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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.031 Byline: Anne L. Dunlop (a), Brian W. Jack (b), Joseph N. Bottalico (c), Michael C. Lu (d), Andra James (e), Cynthia S. Shellhaas (f)(g), Lynne Haygood-Kane Hallstrom (h), Benjamin D. Solomon (i), W. Gregory Feero (i), M. Kathryn Menard (j), Mona R. Prasad (f) Keywords: chronic; medical condition; preconception Abstract: This article reviews the medical conditions that are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes for women and their offspring. We also present the degree to which specific preconception interventions and treatments can impact the effects of the condition on birth outcomes. Because avoiding, delaying, or achieving optimal timing of a pregnancy is often an important component of the preconception care of women with medical conditions, contraceptive considerations particular to the medical conditions are also presented. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (b) Department of Family Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA (c) Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ (d) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Community Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Schools of Public Medicine and Public Health, Los Angeles, CA (e) Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC (f) Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH (g) Bureau of Child and Family Health Services, State of Ohio, Columbus, OH (h) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (i) National Human Genome Project Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (j) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC Article History: Received 17 June 2008; Accepted 8 August 2008 Article Note: (footnote) This work was supported in part by the National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health., Conflict of Interest: Anne L. Dunlop, MD, MPH; Brian W. Jack, MD; Michael C. Lu, MD, MS, MPH; Andra James, MD, MPH; Cynthia S. Shellhaas, MD, MPH; Lynne Haygood-Kane Hallstrom, DO, CNM, MS; Benjamin D. Solomon, MD; W. Gregory Feero, MD, PhD; and M. Kathryn Menard, MD, MPH have no conflict of interest including grants, honoraria, advisory board membership, or share holdings. Joseph N. Bottalico, DO, is a member of the CDC Select Panel on Preconception Care, a voluntary unpaid position in which he represents the American College of Osteopathic Ob-Gyn and the American Osteopathic Assn (no known conflict). He is also an (appointed, unpaid) volunteer member of the NJ DHSS Diabetes Advisory Council, also without conflict. With the New Jersey Chapter of the March of Dimes, he is a member of the annual conference planning committee (no known conflict) and has received one honorarium from the March of Dimes jointly with the Johnson and Johnson foundation (New Brunswick, NJ) for a grand rounds presentation on preconception care presented to the OB-Gyn Dept at UMDNJ-SOM in December 2007. He sits on the regional MCH consortium's BOD (Southern NJ Perinatal Cooperative) and chairs their Clinical/QA committee which also presents no known conflicts. Mona R. Prasad, DO, MPH is the recipient of a $25,000 service grant from the March of Dimes for the year 2008.