, deben estar conscientes de buscar respaldo del congreso, que sea la voz para representar la propuesta de quienes están en el lugar de los hechos.

Barcelona es un referente mundial en cuando a smart city se refiere. En este trabajo se determina la reputación on line que tiene Barcelona como smart city a partir de un análisis de contenido de Barcelona en diferentes espacios on line. El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer la reputación on line de una smart city bajo la óptica de la lógica difusa, en este caso el de Barcelona considerado ya un referente mundial. Esta investigación parte de la revisión de la literatura en relación al concepto smart city para establecer las categorías que configuran una smart city, y después se realiza un análisis de contenido de las principales referencias on line basado en un índice de verosimilitud. Posteriormente, bajo la óptica de la lógica difusa se analiza el contenido, lo que permite conocer los principales aspectos, positivos y negativos, relacionados con Barcelona como smart city. Se confirma que Barcelona cuenta con una reputación on line favorable como smart city y, en consecuencia, representa una oportunidad para inversionistas de negocios, turismo, políticas públicas y marketing.

This article studies the importance of the Mediterranean diet in the menus of restaurants in the city of Barcelona. It is based on a review of previous studies about the great influence of the Mediterranean culture on daily aspects such as food. A qualitative study was conducted and a sample of experts—head chefs at restaurants in Barcelona—was selected. The results show that the Mediterranean diet is positioned in the minds of their customers; therefore, all the decisions related to the purchase of products and the planning of menus and dishes are made following the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet. This study is an important contribution to the research field of culture in consumption habits, because it confirms that the Mediterranean diet still is strongly preferred over new foods, dishes and foreign menus. The habits of consumers remain true to their culinary traditions.

Purpose: To describe the echographic characteristics of optic disk melanocytoma using a high resolution 10–20 MHz ophthalmic ultrasound. Methods: We conducted a 10-year retrospective review finding 9 cases with optic disk melanocytoma. The echographic studies were performed by the same experienced ophthalmologist. The form and density of the tumors were evaluated with B-scan ultrasound. Internal reflectivity and vascularity of the tumors were assessed with a standardized A-scan. Base (vertical and horizontal) and height of the tumor were obtained by using both ultrasounds AB modes. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 43.88 years. There was no evidence of abnormal tumor vascularization in any of the cases. Mean (SD) vertical measurement of the base was 2.53 mm (±1.47). Mean (SD) horizontal measurement of the base was 2.49 mm (±1.03). Mean height (SD) was 1.52 mm (±0.88). Of the assessable cases, 78% had high internal reflectivity, the remaining 22% had medium-high internal reflectivity. All tumors’ internal structure was characteristically homogeneous. Mean follow-up was 33.6 months. Conclusion: Melanocytomas are small, benign tumors that are highly assessable by ocular ultrasound when their elevation surpasses 0.5 mm. In our study, the internal reflectivity ranged from high to very high, unlike other malignancies such as choroidal melanoma which tend to present with low internal reflectivity. The avascularity of the tumor is a common finding. Ultrasound is a remarkable tool that helps detect benign characteristics in a pigmented optic disk tumor and helps establish a more reliable diagnosis.

This study explores the differences between buyers and non-buyers in the adoption of electronic purchase intention in Colombia. Based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), a theoretical model that includes a set of five variables is established: performance expectations, effort expectations, social influence, facilitating conditions, and risk. The empirical results obtained from a final sample of 1,836 surveys emphasize the importance of performance expectations for both groups. Social Influence is another determinant of electronic purchase as well. In addition, an exploratory study of the moderating effect of the educational level and socioeconomic status for each group was performed, finding strong evidence of the influence of these demographic variables, which suggests that, as a conclusion that makes a great contribution to this country, access to electronic shopping is strongly related to educational level and socioeconomic status.

Aims: Automation in diabetes technology is rapidly evolving. The aim was to evaluate the real-world glycemic outcomes and user acceptance after 3 months of using the Medtronic 780G Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop (AHCL) system.Methods: A prospective analysis was performed. A glucose target of 100 mg/dl and an active insulin time of 2 h were set. Capillary HbA1c, 2-week of pump and sensor data and several satisfaction questionnaire scores were compared at baseline and after 3 months of using the AHCL system.Results: 52 subjects were selected (age: 43 ± 12 years, sex: 73% female, diabetes duration: 27 ± 11 years, higher education: 31%). Time in range (TIR) 70-180 mg/dl increased from 67.3 ± 13.6% to 80.1 ± 7.5% and time >180 mg/dl and >250 mg/dl were reduced (16.8 ± 8.4 vs 29.4 ± 15.1%, 2.7 ± 3.0% vs 6.9 ± 7.8%, respectively) (all p < 0.001), while time in hypoglycaemia remained below recommended targets. Time in Auto-Mode and sensor use were 94 ± 10% and 90 ± 11%, respectively. Auto-correction boluses represented 29 ± 12% of bolus insulin. Fear of hypoglycaemia, diabetes quality of life, sleep quality and satisfaction with the monitoring system improved after 3 months.Conclusion: The real-world use of the AHCL system Medtronic 780G provides an 80.1% TIR 70-180 mg/dl with minimal hypoglycaemia and an increased level of patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The long-term benefit provided by advanced hybrid closed-loop (AHCL) systems needs to be assessed in general populations and specific subpopulations., Methods: A prospective evaluation of subjects initiating the AHCL system 780G was performed. Time in range (70-180 mg/dl) (TIR), <70 mg/dl, <54 mg/dl, >180 mg/dl and >250 mg/dl were compared, at baseline and after one year, in different subpopulations, according to previous treatment (pump vs MDI), age (> or ≤25 years old) and hypoglycaemia risk at baseline., Results: 135 subjects were included (age: 35 ± 15 years, 64 % females, diabetes duration: 21 ± 12 years). An increase in TIR was found, from 67.26 ± 11.80 % at baseline to 77.41 ± 8.85 % after one year (p < 0.001). All the subgroups showed a significant improvement in TIR, time > 180 mg/dl and >250 mg/dl. At the 1-year evaluation, no significant differences were found, between previous pump users and MDI subjects. Children and young adults had a lower time < 70 mg/dl than adults. Subjects with a high risk of hypoglycaemia at baseline had a higher time spent at <70 mg/dl and <54 mg/dl than low-risk individuals., Conclusion: The initial benefit provided by the AHCL system is sustained in the long term. MDI subjects obtain the same outcomes as subjects with pump experience., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)