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The aim of our study was to establish the relative frequency of biopsy proven tumors of central nervous system (CNS). Two hundred and forty two (242) CNS Biopsy specimens were studied in a one year period. Out of 72 CNS tumors, 66 were primary 4 were metastatic. Among 4 metastatic tumors, the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma. The most frequent type of CNS

Nephroblastoma is one of the most common tumours of children. For correct clinical management and determine of tactics of chemotherapy it is required to set histological type of nephroblastoma and risk group. In this clinical example presented the case of stromal type of nephroblastoma of children of first year of life.

// Fernando Franco 1, 2 , Julia Gonzalez-Rincon 3, 4 , Javier Lavernia 2, 5 , Juan F. Garcia 6 , Paloma Martin 4, 7 , Carmen Bellas 4, 7 , Miguel A. Piris 4, 8 , Lucia Pedrosa 3 , Jose Miramon 2, 9 , Jose Gomez-Codina 2, 10 , Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu 2, 11 , Isidro Machado 12 , Carmen Illueca 12 , Jesus Alfaro 2, 13 , Mariano Provencio 1, 2, * and Margarita Sanchez-Beato 2, 3, * 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain 2 GOTEL (Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group), Madrid, Spain 3 Group of Research in Lymphomas, Medical Oncology Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain 4 Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain 5 Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain 6 Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain 7 Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain 8 Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain 9 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Serrania de Ronda, Malaga, Spain 10 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain 11 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain 12 Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain 13 Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Oncologico de Kutxa, Donostia, Spain * Joint senior authors Correspondence to: Margarita Sanchez-Beato, email: msbeato@idiphim.org Keywords: primary breast lymphoma; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; cell of origin; NFkB pathway; PIM1 Received: August 09, 2017 Accepted: October 03, 2017 Published: October 24, 2017 ABSTRACT Primary breast lymphoma is a rare form of extra-nodal lymphoid neoplasm. The most common histological type is the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which represents 60–80% of all the cases. Our study analyzes the mutational profile of the primary lymphoma of the breast through targeted massive sequencing with a panel of 38 genes in a group of 17 patients with primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Seventy-point-five percent of the patients presented with stage IE and 29.5% with stage IIE. 44% of the cases correspond to lymphomas with germinal center phenotype and 33.3% to activated B-cell. The genes with a higher mutational frequency include PIM1 (in 50% of the analyzed samples), MYD88 (39%), CD79B, PRDM1 and CARD11 (17%), KMT2D , TNFIAP3 and CREBBP (11%). The profile of mutant genes involves mostly the NFκB signaling pathway. The high frequency of mutations in PIM1 compared with other lymphomas may have implications in the clinical presentation and evolution of this type of lymphoma.

Lung cancer is a malignant lung tumor with various histological variants that arise from different cell types, such as bronchial epithelium, bronchioles, alveoli, or bronchial mucous glands. The clinical course and treatment efficacy of lung cancer depends on the histological variant of the tumor. Therefore, accurate identification of the histological type of cancer and respective protein biomarkers is crucial for adequate therapy. Due to the great diversity in the molecular-biological features of lung cancer histological types, detection is impossible without knowledge of the nature and origin of malignant cells, which release certain protein biomarkers into the bloodstream. To date, different panels of biomarkers are used for screening. Unfortunately, a uniform serum biomarker composition capable of distinguishing lung cancer types is yet to be discovered. As such, histological analyses of tumor biopsies and immunohistochemistry are the most frequently used methods for establishing correct diagnoses. Here, we discuss the recent advances in conventional and prospective aptamer based strategies for biomarker discovery. Aptamers like artificial antibodies can serve as molecular recognition elements for isolation detection and search of novel tumor-associated markers. Here we will describe how these small synthetic single stranded oligonucleotides can be used for lung cancer biomarker discovery and utilized for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy. Furthermore, we describe the most frequently used in-clinic and novel lung cancer biomarkers, which suggest to have the ability of differentiating between histological types of lung cancer and defining metastasis rate.

International audience; BACKGROUND:Survival rates of lung cancer remains poor and the impact of comorbidities on the prognosis is discussed. The objective of this study was to assess if the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was associated with 8-year survival rates by histological type.METHODS:A cohort study was conducted using randomly selected cases from 10 French cancer registries. Net survival rates were computed using the Pohar-Perme estimator of the net cumulative rate. Three Cox models were independently built for adenocarcinomas, squamous cell and small cell cancers to estimate prognostic factors including CCI grade.RESULTS:A total of 646 adenocarcinomas, 524 squamous cell and 233 small cell cancers were included in the analysis. The net 8-year survival rate ranged from 12.6% (95% CI: 9.8-15.4%) for adenocarcinomas and 13.4% (95% CI: 10.1-16.7%) for squamous cell carcinomas, to 3.7% (95% CI: 1.1-6.3%) for small cell cancers. Observed and net survival rates decreased for CCI grades ≥3 for all histological group considered. After adjustment for sex, age group, stage and diagnostic mode, CCI grades 1 (HR = 1.6 [95% CI: 1.1-2.3]), 2 (HR = 1.7 [95% CI: 1.1-2.7]) and ≥ 3 (HR = 2.7 [95% CI: 1.7-4.4]) were associated with lower survival rates only for small cell cancers.CONCLUSION:After adjustment for age, sex, stage and diagnostic mode, the presence of comorbidity based on CCI grades 1-2 and ≥ 3 was associated with lower survival rates for small cell cancers whereas no differences were observed for adenocarcinomas and squamous cell cancers.

Introduction: Lung cancer in never smokers is the 7th cause of cancer if considered as a separate disease. Nevertheless, there is scarce research of lung cancer in never smokers (LCNS). We aim to describe lung cancer characteristics in a cohort of never smokers recruited in Spain. Methods: We designed a multicentre, hospital-based, case-control study. All lung cancer cases who fulfilled the definition of a never smoker (a. had smoked less than 100 cigarettes during lifetime, or b. had smoked less than 1 cig/day during six months) were consecutively recruited. All cases had to be older than 30 with histological confirmation of lung cancer. All participants were personally interviewed with special emphases on lifestyle. Residential radon was measured in all participants. Data analysis was performed with SPSS v22. Results: 389 cases were included until June 2016. 19% males, median age was 71 years old, P25-75: 61-78. Men were younger than women (66 vs 71; p Conclusions: Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent histological type in never smokers. Women are diagnosed at an older age than men. Lung cancer in never smokers is diagnosed lately. Residential radon seems to play an important role on the onset of this disease in never smokers.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Existe evidencia epidemiológica que sugiere la asociación entre un tipo histológico y la localización del adenocarcinoma gástrico. Sabiendo que existe un predominio de infección por Helicobacter pylori en la región antral y ésta es considerada como un factor ambiental, es válido sospechar la existencia de una relación entre el tipo histológico intestinal y la localización distal. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la relación entre el tipo histológico y la localización del cáncer gástrico, utilizando la clasificación propuesta por la Asociación Japonesa de Cáncer Gástrico y la clasificación propuesta por Lauren. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: durante el periodo de Enero 2007 a Diciembre 2010, 460 pacientes con diagnostico probado de adenocarcinoma admitidos en el Servicio especializado de Cirugía de Estómago del Hospital Rebagliati parta tratamiento quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: El sexo femenino fue más frecuente en el tipo difuso (39% vs 33%; p: 0,153), la media de edad en el tipo intestinal es mayor al tipo difuso (70,7 vs 62,6 años; p

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced computed tomography gastrography (CE-CTG) to predict the histological type of gastric cancer. Materials and methods We analyzed 47 consecutive patients with resectable advanced gastric cancer preoperatively evaluated by multiphasic dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. Two radiologists independently reviewed the CT images and they determined the peak enhancement phase, and then measured the CT attenuation value of the gastric lesion for each phase. The histological types of gastric cancers were assigned to three groups as differentiated-type, undifferentiated-type, and mixed-type. We compared the peak enhancement phase of the three types and compared the CT attenuation values in each phase. Results The peak enhancement was significantly different between the three types of gastric cancers for both readers (reader 1, p = 0.001; reader 2, p = 0.009); most of the undifferentiated types had peak enhancement in the delayed phase. The CT attenuation values of undifferentiated type were significantly higher than those of differentiated or mixed type in the delayed phase according to both readers (reader 1, p = 0.002; reader 2, p = 0.004). Conclusion CE-CTG could provide helpful information in diagnosing the histological type of gastric cancers preoperatively.

Ovarian cancer risk is known to be reduced amongst women who have had children, but reported associations with breastfeeding are varied. Few studies have had sufficient power to explore reliably these associations by tumour histotype. In a prospective study of 1.1 million UK women, 8719 developed ovarian cancer during follow‐up. Cox regression yielded adjusted relative risks (RRs) overall and by tumour histotype amongst women with different childbearing patterns. Nulliparous women had a 24% greater ovarian cancer risk than women with one child, with significant heterogeneity by histotype (p = 0.01). There was no significant increase in serous tumours, a modest increase in mucinous tumours, but a substantial increase in endometrioid (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.18‐1.89) and clear‐cell tumours (RR = 1.68, 1.29‐2.20). Among parous women, each additional birth was associated with an overall 6% reduction in ovarian cancer risk; this association also varied by histotype (p = 0.0006), with the largest reduction in risk for clear‐cell tumours (RR per birth = 0.75, 0.65‐0.85, p, What's new? Evidence suggests that women who bear children are at decreased risk of ovarian cancer. Whether breastfeeding contributes to this reduction in risk remains unclear. In this prospective study, each birth in parous women reduced overall ovarian cancer risk by 6%, while nulliparity was associated with a 24% increase in risk compared to women with one child. Among parous women, risk reduction varied by tumour type, with the greatest reduction observed for clear cell tumours and almost no reduction detected for serous tumours. Ovarian cancer risk was additionally reduced by 10% for every 12 months of breastfeeding.

Background Surgical resection can be an option for the treatment of metastatic liver tumors originating from gastric cancer; however, its prognostic impact is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors in patients with surgical resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of 38 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy for metastatic tumors from gastric cancer in our institution between 1990 and 2014. Results The median overall survival of the patients was 28 months. The 5-year survival rate was 33.9%. Primary tumors of a mixed histological type, and residual tumors during the course of treatment were identified as significant independent poor prognostic factors. Conclusions Histological evaluation of primary tumors may aid to identify patients suitable for undergoing surgical resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer.

Background In Japanese males and females, lung cancer is currently the second and fourth most common type of cancer, and the first and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths, respectively. Methods Of all Japanese male and female lung cancer patients aged ≥20 years whom the BioBank Japan Project originally enrolled between 2003 and 2008, 764 males and 415 females were registered within 90 days after their diagnosis. We described the lifestyle and clinical characteristics of these patients at study entry. Furthermore, we examined the effect of these characteristics on all-cause mortality. Results In the lung cancer patients registered within 90 days, the frequencies of occult or stage 0, stage I, II, III and IV were 0.4%, 55.8%, 10.8%, 22.0% and 11.0% for males and 0.3%, 62.4%, 9.9%, 17.1% and 10.2% for females, respectively. The proportions of histological types in males and females were 56.3% and 82.4% for adenocarcinoma, 26.9% and 8.2% for squamous cell carcinoma, 4.5% and 1.5% for large cell carcinoma, 7.7% and 4.1% for small cell carcinoma and 4.6% and 3.8% for others, respectively. Among 1120 participants who registered within 90 days, 572 participants died during 5811 person-years of follow-up. Low body mass index, ever smoker, more advanced stage, squamous cell or small cell carcinoma and high serum carcinoembryonic antigen level at study entry were crudely associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for age. Conclusions This study showed the association of several lifestyle and clinical characteristics with all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients., Highlights • Nearly one-tenth of Japanese lung cancer patients were diagnosed as stage IV. • Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type in both males and females. • Some characteristics would affect all-cause mortality in lung cancer patients.

Objectifs: Notre etude avait pour objectif d’effectuer une etude epidemiologique retrospective afin de determiner les caracteristiques histo-cliniques, pathologiques et therapeutiques des cancers renaux dans l’Ouest Algerien. Patients et Methodes: Etude epidemiologique retrospective incluant 115 cas de cancers renaux diagnostiques au sein des services d’oncologie et d’anatomopathologie du CHU de Sidi Bel Abbes et de l’Hopital Militaire Regional Universitaire d’Oran (HMRUO) entre Janvier 2006 et Decembre 2013. Resultats: Il s’agissait de 65 hommes et 50 femmes. L’âge moyen de decouverte etait de 58,54 ans (extremes: 20 et 88 ans). Les facteurs de risques les plus frequemment observes etaient l’hypertension arterielle (53,04%) suivi par le tabagisme (38,26%). L’hematurie etait le signe revelateur le plus frequemment note chez 45,21% des cas. Le diagnostic a ete base sur la Tomodensitometrie chez 100% des patients. Les stades tumoraux T3 (38,26%) et T2 (27,82%) etaient les plus frequents. Le principal type histologique des tumeurs renales etait le carcinome a cellules claires (79 cas). Des metastases etaient notees chez 22,60 des patients, touchant principalement le poumon (61,53%). La nephrectomie etait le traitement de reference pour 70,44% des patients. Conclusion: Le cancer renal dans notre population etait une pathologie de sujets âges, avec une predo-minance masculine et symptomatologie polymorphe. Le carcinome renal a cellules claires etait le typehistologique le plus frequent avec dominance des stades T3, T2 et des grades II et III. Mots cles: Carcinome renal; Profil histo-epidemiologique; l’Ouest Algerien English Title: AlgerianEpidemiological, clinical, histo-pathological and therapeutic characteristics of renal cancer inwestern Algeria: about 115 cases English Abstract Objectives: The main aim was to conduct a retrospective epidemiological study to determine the histocli-nical, pathological and therapeutic characteristics of kidney cancers in western Algeria. Patients and methods: Retrospective epidemiological study including 115 cases of kidney cancer diagnosedin the oncology and pathology of the University Hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes and Military Regional UniversityHospital of Oran (HMRUO) during period January, 2006 – December, 2013. Results: It was about 65 men (people) and 50 women. The average age of diagnosis was of 58.54 years(range 20–88 years). The most common risk factors were the arterial high blood pressure (53, 04%) followedby smoking (38, 26%). Hematuria was the revealing sign most frequently noted in 45, 21% of the cases. Thediagnosis was based on tomodensitometry in 100% of patients. The tumor stages T3 (38, 26%) and T2 (27,82%) were the most frequent. The main histological types of renal tumors were the clear cell carcinoma (79cases). Metastasis were noted in 22,60 of the patients, mainly affecting the lungs (61, 53%). Nephrectomywas the reference treatment for 70.44% of the patients. Conclusion: Renal cancer in our population was a pathology of elderly patients with a male predominanceand polymorphic symptomatology. Renal cell carcinoma was the most frequent histological type withdominance of stages T3 and T2 and grades II and III. Keywords: Renal cell carcinoma, histo-epidemiological profile, western Algerian

To evaluate the relationship between our proposed sonographic classification of testicular tumors by tissue harmonic imaging and histological type. We retrospectively analyzed 58 testicular tumors and tumor-like lesions [seminomatous germ cell tumor (SGCT): 28; non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT): 16; lymphoid and hematopoietic tumor (LHT): 7; Leydig cell tumor: 1; epidermal cyst: 2; and tumor of paratesticular structure (TPS): 4]. We divided a sonographic image into six types for morphological criteria and three types for color Doppler criteria. We examined the relationship between the sonographic classification and histological type. For morphological criteria, there were 21 cases of Type I (36%), 15 Type II (26%), 9 Type III (15%), five Type IV (9%), five Type V (9%), and three Type VI (5%). For color Doppler criteria, there were 47 cases classified as hypervascular (81%), eight as hypovascular (14%), and three as avascular (5%). Most of the SGCTs were divided into types I and II; the NSGCTs into types III, IV, and V; the LHTs into only type II; and the TPSs into type VI. We established a sonographic classification of testicular tumors with various histological types. This sonographic classification is potentially useful for estimating the histological type of testicular tumors.

Salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is rare tumor with various histological type and metastatic potential. Pretreatment detection of metastases can contribute to planning the appropriate treatment of SGC. Therefore, the present study evaluated the utility of F-FDG PET/CT versus contrast-enhanced CT for detection of metastases and prediction of outcomes in SGC patients.Sixty-seven consecutive SGC patients who were prospectively evaluated by F-FDG PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT and subsequently underwent surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy were included. The diagnostic values of both imaging modalities for detection of metastatic diseases were compared with McNemar test and logistic regression using generalized estimating equations. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to assess the prognostic values of the quantitative metabolic measurements detected by F-FDG PET/CT and of other clinical factors.Among 67 SGC patients, 17 (25.4%) had cervical metastasis, and 4 (6%) had distant metastasis at initial staging. The sensitivity of F-FDG PET/CT for detection of cervical metastasis was significantly higher than those of CT (P0.05), and those of F-FDG PET/CT and CT for detection of distant metastasis did not differ (P0.5). Regional and distant site metastases were most reliably predicted by high-grade pathological analysis (P0.05). Extranodal extension and metabolic tumor volume measured by F-FDG PET/CT were independent predictors of progression-free survival and overall survival (all P0.05).In SGC patients, F-FDG PET/CT detected metastatic diseases with high sensitivity and specificity, and metabolic tumor volumes helped to predict survival outcomes.

The malignant transformation of endometriosis is a very uncommon event but can occur in 0.7% to 1% of all cases. Any histological type of tumor found in the endometrium might also occur in endometriosis. Most malignant tumors that originate from endometriosis are endometrioid adenocarcinomas and also clear-cell type carcinomas. On the other hand, sarcomas, especially endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), are extremely unusual representing 12% of all cases. ESS is an uncommon neoplasm and accounts for 0.2% of the uterine malignances. Malignant tumors arising from endometriosis can derive from the uterine wall as well as from extra-uterine sites. The most frequent extrauterine location is the ovary (78.7%), followed by the pelvic peritoneum (5.7%), the rectovaginal septum (4.3%), the colon (4.3%) and the vagina (2%), representing the majority of extragonadal sites. ESSs arising from the extrauterine and extraovarian endometriosis sites in the absence of a primary uterine lesion are extremely rare and the treatment options are not clear. Surgical debulking seems to be the best treatment. Adjuvant therapy, such as radiation, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are not yet proven to be effective. Molecular target therapy could be a future possibility of treatment. A systematic review of English Medical Literature about incidence, treatment and prognosis of extrauterine ESS arising from endometriosis foci was performed. The selected articles on which this review is based are the following: 9 literature reviews, 8 retrospective studies, 7 case series, 1 prospective trial and 11 case reports.

Most cardiac tumors are clinically silent and are diagnosed only postmortem. If present, symptoms that are nonspecific can be distinguished with difficulty from other causes of cardiovascular disease and are known to be “great mimickers” [1]. One of the most important problems concerning to the diagnosis of cardiac tumors is the lack of specific signs and symptoms. The clinical manifestations of cardiac metastases mainly depend on the size and anatomical location of the tumor, rather than on its histological type. The symptoms of cardiac metastases can be grouped into the following major categories [2–7]

Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease that encompasses several distinct entities with remarkably different characteristics. Histological type is one of important BC characteristics. Histological type is associated with differences in epidemiology, diagnostic issues, clinical course, prognosis. When we talk about BC, ductal and lobular carcinoma is usually what we have in mind. However, the other types that comprise less than 10% of BC are also very important. The rarity of many of these neoplasms does not allow large or randomized studies to define the optimal treatment. Many of the descriptions are from case reports and small series. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the data on rare breast cancers, to describe their main characteristics, and to calculate survival rates. We believe that the experience of our institution will contribute to the available data about these rare breast cancers and help in better understanding of this subgroup.

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are non-coding RNAs which post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA synthesis. Data regarding the expression and clinical relevance of miRNAs and the miRNA-regulating machinery in ovarian carcinoma has been rapidly expanding in recent years. This review presents current knowledge in this area. Methods PubMed search was undertaken using the terms ‘ovarian' and ‘microRNA'. Results A total of 492 papers were identified, of which approximately 100 were publications in English focusing exclusively or partly on clinical ovarian carcinoma specimens. These studies have identified multiple miRNAs with a potential role in the diagnosis, biology and progression of ovarian carcinoma, as well as on predicting chemoresponse and determining prognosis. Conclusions The presented data support a clinical role for miRNAs in ovarian carcinoma and suggest that miRNA-regulated pathways may be of relevance for novel therapeutics. Novel technologies offer new possibilities for wide-scale miRNA-based classification of OC. Further genomic research focusing on larger series of tumors of similar histological type in combination with experimental approaches is likely to expand our understanding of the role of miRNAs in this cancer.

Background S-1 is a novel antimetabolic agent that inhibits thymidylate synthase. The expression of thymidylate synthase is higher in squamous (Sq) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than in non-Sq NSCLC. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of S-1 monotherapy for advanced NSCLC according to the histological subtype. Methods We reviewed the clinical records of patients with advanced NSCLC treated with S-1 monotherapy as second- or third-line therapy between May 2005 and July 2012 at the Shizuoka Cancer Center. Results A total of 71 patients were included in this retrospective study. Patient characteristics were similar in the Sq NSCLC (n = 15) and non-Sq NSCLC (n = 56) groups, except with regard to gender and smoking status. The overall response rates were 0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–17%) for Sq NSCLC and 11% (95% CI 3–19%) for non-Sq NSCLC (P = 0.33). For Sq NSCLC and non-Sq NSCLC, the median progression-free survival times were 2.1 and 2.8 months (P = 0.02), respectively, and the median overall survival times were 6.1 and 10.1 months (P = 0.01), respectively. Conclusion S-1 monotherapy may be more effective in patients with non-Sq NSCLC than in those with Sq NSCLC.

Summary Background Follow-up of patients with nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is mainly aimed at the early diagnosis of local recurrences and early detection of a subsequent or second NMSC (sNMSC). However, the frequency and chronology of sNMSC have not been widely studied in the literature. Objectives To assess the frequency and chronology of developing an sNMSC. Methods This was a retrospective longitudinal study of patients with a first NMSC excised and diagnosed at the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena (Seville, Spain) between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2000 and followed up until 31 December 2009. Age, sex, histological type of NMSC (basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma), anatomical location, and the diagnosis date of both the first NMSC and the sNMSC were recorded. Main outcomes assessed were the frequency of developing an sNMSC, the annual probability density and the median sNMSC-free survival through the Kaplan–Meier model. Results A total of 926 patients with a first single NMSC were enrolled and followed up for a median time of 81·9 months. Two hundred and nine patients (22·6%) developed an sNMSC in a median time of 28·3 months. Probability density of a sNMSC ranged from 0·003 to 0·004 for the first 5 years of follow-up. Age ≥ 40 years (P = 0·02), and first NMSC excised from the limbs (P = 0·03) were predictors of developing an sNMSC. Conclusions The development of an sNMSC is a common event in patients previously diagnosed with an NMSC especially during the first 5 years of follow-up. This finding should be taken into consideration when designing follow-up guidelines for patients with NMSC.

Resume Introduction Selon les donnees mondiales de 2002, un quart des nouveaux cas de cancers bronchopulmonaires primitifs etaient non-fumeurs. Nous avons mene ce travail dans le but de decrire les caracteristiques epidemiologiques des non-fumeurs qui presentaient un cancer bronchopulmonaire primitif dans la region de Dakar (Senegal). Methodes Etude multicentrique descriptive incluant tous les patients non-fumeurs qui presentaient un cancer bronchopulmonaire primitif du 1er janvier 2014 au 31 decembre 2015. Les donnees etaient saisies sur un fichier Excel puis transferees sur un logiciel Epi Info™ 7 pour etre analysees. Resultats Le taux de diagnostic de cancers bronchopulmonaires primitifs etait de 72,1 %. La prevalence de non-fumeurs etait de 33,3 %. Le sexe-ratio etait de 1,27. L’âge moyen etait de 54,6 ans. Plus du tiers de l’echantillon etaient des menageres. Les menuisiers et artisans exposes aux metaux predominaient. Une exposition aux huiles de cuisson etait rapportee dans un cas. Trois patients presentaient des sequelles de tuberculose pulmonaire. L’adenocarcinome etait le type histologique le plus frequent et predominait chez les sujets jeunes. Conclusion La proportion de cancers bronchopulmonaires primitifs diagnostiques chez des non-fumeurs a Dakar augmente. Une etude analytique des facteurs de risque suspectes pourrait aider a la prevention.

OBJECTIVE To determine the distribution of sociodemographic, reproductive, clinical and lifestyle habits in the cohort of women diagnosed with cervical cancer, assisted at Inca between 2012 and 2014, according to the histological type. METHODS Retrospective observational study of a hospital cohort of 1,004 women diagnosed with cervical cancer. Data were obtained from the Inca hospital cancer registry, physical and electronic records. RESULTS The most frequent histological type was squamous cell carcinoma (83.9%). Approximately 70% of the women aged more than 40 years. The study includes non-white women (67.4%), with less than 8 years of education (51.9%), with onset of sexual activity up to 16 years of age (40.7%), who were pregnant before (95.5%), with more than one pregnancy (82.9%), and more than two children (52.7%); 45.8% of the women were smokers or former smokers. Cervical adenocarcinoma was positively associated with earlier staging (IA-IIA) (OR = 1.79; 95%CI 1.03–3.13), as well as women with ≥ 12 years of education (OR = 6.30; 95%CI 1.97–20,13), who had no children (OR = 3.81; 95%CI 1.20 – 12,08) or who had up to two children (OR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.05 – 2,87). CONCLUSIONS The difference between histological types is highlighted, suggesting that women with cervical adenocarcinoma may represent a distinct clinical entity of cervical neoplasia, which may require different approaches from those used in squamous cell carcinoma. RESUMO OBJETIVO Determinar a distribuição das características sociodemográficas, reprodutivas, clínicas e de hábitos de vida na coorte de mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer cervical, atendidas no Inca entre 2012 e 2014, segundo o tipo histológico. MÉTODOS Estudo observacional retrospectivo de uma coorte hospitalar de 1.004 mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer cervical. Os dados foram obtidos pelo Registro Hospitalar de Câncer do Inca, prontuários físicos e eletrônicos. RESULTADOS O tipo histológico mais frequente foi o carcinoma de células escamosas (83,9%). Aproximadamente 70% das mulheres foram diagnosticadas com mais de 40 anos de idade. Houve a predominância de mulheres não brancas (67,4%), com menos de 8 anos de escolaridade (51,9%), com início da atividade sexual até 16 anos de idade (40,7%), que já engravidaram alguma vez na vida (95,5%), com mais de uma gestação (82,9%) e mais de dois filhos (52,7%); 45,8% das mulheres eram tabagistas ou ex-tabagistas. O adenocarcinoma cervical esteve positivamente associado ao estadiamento mais precoce (IA-IIA) (OR = 1,79; IC95% 1,03–3,13), assim como a mulheres com ≥ 12 anos de estudo (OR = 6,30; IC95% 1,97–20,13), que não tiveram filhos (OR = 3,81; IC95% 1,20–12,08) ou que tiveram até dois filhos (OR = 1,74; IC95% 1,05–2,87). CONCLUSÕES Destaca-se a diferença entre os tipos histológicos, sugerindo que as mulheres com adenocarcinoma cervical possam representar uma entidade clínica distinta de neoplasia cervical, podendo demandar abordagens diferentes das utilizadas no carcinoma de células escamosas.

e15576 Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the major esophageal cancer histological type in East Asia, has limited therapeutic options and is associated with poor prognosis. Here, we identified clinically actionable genomic alteration (GA) for potential targeted and immunotherapy in Chinese ESCC patients by next generation sequencing (NGS). Methods: Clinical data were collected from 150 ESCC patients from March 2011 to December 2018, with a median follow-up of 34 months. NGS-panel sequencing of 466 cancer genes was performed on FFPE tumor and matched blood sample. Tumor mutational burden (TMB) was assessed in all patients by standard NGS algorithms. PD-L1 expression was evaluated in 61 samples by IHC (28-8 Ab). Results: Overall, 75.5% of ESCC patients harbored at least one clinically actionable GAs with the most frequent being CCND1 (40%), CDKN2A (40%), CDKN2B (24%), PIK3CA (14%) and FGFR1 (8%). Most clinically actionable GAs occurred in genes involved with cell cycle (61%) and with PI3K pathway (23%). Clinically actionable GAs also distributed in BRCA2 (5%), ATM (3%), MET amp (3%), KIT (3%), EGFR mut (2%), PDGFRA (2%) and ERBB2 amp (1%). The lowest 25% (TMB-L), median and highest 25% TMB (TMB-H) value was 4.6, 6.9 and 9.2 muts/Mb, respectively. Compared with younger patients, patients ≥50 years had higher TMB ( p= 0.047). Compared with TMB-L ESCCs, frequencies of NOTCH2 (15.9% vs 0%, p= 0.015), PIK3CA (22.7% vs 2.8%, p= 0.019) and KMT2D (25.0% vs 5.6%, p= 0.031) were significantly higher in TMB-H. Notably, amplification in 11q13 region, MDM2/ MDM4 and EGFR, which potentially relates to immunotherapy hyperprogression, accounted for 48% of TMB-H. Eleven patients (18%) showed PD-L1≥1%, in which 7 pts were also TMB-H. Conclusions: In Chinese ESCCs, clinically actionable GAs were detected in most patients, which highlights the promise of molecularly directed therapies. Patients with PD-L1 positive/TMB-H/both, who could potentially benefit from immunotherapy, accounted for 41%. Older age, NOTCH2, PIK3CA and KMT2D mutations correlated with TMB-H.

Testicular cancer accounts for 1% of all male cancers yet is the most common cancer affecting men aged 15–44 years. Most testicular cancers are seminomas or non-seminomatous germ cell tumors. Rarely, multiple testicular cancers may occur simultaneously, most often of the same histological type. However, synchronous tumors of different histological types may occur, although rarely. In this case study, we present the sonographic features with histopathologic correlation in a case of unilateral synchronous testicular tumors of discordant histology.

Ovarian cancer is also known as the “silent killer” because this type of cancer spreads widely without the occurrence of any symptoms (1). Currently, ovarian cancer accounts for approximately 5% cancer deaths among women in the United States (2). Worldwide statistics from 185 countries indicated 295,414 new cancer cases and 184,799 deaths from this disease in 2018 (3). High-grade serous carcinoma is the most common histological type accounting for the majority of advanced ovarian cancers.

Urachal adenocarcinoma represents the third most common histological type of non-urotelial bladder cancer. A very low incidence of this disease and the lack of prospective studies have led to a rich and heterogeneous treatment history. Currently, the standard of care for these patients is represented by partial cystectomy en bloc with resection of the urachal ligament and total omphalectomy. The aim of this article is to present our experience and results in the management of patients with urachal adenocarcinoma. Between 2005 and 2015, 16 patients have undergone surgical treatment for urachal adenocarcinoma in “Fundeni” Clinical Institute and Madrid University Hospital “Infanta Sofia.” Partial cystectomy was performed in 11 (68.76%) patients, while radical cystectomy en bloc with omphalectomy was performed in 5 (31.25%) patients, which were not amendable to a limited resection. The Sheldon classification was used, as it provides appropriate disease staging and is the most commonly utilized. Postoperative pathological results showed that 7 (43.75%) patients had localized tumors, and more than one-third (37.5%) of the patients had locally advanced Sheldon III disease, while 3 patients had distant metastasis at the time of surgery. Lymph node involvement was present in 3 patients (18.75%). Mean follow-up time was 2.5 years, ranging from 4 months to 7.6 years. Three patients (18.75%) were lost to follow-up, without any documented signs of local or systemic recurrence and were cancer free at the time of the last evaluation. In cases with lymph node involvement, local recurrence or distant metastasis, patients underwent cisplatin- or 5-fluorouracil-based salvage chemotherapy. Surgical treatment represents the gold standard, while adjuvant chemotherapy has a limited impact on overall survival. The utility of navel resection is questionable due to the rarity of direct invasion or local recurrence.

Objective: To investigate the changes of incidence and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer in thirty years in Taiwan. Methods: The databases of women with epithelial ovarian cancer during the period from 1979 to 2008 were retrieved from the National Cancer Registration System of Taiwan. The incidence and prognosis of these patients were analyzed. Results: Totally 9,491 patients were included in the study. The age-adjusted incidences of epithelial ovarian cancer were 1.01, 1.37, 2.37, 3.24, 4.18, and 6.33 per 100,000 person-years, respectively, in every 5-year period from 1979 to 2008. The age-specific incidence rates increased especially in serous, endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma, and the age of diagnosis decreased from sixty to fifty years old in the three decades. Patients with mucinous, endometrioid, or clear cell carcinoma had better long-term survival than patients with serous carcinoma (log rank test, p

AIM:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with malignant eyelid tumors.METHODS: This was a retrospective, non-randomized, clinical reviews. Between January, 2002 and December, 2011, 75 cases with histologically confirmed malignant eyelid tumors were evaluated. Patients’ charts were reviewed for clinical information, treatment procedure, and disease course. Survival analysis in terms of recurrence-free survival was performed using age, sex, location of tumor and histopathological type. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 78 months (mean=21 months).RESULTS: The 75 eyelid tumors included 35 basal cell carcinoma (BCC, 46.7%), 22 sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC, 29.3%), 7 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, 9.3%), 10 malignant melanoma (MM, 13.3%), and 1 Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC, 1.3%). Recurrence developed in 17 cases (22.7%). The recurrence rate of BCC (4/35, 11.4%) was significant lower than MM (6/10, 60.0%, PPCONCLUSION: It is important to achieve a negative tumor margin in canthus located malignant eyelid tumor. Clinicians should have a high level of suspicion for recurrence according to histological type when treating patients with eyelid tumor.

In the United States, renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has rapidly increased in incidence for over two decades. The most common histologic subtypes of RCC, clear cell, papillary, and chromophobe have distinct genetic and clinical characteristics; however, epidemiologic features of these subtypes have not been well characterized, particularly regarding any associations between race, disease subtypes, and recent incidence trends. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we examined differences in the age-adjusted incidence rates and trends of RCC subtypes, including analysis focusing on racial differences. Incidence rates increased over time (2001–2009) for all three subtypes. However, the proportion of white cases with clear cell histology was higher than among blacks (50% vs. 31%, respectively), whereas black cases were more likely than white cases to have papillary RCC (23% vs. 9%, respectively). Moreover, papillary RCC incidence increased more rapidly for blacks than whites (P

Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) of the stomach is a histological type based on microscopic characteristics. Although the distinctive clinicopathological features of SRC have been reported, results are inconsistent and survival outcomes are uncertain.We retrospectively studied 769 patients with gastric carcinoma who underwent gastrectomy in our institute from 1999 to 2009. Among them, 326 patients (42.4 %) had early gastric cancer (EGC) and 443 patients (57.6 %) had advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Sex, age, tumor location, macroscopic type, tumor size, microscopic invasion, and survival rate were compared between patients with SRC, differentiated-, and undifferentiated-type gastric carcinomas.Fifty-one patients (15.6 %) had SRC in EGC; there were significant differences in sex, age, location, macroscopic type, and size between SRC and the differentiated histological type. However, there was no difference between SRC and undifferentiated-type gastric carcinoma, except for the macroscopic type. Fifty-seven patients (12.9 %) had SRC in AGC. Sex, age, location, size, macroscopic type, perineural invasion, N stage, and hepatic metastasis were significantly different between SRC and the differentiated histological type. Undifferentiated-type gastric carcinoma differed in sex, macroscopic type, and hepatic metastasis. The overall survival rate differed between SRC and other cell types (P0.001). Among all the study patients, age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.013, P = 0.041] and tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage (HR 2.350, P0.001) were important factors for predicting survival. Omitting patients with palliative resection or metastases, TNM stage was still an important factor for survival (HR 2.077, P0.001).Patients with SRC showed similar clinicopathological features with undifferentiated histology. The survival of patients with SRC reflected a better prognosis in patients with undifferentiated gastric carcinoma. However, when narrowing the patients to those with EGC only, survival in EGC patients exhibited no difference between histological types. Among AGC patients, SRC patients had a worse prognosis than other cell types.

The present study aims to determine the various epidemiological characteristics of cancers in Niger from 1992 to 2009. It is a retrospective and descriptive study led from the data of the National cancers Register of Niger country between 1992 and 2009. During that period, 7,031 cases of cancers were collected. The number of registered patients suffering from cancers significantly increased, from 186 cases in 1992 to 646 cases in 2009. The ascendancy was feminine with a sex-ratio of 1.40. The average age was of 43 ± 17.53 years. The majority of the patients (70.2%) lived from the Niamey area. The breast cancer (27.36%) was the most frequent feminine cancer, followed by the cervical cancer (13.41%) and ovary cancer (8.83%). The main localizations in the man were the liver (19%), the skin (8.04%) and the bladder (4.92%). Approximately 7% of the registered cases are due to the child's cancers. The cancer's diagnosis of confirmation represented 42%; the carcinomas constituted (27.03%) the most frequent histological type. The Burkitt lymphoma (15.1%) was the most histological entity met in the child.

Objective To investigate the immunohistochemical expression of p63 in bladder cancer and the variation of expression in relation to histological type, grade and stage of the tumour, and whether bilharziasis (endemic in Egypt) has an effect on its expression, in an attempt to better understand the tumour behaviour and the possibility of using p63 as a prognostic marker. Patients and methods In a prospective study, biopsies were taken from the bladders of 70 patients, who were divided into three groups; group A comprised 10 with a normal urothelium, group B comprised 20 with chronic cystitis (bilharzial and non-bilharzial) and group C contained 40 with bladder cancer. The biopsies were examined for the expression of p63, using immunohistochemical techniques. Results The mean (SD) ages of groups A, B and C were 45.2 (9.5), 50.5 (11.7) and 60.5 (9.9) years, respectively. There was a statistically significant decrease in the expression and immunoreactivity in group C (P

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between narrow-band imaging (NBI) magnifying observation using the surface pattern as the main evaluation criterion and pit pattern diagnosis on the basis of magnifying observation using a dye in relation to the characteristics of colorectal tumors according to their morphologies. Methods: In this study, NBI observation and pit pattern diagnosis using a dye with magnifying observation were simultaneously performed in our hospital, and the consecutive 786 cases of colorectal lesions (hyperplasia, adenomata and early carcinomas) that had been endoscopically or surgically resected were retrospectively analyzed. NBI magnifying observation was in conformance with the Hiroshima classification and pit pattern diagnosis was in conformance with the Kudo and Tsuruta classification. The relationship between NBI magnifying observation and pit pattern diagnosis and that between NBI magnifying observation and the histological type/invasion depth were examined in relation to colorectal tumor morphology. Results: Type A corresponded to the type II pit pattern, type B corresponded to the type IIIS, type IIIL and type IV regular pit patterns, type C1 corresponded to the type VI slightly irregular pit pattern, type C2 corresponded to the type VI highly irregular pit pattern and type C3 corresponded to the type VN pit pattern. In the protruded type, the irregularity of type C1 or C2 lesions agreed with the type VI slightly or highly irregular pit pattern, respectively, in 114 cases (64.0%). Moreover, the irregularity was higher with NBI magnifying observation than with pit pattern diagnosis in 58 cases (32.6%). In the superficial type, the irregularity of type C1 or C2 lesions agreed with the type VI slightly or highly irregular pit pattern, respectively, in 63 cases (71.6%). Moreover, the irregularity was higher with NBI magnifying observation than with pit pattern diagnosis in 19 cases (21.6%). In the case of type C1 or C2 lesions, the irregularity tended to be higher with NBI magnifying observation than with pit pattern diagnosis in the protruded type compared to the superficial type (p = 0.087). Conclusion: The surface pattern, which was visible in NBI magnifying observation, differed from the pit pattern findings obtained by magnifying endoscopic observation using a dye. Findings were more detailed in pit pattern diagnosis using a dye than in NBI magnifying observation.

Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignancies and the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common histological type of esophageal cancer worldwide. Our goal in this study was to detect c-myc, p21WAF/CIP1, p53, C-erbB-2 and COX-2 immuno-expression in ESCC. Archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 18 cases of ESCC (13 biopsies and 5 surgical specimens) were studied, retrospectively, by immunohistochemistry. p53 protein was observed in 50% of the cases, while c-myc was found in 6 of 18 samples (33.33%). All samples (100%) were negative for p21WAF/CIP1. C-erbB-2 oncoprotein and the COX-2 protein were detected in 5.5% (1/18) and 16.66% (3/18) of the cases, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest that c-myc, p53, C-erbB-2 and COX-2 proteins do not correlate with cancer stage or follow-up in ESCC as revealed by immunohistochemistry.