Search

Background/Objectives:Diets high in saturated and trans fat and low in unsaturated fat may increase type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but studies on foods high in fat per unit weight are sparse. We assessed whether the intake of vegetable oil, butter, margarine, nuts and seeds and cakes and cookies is related to incident T2D.Subjects/Methods:A case-cohort study was conducted, nested within eight countries of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC), with 12 403 incident T2D cases and a subcohort of 16 835 people, identified from a cohort of 340 234 people. Diet was assessed at baseline (1991-1999) by country-specific questionnaires. Country-specific hazard ratios (HRs) across four categories of fatty foods (nonconsumers and tertiles among consumers) were combined with random-effects meta-analysis.Results:After adjustment not including body mass index (BMI), nonconsumers of butter, nuts and seeds and cakes and cookies were at higher T2D risk compared with the middle tertile of consumption. Among consumers, cakes and cookies were inversely related to T2D (HRs across increasing tertiles 1.14, 1.00 and 0.92, respectively; P-trend <0.0001). All these associations attenuated upon adjustment for BMI, except the higher risk of nonconsumers of cakes and cookies (HR 1.57). Higher consumption of margarine became positively associated after BMI adjustment (HRs across increasing consumption tertiles: 0.93, 1.00 and 1.12; P-trend 0.03). Within consumers, vegetable oil, butter and nuts and seeds were unrelated to T2D.Conclusions:Fatty foods were generally not associated with T2D, apart from weak positive association for margarine. The higher risk among nonconsumers of cakes and cookies needs further explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prickly pears (Opuntia spp.) can be white, purple, red, orange or yellow, with physical and chemical differences. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) and soluble fiber (mucilage and pectin) of the juice from mature cultivated and wild prickly pears. The cultivated varieties were: Rojo Pelón (O. ficus-indica), Blanca or Cristalina (O. albicarpa), Amarilla Monteza, Pico Chulo, Torreoja and Sangre de Toro (O. megacantha); the wild varieties were: Cardona (O. streptacantha), Charola (O. streptacantha ssp. aguirrana), Tapona and Tapón Rojo (O. robusta). The experimental design was completely randomized, with three repetitions. The results were analyzed through ANDEVA and multiple mean comparisons were carried out with the Tukey test (p⩽0.05). Differences (p<0.0001) were found in the concentration of total sugars in the juice (109.10 to 151.33 mg mL-1); glucose predominated (95.75 mg mL-1), followed by fructose (63.90 mg mL-1), and sucrose had minimum amounts only in some varieties. The mucilage predominated over the pectin. Tapón Rojo had more total sugars and soluble fibers than the others. Among the varieties there were differences in their content of sugars and soluble fiber. The sugar concentration did not show a direct relation to the degree of domestication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agrociencia is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background/Aims: Different non-invasive diagnostics strategies have been used to assess patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) questionnaire (GerdQ) is a 6-item, easy to use questionnaire that was developed primarily as a diagnostic tool for GERD in primary care. Our aim was to validate and assess diagnostic utility of GerdQ questionnaire in Mexican patients in the primary care setting. Methods: The study was performed in 3 phases: (1) a questionnaire translation and comprehension study (n = 20), (2) are a reproducibility and validation study (50 patients and 50 controls) and (3) a study to assess the clinical utility in 252 subjects with GERD symptoms. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated using endoscopy and/or pH-metry as the gold standard. Results: Internal consistency measured by the Cronbach's a coefficient was 0.81 for patients and 0.90 for healthy controls, with a mixed coefficient of 0.93. Reproducibility for GerdQ was very good and its discriminating validity was 88%. Most of the patients with erosive reflux and non-erosive reflux with abnormal pH-metry had scores > 8, meanwhile most of the patients with functional heartburn and hypersensitive esophagus had < 8. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of GerdQ compared to the gold standard were 72%, 72% and 87%, respectively. Conclusions: In Mexico, the GerdQ questionnaire Spanish validated version is useful for GERD diagnosis in the primary care setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs produces oil-gas-water mixtures which are set apart in separating tanks. The main operating risk of these tanks is the presence of aggressive compounds, such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). which can cause corrosion in the tank wall. and in the pipes and equipment used in the downstream processes. To assess accurately the integrity of separating tanks. the prediction of the corrosion rate in their water collection section is necessary. In this work, modeling of the operating environments of separating tanks has been carried out from the results of corrosion tests performed using the polarization resistance (Rp) technique. Rp tests were conducted on a SA-516-G70 carbon steel (UNS K02700) using as a medium NACE 1D182 and NACE 1D196, two different brines, without H2S or CO2. The separate and combined effects on the corrosion rate of the corrosion product layers, and of the brine temperature, pH, and oxygen presence were investigated. After measuring the corrosion rate in each environment, mathematical models were proposed and fitted to the observed corrosion rate data. The validation of the proposed models was carried out by comparing their results with those of models reported in the literature, predictions from commercial corrosion-prediction software, and field-measured corrosion rate data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Ortopédica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia, AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Alergia de Mexico is the property of Coleg. Mexicano de Inmunologia Clinica y Alergia A.C.; Soc. Lat. de Alergia, Asma e Inmunologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundBioFoot® is an in-shoe system to measure plantar pressures at the interface between the shoe and the sole of the foot. Since reliability and good repeatability are necessary to ensure the consistency of measurements on which clinical judgements are based, the aim of the study was to assess the reliability and repeatability of the BioFoot® system and identify normal values for healthy subjects.Materials and methodsThirty subjects, 18 women and 12 men, were measured twice, with a 7-10 day interval between the sessions, wearing the same kind of shoes. In each session, three trials were recorded. The foot was divided into ten areas: heel, midfoot, whole forefoot, 1st-5th metatarsal heads, hallux, and lesser toes.ResultsThe intra-class correlation coefficients were between 0.76 and 0.96 for all four variables evaluated. The coefficient of variation between two sessions was around 7% (range: 4.6-9%). The mean contact time was 0.81 s, and walking cadence was 101.5 steps per minute. The pressure measurements showed the greatest peak and mean pressures under the second metatarsal head, and the second peak and mean pressures under the third metatarsal head.ConclusionThe plantar pressure measurements showed good to excellent consistency, and it was concluded that the BioFoot® in-shoe system has good reliability and is repeatable. The highest values were found beneath the forefoot, which is consistent with the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]