127 results on '"Henson, Joseph"'
Search Results
102. Reallocating sitting time to standing or stepping through isotemporal analysis: associations with markers of chronic low-grade inflammation.
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph, Edwardson, Charlotte L., Bodicoat, Danielle H., Bakrania, Kishan, Davies, Melanie J., Khunti, Kamlesh, Talbot, Duncan C. S., and Yates, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors , *BIOMARKERS , *C-reactive protein , *CLINICAL trials , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *INFLAMMATION , *INTERLEUKINS , *PROBABILITY theory , *REGRESSION analysis , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SITTING position , *STANDING position , *WALKING , *LEPTIN , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *ACCELEROMETRY , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Although high levels of sitting time are adversely related to health, it is unclear whether moving from sitting to standing provides a sufficient stimulus to elicit benefits upon markers of chronic low-grade inflammation in a population at high risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Three hundred and seventy two participants (age = 66.8 ± 7.5years; body mass index (BMI) = 31.7 ± 5.5kg/m2; Male = 61%) were included. Sitting, standing and stepping was determined using the activPAL3TM device. Linear regression modelling employing an isotemporal substitution approach was used to quantify the association of theoretically substituting 60 minutes of sitting per day for standing or stepping on interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin. Reallocating 60 minutes of sitting time per day for standing was associated with a −4% (95% CI −7%, −1%) reduction in IL-6 (p = 0.048). Reallocating 60 minutes of sitting time for light stepping was also associated with lower IL-6 levels (−28% (−46%, −4%; p = 0.025)). Substituting sitting for moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) stepping was associated with lower CRP (−41% (−75%, −8%; p = 0.032)), leptin (−24% (−34%, −12%; p ≤ 0.001)) and IL-6 (−16% (−28%, 10%; p = 0.036). Theoretically replacing 60 minutes of sitting per day with an equal amount of either standing or stepping yields beneficial associations upon markers of chronic-low grade inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Sedentary Time and MRI-Derived Measures of Adiposity in Active Versus Inactive Individuals.
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph, Edwardson, Charlotte L., Morgan, Bruno, Horsfield, Mark A., Khunti, Kamlesh, Davies, Melanie J., and Yates, Thomas
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes ,OBESITY complications ,OVERWEIGHT persons ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,SEDENTARY behavior ,ABDOMINAL adipose tissue ,ADIPOSE tissue physiology ,HUMAN body composition ,COMPARATIVE studies ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,MOTOR ability ,OBESITY ,RESEARCH ,EVALUATION research ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,CROSS-sectional method ,CASE-control method ,SEDENTARY lifestyles - Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to examine cross-sectional associations between objectively measured sedentary time and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assessed adiposity in a population at high risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and to determine whether associations are modified by the recommended levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).Methods: Sedentary time and MVPA were measured objectively by using accelerometers. Linear regression models examined the association of sedentary time with liver, visceral, subcutaneous, and total abdominal fat (quantified by using MRI). Interaction terms determined whether results were consistent across activity categories (active [> 150 min/wk of MVPA] vs. inactive [< 150 min/wk of MVPA]).Results: One hundred and twenty-four participants (age = 64.0 ± 7.1 years; male = 65.3%; BMI = 31.8 ± 5.6 kg/m2 ) were included. Following adjustment, each 60 minutes of sedentary time was associated with 1.74 L higher total abdominal fat, 0.62 L higher visceral fat, 1.14 L higher subcutaneous fat, and 1.86% higher liver fat. When results were stratified by MVPA (active vs. inactive), sedentary time was associated with greater liver, visceral, and total abdominal fat in the inactive group only.Conclusions: These findings suggest that sedentary time is associated with higher levels of inter- and intraorgan fat, but associations with liver, visceral, and total abdominal fat were stronger in those who do not reach the current exercise recommendations for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Effect of the PPARG2 Pro12Ala Polymorphism on Associations of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Markers of Insulin Sensitivity in Those with an Elevated Risk of Type 2 Diabetes
- Author
-
Yates, Thomas, primary, Davies, Melanie J., additional, Henson, Joseph, additional, Edwardson, Charlotte, additional, Webb, David, additional, Bodicoat, Danielle H., additional, Webb, M’Balu, additional, Howard, Philip, additional, Cooper, Jackie A., additional, Humphries, Steve E., additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, and Talmud, Philippa, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. UNIT 3 Special care groups: Type 2 diabetes prevention: A guide to management.
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph, Yates, Thomas, Davies, Melanie, and Khunti, Kamlesh
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes prevention ,TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors ,BARIATRIC surgery ,METFORMIN ,BEHAVIOR modification ,CLINICAL trials ,DIABETES ,HEALTH behavior ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL protocols ,MEDICAL referrals ,NATIONAL health services ,PATIENT education ,PREDIABETIC state ,PRIMARY health care ,RISK assessment ,BODY mass index ,CONTINUING education units ,DISEASE progression ,PHYSICAL activity ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
In the continuum of glycaemia between type 2 diabetes and normal glucose control, there exists a condition known as non-diabetic hyperglycaemia (NDH). Individuals with NDH may benefit from timely lifestyle, medical or surgical intervention, and the efficacy of each approach is discussed in this article. Targeting type 2 diabetes prevention through national policies that reduce overall consumption of food and increase levels of physical activity is likely to be the most viable and cost-effective method. That said, solely relying on an individual's adherence to diet and physical activity recommendations may not be enough to delay progression for a large proportion of people at risk. Thus, attention must also be given to recommendations for pharmacological therapy or surgery in order to yield long-term societal benefits. The introduction of the National Diabetes Prevention Programme heralds an exciting time for diabetes prevention and, although real-world translation remains a huge hurdle, it also represents the best opportunity to stem the tide of the diabetes epidemic in England. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
106. Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Cut-Points in Multi-Ethnic Populations from the UK and India: The ADDITION-Leicester, Jaipur Heart Watch and New Delhi Cross-Sectional Studies
- Author
-
Bodicoat, Danielle H., primary, Gray, Laura J., additional, Henson, Joseph, additional, Webb, David, additional, Guru, Arvind, additional, Misra, Anoop, additional, Gupta, Rajeev, additional, Vikram, Naval, additional, Sattar, Naveed, additional, Davies, Melanie J., additional, and Khunti, Kamlesh, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. Sedentary Time and Markers of Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in a High Risk Population
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph, primary, Yates, Thomas, additional, Edwardson, Charlotte L., additional, Khunti, Kamlesh, additional, Talbot, Duncan, additional, Gray, Laura J., additional, Leigh, Thomas M., additional, Carter, Patrice, additional, and Davies, Melanie J., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting With Standing or Walking Attenuates the Postprandial Metabolic Response in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Acute Study.
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph, Davies, Melanie J., Bodicoat, Danielle H., Edwardson, Charlotte L., Gill, Jason M. R., Stensel, David J., Tolfrey, Keith, Dunstan, David W., Khunti, Kamlesh, and Yates, Thomas
- Subjects
- *
SITTING position , *POSTMENOPAUSE , *METABOLISM , *TYPE 2 diabetes risk factors , *PHYSICAL activity , *GLUCOSE , *FATTY acids , *TRIGLYCERIDES , *BLOOD sugar , *COMPARATIVE studies , *CROSSOVER trials , *INGESTION , *INSULIN , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *TYPE 2 diabetes , *OBESITY , *PHARMACOKINETICS , *POSTURE , *REGRESSION analysis , *RESEARCH , *RESEARCH funding , *WALKING , *EVALUATION research , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *GLUCOSE metabolism disorders - Abstract
Objective: To determine whether breaking up prolonged sitting with short bouts of standing or walking improves postprandial markers of cardiometabolic health in women at high risk of type 2 diabetes.Research Design and Methods: Twenty-two overweight/obese, dysglycemic, postmenopausal women (mean ± SD age 66.6 ± 4.7 years) each participated in two of the following treatments: prolonged, unbroken sitting (7.5 h) or prolonged sitting broken up with either standing or walking at a self-perceived light intensity (for 5 min every 30 min). Both allocation and treatment order were randomized. The incremental area under the curves (iAUCs) for glucose, insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and triglycerides were calculated for each treatment condition (mean ± SEM). The following day, all participants underwent the 7.5-h sitting protocol.Results: Compared with a prolonged bout of sitting (iAUC 5.3 ± 0.8 mmol/L ⋅ h), both standing (3.5 ± 0.8 mmol/L ⋅ h) and walking (3.8 ± 0.7 mmol/L ⋅ h) significantly reduced the glucose iAUC (both P < 0.05). When compared with prolonged sitting (548.2 ± 71.8 mU/L ⋅ h), insulin was also reduced for both activity conditions (standing, 437.2 ± 73.5 mU/L ⋅ h; walking, 347.9 ± 78.7 mU/L ⋅ h; both P < 0.05). Both standing (-1.0 ± 0.2 mmol/L ⋅ h) and walking (-0.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L ⋅ h) attenuated the suppression of NEFA compared with prolonged sitting (-1.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L ⋅ h) (both P < 0.05). There was no significant effect on triglyceride iAUC. The effects on glucose (standing and walking) and insulin (walking only) persisted into the following day.Conclusions: Breaking up prolonged sitting with 5-min bouts of standing or walking at a self-perceived light intensity reduced postprandial glucose, insulin, and NEFA responses in women at high risk of type 2 diabetes. This simple, behavioral approach could inform future public health interventions aimed at improving the metabolic profile of postmenopausal, dysglycemic women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. The association of smoking with different eating and dietary behaviours: A cross‐sectional analysis of 80 296 United Kingdom adults.
- Author
-
Alruwaili, Arwa, King, James A., Deighton, Kevin, Kelly, Benjamin M., Liao, Zhining, Innes, Aidan, Henson, Joseph, Yates, Thomas, Johnson, William, Thivel, David, Metz, Lore, Thackray, Alice E., Tolfrey, Keith, Stensel, David J., and Willis, Scott A.
- Abstract
Background and aims Design Setting Participants Measurements Findings Conclusions Smokers typically have a lower body mass index (BMI) than non‐smokers, while smoking cessation is associated with weight gain. In pre‐clinical research, nicotine in tobacco smoking suppresses appetite and influences subsequent eating behaviour; however, this relationship is unclear in humans. This study measured the associations of smoking with different eating and dietary behaviours.A cross‐sectional analysis of data from health assessments conducted between 2004 and 2022.An independent healthcare‐based charity within the United Kingdom.A total of 80 296 men and women (mean ± standard deviation [SD]: age, 43.0 ± 10.4 years; BMI, 25.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2; 62.5% male) stratified into two groups based on their status as a smoker (
n = 6042; 7.5%) or non‐smoker (n = 74 254; 92.5%).Smoking status (self‐report) was the main exposure, while the primary outcomes were selected eating and dietary behaviours. Age, sex and socioeconomic status (index of multiple deprivation [IMD]) were included as covariates and interaction terms, while moderate‐to‐vigorous exercise and sleep quality were included as covariates only.Smokers had lower odds of snacking between meals and eating food as a reward or out of boredom versus non‐smokers (all odds ratio [OR] ≤ 0.82;P < 0.001). Furthermore, smokers had higher odds of skipping meals, going more than 3 h without food, adding salt and sugar to their food, overeating and finding it hard to leave something on their plate versus non‐smokers (all OR ≥ 1.06;P ≤ 0.030). Additionally, compared with non‐smokers, smoking was associated with eating fried food more times per week (rate ratio [RR] = 1.08;P < 0.001), eating fewer meals per day, eating sweet foods between meals and eating dessert on fewer days per week (all RR ≤ 0.93;P < 0.001). Several of these relationships were modified by age, sex and IMD.Smoking appears to be associated with eating and dietary behaviours consistent with inhibited food intake, low diet quality and altered food preference. Several of these relationships are moderated by age, sex and socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. DOES BEDTIME MATTER FOR DIABETICS?
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph
- Published
- 2020
111. Active Voice: Voice: Breaking Up Sitting Time--Should We Stand Up, Sit Down or Keep Moving?
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph
- Subjects
TIME - Published
- 2020
112. Abstract 10122: A Randomized Trial of Exercise versus Low-energy Meal Replacement Diet to Improve Cardiac Dysfunction in Working-Age Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
- Author
-
Gulsin, Gaurav S, Swarbrick, Daniel J, Athithan, Lavanya, Brady, Emer M, Henson, Joseph J, Baldry, Emma, Argyridou, Stavroula, Marsh, Anna-Marie, Squire, Gareth, Jaicim, Nishal B, Biglands, John, Yates, Thomas, Khunti, Kamlesh, Davies, Melanie J, and McCann, Gerry
- Abstract
Introduction:Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) may already have diastolic dysfunction, a precursor to heart failure. Whether weight loss or exercise improve subclinical diastolic dysfunction in T2DM is not known.Methods:Phase 1) Case-control comparison of obese adults with T2DM and no CVD, with age- and sex-matched controls. Phase 2) Prospective, randomised, open-label blinded endpoint trial. Ninety obese T2DMs (age 50?7y, 59% male, BMI 37?6 kg/m2) and 39 controls (age 49?7y, 51% male, BMI 24?2 kg/m2) were recruited for Phase 1. In Phase 2, T2DMs were randomised 1:1:1 to a 12-week intervention with either: 1) routine care; 2) a low-energy (?810 kCal/day) meal replacement diet; or 3) a supervised aerobic exercise programme. Bio-anthropometric profiling and cardiac MRI at baseline and 12-weeks were performedResults:Clinical and MRI data pre- and post-intervention are shown in Table 1. Compared to controls, T2DMs had more concentric LV remodelling (p<0.001), smaller LA volumes (p=0.021) and lower circumferential peak early diastolic strain rate (cPEDSR, p=0.02). A total of 76 T2DMs completed the interventional trial. The diet arm lost 13Kg in weight, with dramatic improvements in BP and glycometabolic indices. The exercise arm had small reductions in weight, BP and HbA1c. Participants in exercise arm had an improvement in cPEDSR vs. those in routine care (0.132, 97.5% CI 0.038 to 0.225, p=0.002), without alterations in LV remodelling. cPEDSR did not improve in subjects assigned to the diet (0.016, 97.5% CI -0.075 to 0.106, p=0.731), but LV mass decreased, and LV and LA volumes increased. Furthermore, longitudinal PEDSR worsened in the diet arm vs. routine care (-0.097, 95% CI -0.173 to -0.021, p=0.016).Conclusions:Adults with T2DM have subclinical diastolic dysfunction, which improved with an exercise programme. Despite beneficial effects on cardio-metabolic factors and cardiac remodelling, weight loss did not improve and may worsen diastolic function in T2DM.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
113. Reply to Mekary, R.A.; Ding, E.L. Isotemporal Substitution as the Gold Standard Model for Physical Activity Epidemiology: Why It Is the Most Appropriate for Activity Time Research. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 797.
- Author
-
Biddle, Gregory J. H., Edwardson, Charlotte L., Henson, Joseph, Rowlands, Alex V., and Yates, Thomas
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
114. Associations of Physical Activity, Diet, and Kidney Function in Pre-diabetic Early Stage Chronic Kidney Disease: 1797 Board #58 May 31 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM.
- Author
-
Niyi-Odumosu, Faatihah, Yates, Thomas, Henson, Joseph, Stensel, David J., Smith, Alice C., Davies, Melanie J., and Bishop, Nicolette C.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
115. Active Voice: Sedentary Behavior and Regional Fat Distribution: Are You Sitting Too Comfortably?
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph
- Abstract
The article discusses a 2015 study which suggests that sedentary behavior has a deleterious impact upon heart, liver and visceral fat in persons at a high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the need to integrate the behavior's reduction with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA).
- Published
- 2015
116. The Effects Of Apholate On The Reproductive Organs Of The Face Fly, Musca Autumnalis
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph Lawrence
- Published
- 1965
117. A Quantitative And Qualitative Study Of Phytoplankton And Zooplankton In A Sewage Oxidation Pond At Easley, South Carolina
- Author
-
Henson, Joseph Lawrence
- Published
- 1963
118. BIOGRAPHICAL.
- Author
-
HENSON, JOSEPH
- Published
- 1848
119. A REMARKABLE DREAM.
- Author
-
HENSON, JOSEPH
- Published
- 1847
120. REVIVALS.
- Author
-
PELLEY, P., HENSON, JOSEPH, AYRES, B., TROUT, DAVID, TEBBS, FOUSHER C., BAYNE, JOHN, BLOOMER, W., SMITH, W. C., WEED, L. T., and HUGHES, GEORGE
- Published
- 1846
121. Relative protein intake and associations with markers of physical function in those with type 2 diabetes
- Author
-
Joseph Henson, Frank Arsenyadis, Emma Redman, Emer M. Brady, Nicole A. Coull, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Andrew P. Hall, Lewis J. James, Kamlesh Khunti, Alex V. Rowlands, Emma J. Stevenson, Daniel J. West, Melanie J. Davies, Thomas Yates, Henson, Joseph, Arsenyadis, Frank, Redman, Emma, Brady, Emer M, Coull, Nicole A, Edwardson, Charlotte L, Hall, Andrew P, James, Lewis J, Khunti, Kamlesh, Rowlands, Alex V, Stevenson, Emma J, West, Daniel J, Davies, Melanie J, and Yates, Thomas
- Subjects
Male ,Hand Strength ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,reference nutrient intake ,frailty ,Middle Aged ,protein intake ,Diet ,Walking Speed ,physical function ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Female ,type 2 diabetes ,Energy Intake ,Aged - Abstract
Aims: To examine the independent associations between relative protein intake (g kg−1 day 1) and markers of physical function in those with type 2 diabetes, while also comparing with current guidelines for protein intake. Methods: This analysis reports data from the ongoing Chronotype of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Effect on Glycaemic Control (CODEC) study. Functional assessments included: Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), 60 s sit-to-stand (STS-60), 4-m gait speed, time to rise from a chair (×5) and handgrip strength. Participants also completed a self-reported 4 day diet diary. Regression analyses assessed whether relative protein intake was associated with markers of physical function. Interaction terms assessed whether the associations were modified by sex, age, HbA1c or body mass index (BMI). Results413 participants were included (mean ± SD:age = 65.0 ± 7.7 years, 33% female, BMI = 30.6 ± 5.1 kg/m2). The average total protein intake was 0.88 ± 0.31 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ . 33% of individuals failed to meet the reference nutrient intake for the United Kingdom (≥0.75 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ ), and 87% for European recommendations (≥1.2 g kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ ). After adjustment, each 0.5 g/kg of protein intake was associated with an 18.9% (95% CI: 2.3, 35.5) higher SPPB score, 22.7% (1.1, 44.3) more repetitions in STS-60, 21.1% (4.5, 37.7) faster gait speed and 33.2% (16.9, 49.5) lower chair rise time. There were no associations with handgrip strength or any interactions. Conclusions: Relative protein intake was positively associated with physical function outcomes, even after consideration of total energy intake. As a number of individuals were below the current guidelines, protein intake may be a modifiable factor of importance for people with type 2 diabetes. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2022
122. Behavioural interventions to promote physical activity in a multiethnic population at high risk of diabetes: PROPELS three-arm RCT
- Author
-
Kamlesh Khunti, Simon Griffin, Alan Brennan, Helen Dallosso, Melanie Davies, Helen Eborall, Charlotte Edwardson, Laura Gray, Wendy Hardeman, Laura Heathcote, Joseph Henson, Katie Morton, Daniel Pollard, Stephen Sharp, Stephen Sutton, Jacqui Troughton, Thomas Yates, Khunti, Kamlesh [0000-0003-2343-7099], Griffin, Simon [0000-0002-2157-4797], Brennan, Alan [0000-0002-1025-312X], Dallosso, Helen [0000-0002-6732-0864], Davies, Melanie [0000-0002-9987-9371], Eborall, Helen [0000-0002-6023-3661], Edwardson, Charlotte [0000-0001-6485-9330], Gray, Laura [0000-0002-9284-9321], Hardeman, Wendy [0000-0002-6498-9407], Heathcote, Laura [0000-0001-8063-7447], Henson, Joseph [0000-0002-3898-7053], Morton, Katie [0000-0002-9961-6491], Pollard, Daniel [0000-0001-5630-0115], Sharp, Stephen [0000-0003-2375-1440], Sutton, Stephen [0000-0003-1610-0404], Troughton, Jacqui [0000-0003-3690-9534], Yates, Thomas [0000-0002-5724-5178], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Adult ,MULTIETHNIC ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Walking ,BEHAVIOUR CHANGE ,TYPE 2 DIABETES ,PRIMARY CARE ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control ,Medical technology ,PREDIABETES ,Humans ,MHEALTH ,R855-855.5 ,PEDOMETER ,Exercise ,Health Policy ,Middle Aged ,PREVENTION ,Actigraphy ,ETHNICITY ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,IMPAIRED GLUCOSE REGULATION ,NON-DIABETIC HYPERGLYCAEMIA ,Quality of Life ,Female ,PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ,STRUCTURED EDUCATION ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL - Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of mortality globally and accounts for significant health resource expenditure. Increased physical activity can reduce the risk of diabetes. However, the longer-term clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physical activity interventions in those at high risk of type 2 diabetes is unknown. Objectives To investigate whether or not Walking Away from Diabetes (Walking Away) – a low-resource, 3-hour group-based behavioural intervention designed to promote physical activity through pedometer use in those with prediabetes – leads to sustained increases in physical activity when delivered with and without an integrated mobile health intervention compared with control. Design Three-arm, parallel-group, pragmatic, superiority randomised controlled trial with follow-up conducted at 12 and 48 months. Setting Primary care and the community. Participants Adults whose primary care record included a prediabetic blood glucose measurement recorded within the past 5 years [HbA1c ≥ 42 mmol/mol (6.0%), Interventions Participants were randomised (1 : 1 : 1) using a web-based tool to (1) control (information leaflet), (2) Walking Away with annual group-based support or (3) Walking Away Plus (comprising Walking Away, annual group-based support and a mobile health intervention that provided automated, individually tailored text messages to prompt pedometer use and goal-setting and provide feedback, in addition to biannual telephone calls). Participants and data collectors were not blinded; however, the staff who processed the accelerometer data were blinded to allocation. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was accelerometer-measured ambulatory activity (steps per day) at 48 months. Other objective and self-reported measures of physical activity were also assessed. Results A total of 1366 individuals were randomised (median age 61 years, median body mass index 28.4 kg/m2, median ambulatory activity 6638 steps per day, women 49%, black and minority ethnicity 28%). Accelerometer data were available for 1017 (74%) and 993 (73%) individuals at 12 and 48 months, respectively. The primary outcome assessment at 48 months found no differences in ambulatory activity compared with control in either group (Walking Away Plus: 121 steps per day, 97.5% confidence interval –290 to 532 steps per day; Walking Away: 91 steps per day, 97.5% confidence interval –282 to 463). This was consistent across ethnic groups. At the intermediate 12-month assessment, the Walking Away Plus group had increased their ambulatory activity by 547 (97.5% confidence interval 211 to 882) steps per day compared with control and were 1.61 (97.5% confidence interval 1.05 to 2.45) times more likely to achieve 150 minutes per week of objectively assessed unbouted moderate to vigorous physical activity. In the Walking Away group, there were no differences compared with control at 12 months. Secondary anthropometric, biomechanical and mental health outcomes were unaltered in either intervention study arm compared with control at 12 or 48 months, with the exception of small, but sustained, reductions in body weight in the Walking Away study arm (≈ 1 kg) at the 12- and 48-month follow-ups. Lifetime cost-effectiveness modelling suggested that usual care had the highest probability of being cost-effective at a threshold of £20,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. Of 50 serious adverse events, only one (myocardial infarction) was deemed possibly related to the intervention and led to the withdrawal of the participant from the study. Limitations Loss to follow-up, although the results were unaltered when missing data were replaced using multiple imputation. Conclusions Combining a physical activity intervention with text messaging and telephone support resulted in modest, but clinically meaningful, changes in physical activity at 12 months, but the changes were not sustained at 48 months. Future work Future research is needed to investigate which intervention types, components and features can help to maintain physical activity behaviour change over the longer term. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN83465245. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 25, No. 77. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
- Published
- 2022
123. Importance of overall activity and intensity of activity for cardiometabolic risk in those with and without a chronic disease
- Author
-
NATHAN P. DAWKINS, TOM YATES, CHARLOTTE L. EDWARDSON, BEN MAYLOR, JOSEPH HENSON, ANDREW P. HALL, MELANIE J. DAVIES, DAVID W. DUNSTAN, PATRICK J. HIGHTON, LOUISA Y. HERRING, KAMLESH KHUNTI, ALEX V. ROWLANDS, Dawkins, Nathan P, Yates, Tom, Edwardson, Charlotte L, Maylor, Ben, Henson, Joseph, Hall, Andrew P, Davies, Melanie J, Dunstan, David W, Highton, Patrick J, Herring, Louisa Y, Khunti, Kamlesh, and Rowlands, Alex V
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,GGIR ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Blood Pressure ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Risk Factors ,cardiometabolic risk ,accelerometry ,Humans ,Female ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Sedentary Behavior ,intensity gradient ,chronic disease - Abstract
Refereed/Peer-reviewed Introduction Higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower cardiometabolic risk. However, the relative contribution of overall activity and the intensity of activity are unclear. Our aim was to determine the relative contribution of overall activity and intensity distribution of activity to cardiometabolic risk in a cross-sectional analysis of apparently healthy office workers and in people with one or more chronic disease. Methods Clustered cardiometabolic risk score was calculated from mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and HbA1c. Open-source software (GGIR) was used to generate average acceleration and intensity gradient from wrist-worn accelerometer data for two data sets: office-workers who did not have a self-reported medical condition (n = 399, 70% women) and adults with one or more chronic disease (n = 1137, 34% women). Multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess the relative contribution of overall activity and intensity of activity to cardiometabolic risk. Results When mutually adjusted, both overall activity and intensity of activity were independently associated with cardiometabolic risk in the healthy group (P < 0.05). However, for the CD group, although mutually adjusted associations for average acceleration were significantly associated with cardiometabolic risk (P < 0.001), intensity was not. In healthy individuals, cardiometabolic risk was lower in those with high overall activity and/or intensity of activity, and who also undertook at least 10 min brisk walking. In those with a chronic disease, risk was lower in those who undertook at least 60 min slow walking. Conclusions These findings suggest interventions aiming to optimize cardiometabolic health in healthy adults could focus on increasing both intensity and amount of physical activity. However, in those with chronic disease, increasing the amount of activity undertaken, regardless of intensity, may be more appropriate.
- Published
- 2022
124. Self-compassion, sleep quality and psychological well-being in type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study
- Author
-
Sarah Gunn, Joseph Henson, Noelle Robertson, John Maltby, Emer M Brady, Sarah Henderson, Michelle Hadjiconstantinou, Andrew P Hall, Alex V Rowlands, Thomas Yates, Melanie J Davies, Gunn, Sarah, Henson, Joseph, Robertson, Noelle, Maltby, John, Brady, Emer M, Henderson, Sarah, Hadjiconstantinou, Michelle, Hall, Andrew P, Rowlands, Alex V, Yates, Thomas, and Davies, Melanie J
- Subjects
stress ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Sleep Quality ,health behavior ,type 2 ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,diabetes mellitus ,Humans ,psychological ,Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ,sleep ,Self-Compassion - Abstract
IntroductionLow self-compassion and poor sleep quality have been identified as potential key predictors of distress in type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study investigated relationships between sleep behaviors (sleep duration, social jetlag and daytime sleepiness), diabetes-related distress (DRD) and self-compassion in people with T2D.Research design and methodsThis cross-sectional study used data from 467 people with T2D derived from self-report questionnaires, accelerometer-assessed sleep measures and demographic information (clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT02973412). All participants had a diagnosis of T2D and no comorbid sleep disorder (excluding obstructive sleep apnea). Hierarchical multiple regression and mediation analysis were used to quantify relationships between self-compassion, sleep variables and DRD.ResultsSignificant predictors of DRD included two negative subscales of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS), and daytime sleepiness. The ‘overidentified’ and ‘isolation’ SCS subscales were particularly important in predicting distress. Daytime sleepiness also partially mediated the influence of self-compassion on DRD, potentially through self-care around sleep.ConclusionsDaytime sleepiness and negative self-compassion have clear associations with DRD for people with T2D. The specific negative subscale outcomes suggest that strengthening individuals’ ability to mindfully notice thoughts and experiences without becoming enmeshed in them, and reducing a sense of separateness and difference, might be key therapeutic targets for improving well-being in T2D. Psychological interventions should include approaches focused on reducing negative self-compassion and improving sleep behavior. Equally, reducing DRD may carry beneficial outcomes for sleep and self-compassion. Further work is however crucial to establish causation and long-term impact, and for development of relevant clinical resources.
- Published
- 2022
125. Modelling the Reallocation of Time Spent Sitting into Physical Activity: Isotemporal Substitution vs. Compositional Isotemporal Substitution
- Author
-
Stephen Sutton, Gregory J H Biddle, Joseph Henson, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Thomas Yates, Alex V. Rowlands, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Kamlesh Khunti, Melanie J. Davies, Henson, Joseph [0000-0002-3898-7053], Biddle, Stuart J. H. [0000-0002-7663-6895], Khunti, Kamlesh [0000-0003-2343-7099], Rowlands, Alex V. [0000-0002-1463-697X], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Biddle, Stuart J H [0000-0002-7663-6895], Rowlands, Alex V [0000-0002-1463-697X], and Biddle, Stuart JH [0000-0002-7663-6895]
- Subjects
Waist ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Physical activity ,physical activity ,Sitting ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Total cholesterol ,sedentary behaviour ,Accelerometry ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Exercise ,Physical behaviour ,Lipoprotein cholesterol ,business.industry ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,humanities ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,time use ,Sedentary Behavior ,Waist Circumference ,business ,Demography ,cardiometabolic health - Abstract
Funder: Department of Health, Isotemporal substitution modelling (ISM) and compositional isotemporal modelling (CISM) are statistical approaches used in epidemiology to model the associations of replacing time in one physical behaviour with time in another. This study's aim was to use both ISM and CISM to examine and compare associations of reallocating 60 min of sitting into standing or stepping with markers of cardiometabolic health. Cross-sectional data collected during three randomised control trials (RCTs) were utilised. All participants (n = 1554) were identified as being at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Reallocating 60 min from sitting to standing and to stepping was associated with a lower BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol using both ISM and CISM (p < 0.05). The direction and magnitude of significant associations were consistent across methods. No associations were observed for hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for either method. Results of both ISM and CISM were broadly similar, allowing for the interpretation of previous research, and should enable future research in order to make informed methodological, data-driven decisions.
- Published
- 2021
126. The impact of COVID‐19 restrictions on accelerometer‐assessed physical activity and sleep in individuals with type 2 diabetes
- Author
-
Andrew P. Hall, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Thomas Yates, Alex V. Rowlands, Emer M Brady, Kamlesh Khunti, Joseph Henson, Melanie J. Davies, Nicole A. Coull, Rowlands, Alex V, Henson, Joseph J, Coull, Nicole A, Edwardson, Charlotte L, Brady, Emer, Hall, Andrew, Khunti, Kamlesh, Davies, Melanie, and Yates, Tom
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,activity monitor ,Ethnic group ,coronavirus ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Motor Activity ,CODEC ,lockdown ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,MVPA ,Accelerometry ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Medical history ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Aged ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Chronotype ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,accelerometer ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Communicable Disease Control ,Observational study ,Female ,Sleep (system call) ,business ,Sleep ,Body mass index ,Demography ,Research: Epidemiology - Abstract
Aims: Restrictions during the COVID-19 crisis will have impacted on opportunities to be active. We aimed to (a) quantify the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on accelerometer-assessed physical activity and sleep in people with type 2 diabetes and (b) identify predictors of physical activity during COVID-19 restrictions. Methods: Participants were from the UK Chronotype of Patients with type 2 diabetes and Effect on Glycaemic Control (CODEC) observational study. Participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for 8 days before and during COVID-19 restrictions. Accelerometer outcomes included the following: overall physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), time spent inactive, days/week with ≥30-minute continuous MVPA and sleep. Predictors of change in physical activity taken pre-COVID included the following: age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), socio-economic status and medical history. Results: In all, 165 participants (age (mean±S.D = 64.2 ± 8.3 years, BMI=31.4 ± 5.4 kg/m2, 45% women) were included. During restrictions, overall physical activity was lower by 1.7 mg (~800 steps/day) and inactive time 21.9 minutes/day higher, but time in MVPA and sleep did not statistically significantly change. In contrast, the percentage of people with ≥1 day/week with ≥30-minute continuous MVPA was higher (34% cf. 24%). Consistent predictors of lower physical activity and/or higher inactive time were higher BMI and/or being a woman. Being older and/or from ethnic minorities groups was associated with higher inactive time. Conclusions: Overall physical activity, but not MVPA, was lower in adults with type 2 diabetes during COVID-19 restrictions. Women and individuals who were heavier, older, inactive and/or from ethnic minority groups were most at risk of lower physical activity during restrictions Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2021
127. Associations of Physical Activity Intensities with Markers of Insulin Sensitivity
- Author
-
Charlotte L. Edwardson, Alex V. Rowlands, Laura J. Gray, Joseph Henson, Charlotte Jelleyman, Thomas Yates, Kamlesh Khunti, Melanie J. Davies, Jelleyman, Charlotte, Edwardson, Charlotte L, Henson, Joseph, Gray, Laura J, Rowlands, Alex V, Khunti, Kamlesh, Davies, Melanie J, and Yates, Thomas
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,Physical activity ,physical activity ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Health outcomes ,Body Mass Index ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,Risk Factors ,Accelerometry ,insulin sensitivity ,Humans ,Insulin ,Medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Exercise ,Aged ,Insulin blood ,business.industry ,Insulin sensitivity ,Fasting ,030229 sport sciences ,Middle Aged ,Intensity (physics) ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,intensity ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Objectively measured physical activity (PA) intensity has traditionally been categorised as light, moderate and vigorous using laboratory calibrated cut-points. The relative contribution of time spent across a spectrum of accelerometer-determined intensities on health outcomes is less clear. PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between objectively measured PA intensity on a continuous scale and markers of insulin sensitivity. METHODS: Participants at high risk of type 2 diabetes were recruited from primary care (Leicestershire, UK). PA was measured using an ActiGraph accelerometer. Fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin levels were assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity (IS) was calculated using the Matsuda-IS and HOMA-IS indices. Log-linear regression modelling was used to assess the relationship between PA intensity, in 500 count per min (cpm) increments, with markers of IS. Models were controlled for known confounders. RESULTS: Complete data were available for 569 participants. PA intensity was favourably associated with fasting and 2 hour insulin and IS, with the association increasing in magnitude with each 500 cpm increment. Differences in HOMA-IS per 10 min of PA ranged from 12.4% (95% confidence intervals 3.7, 21.8%) to 26.8% (11.0, 44.7%) within the moderate-intensity PA category (from 2000-2499 cpm to 3500-3999 cpm). For Matsuda IS, these differences were 22.0% (10.3, 34.9%) and 34.7% (13.9, 59.3%) respectively. Significant associations for fasting insulin were no longer observed after controlling for BMI, whereas differences associated with 2 hour insulin and IS were attenuated but still significant. CONCLUSION: PA of any intensity may positively influence glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity in individuals at high risk of T2DM in a dose-response manner. Further research is required to identify the intensity thresholds at which clinically relevant benefits occur in this population. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2017
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.