308 results on '"HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION"'
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302. Career Concerns and the Acquisition of Firm-Specific Skills
- Author
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Bernard Sinclair-Desgagné and Olivier Cadot
- Subjects
personnel management ,human capital formation ,occupational choice ,labor productivity ,Economics and Econometrics ,Process (engineering) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Wage ,Subsidy ,Context (language use) ,Public relations ,Human capital ,Schedule (workplace) ,Incentive ,Margin (finance) ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,business ,Finance ,media_common - Abstract
This paper studies compensation schemes that can motivate a worker to acquire nonverifiable firm-specific skills, when the acquisition process is also one of learning about managerial talent. At the beginning of the employment relationship, the worker encounters opportunities to enhance her specific human capital. Greater skills may increase the chances of being promoted; but as more opportunities are taken, more is learned about the worker's talent, and someone displaying low talent is sure not to be promoted. In this context we show that first-best firm-specific skills collection can be implemented with a scheme that combines discretionary promotions, an appropriate wage schedule and subsidies of training at the margin. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG - (Karrierepläne und der Erwerb von unternehmensspezifischen Fähigkeiten) In diesem Beitrag werden Entlohnungssysteme untersucht, die einen Beschäftigten dazu motivieren können nichtverifizierbare unternehmensspezifische Fähigkeiten zu erwerben, wenn es sich darum handelt, in diesem Prozeß auch Managementfähigkeiten zu erlernen. Zu Beginn der Beschäftigung sieht sich der Beschäftigte Möglichkeiten gegenübergestellt, sein spezifisches Humankapital zu vergrößern. Bessere Fähigkeiten können die Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Beförderung erhöhen. Je mehr Gelegenheiten er wahrnimmt, desto besser wird auch das Talent des Beschäftigten erkannt. Bei geringem Talent wird auch deutlich, daß keine Beförderung ansteht. In diesem Zusammenhang wird gezeigt, daß der erstbeste unternehmensspezifische Fähigkeitserwerb mit einem Entlohnungsschema umgesetzt werden kann, das Beförderungen mit Ermessensspielraum bei einem angemessenem Gehalt und ein Fortbildungsförderungssystem "am Rand" verbindet.
- Published
- 1997
303. As Ciências Sociais e Humanas em Portugal : abordagem bibliométrica da produção científica dos últimos quinze anos
- Author
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Costa, Maria do Rosário Santos de Sá Couto and Silva, Cândido Marciano
- Subjects
Capacity ,Escolha de Ocupações ,Produção ,Production ,Aprendizagem e Informação ,Gestão da Inovação Tecnológica e I&D ,Human Capital Formation ,Occupational Choice ,Pesquisa ,Management of Technological Innovation and R&D ,Análise da Educação ,Capacidade ,Formação do Capital Humano ,Search, Learning and Information ,Produtividade do Trabalho ,Analysis of Education ,Labor Productivity ,Capital e Produtividade do Factor Total ,Capital and Total Factor Productivity - Abstract
Mestrado em Economia e Gestão de Ciência e Tecnologia Este trabalho tem por objectivo identificar as questões que se levantam quando se tenta avaliar a produção científica nacional das Ciências Sociais e Humanas (CSH) - últimos quinze anos - através de indicadores bibliométricos. Para dar contexto a esta problemática é traçada a evolução de vários componentes deste sub-sistema científico Como metodologia optou-se pelo levantamento de dados, pela realização de inquéritos, pela consulta de bibliografia e de bases de dados. A tendência mais marcante dos últimos vinte anos nas CSH é a expansão e a diversificação do ensino superior: no número e variedade de cursos, no aparecimento de novas áreas e instituições, no número de licenciados, mestres e doutorados. Regista-se o crescimento acentuado do ensino politécnico e o peso elevado do sector privado. No que diz respeito à investigação científica, conclui-se que não são as Ciências mais ensinadas que são mais investigadas. A maior parte das unidades de investigação (82%) pertencem às universidades, sendo pequeno o contributo dos politécnicos para a investigação científica (8,7%). Através do número de doutoramentos realizados até 1979, identifícam-se as Ciências que não se conseguiram institucionalizar em Portugal até 1974. Em 1980 foram incluídos, no SSCI e no A&HCI, 25 trabalhos relativos a 15 áreas das CSH; em 1995, foram incluídos 109. Para um período de quinze anos e tendo em conta o aumento dos doutorados, de 13 para 569, foi um crescimento muito reduzido. Com base nos números obtidos para a Economia e generalizando para o grupo das CSH, conclui-se que a parte da produção científica nacional que transparece nos produtos do ISI é uma parcela reduzida e redutora da totalidade de trabalhos publicados. Tendo em conta esta situação questiona-se a validade de se constituírem indicadores bibliométricos a partir exclusivamente dessas fontes. Esta dúvida é alargada e interroga-se a pertinência do uso de indicadores bibliométricos para avaliação destas Ciências. Tudo se joga na importância que é atribuída à comunicação e às formas como esta se concretiza nas CSH. The purpose of this work is to identify the issues arising when trying to evaluate national scientific production in the Social and Human Sciences (SHS) area - in the latest fifteen years - through bibliometric indicators. In order to support this problematic issue, we traced the evolution of several components of this scientific sub-system. Within the methodology used we can point out data survey, inquiries and consultation of bibliography and databases. The most striking trend of the latest twenty years in SHS is the expansion and diversification occurred at high school levei; rising number and variety of new courses, new areas and institutions, rising number of graduations, masters and doctorates. There is also a marked increase of polytechnic schools and private ones. As far as scientifíc research is concerned, one may conclude that the the areas preferred for research are not those with a major population of students. The majority of the research units (82%) belong to universities, and the contribution of polythechnic schools for scientifíc research is quite small (8,7%). Based on the number of doctorates registered up to 1979 we may identify the Scientifíc areas that were not yet approved in Portugal by 1974. In 1980, 25 works concerning 15 areas of SHS were included in SSCI and A&HCI; in 1995, 109. For such a period of fifteen years and considering the increased number of doctorates (from 13 to 569), the registered increase is rather slow. From the figures retrieved for Economics and generalizing to the SHS group, one may conclude that the part played by the national scientifíc production and emerging from ISI products is rather small and diminishes the totality of published works. Taking into account this situation one may question the validity of creating bibliometric indicators exclusively from these sources. This doubt is also extendable to other areas and one may question the relevance of using bibliometric indicators for the assessment of these Sciences. It ali depends on the importance given to communication and to the various forms of accomplishing in the SHS. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
- Published
- 1996
304. Early-life conditions and child development: Evidence from a violent conflict.
- Author
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Duque V
- Abstract
This paper investigates how the exposure to violent conflicts in utero and in early and late childhood affect human capital formation. I focus on a wide range of child development outcomes, including novel cognitive and non-cognitive indicators. Using monthly and municipality-level variation in the timing and severity of massacres in Colombia from 1999 to 2007, I show that children exposed to terrorist attacks in utero and in childhood achieve lower height-for-age (0.09 SD) and cognitive outcomes (PPVT falls by 0.18SD and math reasoning and general knowledge fall by 0.16SD), and that these results are robust to controlling for mother fixed-effects. The timing of these exposures matters and differs by type of skill. In terms of parental investments, I find some evidence that parents reinforce the negative effects of violence by increasing their frequency of physical aggression.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
305. Early Health Shocks, Intra-household Resource Allocation and Child Outcomes.
- Author
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Yi J, Heckman JJ, Zhang J, and Conti G
- Abstract
An open question in the literature is whether families compensate or reinforce the impact of child health shocks. Discussions usually focus on one dimension of child investment. This paper examines multiple dimensions using household survey data on Chinese child twins whose average age is 11. We find that, compared with a twin sibling who did not suffer from negative early health shocks at ages 0-3, the other twin sibling who did suffer negative health shocks received RMB 305 more in terms of health investments, but received RMB 182 less in terms of educational investments in the 12 months prior to the survey. In terms of financial transfers over all dimensions of investment, the family acts as a net equalizer in response to early health shocks for children. We estimate a human capital production function and establish that, for this sample, early health shocks negatively affect child human capital, including health, education, and socioemotional skills. Compensating investments in health as measured by BMI reduce the adverse effects of health shocks by 50%, but exacerbate the adverse impact of shocks on educational attainment by 30%.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
306. On Human Capital Formation with Exit Options: Comment and New Results
- Author
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Poutvaara, Panu
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
307. On Human Capital Formation with Exit Options
- Author
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Katz, Eliakim and Rapoport, Hillel
- Published
- 2005
308. Unemployment and Earnings for Second Generation Immigrants in Sweden. Ethnic Background and Parent Composition
- Author
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Rooth, Dan-Olof and Ekberg, Jan
- Published
- 2003
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