505 results on '"Jae Seoun Hur"'
Search Results
302. Sphingobacterium cladoniae sp. nov., isolated from lichen, Cladonia sp., and emended description of Sphingobacterium siyangense
- Author
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Dong-Heon Lee, Hyung-Yeel Kahng, and Jae Seoun Hur
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Sphingobacterium multivorum ,Lichens ,Molecular Sequence Data ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Republic of Korea ,Sphingobacterium cladoniae ,medicine ,Sphingobacterium ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,Base Composition ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology ,Strain (chemistry) ,Fatty Acids ,Vitamin K 2 ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,16S ribosomal RNA ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Sphingobacterium siyangense ,Bacteria - Abstract
A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain No.6T, was isolated from a lichen (Cladonia sp.) collected in Geogeum Island, Korea, and its taxonomic status was established by a polyphasic study. Cells of strain No.6T were non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming rods. Growth was observed at 15–35 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C), at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 6.0–8.0) and with 0–3 % NaCl (optimum, 0–2 %). The predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15 : 0 2-OH and/or C16 : 1ω7c, 41.5 %), iso-C15 : 0 (26.7 %) and C16 : 0 (9.6 %), and menaquinone MK-7 was the only respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain No.6T was 36.8 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain No.6T fell within the evolutionary group encompassed by the genus Sphingobacterium . Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel strain and the type strains of recognized Sphingobacterium species ranged from 92.1 to 99.1 %, the highest values being with Sphingobacterium siyangense SY1T (99.1 %) and Sphingobacterium multivorum IAM 14316T (98.5 %). DNA–DNA relatedness between strain No.6T and these two type strains were 32.0 and 5.7 %, respectively. The polar lipids found in strain No.6T were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified aminophospholipids, one glycolipid and four unidentified lipids. One unidentified sphingolipid was also found. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain No.6T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium , for which the name Sphingobacterium cladoniae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is No.6T ( = KCTC 22613T = JCM 16113T). An emended description of Sphingobacterium siyangense is also proposed.
- Published
- 2012
303. A new reducing polyketide synthase gene from the lichen-forming fungus Cladonia metacorallifera
- Author
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Jung A Kim, Soon Gyu Hong, Yong Hwa Cheong, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Young Jin Koh
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Lichens ,Physiology ,Sequence analysis ,030106 microbiology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Polyketide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biosynthesis ,Ascomycota ,Polyketide synthase ,Genetics ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Molecular Biology ,Peptide sequence ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,Genomic Library ,ATP synthase ,biology ,Base Sequence ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Protein Structure, Tertiary ,Blotting, Southern ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Dehydratase ,Polyketides ,biology.protein ,Phosphopantetheine ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Polyketide Synthases ,Acyltransferases - Abstract
Lichens produce unique polyketide sec- ondary metabolites including depsides, depsidones, dibenzofurans and depsones. The biosynthesis of these compounds is governed by polyketide synthase (PKS), but the mechanism via which they are produced has remained unclear until now. We reported the 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase (6-MSAS) type of PKS gene, which is a member of the fungal- reducing PKSs. A cultured mycobiont of Cladonia metacorallifera was employed in the isolation and characterization of a polyketide synthase gene (CmPKS1). The complete sequence information for CmPKS1 was acquired via the screening of a Fosmid genomic library with a 456 bp fragment correspond- ing to part of the acyl transferase (AT) domain as a probe. CmPKS1 contains b-ketoacyl synthase (KS), AT, dehydratase (DH), ketoreductase (KR) and phosphopantetheine attachment site (PP) do- mains.: The domain organization of CmPKS1 (KS- AT-DH-KR-PP) is a typical 6-MSAS-type PKS, and the results of phylogenetic analysis showed that CmPKS1 grouped with other fungal-reducing PKSs. Quantita- tive real time PCR analyses showed that CmPKS1 was expressed preferentially in the early growth stage of the axenically cultured mycobiont. Furthermore CmPKS1 expression was found to be dependent on the carbon sources and concentrations in the medium.
- Published
- 2012
304. Lethariella zahlbruckneri Acetone Extract-Induced Apoptosis of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells Involves Caspase Cascade and Mitochondria- Mediated Death Signaling
- Author
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Kim Jae Yong, Jae-Seoun Hur, Yeon-Kyong Lee, Ju-Hye Lee, Mi-Kyong Lee, and Kwon-Il Seo
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education.field_of_study ,biology ,Cell ,Population ,Apoptotic DNA fragmentation ,Mitochondrion ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,MCF-7 ,Apoptosis ,Cancer cell ,Cancer research ,medicine ,biology.protein ,education ,Caspase - Abstract
Lethariella zahlbruckneri has been traditionally used in tea and medicines in China. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer properties of L. zahlbruckneri acetone extract (AEL) and to explore its potential mechanisms on MCF- 7 human breast cancer cells. The polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations of were 14.4 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 6.5 mg quercetin equivalent/g, respectively. AEL inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time dependent manner. AEL significantly induced apoptotic cell death, resulting in an increase in the sub-G1 apoptotic cell population, apoptotic DNA fragmentation, and a morphological change. Pretreatment with a caspase inhibitor modestly attenuated the AEL-induced increase in the sub-G1 cell population, implying that caspases play a partial role in AEL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, AEL-induced apoptosis was associated with changes of caspase activities, up-regulation of the apoptotic protein (Bax), and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic protein (Bcl-2). AEL also induced apoptosis-inducing factor-release from mitochondria, indicating apoptosis stimulation through a caspaseindependent pathway. These results suggest that AEL exerts its anti-cancer effects on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells through mitochondrial caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic pathways.
- Published
- 2012
305. Effects of Atmospheric O3 on Azolla-Anabaena Symbiosis
- Author
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Alan R. Wellburn and Jae-Seoun Hur
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inorganic chemicals ,biology ,Anabaena ,Azolla pinnata ,Nitrogen assimilation ,Plant Science ,respiratory system ,biology.organism_classification ,Azolla ,Nitrite reductase ,Nitrate reductase ,complex mixtures ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nitrate ,chemistry ,Botany ,Nitrogen fixation - Abstract
Cultures of the water fern Azolla pinnata R, Br. exposed for 1 week to atmospheric NO2 (50, 100 or 200 nl l-1) induced additional levels of nitrate reductase (NaR) protein and nitrite reductase (NiR) activity. At low concentrations of NO2 (50 nl l-1), nitrate derived from NO2 provides an alternative N source for Azolla but does not affect rates of acetylene reduction. However, the symbiotic relationship between Azolla and its endosymbiont, Anabaena azollae is only affected adversely by high concentrations (100 and 200 nl l-1) of atmospheric NO2. The resultant decreases in rate of growth, nitrogen fixation, heterocyst formation, and overall nitrogen cycling are probably due to the additional accumulation of N products derived from higher levels of atmospheric NO2. Parallel increases in levels of polyamines suggest that Azolla partially alleviates these harmful effects by incorporating some of the extra NO2-induced N into polyamines.
- Published
- 1994
306. Anthracnose of Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides for, grandiflora Makino) Caused by Glomerella cingulata
- Author
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Jae Goon Lee, Young Jin Koh, Jae Seoun Hur, and Gyoung Hee Kim
- Subjects
biology ,Spots ,Inoculation ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Fungus ,Gardenia jasminoides ,biology.organism_classification ,Glomerella cingulata ,Spore ,Gardenia ,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ,Botany ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Anthracnose symptoms caused by Glomerella cingulata were observed on leaves and stems of gardenia in Sunchon, Jeonnam in Korea in 2000. Symptoms on infected plants typically appeared as irregularly circular, dark-brown ring spots and water-soaked brown lesions. Based on cultural and morphological characteristics, the fungus (G-00-03 isolate) from the diseased plants was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and its teleomorph stage was Glomerella cingulata. Healthy gardenia artificially inoculated with fungal spores showed anthracnose symptom 7 days after inoculation. This is the first report of gardenia anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata in Korea.
- Published
- 2002
307. [Untitled]
- Author
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Jae-Seoun Hur and Young-Jin Koh
- Subjects
biology ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Bioengineering ,Tio2 photocatalyst ,Portable water purification ,General Medicine ,Sterilization (microbiology) ,biology.organism_classification ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Wastewater ,Botany ,Photocatalysis ,Food science ,Bacteria ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Immobilized TiO2 photocatalysts were used to sterilize and reclaim the wastewater of bean sprout cultivation from a continuous hydro-circulation system. The photocatalysts effectively killed bacteria and degraded organic pollutants in the wastewater. Stimulation of bean sprout growth and suppression of decaying pathogens were also induced by the TiO2 photocatalytic activity.
- Published
- 2002
308. Effects of atmospheric SO2 on Azolla and Anabaena symbiosis
- Author
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Alan R. Wellburn and Jae-Seoun Hur
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biology ,Physiology ,Anabaena ,Antheraxanthin ,Azolla pinnata ,Cell Biology ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Azolla ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Symbiosis ,Botany ,Genetics ,Fern ,Heterocyst ,Violaxanthin - Abstract
The water fern Azolla pinnata R. Br. was fumigated for 1 week with either 25, 50 or 100 nl 1−1 SO2. The symbiosis of Azolla with Anabaena azollae (spp.) was severely damaged by atmospheric SO2 even at concentrations as low as 25 nl 1−1, with significant reductions in growth, reduction of C2H2, NH3 assimilation, protein synthesis, and heterocyst development. These disturbances appear to be mainly responsible for the extreme sensitivity of this fern to atmospheric SO2. Changes in violaxanthin/antheraxanthin and epoxy-lutein/lutein ratios also indicate that free radical products are induced by atmospheric SO2. These results suggest that the Azolla-Anabaena symbiotic system is a very responsive and reliable lower plant model to study the detailed effects of total sulphur deposition upon the balances between various important plant metabolic processes.
- Published
- 1993
309. Two new records of the lichen genus placynthiella elenkin in South Korea
- Author
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László Lőkös, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Yogesh Joshi, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Young Jin Koh
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biology ,New records ,Ecology ,Biodiversity ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Data science ,Placynthiella ,Research Note ,Infectious Diseases ,Trapeliaceae ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Lichen ,Taxonomy - Abstract
This study describes two new records of the lichen genus Placynthiella (P. hyporhoda and P. icmalea) from South Korea. A brief taxonomic description and comments are provided for the new records. An artificial key is also provided for known species of this genus in South Korea.
- Published
- 2010
310. Isolation and characterization of a reducing polyketide synthase gene from the lichen-forming fungus Usnea longissima
- Author
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Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Jung A Kim, Yi Wang, Yong Hwa Cheong, and Yogesh Joshi
- Subjects
Lichens ,Sequence analysis ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Microbiology ,Orsellinic acid ,Fungal Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polyketide ,Biosynthesis ,Polyketide synthase ,Amino Acid Sequence ,RNA, Messenger ,Phylogeny ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,General Medicine ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Acyl carrier protein ,Usnea ,Biochemistry ,chemistry ,Acyltransferase ,Dehydratase ,biology.protein ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Polyketide Synthases ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
The reducing polyketide synthases found in filamentous fungi are involved in the biosynthesis of many drugs and toxins. Lichens produce bioactive polyketides, but the roles of reducing polyketide synthases in lichens remain to be clearly elucidated. In this study, a reducing polyketide synthase gene (U1PKS3) was isolated and characterized from a cultured mycobiont of Usnea longissima. Complete sequence information regarding U1PKS3 (6,519 bp) was obtained by screening a fosmid genomic library. A U1PKS3 sequence analysis suggested that it contains features of a reducing fungal type I polyketide synthase with β-ketoacyl synthase (KS), acyltransferase (AT), dehydratase (DH), enoyl reductase (ER), ketoacyl reducatse (KR), and acyl carrier protein (ACP) domains. This domain structure was similar to the structure of ccRadsl, which is known to be involved in resorcylic acid lactone biosynthesis in Chaetomium chiversii. The results of phylogenetic analysis located U1PKS3 in the clade of reducing polyketide synthases. RT-PCR analysis results demonstrated that UIPKS3 had six intervening introns and that UIPKS3 expression was upregulated by glucose, sorbitol, inositol, and mannitol.
- Published
- 2010
311. Identification of Sculptolumina japonica (Physciaceae) in South Korea
- Author
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Jae-Seoun Hur, Thi Thuy Nguyen, Young Jin Koh, Yogesh Joshi, Xin Yu Wang, and László Lökös
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biology ,Lichens ,New records ,Ecology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Japonica ,Research Note ,Infectious Diseases ,Taxon ,Buellia ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Physciaceae ,Lichen ,Geographical distribution ,Taxonomy - Abstract
The paper describes identification of new microlichen (Sculptolumina japonica) in South Korea. A detailed taxonomic description and comments are presented for the taxa studied. Lichen genus Sculptolumina is reported for the first time for this country.
- Published
- 2010
312. Endocarpon subramulosum (Verrucariaceae) a New Species of Lichenized Fungi from South Korea
- Author
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Jae-Seoun Hur and Yogesh Joshi
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biology ,Ecology ,Endocarpon ,Verrucariaceae ,Pyrenocarpous lichens ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,New species ,Research Note ,Infectious Diseases ,Temperate climate ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Taxonomy - Abstract
In this paper, we describe Endocarpon subramulosum as a new species from temperate regions of South Korea, which grows over soil on rocks. The proposed new species is morphologically similar to E. ramulosum Harada, which has so far been reported from Japan.
- Published
- 2013
313. Thelotrema subtile and Verrucaria muralis New to Korea
- Author
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Yogesh Joshi, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Xin Yu Wang
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biology ,Verrucaria muralis ,Thelotrema ,Lichenized fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Research Note ,Infectious Diseases ,Taxon ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Lichen ,Taxonomy - Abstract
The paper describes two new records of micro-lichens from South Korea. Detailed taxonomic descriptions and comments are presented for both of the studied taxa. The lichen genus Thelotrema is reported for the first time in Korea.
- Published
- 2009
314. Diversity of the lichenized fungi in King George Island, Antarctica, revealed by phylogenetic analysis of partial large subunit rDNA sequences
- Author
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Jin Sung, Lee, Hong Kum, Lee, Jae-Seoun, Hur, Mikhail, Andreev, and Soon Gyu, Hong
- Subjects
Lichens ,Genes, Fungal ,Fungi ,Antarctic Regions ,Biodiversity ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic ,DNA, Fungal ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sequence Alignment ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Lichens are predominant and important components of flora in the terrestrial ecosystem of Antarctica. However, relatively few researches on the phylogenetic position of Antarctic lichen-forming fungi have been accomplished. In this study, partial sequences of nuclear large subunit rDNAs from 50 Antarctic specimens were obtained and the phylogeny was reconstructed. Antarctic lichen species were distributed among 4 orders, including the monophyletic order Agyrales, paraphyletic orders Pertusariales and Teloschistales, and polyphyletic order Lecanorales. Species diversity was highest in the order Lecanorales, followed by Teloschistales and Pertusariales. Based on the phylogeny and sequence similarity analyses, it is proposed that the taxonomy of Stereocaulon alpinum, Physcia caesia, Usnea aurantiacoatra, and Cladonia species should be revised by careful examination of their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. Six species known to be endemic to Antarctica, Catillaria corymbosa, Himantormia lugubris, Leptogium puberulum, Pertusaria pertusa, Rhizoplaca aspidophora, and Umbilicaria antarctica, formed unique lineages, implying independent origins in the Antarctic area.
- Published
- 2008
315. Characterisation of heavy metal tolerance and biosorption capacity of bacterium strain CPB4 (Bacillus spp.)
- Author
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Jong-Soo Heo, Dong-Cheol Seo, Ju-Sik Cho, Y.H. Cheong, S.U. Kim, and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
Chromium ,Environmental Engineering ,Bacillus ,Cell wall ,Metal ,Bioremediation ,Adsorption ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Nickel ,Metals, Heavy ,Soil Pollutants ,Soil Microbiology ,Water Science and Technology ,Korea ,Strain (chemistry) ,Chemistry ,Metallurgy ,Biosorption ,Temperature ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Alkali metal ,Soil contamination ,Zinc ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,Lead ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Copper ,Nuclear chemistry ,Cadmium - Abstract
A heavy metal resistant bacterium Bacillus spp. strain CPB4 was isolated from heavy metal contaminated soil in Korea and further characterised. The CPB4 strain showed a high capacity for uptake of heavy metal Pb (Pb > Cd > Cu > Ni > Co > Mn > Cr > Zn) both in single and in mixed heavy metal solution. Optimal conditions for heavy metal uptakes of CPB4 strain were 20–40 °C culture temperature, 5–7 pH and 24 h pre-culture times. TEM showed that large amounts of the electron-dense granules (heavy metal complexes) were found mainly on the cell wall and cell membrane. Furthermore, more than 90% of adsorbed heavy metals were distributed both in cell wall and in cell membrane fractions. The amount of heavy metal uptake was remarkably decreased by reducing the crude protein contents when cells were treated by alkali solutions. Therefore, this study showed one of the possible examples for useful bioremediation.
- Published
- 2007
316. Cercosporamide, a polyketide-derived fungal metabolite, serves as an antifungal agent against phytopathogenic fungi.
- Author
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Rundong Liu, Paguirigan, Jaycee Augusto, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Wonyong Kim
- Subjects
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POLYKETIDES , *PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms , *ENDOPHYTIC fungi , *COLLETOTRICHUM gloeosporioides , *PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi , *ANTHRACNOSE , *ANTIFUNGAL agents , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents - Abstract
An endophytic fungus, Phoma sp. NG-25, produces a set of structurally related polyketides including cercosporamide, phomodione, and usnic acid, among which, cercosporamide has been reported to have strong antifungal and anticancer activities. In this study, Phoma sp. NG-25 was grown in seven growth media to determine the optimal culture condition conducive for cercosporamide production. Cercosporamide production peaked on the eighteenth day of incubation in beef peptone dextrose (BPD) broth media. The cercosporamide titer reached to an average of 77.5 µg/mL in BPD. Paper disk diffusion assay revealed that culture filtrate containing cercosporamide as a major constituent inhibited the growth of taxonomically diverse plant pathogens, including ascomycetous, basidiomycetous, and oomycete fungi. Cercosporamide exhibited strong antifungal activities against two pepper anthracnose pathogens, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. scovillei with EC50 values of 3.8 and 7.0 µg/mL, respectively. This study suggests the potential application of cercosporamide as an effective antifungal agent in controlling anthracnose in pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
317. Lichen flora around the Korean Antarctic Scientific Station, King George Island, Antarctic
- Author
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Ji Hee, Kim, In-Young, Ahn, Soon Gyu, Hong, Mikhail, Andreev, Kwang-Mi, Lim, Mi Jin, Oh, Young Jin, Koh, and Jae-Seoun, Hur
- Subjects
RNA, Ribosomal, 23S ,Korea ,Geography ,Lichens ,RNA, Ribosomal ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,Molecular Sequence Data ,RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ,Antarctic Regions ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Environmental Monitoring ,RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S - Abstract
As part of the long-term monitoring projects on Antarctic terrestrial vegetation in relation to global climate change, a lichen floristical survey was conducted around the Korean Antarctic Station (King Sejong Station), which is located on Barton Peninsula, King George Island, in January and February of 2006. Two hundred and twenty-five lichen specimens were collected and sixty-two lichen species in 38 genera were identified by morphological characteristics, chemical constituents, TLC analysis and ITS nucleotide sequence analysis.
- Published
- 2006
318. New Record of Karoowia saxeti (Stizenb.) Hale in South Korea
- Author
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Yoshikazu Yamamoto, Jae Seoun Hur, Young Jin Koh, Hiroshi Harada, You Mi Lee, and Kwang Mi Lim
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Hplc analysis ,Sticitic acid ,Korea ,Lichen-forming fungi ,Karoowia saxeti ,Usnic acid ,Isidia ,Lichen ,Biology ,Note ,Microbiology ,Thallus ,Stictic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Botany ,Norstictic acid - Abstract
Karoowia saxeti was recorded during the lichen field expedition in southern part of Korea in 2006. The lichen was found on the rock surface along coastal line. This species was easily recognized by chemistry (K+ yellow) and the presence of isidia. Thallus was saxicolous, subcrustose, more or less lobate at the center with clearly lobed margins, 2~6 cm broad and pale yellowish green. Thalli lobes were irregular, variable, up to 1.0mm wide, not branched, flat to more or less convex and contiguous to subimbricate. Upper surface of the thalli was continuous, emaculate, moderately isidiate. The isidia was subglobose to cynlindrical, darkening at the tips and unbranched. Low surface of the thalii was black with a spongy rhizoidal and lamellar layer. HPLC analysis proved the presence of stictic acid (K+ yellow), norstictic acid and usnic acid. This is the first record of the species in South Korea.
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- 2006
319. The Genus Chlorociboria, Blue-Green Micromycetes in South Korea.
- Author
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Dong Liu, Huan Wang, Jung Shin Park, and Jae-Seoun Hur
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MICROFUNGI ,SPECIES diversity ,MOLECULAR phylogeny ,STATISTICAL methods in phylogeny ,FUNGAL morphology - Abstract
The species of the genus Chlorociboria Seaver are very common on the forest floor, and can be easily distinguished by small and numerous blue-green fruitbody, especially the blue substrate dyed with xylindein produced by this group. This genus has rather high species diversity in the Southern Hemisphere, while a little attention was paid to this group in East Asia area. During a field survey in South Korea, several Chlorociboria specimens were collected. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, three species of Chlorociboria were reported, including one new record in South Korea and one new record in Jeju Island. The key to the species of Chlorociboria from South Korea is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
320. A Multifunctional and Possible Skin UV Protectant, (3R)-5-Hydroxymellein, Produced by an Endolichenic Fungus Isolated from Parmotrema austrosinense.
- Author
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Lu Zhao, Jin-Cheol Kim, Man-Jeong Paik, Wonjae Lee, and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Abstract
Lichens are considered a great bio-resource because they produce large numbers of secondary metabolites with many biological activities; however, they have not been cultivated under artificial conditions to date. As a result, lichen substances from natural sources are limited and have not been widely utilized in commercial applications. Accordingly, interest in lichen-associated fungi, especially endogenic fungi, has increased. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight is harmful to human health, resulting in demand for effective UV filtering agents for use in sunscreen. In this study, we purified (3R)-5-hydroxymellein, which has UVA absorption activity, from the secondary metabolites of an endolichenic fungus (ELF000039). The antioxidant properties were then assessed by in vitro tests. The antioxidant activity of (3R)-5-hydroxymellein was high when compared to the recognized antioxidants ascorbic acid (ASA) and butyl hydroxyl anisole (BHA). Moreover, the compound exhibited no cytotoxicity toward mouse melanoma cell lines, B16F1 and B16F10, or the normal cell line, HaCaT. Furthermore, (3R)-5-hydroxymellein recovered the damage caused by UVB irradiation and inhibited melanin synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that (3R)-5-hydroxymellein could have an interesting and vital profile to go further development as a multifunctional skin UV protectant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
321. Highland macrolichen flora of Northwestern Yunnan, China
- Author
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Jae-Seoun, Hur, Li-Song, Wang, Soon-Ok, Oh, Gyoung Hee, Kim, Kwang-Mi, Lim, Jae-Sung, Jung, and Young Jin, Koh
- Subjects
China ,Lichens ,Altitude ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Ecosystem ,RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S - Abstract
Fifty-six species in 36 genera of macrolichens are reported from the Zhongdian area, northwest Yunnan, China during the lichenological expedition for highland macrolichen survey in June, 2004. More than 60% of these species have not been reported in South Korea. All of the 182 collected specimens are deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) at Sunchon National University in Korea, and some of them are duplicated in the lichen herbarium, Crytogamic Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica (KUN-L) in China. This is the first report on the macrolichen flora in the visited areas.
- Published
- 2005
322. Occurrence of the strA-strB streptomycin resistance genes in Pseudomonas species isolated from kiwifruit plants
- Author
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Hyo Shim, Han, Young Jin, Koh, Jae-Seoun, Hur, and Jae Sung, Jung
- Subjects
Korea ,Japan ,Pseudomonas ,Actinidia ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Molecular Sequence Data ,DNA Transposable Elements ,Streptomycin ,Sequence Analysis ,Anti-Bacterial Agents - Abstract
The occurrence of strA-strB streptomycin-resistance genes within transposon Tn5393 was examined in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, P. syringae pv. syringae, and P. marginalis, isolated from kiwifruit plants in Korea and Japan. PCR amplification with primers specific to strA-strB revealed that three of the tested Pseudomonas species harbored these genes for a streptomycin-resistance determinant. Tn5393, containing strA-strB, was also identified with PCR primers designed to amplify parts of tnpA, res, and tnpR. No IS elements were detected within tnpR, nor were they found in the intergenic region between tnpR and strA. Nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that the strA sequence of P. syringae pv. actinidiae contained a single nucleotide alteration at position 593 (CAA--CGA), as compared to Tn5393a in P. syringae pv. syringae. This resulted in an amino acid change, from Gln to Arg.
- Published
- 2005
323. Introduction of saxicolous lichens distributed in coastal rocks of U-do islet in Jeju, Korea
- Author
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Hyung-Yeel, Kahng, Byoung-Jun, Yoon, Sung-Hyun, Kim, Duck-Ja, Shin, Jae-Seoun, Hur, Hyun-Woo, Kim, Eui-Sung, Kang, Kye-Heon, Oh, and Young Jin, Koh
- Subjects
Geologic Sediments ,Korea ,Lichens ,Environmental Microbiology ,Seawater ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Phylogeny - Abstract
This study reports, for the first time, the investigation of the distribution of Korean saxicolous lichens in the coastal rocks of U-do islet, which is known as an unpolluted zone in Jeju. More than thirty lichens were obtained and investigated from the coastal rocks frequently contacted by seawater. A molecular analysis using PCR amplification of the rRNA ITS regions revealed the coastal rock lichens could be placed into 8 families and 14 genera, Ramalinaceae (Bacidia, Ramalina), Physciaceae (Buellia, Dirinaria, Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Pyxine), Lecanoraceae (Candelaria, Lecanora), Parmeliaceae (Xanthoparmelia), Graphidaceae (Graphis), Pertusariaceae (Pertusaria), Rhizocarpaceae (Rhizocarpon), and Teloschistaceae (Caloplaca), showing a diversity of lichens, with foliose (flat leaf-like), crustose (crust-like), and fruticose (miniature shrub-like) life forms might be distributed in the coastal rocks. These findings suggested the possibility that the lichens identified in the present work might be resistant to a salty environment.
- Published
- 2005
324. Three New Species and Nine New Records in the Genus Arthonia from South Korea.
- Author
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Beeyoung Gun Lee and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
- *
LICHEN classification , *LICHEN ecology , *COMPOSITION of lichens , *SPECIES diversity , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Arthonia coreana, Arthonia superpallens, and Arthonia zelkovae are new species from South Korea. All new species are in the Euarthonia tribe, based on the key characteristics of colorless hypothecium and multi-cellular spores. A. coreana has a dull brownish hypophloedal thallus without bleaching and rounded or curved big apothecia in comparison with those of Arthonia punctiformis. A. coreana consistently exhibits 4-septate ascospores, which is a distinctive characteristic that distinguishes it from other Arthonia species. A. superpallens has a white-greenish thallus, pale yellowish apothecia, and a trentepohlioid alga. However, A. superpallens has no distinct prothallus, adnate, and convex apothecia, no pycnidia, and is UV-, in contrast with related species in the Arthonia antillarum group. A. zelkovae has a white, epiphloedal thallus, brownish-black epruinose apothecia covered with a whitish bark layer, and smaller ascospores in comparison with those of A. punctiformis. A. zelkovae consists of a chlorococcoid alga, which differs from related Arthonia species such as A. punctiformis, Arthonia pinastri, and Arthonia glaucella. Although A. zelkovae is similar to Arthonia dispersa in its white-colored thallus, blackish apothecia, and the presence of a chlorococcoid photobiont, A. zelkovae differs from the latter in having larger-sized 3-septate ascospores. Arthonia cinnabarina f. marginata, A. glaucella, Arthonia ilicinella, Arthonia lapidicola, Arthonia leioplacella, Arthonia pertabescens, A. pinastri, Arthonia spadicea, and Arthonia stellaris are newly described in Korea. The diagnostic characteristics of these species are discussed and presented. An artificial key is provided to facilitate identification of Arthonia species from Northeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
325. Distribution of lichen flora on South Korea
- Author
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Jae-Seoun, Hur, Hiroshi, Harada, Soon-Ok, Oh, Kwang-Mi, Lim, Eui-Sung, Kang, Seung Mi, Lee, Hyung-Yeel, Kahng, Hyun-Woo, Kim, Jae-Sung, Jung, and Young Jin, Koh
- Subjects
Korea ,Geography ,Lichens ,Ecosystem - Abstract
After an overview on the temporary situation of the lichenology in South Korea, localities of 95 macrolichen taxa are reported for South Korea. In this revised lichen flora of South Korea, 16 species are apparently new to the territory. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) at Sunchon National University in Korea, and duplicates have also been donated to the National History Museum and Institute, in Chiba, (CBM) Japan.
- Published
- 2004
326. Lichen Secondary Metabolites in Flavocetraria cucullata Exhibit Anti-Cancer Effects on Human Cancer Cells through the Induction of Apoptosis and Suppression of Tumorigenic Potentials
- Author
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Min-Hye Jeong, Hangun Kim, Jae-Seoun Hur, Kyung Keun Kim, Soon-Ok Oh, Ho-Bin Lee, Sung-Tae Yee, Jong-Jin Kim, Florin Crişan, Thanh Thi Nguyen, Somy Yoon, Cheol Moon, Yi Yang, and Kwang Youl Lee
- Subjects
Carcinogenesis ,Cell ,Cancer Treatment ,lcsh:Medicine ,Secondary Metabolism ,Apoptosis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cell Signaling ,Cell Movement ,Molecular Cell Biology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Annexin A5 ,Phosphorylation ,lcsh:Science ,Apoptotic Signaling ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Cell Death ,Usnic acid ,Cancer Cell Migration ,Cell Motility ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Biochemistry ,Cell Processes ,Cell Movement Signaling ,Research Article ,Signal Transduction ,Signal Inhibition ,Lichens ,Population ,Mice, Nude ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Cell Migration ,Biology ,Chemoprevention ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Botany ,Cell Adhesion ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,MTT assay ,education ,Benzofurans ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell Nucleus ,lcsh:R ,G1 Phase ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Cell Biology ,chemistry ,Cancer cell ,lcsh:Q ,Apoptotic signaling pathway ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - Abstract
Lichens are symbiotic organisms which produce distinct secondary metabolic products. In the present study, we tested the cytotoxic activity of 17 lichen species against several human cancer cells and further investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-cancer activity. We found that among 17 lichens species, F. cucullata exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity in several human cancer cells. High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the acetone extract of F. cucullata contains usnic acid, salazinic acid, Squamatic acid, Baeomycesic acid, d-protolichesterinic acid, and lichesterinic acid as subcomponents. MTT assay showed that cancer cell lines were more vulnerable to the cytotoxic effects of the extract than non-cancer cell lines. Furthermore, among the identified subcomponents, usnic acid treatment had a similar cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines but with lower potency than the extract. At a lethal dose, treatment with the extract or with usnic acid greatly increased the apoptotic cell population and specifically activated the apoptotic signaling pathway; however, using sub-lethal doses, extract and usnic acid treatment decreased cancer cell motility and inhibited in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic potentials. In these cells, we observed significantly reduced levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and phosphor-Akt, while phosphor-c-Jun and phosphor-ERK1/2 levels were only marginally affected. Overall, the anti-cancer activity of the extract is more potent than that of usnic acid alone. Taken together, F. cucullata and its subcomponent, usnic acid together with additional component, exert anti-cancer effects on human cancer cells through the induction of apoptosis and the inhibition of EMT.
- Published
- 2014
327. Overview of Xanthoparmelia taxa from South Korea including the description of two new species (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)
- Author
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Jung A Kim, Jae-Seoun Hur, Pradeep K. Divakar, Soon Ok Oh, Udeni Jayalal, and Santosh Joshi
- Subjects
Monophyly ,Taxon ,biology ,Parmeliaceae ,Botany ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Identification key ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Plant Science ,Xanthoparmelia ,biology.organism_classification ,Endemism ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
In the genus Xanthoparmelia, species boundaries are based on morphological and chemical features such as the presence and/or absence of secondary metabolites, diagnostic reproductive structures, isidia morphology, and color of lower surface. Two new species of Xanthoparmelia are described from South Korea, X. kolriana with cylindrical isidia containing atranorin and salazinic acid as major components in the medulla together with cortical usnic acid, while X. volcanicola is characterised by a red coloured medulla, and subglobose isidia. The characteristics of Xanthoparmelia species and their distribution in South Korea are outlined and an identification key given. Additionally, we used ITS ribosomal DNA sequences to assess the monophyly of Xanthoparmelia species from South Korea. Our results reveal that traditionally circumscribed species were not recovered as monophyletic clades. Further, we here show that ITS is insufficient to estimate a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis, but suggests that traditional taxonomy may not reflect natural groups. This communication provides an important framework for future studies assessing species boundaries in Xanthoparmelia species in South Korea.
- Published
- 2014
328. Cladonia peziziformis (Lichenized Ascomycota, Cladoniaceae) New to Korea
- Author
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You Mi Lee, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, Hyun Hur, Funny Bae, and Xin Yu Wang
- Subjects
Foliose lichen ,Korea ,biology ,Ascomycota ,Cladonia peziziformis ,biology.organism_classification ,Note ,Microbiology ,Cladoniaceae ,Thallus ,New record ,Ascocarp ,Infectious Diseases ,Botany ,Fumarprotocetraric acid ,Lichen-forming fungus - Abstract
Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J.R. Laundon was collected from Baega mountain, Jeonnam Province, Korea in 2008. It is characterized by short and slender podetia with verruculose surface, split along the sides. Apothecia large, pale brown, always growing on the top of the podetia. Primary squamules shell-like, thick, and convex. Fumarprotocetraric acid contained in thallus. This is the first record of this species in Korea.
- Published
- 2008
329. Versatile biocatalysis of fungal cytochrome P450 monooxygenases.
- Author
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Pradeepraj Durairaj, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Hyungdon Yun
- Subjects
- *
CYTOCHROME P-450 , *BIOCATALYSIS , *MONOOXYGENASES , *REDUCTASES , *BIOCHEMICAL substrates - Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases, the nature's most versatile biological catalysts have unique ability to catalyse regio-, chemo-, and stereospecific oxidation of a wide range of substrates under mild reaction conditions, thereby addressing a significant challenge in chemocatalysis. Though CYP enzymes are ubiquitous in all biological kingdoms, the divergence of CYPs in fungal kingdom is manifold. The CYP enzymes play pivotal roles in various fungal metabolisms starting from housekeeping biochemical reactions, detoxification of chemicals, and adaptation to hostile surroundings. Considering the versatile catalytic potentials, fungal CYPs has gained wide range of attraction among researchers and various remarkable strategies have been accomplished to enhance their biocatalytic properties. Numerous fungal CYPs with multispecialty features have been identified and the number of characterized fungal CYPs is constantly increasing. Literature reveals ample reviews on mammalian, plant and bacterial CYPs, however, modest reports on fungal CYPs urges a comprehensive review highlighting their novel catalytic potentials and functional significances. In this review, we focus on the diversification and functional diversity of fungal CYPs and recapitulate their unique and versatile biocatalytic properties. As such, this review emphasizes the crucial issues of fungal CYP systems, and the factors influencing efficient biocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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330. Lichen-forming fungus Caloplaca flavoruscens inhibits transcription factors and chromatin remodeling system in fungi.
- Author
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Youngho Kwon, Jaeyul Cha, Jennifer Chiang, Grant Tran, Corey Nislow, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Youn-Sig Kwak
- Subjects
LICHEN-forming fungi ,PLANT extracts ,BIOCHEMICAL mechanism of action ,GENETIC transcription ,CHROMATIN ,FUNGI - Abstract
Lichen-forming fungi and extracts derived from them have been used as alternative medicine sources for millennia and recently there has been a renewed interest in their known bioactive properties for anticancer agents, cosmetics and antibiotics. Although lichen-forming fungus-derived compounds are biologically and commercially valuable, few studies have been performed to determine their modes of action. This study used chemical-genetic and chemogenomic high-throughput analyses to gain insight into the modes of action of Caloplaca flavoruscens extracts. High-throughput screening of 575 lichen extracts was performed and 39 extracts were identified which inhibited yeast growth. A C. flavoruscens extract was selected as a promising antifungal and was subjected to genome-wide haploinsufficiency profiling and homozygous profiling assays. These screens revealed that yeast deletion strains lacking Rsc8, Prol and Toa2 were sensitive to three concentrations (IC
25.5 , IC25 and IC50 , respectively) of C. flavoruscens extract. Gene-enrichment analysis of the data showed that C. flavoruscens extracts appear to perturb transcription and chromatin remodeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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331. New Species and New Records of Buellia (Lichenized Ascomycetes) from Jeju Province, South Korea.
- Author
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Xin Yu Wang, Dong Liu, László Lőkös, Kondratyuk, Sergey Y., Soon-Ok Oh, Jung Shin Park, and jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
BUELLIA ,ASCOMYCETES ,PLANT phylogeny ,PLANT classification ,XANTHONE - Abstract
A new species and 2 new records of lichen genus Buellia were discovered from Chuja-do Island in Jeju Province during a recent floristic survey: B. chujana X. Y. Wang, S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkös & J.-S. Hur sp. nov., B. halonia (Ach.) Tuck., and B. mamillana (Tuck.) W. A. Weber. The new species is characterized by a brown, areolate thallus, the presence of perlatolic acid, and a saxicolous habitat. Together with previously recorded species, 10 Buellia species were confirmed from Jeju-do Island. Among these species, 3 growing in the exposed rocky area contained xanthone (yellowish lichen thallus, UV + orange), indicating that production of xanthone in this genus might be a defense strategy against the harm of UV light. Although the genus Buellia has been thoroughly studied in Korea before, novel species have been discovered continuously, and large species diversity has been found in this crustose genus, even from a small rocky island. This study indicates that the coastal area harbors a vast number of crustose lichen species, and there is great potential to discover unknown lichens in the coastal rocky area in Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
332. Lichen as Bioindicators: Assessing their Response to Heavy Metal Pollution in Their Native Ecosystem.
- Author
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Jiho Yang, Soon-Ok Oh, and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
- *
BIOINDICATORS , *HEAVY metal toxicology , *LICHENS , *FATTY acid oxidation , *SOIL formation , *HEAVY metals , *BROOD stock assessment - Abstract
Lichens play crucial roles in the ecosystems, contributing to soil formation and nutrient cycling, and being used in biomonitoring efforts to assess the sustainability of ecosystems including air quality. Previous studies on heavy metal accumulation in lichens have mostly relied on manipulated environments, such as transplanted lichens, leaving us with a dearth of research on how lichens physiologically respond to heavy metal exposure in their natural habitats. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated lichens from two of South Korea's geographically distant regions, Gangwon Province and Jeju Island, and examined whether difference in ambient heavy metal concentrations could be detected through physiological variables, including chlorophyll damage, lipid oxidation, and protein content. The physiological variables of lichens in response to heavy metals differed according to the collection area: Arsenic exerted a significant impact on chlorophyll degradation and protein content. The degree of fatty acid oxidation in lichens was associated with increased Cu concentrations. Our research highlights the value of lichens as a bioindicator, as we found that even small variations in ambient heavy metal concentrations can be detected in natural lichens. Furthermore, our study sheds light on which physiology variables that can be used as indicators of specific heavy metals, underscoring the potential of lichens for future ecology studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
333. A Lichen GenusPorpidia(Porpidiaceae) from South Korea
- Author
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Jae-Seoun Hur, Yogesh Joshi, and Xin Yu Wang
- Subjects
Lichens ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Bioinformatics ,Microbiology ,New record ,Research Note ,Infectious Diseases ,Porpidia macrocarpa ,Crustose lichen ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Lichen ,Porpidia ,Porpidiaceae ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Taxonomic study of the crustose lichen Porpidia was performed in this paper. Three species are described, including two recorded species and one new record: Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & A. J. Schwab. A description of each species is presented along with morphological, anatomic, and chemical characteristics. A key to the identification of species of Porpidia is also presented.
- Published
- 2011
334. Further Additions to Lichen GenusBuelliaDe Not. in South Korea
- Author
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Jae Seoun Hur, Yogesh Joshi, and Young Jin Koh
- Subjects
Lichens ,Ecology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,New record ,Research Note ,Infectious Diseases ,Taxon ,Buellia ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Lichen ,Geographical distribution ,Taxonomy - Abstract
The paper describes two new records of the lichen genus Buellia (B. badia and B. nashii) from South Korea. A detailed taxonomic description and comments are presented for both taxa. An updated key representing all Buellia species known from South Korea is also provided.
- Published
- 2010
335. Notes on the Existence ofLeucodecton desquamescens(Thelotremoid Graphidaceae) in South Korea
- Author
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Yogesh Joshi, Xin Yu Wang, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Subjects
Leucodecton desquamescens ,Lichens ,biology ,Graphidaceae ,Leucodecton ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Thallus ,Ascocarp ,Research Note ,Thelotremoid Graphidaceae ,Infectious Diseases ,Taxon ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Lichen ,Taxonomy - Abstract
This study describes a new record of a thelotremoid lichen (Leucodecton desquamescens) from South Korea. The taxon is characterized by thick, bulging thallus with many calcium oxalate crystal inclusions; an immersed, round to irregular ascomata with free exciple, ellipsoid to ± roundish submuriform, brown ascospores, and lack of secondary metabolites. A detailed taxonomic description and comments are presented for this taxon. The lichen genus Leucodecton is reported for the first time in South Korea.
- Published
- 2010
336. Dactylospora glaucomarioides(Ascomycetes,Dactylosporaceae): A Lichenicolous Fungus New to South Korea
- Author
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Xin Yu Wang, Yogesh Joshi, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Kerry Knudsen
- Subjects
Lichenicolous fungi ,Flora ,Lichens ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Ascomycetes ,New record ,Thallus ,Ascocarp ,Research Note ,Lichenicolous fungus ,Infectious Diseases ,Herbarium ,Dactylosporaceae ,Botany ,Lichen ,Ochrolechia - Abstract
The lichenicolous fungi flora of South Korea is poorly known. During recent field trips to various parts of South Korea and after an extensive examination of herbarium lichen specimens, we encountered a lichenicolous fungi growing over a thallus of the lichen Ochrolechia yasudae Vain., characterized by small black apothecia with mostly three-septate brown ascospores. It was identified as Dactylospora glaucomarioides. This is the first report of this lichenicolous fungus from South Korea. A taxonomic description and comments are presented.
- Published
- 2010
337. Notes on Lichen GenusBuelliaDe Not. (lichenized Ascomycetes) from South Korea
- Author
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Xin Yu Wang, László Lökös, Yogesh Joshi, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Young Jin Koh
- Subjects
geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Lichen-forming fungi ,Hafellia ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Research Note ,Key ,Infectious Diseases ,Peninsula ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Buellia ,East Asia ,Amandinea ,Lichen ,Literature survey ,Geographical distribution ,Taxonomy - Abstract
Based on a literature survey and assessment of the important features of lichen genus Buellia (spore shape and size, anatomy of the exciple as well as analysis of the lichen substances), the present paper describes four new records of B. maritima, B. polyspora, B. spuria and B. stellulata from South Korea. Among them, B. maritima and B. polyspora are firstly reported in East Asia including in China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Brief description of all the new records along with earlier described species placed under genus Amandinea and Hafellia are provided with their distribution and chemistry. A key to all the Buellia species reported so far from South Korea is also provided.
- Published
- 2010
338. Plant Hormones Promote Growth in Lichen-Forming Fungi
- Author
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Young Jin Koh, Jung A Kim, Xin Yu Wang, Hae Sook Jeon, Heng Luo, Jae Seoun Hur, and Xinli Wei
- Subjects
Fungal growth ,Lichen-forming fungi ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Nephromopsis ornata ,Indole-3-butyric acid ,Fungus ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,Dry weight ,chemistry ,2,3,5-Triiodobenzoic acid ,Botany ,Lichen ,Research Article ,Hormone - Abstract
The effect of plant hormones on the growth of lichen-forming fungi (LFF) was evaluated. The use of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and indole-3-butyric acid resulted in a 99% and 57% increase in dry weight of the lichen-forming fungus Nephromopsis ornata. The results suggest that some plant hormones can be used as inducers or stimulators of LFF growth for large-scale culture.
- Published
- 2010
339. Notes on Some New Records of Macro- and Micro-lichens from Korea
- Author
-
Yogesh Joshi, Bong-Kyu Byun, Xin Yu Wang, Young Jin Koh, Jae-Seoun Hur, and You Mi Lee
- Subjects
food.ingredient ,biology ,Verrucaria ,Lecanora ,Parmotrema ,Lichenized fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Leprocaulon ,Infectious Diseases ,food ,Xanthoria parietina ,Chrysothrix candelaris ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Lichen ,Geographical distribution ,Research Article ,Taxonomy - Abstract
The paper describes nine new records of macro- and micro-lichens from Korea. A brief taxonomic description and comments are presented for all the studied taxa (Catapyrenium squamellum, Chrysothrix candelaris, Endocarpon pallidulum, Endocarpon petrolepideum, Lecanora oreinoides, Leprocaulon albicans, Parmotrema saccatilobum, Verrucaria glaucina and Xanthoria parietina). The lichen genera Catapyrenium, Chrysothrix and Verrucaria are reported for the first time in this country.
- Published
- 2009
340. Taxonomic Study ofPeltigera(Peltigeraceae, Ascomycota) in Korea
- Author
-
Xin Yu Wang, Jae-Seoun Hur, Young Jin Koh, and Xinli Wei
- Subjects
Genotype ,Phylogenetic tree ,Ascomycota ,Peltigera elisabethae ,Peltigera ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,New record ,Thallus ,Ascocarp ,Monophyly ,Phenotype ,Infectious Diseases ,Botany ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Internal transcribed spacer ,Research Article ,Taxonomy - Abstract
A taxonomic study of Peltigera in South Korea was performed. The phylogenetic analysis based on nr DNA internal transcribed spacer sequences suggests that Peltigera is a well-supported monophyletic group. Important characteristics are the phycobiont type of thallus and the vein type at the lower cortex (wide and flat, or narrow and ridged). The vertical or horizontal arrangement of the apothecia is also important in distinguishing species in this genus. Eleven species of Peltigera were revealed and confirmed, which included one new record, P. elisabethae. A description of each species is presented with morphological, anatomic, and chemical characteristics, and comparisons between similar species are made. A key to the species is also presented.
- Published
- 2009
341. Effect of Ribitol and Plant Hormones on Aposymbiotical Growth of the Lichen-forming Fungi ofRamalina farinaceaandRamalina fastigiata
- Author
-
Young Jin Koh, Keon Seon Han, Xin Yu Wang, Yi Wang, and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,2,3,5-Tridobenzoic acid ,Lichen-forming fungi ,Indole-3-butyric acid ,biology.organism_classification ,Ribitol ,Fungal growth ,Microbiology ,Ramalina fastigiata ,Ramalina farinacea ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,Polyol ,chemistry ,Botany ,Ramalina ,Lichen ,Research Article ,Hormone - Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the growth promoting effect of symbiotic algal polyol (ribitol) and plant hormones on the lichen-forming fungi (LFF), Ramalina farinacea (CH050010 and 40403) and Ramalina fastigiata. The addition of ribitol to basal (malt-yeast extract) medium enhanced the relative growth rates of all three LFF. R. farinacea (CH050010), R. farinacea (40403) and R. fastigiata (H06127) showed 35.3%, 29.0% and 29.3% higher growth rates, respectively, compared to the control. IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and TIBA (2,3,5-tridobenzoic acid) also increased growth rates of the LFF by 34 to 64% and 7 to 28%, respectively, compared to the control. The combination of ribitol with IBA or TIBA synergistically increased the growth of all LFF. For example, ribitol and IBA treatments increased growth rates of R. farinacea (CH050010), R. farinacea (40403) and R. fastigiata (H06127) by 79.4%, 40.3% and 72.8% in, respectively, compared to those grown on the basal medium. The stimulating effect of ribitol and IBA on the LFF growth induced vertical development of the fungal mass in culture. We suggest that lichen-forming fungal growth of Ramalina lichens can be stimulated aposymbiotically by supplementing polyols and plant hormones to the basal medium in the mass production of lichen secondary metabolites under large scale culture conditions.
- Published
- 2009
342. Optimization of Protein Extraction for Lichen Thalli.
- Author
-
Kondratiuk, Anna S., Savchuk, Oleksiy M., and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
FUNGAL proteins ,LICHENS ,PHENOLS ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,VITAMIN C ,SPECIES - Abstract
Lichen-forming fungal proteins haw been seldom searched due to many difficulties in their extraction. Phenols, quinones, proteases, and other components released during cell disruption have been known to be the greatest challenges related to protein extraction from lichens. To overcome these problems and maintain good electrophorelic resolution and high protein concentration, an extraction buffer containing polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, ascorbic acid, Triton X-100, polyethylene glycol, proteinase, and oxidase inhibitors in sodium phosphate buffer was developed. This extraction buffer showed high efficiency for all lichen species tested in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
343. Graphis yunnanensis (Ostropales, Graphidaceae), a New Lichen Species from China.
- Author
-
Joshi, Santosh, Upreti, Dalip Kumar, Xin Yu Wang, and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
GRAPHIS (Lichens) ,ASCOMYCETES ,BIOLOGICAL classification ,LICHENS ,SPECIES - Abstract
Graphis yunnanensis is described here as a new species. It is taxonomically well characterized by entire labia, slit-like disc, lateral thalline margin, completely carbonized proper exciple, inspersed hymenium, 8-spored asci, muriform 25-45 × 8~12μm ascospores, and the presence of norstictic and stictic acids. The separation of the new species from other somewhat similar Graphis species is discussed. In addition, the study includes Graphis tenoriensis and Phlyctis kamatakana reported for the first lime from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
344. An Easy, Rapid, and Cost-Effective Method for DNA Extraction from Various Lichen Taxa and Specimens Suitable for Analysis of Fungal and Algal Strains.
- Author
-
Sook-Young Park, Seol-Hwa Jang, Soon-Ok Oh, Kim, Jung A., and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
NUCLEIC acid isolation methods ,LICHENS ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,PLANT DNA ,PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi ,ALGAE ,HERBARIA ,POLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
Lichen studies, including biodiversity, phylogenetic relationships, and conservation concerns require definitive species identification, however many lichens can be challenging to identify at the species level. Molecular techniques have shown efficacy in discriminating among lichen taxa, however, obtaining genomic DNA from herbarium and fresh lichen thalli by conventional methods has been difficult, because lichens contain high proteins, polysaccharides, and other complex compounds in their cell walls. Here we report a rapid, easy, and inexpensive protocol for extracting PCR-quality DNA from various lichen species. This method involves the following two steps: first, cell breakage using a beadbeater; and second, extraction, isolation, and precipitation of genomic DNA. The procedure requires approximately 10 mg of lichen thalli and can be completed within 20 min. The obtained DNAs were of sufficient quality and quantity to amplify the internal transcribed spacer region from the fungal and algal lichen components, as well as to sequence the amplified products. In addition, 26 different lichen taxa were tested, resulting in successful PCR products. The results of this study validated the experimental protocols, and clearly demonstrated the efficacy and value of our KCl extraction method applied in the fungal and algal samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
345. Taxonomic Study on the Lichen GenusXanthoparmelia(Ascomycotina, Parmeliaceae) in Korea
- Author
-
Jae-Seoun Hur, Xin Yu Wang, and Young Jin Koh
- Subjects
Phylogenetic analysis ,Zoology ,ITS sequences ,Lichen ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Xanthoparmelia ,Infectious Diseases ,Phenotypic analysis ,Genus ,Phylogenetics ,Parmeliaceae ,Key (lock) ,Research Article - Abstract
In previous studies investigating the genus Xanthoparmelia, thirteen different species have been reported from South Korea alone. However, there currently has been no revisional study performed until now. To explore the genus Xanthoparmelia, a phenotypic analysis was performed based on morphological, anatomical and chemical characters, while an investigation of Xanthoparmelia phylogeny was based on nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA ITS sequences. A thorough examination of the specimens deposited in the Korean Lichen Research Institute (KoLRI) confirmed that eight species of Xanthoparmelia occur inside South Korea. Our analysis further confirmed the colors of the lower surface and medullar chemistry are important taxonomic characters in Xanthoparmelia. This study also presents a detailed description of each species and a key to the genus.
- Published
- 2008
346. Taxonomic Study on the Lichen GenusCetrelia(Lecanorales, Ascomycota) in South Korea
- Author
-
Heng Luo, Keon Seon Han, Jae-Seoun Hur, Young Jin Koh, and Xinli Wei
- Subjects
Phylogenetic analysis ,biology ,Ascomycota ,Phylogenetic tree ,Cetrelia ,Zoology ,ITS sequences ,Lichen ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Japonica ,Infectious Diseases ,Lecanorales ,Phenotypic analysis ,Taxonomy (biology) ,Research Article - Abstract
Seventy-two lichen specimens of Cetrelia collected in South Korea since 2003 were examined by both phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses. The phenotypic analysis was based on morphological and chemical characters, and the phylogenetic analysis was based on nrDNA ITS sequences. The result suggested that the presence and absence of isidia, soredia, lobules and medullar reaction C+ or C- are the important characters in the taxonomy of this genus. Four species of Cetrelia, C. chicitae, C. braunsiana, C. japonica, and C. pseudolivetorum have been identified in this study. Description of each species is presented with morphological and chemical characters. A key to the Cetrelia species is also presented.
- Published
- 2007
347. New Record ofLecanora muralis(Lichenized Fungus) in South Korea
- Author
-
Keon Seon Han, Xinli Wei, You Mi Lee, Jae-Seoun Hur, and Young Jin Koh
- Subjects
Lecanora muralis ,Korea ,biology ,Lichen-forming fungi ,Usnic acid ,Fungus ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Crustose lichen ,New record ,Thallus ,Ascocarp ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Botany ,Crustose ,Research Article - Abstract
Lecanora muralis was found on the rock along coastal line during the field trip in Jeju island in 2006. Thallus crustose, placodioid, closely adnate, forming orbicular patches; upper surface grayish green, glossy; central lobes areolate, marginal parts plane, edges thin pruinose; lower surface ecorticate; apothecia sessile, lecanorine type, exciple dense and intact when young, and disc plane, but when mature, exciple laciniate, disc protrudent, yellowish brown to orange, 0.5~1.5 mm in diameter; ascospores ellipsoid, simple, colorless, 12.5~15.0 × 5.0~7.5 µm. Usnic acid and zeorin contained in thallus. This is the first record of this species in South Korea.
- Published
- 2007
348. Antioxidative Activity of LichenThamnolia vermicularisin vitro
- Author
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Heng Luo, Young Jin Koh, Li-Song Wang, Jae Seoun Hur, Mei-Rong Ren, and Kwang Mi Lim
- Subjects
Antioxidant ,Free radical scavenging activity ,Superoxide ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Linoleic acid ,Lichen extract ,Biology ,Microbiology ,In vitro ,Natural antioxidant ,Lipid peroxidation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,Antioxidant activity ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Food science ,Methanol ,Thamnolia vermicularis ,Quercetin ,Scavenging ,Research Article - Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of methanol extract of Thamnolia vermicularis. The antioxidant activity, reducing power, superoxide anion radical scavenging and free radical scavenging activities were studied. The antioxidant activity of the extract correlated with its concentration (0.2~2 mg/ml) in the reaction mixtures containing linoleic acid. Upto 67% of lipid peroxidation was inhibited by 2 mg/ml of the lichen extract. The extract showed strong free radical scavenging activity similar to that of BHA (positive control) in a manner of concentration dependent. The lichen extract also showed moderate effects on superoxide anoin scavenging activity and reducing power, which was not so effective as that of Quercetin and BHA used as positive controls. This study suggests that T. vermicularis lichen can be used as a novel source of natural antioxidant.
- Published
- 2006
349. Two Species ofBryoria(Lichenized Ascomycota, Parmeliaceae) from the Sino-Himalayas
- Author
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Jae-Seoun Hur, Hiroshi Harada, Li-Song Wang, and Young Jin Koh
- Subjects
Morphology ,China ,biology ,Ecology ,Bryoria ,Lichen ,Yunnan ,Distribution ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Ascocarp ,Infectious Diseases ,Herbarium ,Lecanorales ,Genus ,Parmeliaceae ,Botany ,Lecanorineae ,Research Article - Abstract
The northwestern part of Yunnan and western part of Sichuan provinces belongs to the Chinese Hengduanshan Mountains, which is part of the east of the great Himalayas and often eulogized as the third polar of the world (Wang, 1993). Average elevation is over 3,800 m in the area. This area is well known for its rich flora of lichen species in the world. Recently some interesting lichen species have been found from this area (Jorgensen, 1972; McCune et al., 2003; Wang and Chen, 1994; Wang and Harada, 2001, 2003). The genus of Bryoria Brodo & Hawksw belongs to order Lecanorales, suborder Lecanorineae, and family Parmeliaceae (Brodo and Hawksworth, 1977; Nash, 1996). It has the fruticose thalllus composed of a prominent cortex and medulla of arachnoid hyphae with Trebouxioid phycobionts, lateral apothecia, and colorless simple ascospores. Forty six species were accepted in the world (Brodo and Hawksworth, 1977). Among them, 14 species were known in India and Nepal of the South Himalayas (Awasthi and Awasthi, 1985), and 14 species were recorded in the Sino-Himalayas (Jorgensen, 1972; Wei, 1991; Wang and Chen, 1994; Wang and Harada, 2001; Wu and Wang, 1992). Bryoria navornikiana and B. furcellata were newly identified during the extensive herbarium study of the specimens. Morphology, habitat, chemistry and distribution of the two species were described in this paper.
- Published
- 2005
350. A Note on the Lichen Genus Ramalina (Ramalinaceae, Ascomycota) in the Hengduan Mountains in China.
- Author
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Soon-Ok Oh, Xin Yu Wang, Li Song Wang, Pei Gui Liu, and Jae-Seoun Hur
- Subjects
RAMALINA ,FOREST lichens ,MOLECULAR phylogeny ,PLANT morphology - Abstract
On the basis of extensive field investigation and a series of herbarium specimen identifications, we present and discuss the descriptions and distribution of 22 species of Ramalina found in the Hengduan Mountains of southwestern China. In this revisionary study, representatives of the Ramalina genus, including R. americana, R. confirmata, R. dendriscoides, R. obtusata, R. pacifica, R. pentecostii, R. peruviana, R. shinanoana, and R. subcomplanata are found for the first time in this area. In addition, R. holstii is reported for the first time China. Finally, a newly described species identified as Ramalina hengduanshanensis S. O. Oh & L. S. Wang is reported. It is characterized as growing from a narrow holdfast, solid, sparsely or richly and irregularly dichotomously branched, palmate and flattened lobes with distinctly dorsiventral appearance, surface rugose to reticulate, surface rugosely cracked, dense chondroid tissue, helmet shaped soralia at the tip. The species grows on rock and tree at the highest elevations in this area. Although very few lichen species belonging to the genus Ramalina have been collected above 4,000 m, this new species is found at this elevation. We present detailed morphological, anatomical, and chemical descriptions of this species along with molecular phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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