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Programming methodology has emphasized different criteria for judging the quality of software during the three decades of its existence. In the early days of scarce computing resources the most important aspect of a program was its functionality — what it can do, and how efficiently it works. In the second phase of structured programming the realization that programs have a long life and need continuous adaptation to changing demands led to the conclusion that functionality is not enough — a program must be understandable, so that its continued utility is not tied to its inventor. Today, in the age of interactive computer usage and the growing number of casual users, we begin to realize that functionality and good structure are also not enough — good behavior towards the user is just as important. Interactive use of computers by users with a wide variety of backgrounds, in different applications, is ever increasing.

According to the increasing demands for magnetic tape printing especially for video tape, the magnetic tape duplication using a contact process is one of the most attractive solutions. There are two major methods, i. e. anhysteretic transfer and thermal transfer. The coercivity of the master tape should be 2.5 times higher than the slave by computer simulation for anhysteretic transfer, but is not important for thermal transfer. The highest coercivity of the slave tape will be decided by the master tape which, in turn, is limited by the recording head saturation for anhysteretic transfer, however, the thermal characteristics of coercivity and magnetic induction under Tc are more dominant for thermal transfer. The tape surface roughness as well as the coercivity is very important for short wavelength printing. In this paper, the properties of the master and slave tapes for anhysteretic and thermal transfer are discussed with theoretical and experimental results.

Ecnomus sakishimensis sp. nov. (Figs. 5 A���G, 6) Diagnosis. The male of this species is somewhat similar to that of E. ramayana Malicky & Chantaramongkok 1993 described from Thailand, but can be distinguished from the latter and also other Ecnomus species by the unique shape and structure of the inferior appendages which are short and subtriangular in lateral aspect and have a mesal projection. The female is characterized by the ventral plates of segment VIII, which are relatively small and constricted in the basal half. Description. Adult (Fig. 5). Length of each forewing of male 3.5 ���5.0 mm (mean = 4.3 mm, n = 13), female 3.7���5.1 mm (mean = 4.5 mm, n = 8). General appearance similar to E. japonicus. Male genitalia (Fig. 5 A���E). Tergum IX short, about 1 / 2 to 2 / 3 as long as sternum IX (Fig. 5 A); anterodorsal margin deeply notched (Fig. 5 B); sternum IX without longitudinal median line; anteroventral margin shallowly excised; posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 5 C). Segment X represented by pair of short, broad plates, each with 3 setae along posteromesal margin (Fig. 5 B). Superior appendages slender, long, almost parallel-sided with round apices in lateral aspect (Fig. 5 A), weakly curved inward in dorsal aspect (Fig. 5 B); inner surfaces concave, bearing black peg-like stout setae along dorsal and apical margins in distal 1 / 3 (Fig. 5 B); finger-like projection arising from each ventrobasal corner, with 2 setae apically (Fig. 5 B). Inferior appendages short, as long as high, not reaching posterior end of superior appendages, subtriangular in lateral aspect (Fig. 5 A); each with inner projection curved dorsomesad, tapered to apex (Figs. 5 A, 5 C); basal plate semisclerotized, with pair of small lateral projections at midlength (Fig. 5 C). Phallus bulbous basally, acute apically, sclerotized laterally and membranous dorsally, including pair of sclerites; parameres moderately screlotized, flattened, subtriangular in lateral aspect, directed posterodorsad; dorsobasal lobe distinct (Fig. 5 E). Female genitalia (Figs. 5 F, 5 G). Ventromesal plate of sternum VII absent. Ventral plates of sternum VIII relatively small, constricted in lateral aspect (Fig. 5 F) and projecting anterad laterally at basal 1 / 3 rd to 1 / 2 nd; each with basal part adhering to main body of segment; distal part flap-like, each with 3 long setae along posterior margin (Figs. 5 F, 5 G). Segment X with small sclerites on posterior unpigmented portion (Fig. 5 F). Segment XI setose, well pigmented (Figs. 5 F, 5 G). Holotype. male (in alcohol), Japan, Ry��ky�� Islands, Iriomote-jima, Taketomi-ch��, ��mijya-gawa, ��mijyabashi, 24.39 ��N, 123.86 ��E, 24.iii. 1999, TI & AO (SEHU). Paratypes. 4 males, (in alcohol), same data as holotype (CBM); 5 males, Iriomote-jima, Taketomi-ch��, Airagawa, nr. R. 217, 28��� 30.x. 2012, TI (SEHU); 3 males (in alcohol), Iriomote-jima, Taketomi-ch��, Aira-gawa, 13��� 17.iii. 2002, T. Yoshida & H. Sugaya (CBM). Other specimens. [Ry��ky�� Islands] Ishigaki-jima: 6 males, 3 females, Ishigaki-shi, Hakusui, Nagura-gawa, el. 3���28 m, 13���21.x. 1999, K. Konishi; 2 males, 1 female, ibid, 11���15.iv. 2005, TI; 1 female, ibid, 22.iii. 2009, TI. 1 male, ibid, 11.iii. 2011, TI; 1 female, ibid, 12.iv. 2011, TI; 3 males, 14 females, ibid, 25���26.x. 2012, TI; 1 male, Ishigaki-shi, Nagura-gawa, el. 95 m, 26.x. 2012, TI; 1 male, 3 females, Ishigaki-shi, tributary of Nagura-gawa, el. 9 m, 11���13.iv. 2011, TI; 2 males, 1 female, Ishigaki-shi, stream nr. Nagura-dam, el. 70 m, 11.iv. 2011, TI. Iriomotejima: 1 male, Taketomi-ch��, Aira-gawa, 24.iii. 1999, TI & AO; 1 male, 2 females, ibid, 13���17.iii. 2002, T. Yoshida & H. Sugaya; 2 females, ibid, 1.xii. 2013, TI; 1 male, Taketomi-ch��, ��tomi, Nishifunatsuki-gawa, 23.iii. 1999, TI & AO; 1 female, ibid, 30.x. 2012, TI; 2 males, same data as holotype; 1 male, type locality, 13.iv. 2005, TI; 4 females, type locality, 9.x. 2012, TI. Etymology. Named for its distribution in the Sakishima Islands, which is the southern part of the Ry��ky�� Islands, including Ishigaki-jima and Iriomote-jima. Distribution. Japan: Ry��ky�� Islands (Ishigaki-jima, Iriomote-jima). Habitat. The above specimens were collected beside streams and rivers, mainly in the middle reaches. Remarks. This species belongs to the E. connatus Group of Li & Morse (1997), because the phallus is bulbous basally and acute apically, the superior appendages are elongate, and sternum IX lacks a longitudinal median line. The Ry��ky�� Islands, except the northern part, are usually considered to be included in the Oriental region (Toda et al. 2003), hence this is an Oriental species., Published as part of Kuhara, Naotoshi, 2016, Revision of Japanese species of the genus Ecnomus McLachlan (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae), with descriptions of two new species, pp. 561-571 in Zootaxa 4114 (5) on pages 568-570, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/265300, {"references":["Malicky, H. & Chantaramongkol, P. (1993) Neue Trichopteren aus Thailand. Teil 2: Rhyacophilidae, Philopotamidae, Polycentropodidae, Ecnomidae, Psychomyidae, Xiphocentronidae, Helicopsychidae, Odontoceridae (Arbeiten uber thailandische Kocherfliegen Nr. 12). Linzer Biologische Beitrage, 25, 1137 - 1187.","Li, Y. J. & Morse, J. C. (1997) Species of the genus Ecnomus (Trichoptera: Ecnomidae) from the People's Republic of China. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 123, 85 - 134.","Toda, M., Shokita, S. & Nishida, M. (2003) Ryukyu-retto no seibutsu-so no rekishiteki naritachi (Origin of flora and fauna of Ryukyu Islands). In: Nishida, M., Shikatani, N. & Shokita, S. (Eds.), The flora and fauna of inland waters in the Ryukyu Islands. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, pp. 25 - 32. [in Japanese]"]}

Ischnosoma duplicatum (Sharp, 1888) Figs 28 ���29, 50, 66. CHINA: Fujian: Wuyi Shan Nat. R., Sangan env., 900 m, 30.V.��� 12.VI. 2001, leg. P. Hlav��č & J. Cooter, 1 ex. (cSch); Hubei: Daba Shan, Pass E Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping, 31 �� 36 'N, 110 �� 21 'E, creek valley, 1950���2050 m, deciduous forest, dead wood, moss and mushrooms sifted, 19.VII. 2001, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex (cSch); Sichuan: Ya'an Prefecture, Shimian County, Xiaoxiang Ling, side valley above Nanya Cun near Caluo, 11 km S Shimian, 1250 m, 7.VII. 1999, leg. D. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but "leg. A. P��tz", 1 ex (cP��t); Ya'an Prefecture, Tianquan Co., W Erlang Shan pass, 2780 m, 29.51.27N, 102,15.47E, sifted, 21.VI. 1999, leg. A. P��tz, 1 ex. (cP��t); S-Sichuan, pass between Wupo and Jinyang, Corylus-Rhododendron-Quercus shrubs, 15.��� 21.VI. 2004, leg. R. Fabbri, 1 ex. (cSch); Xiling Shan, 1600���2400 m, litter sifted, 30.VII.��� 4.VIII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Yunnan: Yunnan, above Dali, 2700���2900 m, 14.IV. 1999, leg. W. Schawaller, 1 Ex. (SMNS); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 65 km NNE Tengchong, 1750 m, 25 �� 35 ' 20 ''N, 98 �� 40 ' 21 ''E, secondary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, scree, 27./ 31.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 33 km SE Tengchong, 2150 m, 24 �� 51 ' 22 ''N, 98 �� 45 ' 36 ''E, devastated primary forest, 28.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, W Pa��, 35 km SE Tengchong, 2100 m, 24 �� 50 ' 18 ''N, 98 �� 45 ' 43 ''E, devastated primary forest, 28.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke & D. W. Wrase, 2 exs. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, near Xiaoheishan N.R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24 �� 50 ' 16 ''N, 98 �� 45 ' 43 ''E, deciduous forest, litter sifted, 30.V. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 29 km ESE Tengchong, 24 �� 55 ' 37 ''N, 98 �� 45 '09''E, 2350 m, devastated deciduous forest, dead wood, moss and mushrooms sifted, 1.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 32 km SE Tengchong, 2150���2250 m, 24 �� 51���53 'N, 98 �� 45 'E, devastated primary and secondary forest, litter sifted, 26.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, W pass 32 km SE Tengchong, 1600 m, cleft with devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 24 �� 51 ' 11 ''N; 98 �� 44 ' 27 ''E, 28.VIII. 2009, leg. D. W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, mountains 25 km S Tengchong, 1900 m, 24 �� 48 ' 21 ''N, 98 �� 32 '05''E, cleft with devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 30.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gongshan County, Gaoligong Shan, 2500 m, 27 �� 45.404 'N, 98 �� 35.749 'E debris on snowfield during havy rain, sifted, 19.VI. 2005, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture; Diancang Shan, 5 km SSW Dali old town, creek valley above cableway, 25 �� 38.7 ' N, 100 ��06.3' E, shrubs, Bamboo, litter, moos and debris sifted, 2800 m, 26.VIII. 2003, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan, 4 km W Dali old town, E-slope, 2900���3000 m, 25 �� 41.4 ' N, 100 ��06.7' E, former quarry, 31.VIII. 2003, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan, 3 km W Dali old town, pine forest at "Cloud road", 25 �� 41.1 'N, 100 ��06.8'E, 2650���2750 m, litter from deep trenches and mushrooms sifted, 3.IX. 2003, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan W Dali, 25 �� 41 '09''N, 100 ��06' 32 ''E, 3000���3200 m, cleft in devastated mixed forest, litter and debris sifted, 27.V. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan 43 km NW Dali, 3078 m, 25 �� 59 ' 35 ''N, 99 �� 52 '06''E, W pass, Quercus, Rhododendron, Bamboo, litter sifted, 29.V. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 3 exs. (cSch); Yunnan, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan 45 km NW Dali, 2730 m, 26 ��01' 20 ''N, 99 �� 53 ' 17 ''E, creek valley, pines, ferns, litter sifted, 29.V. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 07-09], 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan, pass 43 km NW Dali, 25 �� 59 ' 33.5 ''N, 99 �� 52 ' 12.5 ''E, pasture with shrubs, litter and moss sifted, 23.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke & D. W. Wrase, 3 exs. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, 9 km SW Weishan, 2450���2500 m, 25 �� 10 ' 14 ''N, 100 �� 14 ' 22 ''E, W-slope, Quercus and Pinus, litter sifted, 13.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke and A. P��tz, 4 exs. (cSch, cP��tz); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, 9 km SW Weishan, 2480 m, 25 �� 10 ' 15.5 ''N, 100 �� 14 ' 21.8 ''E, W-slope, Quercus and Pinus, litter sifted, 14.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 3 exs. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Zhemo Shan, 7 km SW Xiaguan, 2870���2970 m, shrubs with bamboo and Rhododendron, litter sifted, 25 �� 32���33 'N, 100 �� 10���11 'E, 18.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke & D. W. Wrase, 4 exs. (cSch); Dehong Dai Autonomous Prefecture, mountain range 31 km E Luxi, 2280 m, 24 �� 29 ' 31 ''N, 98 �� 52 ' 58 ''E, secondary pine forest with single old deciduous trees, litter sifted, 3.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, D. W. Wrase & A. P��tz, 11 exs. (cSch, cP��tz); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gongshan County, Gaoligong Shan, side valley, 3000���3050 m, 27 �� 47.90 'N, 98 �� 30.19 'E, coniferous forest with Rhododendron and shrubs, litter, moss and dead wood sifted along creek valley and snowfieds, 21.VI. 2005, leg. M. Sch��lke, 8 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, valley 18 km W Gongshan, 3020 m, 27 �� 47 ' 54 ''N, 98 �� 30 ' 13 ''E, mixed forest, litter, moss and dead wood sifted, 7.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Nu Shan, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25 �� 43 ' 29 ''N, 99 ��07' 57 ''E, 2420 m, secondary pine forest with shrubs, litter and bark sifted, 11.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 3 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, side valley 19 km NW Liuku, 25 �� 59 '02''N, 98 �� 42 ' 23 ''E, 2730 m, devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 9./ 10.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 7 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, E pass 20 km NW Liuku, 3000 m, creek valley with primary forest, fern roots, litter and moss sifted, 25 �� 58 ' 49 ''N, 98 �� 41 ' 48 ''E, 3.IX. 2009, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Shanzhi, Jizu Shan, 2180���2580 m, along path to summit, mixed forest (Pinus, Quercus, Rhododendron), litter sifted, 27 �� 58 'N, 100 �� 22 'E, 22.��� 24.VI. 2007, leg. J. H��jek & J. Růžička, 1 Ex. (cSch); Pu'er Prefecture, Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24 �� 45 ' 12 ''N, 100 �� 41 ' 24.5 ''E, 2300 m, devastated forest remnant, litter and dead wood sifted, 13.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 Ex. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Bangma Shan, E pass 17 km NW Lincang, 23 �� 57 ' 31 ''N, 99 �� 56 ' 12 ''E, secondary pine forest, litter sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Bangma Shan, 33 km SSW Lincang, 2150 m, 23 �� 35 ' 41 ''N, 100 ��00' 27 ''E, deciduous forest remnant, N-slope, litter and dead wood sifted, 11.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 5 exs. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Bangma Shan, 20 km NW Lincang, 23 �� 58 ' 25 ''N, 99 �� 54 ' 36 ''E, water reservoir, devastated forest with ferns, litter and fern roots sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 3 exs. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Laobie Shan, Wei Bo Shan pass, 24 ��08' 16 ''N, 99 �� 42 ' 53 ''E, creek valley with secondary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 8.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 4 exs. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Xue Shan, 48 km N Lincang, 2070 m, 24 �� 19 '03''N, 100 ��07' 13 ''E, forest remnant, N-slope, litter sifted, 12.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Xue Shan, 11 km ENE Lincang, 2510 m, 23 �� 55 '01''N, 100 �� 11 ' 17.5 ''E, secondary pine forest with Rhododendron, 10.IX. 2009, leg. D. W. Wrase, 3 exs. (cSch); Lincang/Dali Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, old pass road, N pass, 24 �� 45 ' 16.4 ''N, 100 �� 29 ' 50.3 ''E, 2350 m, forest remnant and tea plantation, litter sifted, 16.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke, 5 exs. (cSch); N-Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gongshan Co., Gaoligong Shan, valley at 3000���3050 m, 27 �� 47.90 'N, 98 �� 30.19 'E, 21.VI. 2005, leg. A. Smetana [C 169], 2 exs. (cSme); N-Yunnan, Diqing Tibet Aut. Prefecture, Deqin Co., Meili Xue Shan, E-side, 12 km SW Deqin, 28 �� 25.30 'N, 98 �� 48.47 'E, 2890 m, 13.VI. 2005, leg. A. Smetana [C 160], 1 ex. (cSme); N-Yunnan, W slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 53.626 'N, 98 �� 24.168 'E, 2500 m, 8.VI. 2009, sifting 0 1, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 46.8 'N, 98 �� 33.1 'E, 2000���3000 m, 12.��� 15.VI. 2009, sifting 1���7, leg. V. Grebennikov, 18 exs. (CNC, cSch); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 59 '01''N, 98 �� 32 ' 56.9 ''E, 3018 m, 27.V. 2010, sifting 23, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 47 ' 22 ''N, 98 �� 32 ' 17.7 ''E, 3027 m, 24.V. 2010, sifting 20, leg. V. Grebennikov, 11 exs. (CNC, cSch); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 45 ' 40.8 ''N, 98 �� 36 '03.2''E, 2536 m, 3.VI. 2010, sifting 27, leg. V. Grebennikov, 6 exs. (CNC, cSch); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 59 ' 11.5 ''N, 98 �� 33 ' 25.3 ''E, 3086 m, 28.V. 2010, sifting 24, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 45 ' 27.1 ''N, 98 �� 35 ' 34.5 ''E, 2600 m, 2.VI. 2010, sifting 26, leg. V. Grebennikov, 11 exs. (CNC, cSch); W-Yunnan, E slope Cangshan at Dali, 25 �� 40 ' 13.2 ''N, 100 ��07' 54.8 ''E, 2728 m, sifting 0 6, 11.V. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); Dali Bai Nat. Aut. Prefecture, Diancang Shan W Dali, 25 �� 41 ' 53 ''N, 100 ��06' 45 ''E, 2860 m, pine forest, litter, moss and dead wood sifted, 28.V. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 06], 1 ex. (cP��t); Yunnan [6], NE Kunming, 25 ��08' 35 ''N, 102 �� 53 ' 49 ''E, 2320 m, mixed forest with alder, oak, and pine, litter and mushrooms sifted, 13.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Yunnan [9], mountain W Xundian, 25 �� 34 ' 58 ''N, 103 ��08' 42 ''E, 2300 m, mixed forest with alder, pine, shrub undergrowth, litter, twigs, and roots of herbs sifted, 15.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Yunnan [10], mountain NW Wuding, 25 �� 36 ' 53 ''N, 102 �� 18 ' 59 ''E, 2190 m, degraded mixed forest with alder, oak, and pine, litter, mushrooms, and dead wood sifted, 17.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss); Yunnan [12], mountain WNW Wuding, 25 �� 38 ' 45 ''N, 102 ��06' 55 ''E, 2390 m, mixed forest margin with alder and pine, litter sifted, 18.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 6 exs. (cAss); same data, but "leg. M. Sch��lke", 2 exs. (cSch); Yunnan [12 a], mountain WNW Wuding, 25 �� 38 ' 45 ''N, 102 ��06' 55 ''E, 2390 m, mixed forest margin with alder and pine, litter sifted, 1.IX. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 9 exs. (cAss); same data, but "leg. M. Sch��lke", 8 exs. (cSch); Yunnan [22], SE Pingbian, Dawei Shan, 22 �� 54 ' 31 ''N, 103 �� 41 ' 44 ''E, 2100 m, primary subtropical broad-leaved forest, litter sifted, 27.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 2 exs. (cAss); Yunnan [22 a], SE Pingbian, Dawei Shan, 22 �� 54 ' 31 ''N, 103 �� 41 ' 44 ''E, 2100 m, primary subtropical broad-leaved forest, litter sifted, 28.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Yunnan [23], mountain W Yuxi, 24 �� 27 ' 11 ''N, 102 �� 29 ' 58 ''E, 2250 m, secondary mixed forest, litter, roots, and moss sifted, 31.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Zhejiang: West Tianmu Shan N. R., path to "Peak of immortals", 30 �� 29 ' 34 ''N, 119 �� 25 ' 51 ''E, 1100���1200 m, primary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 15.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz, 1 Ex. (cSch). TAIWAN: Chiayi Hsien: Fengchifu, 12.��� 13.XI. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (cSch); Kaohsiung Hsien: Tengchih, 1400 m, 21.��� 23.VII.2000, 20.��� 22.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 4 exs. (KUM, cSch); Tengchih, 2100 m, 19.��� 23.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 5 exs. (KUM, cSch); Peinantashan trail, 2450 m, 2.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 170], 1 ex. (cSme); Road above Tona Forset station, km 16���17, 1700���1800 m, 28.IV. 1998, leg. A. Smetana [T 190], 1 ex. (cSme); Nantou Hsien: Meifeng, 2100m, 26.X. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Meifeng, 2100 m, 6.V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 9 exs. (KUM, cSch); Meimu, 1600 m, flight intercept trap, 5.��� 10.IV. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 33 exs. (KUM, cSch); Meimu, 1600 m, litter sifted, 30.III. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 4 exs. (KUM, cSch); Taichung Hsien: " 40 km 200 Logging road", 2000 m, 26.��� 27.VI. 2002, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 4 exs. (NMB, cSch); Anmashan, 2200m, 8.IV. 2002, litter, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Anmashan, 2 km, 24.��� 26.VI. 2003, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 9 exs. (MNB, cSch). Remarks. Ischnosoma duplicatum is widely distributed from the Russian Far East and Japan southwards to Thailand, Nepal, and northern India. In China (Fig. 66) its distribution seems to be confined to the southern half of the country, where the species is very common. Records from Hubei, Sichuan and Zhejiang are new province records., Published as part of Kocian, Mat���� & Sch��lke, Michael, 2016, New species and records of Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) from China, pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 4105 (3) on pages 226-228, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/271275, {"references":["Sharp, D. S. (1888) The Staphylinidae of Japan. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 2, 277 - 295, 369 - 387, 451 - 464. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938809460928"]}

Ischnosoma quadriguttatum quadriguttatum (Champion, 1923) Fig. 70. CHINA: Fujian: Kuatun [Guadun] (2300 m) [elevation wrong], 27 ° 40 'N, 117 ° 40 'E, 4.III.1938, 6.III.1938, 27.III.1938, 7.IV.1938, 24.V. 1938, leg. J. Klapperich, 5 exs. (MAKB, cSch); Kuatun [Guadun], 26.III. 1946, leg. Tschung sen., 2 exs. (NHMW); Wuji Shan Nat. Res., Sangan env., 900 m, 30.V.– 12.VI. 2001, leg. P. Hlaváč & J. Cooter, 6 exs. (cSch, cKoc); Gansu: S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qingling Shan, 34 ° 10 ' 20 ''N, 105 ° 42 ' 19 ''E, 1830 m, stream valley with secondary deciduous forest, moist litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qingling Shan, 34 ° 10 ' 17 ''N, 105 ° 42 ' 56 ''E, 1850 m, mixed secondary forest margin, litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 6 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, 33 ° 13 ' 20 ''N, 105 ° 15 ' 10 ''E, 2170 m, N-slope with shrubs and scattered coniferous trees, litter sifted, 31.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Gansu, S Longnan, Min Shan, 33 °05' 24 ''N, 104 ° 45 ' 13 ''E, 1500 m, N-slope, macchia, litter and moss sifted, 6.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 2 exs. (cAss); S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qingling Shan, 34 °08' 16 ''N, 105 ° 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); S-Gansu [CH 12 -04] W Qinling Shan, 43 km N Chengxian, 34 °08' 16 ''N, 105 ° 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 4 exs. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -04c] W Qinling Shan, 43 km N Chengxian, 34 °08' 16 ''N, 105 ° 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, S-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, litter between rocks sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 3 exs. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -05] W Qinling Shan, 47 km N Chengxian, 34 ° 10 ' 17 ''N, 105 ° 42 ' 56 ''E, 1850 m, mixed secondary forest margin, litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 3 exs. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -06] W Qinling Shan, 47 km N Chengxian, 34 ° 10 ' 20 ''N, 105 ° 42 ' 19 ''E, 1830 m, creek valley with secondary deciduous forest, moist litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12-17] Min Shan, 38 km SSW Longnan, 33 °05' 24 ''N, 104 ° 45 ' 13 ''E, 1500 m, N-slope, macchia, litter and moss sifted, 6.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -08] Mts. 38 km SE Longnan, 33 ° 11 ' 20 ''N, 105 ° 14 ' 24 ''E, 2030 m, N-slope with scree, moss, fern roots and litter sifted, 31.VII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Gansu Mts. 38 km SE Longnan, 2130 m, 33 ° 11 ' 16 ''N, 105 ° 14 ' 24 ''E W-slope with scree, scrubs and trees, litter, soil and moss sifted, 7.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [18 B], 1 ex. (cSch); Guizhou: Leishan Co., SE Kaili, NE Leishan, Leigong Shan, E-slope, 2.5 km E of pass, 26 ° 23.39 'N, 108 ° 13.33 'E, 1600 m, 23./ 24.VI. 2001, leg. H. Schillhammer [17 a], 1 ex. (NHMW); Hainan: Bawangling Nat. Forest Park, 12,3 km SE of Baotie, 19 ° 5.20 'N, 109 ° 11.80 'E, 1050 m, 8.V. 2011, sifting moist accumulation of leaf litter along stream in primary forest, leg. M. Fikáček, 1 ex. (NMP); Hubei: SE-Hubei, Mufu Shan, Jiugongshan forest park, 29.4 N, 114.6 E, 1000 m, 3./ 5./ 18.VI. 2002, leg. J. Turna, 1 ex. (NHMW); W-Hubei, Daba Shan, pass E of mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km MW Muyuping, 31 ° 30 'N, 110 ° 21 'E, creek valley, 1950–2000 m, mixed deciduous forest, moss, dead wood and mushrooms sifted, 19.VII. 2001, leg. M. Schülke [CH 01- 13 c], 2 exs. (cSch); W-Hubei, Daba Shan, creek valley 8 km NW Muyuping, 31 ° 28 'N, 110 ° 22 'E, 1540 m, edge of small creek, 18.VII. 2001, leg. D.W. Wrase, 2 exs. (cSch); same data, but "deciduous forest, sifted from moss, leg. M. Schülke [CH 01- 16 a]", 2 exs. (cSch); Shaanxi: Qinling Shan, Taibai Shan, above Houzhenzi, 1300–1700 m, 9.VI.– 3.VII. 1998, leg. P. Jäger & J. Martens, 1 ex. (SMNS); Qinling Shan, pass at road Zhouzhi–Foping, 105 km SW Xian, N-slope, 1880 m, 33 ° 44 'N, 107 ° 58 'E, 4.VII. 2001, leg. A. Smetana [C 92], 2 exs. (cSme); same data, but " 1700 m, 33 ° 46 'N, 107 ° 58 ''E, 3.VII. 2001 [C 91]", 1 ex. (cSme); same data, but " 1990 m, small creek valley, mixed deciduous forest with bamboo and small meadows, 2./ 4.VII. 2001, leg. D.W. Wrase [01]", 1 ex. (cSch); same data but: "litter, dead wood and mushrooms sifted, 2./ 4.VII. 2001, leg. M. Schülke [CH 01-01]", 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-31], Micang Shan, 40 km SW Hanzhong, 32 ° 52 ' 25 ''N, 106 ° 37 ' 11 ''E, 1530 m, N-slope, mixed secondary forest, litter and moss sifted, 16.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 4 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-30], Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong, 32 ° 44 ' 44 ''N, 106 ° 52 ' 46 ''E, 1360 m, stream valley, forest margin, litter and soil sifted, 15.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-32], Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32 ° 40 ' 43 ''N, 106 ° 48 ' 33 ''E, 1090 m, stream valley, shady S-slope, secondary mixed forest, litter, grass, and herbs along path sifted, 17.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-28] Micang Shan, 34 km S Hanzhong, 32 ° 44 ' 22 ''N, 106 ° 51 ' 55 ''E, 1460 m, W-slope, deciduous forest margin with bamboo, litter, grass, and moss sifted, 14.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan 42 km S Hanzhong, 1090 m, 32 ° 40 ' 52 ''N / 106 ° 49 ' 16 ''E, NW-slope, margin of mixed forest with rocks, litter, moss and soil sifted) 14.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [27], 1 ex. (cSch); S- Shaanxi, Micang Shan 40 km SW Hanzhong, 1530 m, 32 ° 52 ' 25 ''N / 106 ° 37 ' 11 ''E, N-slope, mixed secondary forest, litter and moss sifted, 16.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [31], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, 42 km SW Meixian, 1875 m, 34 °01' 32 ''N / 107 ° 24 ' 13 ''E, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest near creek, litter & grass sifted, 26.VII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [02A], 1 ex. (cSch); Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong, 1360 m, 32 ° 44 ' 44 ''N / 106 ° 52 ' 46 ''E, stream valley, shady brookside with bamboo/decidious shrubs, litter/moss/soil sifted, 15.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W.Wrase [30 B], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Shaanxi Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32 ° 40 ' 43 ''N, 106 ° 48 ' 33 ''E, 1090 m, stream valley, shady S-slope, secondary mixed forest, litter, grass, and herbs along path sifted, 17.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 4 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan, 34 km S Hanzhong, 32 ° 44 ' 22 ''N, 106 ° 51 ' 55 ''E, 1460 m, W-slope, deciduous forest margin with bamboo, litter, grass, and moss sifted, 14.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32 ° 40 ' 52 ''N, 106 ° 49 ' 16 ''E, 1090 m, NW-slope, mixed forest margin with rocks, litter, grass, and moss sifted, 14.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 5 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Shaanxi Micang Shan, 30 km S Hanzhong, 32 ° 45 ' 56 ''N, 106 ° 53 ' 57 ''E, 1070 m, stream valley, litter and soil sifted, 15.VIII. 2012,, leg. V. Assing, 2 exs. (cAss); Shaanxi/Chongqing: Shaanxi/Chongqing border, pass 20 km SSE Zhenping, 1700–1800 m, 31 ° 44 'N, 109 ° 35 'E, small creek valley, young mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 9./ 12.VII. 2001, leg. D.W. Wrase [07], 3 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. M. Schülke [CH 01-07], 1 ex.; same data, but "leg. A. Smetana [C 101], 1 ex. (cSme); Sichuan: Emei Shan, 29 ° 33.6 'N, 103 ° 20.6 'E, 1800–2400 m, sifting 11 –17, 27.VI.– 5.VII. 2009, leg. V. Grebennikov, 32 exs. (CNC, cSch); Emei Shan, 29 ° 32 ' 56 ''N, 103 ° 20 ' 28 ''E, 2310 m, sifting 38, 20.VI. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 2 exs. (CNC); Emei Shan, Leidongping, 2500 m, 29 ° 32 'N, 103 ° 21 'E, 18.VII. 1996, leg. A. Smetana, J. Farkač & P. Kabátek, 1 ex. (cSme); Emei Shan, Wannian, 1050 m, 19.– 30.III. 1999, leg. W. Schawaller, 1 ex. (SMNS); C-Sichuan, Wenjiang Distr., Dujiangyan County, Qingcheng Shan, 56 km NW Chengdu, 30 ° 54 'N, 103 ° 33 'E, 975 m, creek bank, forest remnant, 18.VI. 1999, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but "field ridge, leg. D.W. Wrase", 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but "leg. A. Pütz", 2 exs. (cPüt); Qingcheng Shan 65 km NW Chengdu, 37 ° 53 'N, 103 ° 53 'E, 18.V./ 3.– 4.VI. 1997, leg. A. Pütz, 4 exs. (cPüt); W- Sichuan, Ganzi Tibet. Auton. Prefecture, Luding, W Erlang Shan pass, 2600 m, 7 km SSE Luding, 29 ° 51 'N, 102 ° 15 'E, litter and mushrooms sifted, 29.VI. 1999, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but 20.– 29.VI. 1999, leg. D.W. Wrase", 1 ex. (cSch); W-Sichuan, Ya'an Prefecture, Shimian County, Daxue Shan, road between Anshunchang and Wanba, 20 km WSW Shimian, 1500 m, 9.VII.1999, 3 exs. (cPüt); same data, but " 12 km W Shimian, 1300 m ", 1 ex. (cPüt); S-Sichuan, S Xichang, Luoji Shan, 2300–2500 m, litter sifted, 16.– 24.VII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Xiling Shan, 1600–2400 m, litter sifted, 30.VII.– 4.VIII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Yunnan: SW-Yunnan, Rehai hot springs, 6 km SW Tengchong, 24 ° 57.1 'N, 98 ° 26.2 'E, 1400 m, 5.VI. 2007, sifted detrius and leaves in grove margin above hot stream, along old path, leg. J. Hájek & J. Růžička [CH 11], 1 ex. (cSch); SW-Yunnan, Gaoligong Shan, 90 km W Baoshan, 26.– 28.V. 1995, leg. S. Becvar, 1 ex. (NHMW); W-Yunnan, above Dali, 2000–2200 m, 4.– 17.IV. 1999, leg. W. Schawaller, 1 ex. (SMNS); NW-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 46.8 'N; 98 ° 33.1 'E, 2000–3000 m, sifting 1 –7, 12.– 15.VI. 2009, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); NW-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 45 ' 27.1 ''N; 98 ° 35 ' 34.5 ''E, 2600 m, sifting 26, 2.VI. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); NW-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 45 ' 40.8 ''N; 98 ° 36 '03.2''E, 2536 m, sifting 27, 3.VI. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); W-Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Aut.Pref., Nu Shan, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25 ° 43 ' 29 ''N, 99 °07' 57 ''E, 2420 m, secondary pine forest with shrubs, litter and bark sifted, 11.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke [CH 07- 30], 5 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. D.W. Wrase [30]", 2 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. A. Pütz", 2 exs. (cPüt, cKoc); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mountain range 25 km S Tengchong, 1900 m, 24 ° 48 ' 28 ''N, 98 ° 32 '03''E, devastated primary deciduous forest, litter and fungi sifted, 2.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke [CH 07- 17], 2 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. D.W. Wrase [17]", 1 ex. (cSch); W- Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Salween side valley 5 km S Fugong, road SS 228 km 223, under stones, moist embarkment, 8.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 25], 1 ex. (cPüt); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mountain range 22 km S Tengchong, 1750 m, 24 ° 49 ' 29 ''N, 98 ° 29 ' 27 ''E, secondary forest, litter and dead wood sifted, 2.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 18], 1 ex. (cPüt); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 33 km SE Tengchong, 2100–2200 m, 24 ° 51 ' 22 ''N, 98 ° 45 ' 36 ''E, deciduous forest, litter, wood and fungi sifted, 4.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 14 A], 1 ex. (cPüt); same data, but "pitfall trap, 31.V.– 4.VI. 2007, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mountain range 14 km E Tengchong, 1850 m, 25 °00' 28 ''N, 98 ° 38 '07''E, secondary mixed forest, litter sifted, 1.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 16], 1 ex. (cPüt); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 29 km ESE Tengchong, 24 ° 55 ' 37 ''N, 98 ° 45 '09''E, 2350 m, devastated deciduous forest, litter, wood and fungi sifted, 1.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 15], 4 exs. (cPüt); same data, but "leg. D.W.Wrase", 1 ex. (cSch); Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, W Pass 35 km SE Tengchong, 2100 m, 24 ° 50 ' 18 ''N, 98 ° 45 ' 43 ''E, devastated primary deciduous forest, litter, wood and mushrooms sifted, 25.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09-06], 2 exs. (cSch, cKoc); S- Yunnan, Pu'er Pref., Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24 ° 45 ' 12 ''N, 100 ° 41 ' 24.5 ''N, 2300 m, devastated forest remnant, litter and dead wood sifted, 13.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09- 48], 3 exs. (cSch); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 33 km SE Tengchong, 2150 m, 24 ° 51 ' 22 ''N, 98 ° 45 ' 36 ''E, devastated primery deciduous forest, litter, wood and mushrooms sifted, 6.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09-08], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Xue Shan, 11 km ENE Lincang, 2510 m, 23 ° 55 '01''N, 100 ° 11 ' 17.5 ''E, secondary pine forest with Rhododendron, small cleft with water, litter & mushrooms sifted, 10.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09- 39], 2 exs. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang/Dali Pref., Wuliang Shan, old pass road, N pass, 24 ° 45 ' 16.4 ''N, 100 ° 29 ' 50.3 ''E, 2350 m, forest remnant & tea plantation litter, mushrooms and grass sifted, 16.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09- 55], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Wuliang Shan, old pass road, W side, 24 ° 42 ' 58.6 ''N, 100 ° 29 '52.0''E, 2200 m, small creek valley with primary forest remnant, litter sifted, 16.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09- 47 a], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Bangma Shan, E pass, 17 km NW Lincang, 2040 m, 23 ° 57 ' 31 ''N / 99 ° 56 ' 13 ''E, secondary pine forest with ferns, litter sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. D.W.Wrase [36], 1 ex. (cSch); C-Yunnan [23], mountain W Yuxi, 24 ° 27 ' 11 ''N, 102 ° 29 ' 58 ''E, 2250 m, secondary mixed forest, litter, roots, and moss sifted, 31.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing [23], 1 ex. (cAss); C-Yunnan [6], NE Kunming, 25 °08' 35 ''N, 102 ° 53 ' 49 ''E, 2320 m, mixed forest with alder, oak, and pine, litter and mushrooms sifted, 13.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing [06], 1 ex. (cAss); C-Yunnan [5], NE Kunming, 25 °08' 40 ''N, 102 ° 53 ' 48 ''E, 2290 m, mixed deciduous forest with scattered pine trees, litter and mushrooms sifted, 11.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing [05], 1 ex. (cAss); S-Yunnan [22 / 22 a], SE Pingbian, 22 ° 54 ' 31 ''N, 103 ° 41 ' 44 ''E, 2100 m, primary subtropical broad-leaved forest, litter sifted, 27./ 28.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 14 exs. (cAss, cSch); Yunnan [2 a], mountains NE Dongchuan, 26 ° 14 ' 10 ''N, 103 ° 12 ' 31 ''E, 2670 m, scree slope with bushes and herbs, litter sifted, 9.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); N-Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gongshan County, N Gaoligong Shan, 2500m, 27 ° 45.404 'N, 98 ° 35.749 'E, litter & debries at snowfield sifted during rain, 19.VI. 2005, leg. M. Schülke [C 2005 - 12], 2 exs. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 23 km NW Jinghong, vic. Na Ban (NNNR), 22 °09.49'N, 100 ° 39.92 'E, forest EKL, 26.III. 2009, leg. L. Mengl, 1 ex. (NME); S-Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20 km NW Jinghong, near Man Dian (NNNR), pitfall trap, 22 °07.80'N, 100 ° 40.05 'E, 740 m, rubber plantation, 28.VI. 2008, leg. A. Weigel, 1 ex. (NME); Zheijiang: Tianmu Shan, pass 25 km NNW Linan, 30 ° 25 ' 40 ''N, 119 ° 35 ' 30 ''E, 620–820 m, creek valley with bamboo and mixed forest, litter sifted, 16.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 37], 5 exs. (cPüt); same data, but "leg. D.W. Wrase", 3 exs. (cSch); West Tianmu Shan N.R. way to peak of immortals, 30 ° 20 ' 34 ''N, 119 ° 25 ' 51 ''E, 1100–1200 m, primary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 15.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 36], 2 exs. (cPüt); Tianmu Shan, pass 25 km NNW Linan, 620–820 m, 30 ° 25 ' 40 ''N, 119 ° 35 ' 30 ''E, creek valley with bamboo and mixed forest, litter, sifted, 16.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke [CH 07- 37], 5 exs. (cSch); Zheijiang/Anhui: Zheijiang/Anhui border, pass W Linan, 30 ° 17 ' 59 ''N, 118 ° 52 ' 41 ''E, 625 m, walnut plantation, plant refuse and litter sifted, 19.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); TAIWAN: Ilan Hsien: 75 km, N crossing highway, 1100 m, 22.V. 2003, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 2 exs. (NMB); Shen-Mi Lake, 24 ° 22 ' 43 ''N, 121 ° 44 ' 12 ''E, 1110 m, 10.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 177], 1 ex. (cSme); Shen-Mi Lake, 24 ° 22 ' 43 ''N, 121 ° 44 ' 12 ''E, 1110 m, 9.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 175], 4 exs. (cSme, cSch); Kaohsiung Hsien, Tengchih, 1400 m, 21.– 23. VII. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 2 exs. (KUM, cSchü); Tengchih, 1400 m, 25.– 30. IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 3 exs. (KUM, cSchü); Tengchih, 2100 m, 19.– 23. IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 6 exs. (KUM, cSchü); Tengchih, 1700 m, 2.– 3. IV. 2002, litter, leg. H. Sugaya, 2 exs. (KUM); Tona Forest Station, 1050 m, 27.– 30.IV. 1998 (flight intercept trap), leg. A. Smetana & L. Robillard [T 193], 1 ex. (cSch); Road above Tona Forest Station, km 16–17, 1700–1800 m, 28.IV. 1998, leg. A. Smetana [T 190]. 2 exs. (cSme); Nantou Hsien: Meifeng, 2100 m, 6. V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 20 exs. (KUM, cSchü); Meimu, 1600 m, litter, 30. III. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 5 exs. (KUM); Tehuashe, 900 m, 4.– 5. V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Nanshanchi, 800 m, 27. X. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 2 exs. (KUM, cSchü); Meifeng, 2130 m, 4.V. 1998, leg. A. Smetana [T 199], 1 ex. (cSch); Pintung Hsien: Chialoshui, 100 m, 11. III. 2000, leg. M. Maruyama, 1 ex. (KUM); Taichung Hsien: Anmashan, 2150 m, 13.V. 1992, leg. A. Smetana [T 129], 1 ex. (cSme); Anmashan, 2225 m, 2.V. 1990, leg. A. Smetana [T 37], 1 ex (cSme); Anmashan, 2000 m, 24.– 26.VI. 2003, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 4 exs. (NMB); Chipen- Wenchuan, 400 m, 6.– 8. XI. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 3 exs. (KUM, cSchü); Chipen-Wenchuan, 400 m, 24.– 27.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 5 exs. (KUM, cSchü); Taitung Hsien: road no. 20, after Li-Tao (Lidau), km 174, 1300 m, mountain forest litter, 8.IV. 2007, leg. S. Vít, 2 exs. (cSch); W-Taitung, road no. 24, Jhihben, forest recreation area, 400 m, litter sifted, 12.IV. 2007, leg. S. Vít, 1 ex. (cSch); Taipeh: Noi Dong logging road, 850 m, 19.II. 2004, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 3 exs. (MNB); Remarks. Ischnosoma quadriguttatum is one of the most widespread species of the genus, its distribution ranging from Pakistan to Indonesia. In China the species is very common in the central and southern parts of the country (Fig. 70). Records from Fujian, Gansu, Hainan, Hubei and Shaanxi are new province records.

Ischnosoma bolitobioides (Bernhauer, 1923) Figs 39, 63. CHINA: Gansu: S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, 34 °08' 16 ''N, 105 ° 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss, cSch); Hubei: SW-Hubei, 30 km NE Hefeng, Mulinzi, 30.1 N, 110.2 E, 23.– 24.V. 2004, leg. J. Turna, 3 exs. (NHMW, cSch); W-Hubei, Muyuping S env., 31.45 'N, 110.4 °E, 1300 m, 18.V. 2004, leg. J. Turna, 1 ex. (NHMW); Shaanxi: S-Shaanxi, SW Zhouzhi, Qinling Shan, 33 ° 44 '02''N, 107 ° 58 '06''E, 1900 m, NE-slope, stream valley, mixed forest, litter and soil sifted, 25.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Qinling Shan, pass between Zhouzhi and Foping, 105 km SW Xian, N-slope, 1990 m, 33 ° 44 'N, 107 ° 59 'E, 2./ 4.VII. 2001, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi, SW Zhouzhi, Qinling Shan, 33 ° 44 '02''N, 107 ° 58 '06''E, 1900 m, 25.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); S-Shaanxi [CH 12 -01] Qinling Shan, 52 km SSW Zhouzhi, 33 ° 44 '02''N, 107 ° 58 '06''E, 1900 m, NE-slope, creek valley, mixed forest, litter and soil sifted, 25.VII. 2012, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch). Sichuan: 160 km S Chengdu, Emei Shan, 1400 m, 28.VI. 1991, leg. C. Holzschuh & Ji, 8 exs. (NHMW, cKoc); Emei Shan, 160 km SSW Chengdu, 1000–1700 m, 23.VI. 1994, leg. H. Schillhammer, 5 exs. (NHMW, cKoc); same data, but " 1530–1700 m, 22.VI. 1994, leg. C. Holzschuh", 1 ex. (NHMW); S-Sichuan, S Xichang, Luoji Shan, 2300–2500 m, litter sifted, 16.– 24.VII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Yunnan: Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gongshan, Gaoligong Shan, 2500 m, 27 ° 45.404 'N, 98 ° 35.749 'E, litter and dibris sifted at snowfield edge during heavy rain, 19.VI. 2005, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, E pass 20 km NW Liuku, 3000 m, creek valley with devastated primary forest, 25 ° 58 ' 49 ''N, 98 ° 41 ' 48 ''E, 3.IX. 2009, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, side valley, 18 km NW Liuku, 2500 m, 25 ° 58 ' 10 ''N; 98 ° 42 ' 27 ''E, devastated primary forest, 9./ 10.VI. 2007, leg. D. W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Nu Shan, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25 ° 43 ' 29 ''N, 99 °07' 57 ''E, secondary pine forest, litter and bark sifted, 11.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, creek valley 20 km NW Liuku, 3000 m, 25 ° 58 ' 49 ''N, 98 ° 41 ' 48 ''E, bamboo and litter sifted, 9.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, side valley, 19 km NW Liuku, 2730 m, 25 ° 59 '02''N, 98 ° 42 ' 23 ''E, devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 9.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan W Dali, 25 ° 41 ' 47 ''N, 100 °06' 32 ''E, 3016 m, moist escarpment, litter sifted, 28.V. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch); N-Yunnan, E-slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 59 ' 11.6 ''N, 98 ° 33 ' 25.3 ''E, 3086 m, sifting 24, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); Dali, E-slope Cangshan, 25 ° 40 ' 13.2 ''N; 100 °07' 54.8 ''E, 2728 m, sifting 0 1, 9.V. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 2 exs. (CNC); Dali, E-slope Cangshan, 25 ° 40 ' 15.1 ''N; 100 °07' 39.9 ''E, 2728 m, sifting 0 4, 2711 m, 10.V. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); Lincang Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, old pass road, W side, 24 ° 42 ' 58.6 ''N, 100 ° 29 '52.0''E, 2200 m, small creek valley with primary forest remnant, litter and debris sifted, 12.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09- 47], 1 ex. (cSch). TAIWAN: Ilan Hsien: 17 km 100 Logging road, 1650 m, flight intercept trap, 22.VII. 2003, leg. Chun Lin Li, 1 ex. (MNB); Kaohsiung Hsien: Peinantashan trail, 2500 m, 3.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 171], 1 ex. (cSme); Nantou Hsien: Meifeng, 2100m, 6.V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 4 exs. (KUM, cSch); Meifeng, 2100m, 26.X. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 3 exs. (KUM, cSch); Pingtung Hsien: Peitawushan, Kuai-Ku Hut, 2130 m, 27.IV. 1992, leg. A. Smetana [T 101], 2 exs. (cSme, cSch); Taichung Hsien: Anmashan, 2150 m, 13.V. 1992, leg. A. Smetana [T 129], 1 ex. (cSme); Taoyuan Hsien: Chianshan, 1200m, 20.XI. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Kaohsiung Hsien: Tengchih, 19.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Tengchih, 19.– 23.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 13 exs. (KUM, cSch). Remarks. Ischnosoma bolitobioides, originally described from Japan (Bernhauer, 1923) and subsequently recorded from Taiwan (Cameron, 1949), was recently recorded also from mainland China (Fujian, Sichuan) and Thailand by Kocian (2003). The records presented above suggest that the species is widely distributed in the central and southern parts of mainland China (Fig. 63). The records from Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Yunnan are new province records.

Ischnosoma duplicatum (Sharp, 1888) Figs 28 –29, 50, 66. CHINA: Fujian: Wuyi Shan Nat. R., Sangan env., 900 m, 30.V.– 12.VI. 2001, leg. P. Hlaváč & J. Cooter, 1 ex. (cSch); Hubei: Daba Shan, Pass E Da Shennongjia, 12 km NW Muyuping, 31 ° 36 'N, 110 ° 21 'E, creek valley, 1950–2050 m, deciduous forest, dead wood, moss and mushrooms sifted, 19.VII. 2001, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex (cSch); Sichuan: Ya'an Prefecture, Shimian County, Xiaoxiang Ling, side valley above Nanya Cun near Caluo, 11 km S Shimian, 1250 m, 7.VII. 1999, leg. D. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but "leg. A. Pütz", 1 ex (cPüt); Ya'an Prefecture, Tianquan Co., W Erlang Shan pass, 2780 m, 29.51.27N, 102,15.47E, sifted, 21.VI. 1999, leg. A. Pütz, 1 ex. (cPüt); S-Sichuan, pass between Wupo and Jinyang, Corylus-Rhododendron-Quercus shrubs, 15.– 21.VI. 2004, leg. R. Fabbri, 1 ex. (cSch); Xiling Shan, 1600–2400 m, litter sifted, 30.VII.– 4.VIII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Yunnan: Yunnan, above Dali, 2700–2900 m, 14.IV. 1999, leg. W. Schawaller, 1 Ex. (SMNS); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 65 km NNE Tengchong, 1750 m, 25 ° 35 ' 20 ''N, 98 ° 40 ' 21 ''E, secondary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, scree, 27./ 31.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 33 km SE Tengchong, 2150 m, 24 ° 51 ' 22 ''N, 98 ° 45 ' 36 ''E, devastated primary forest, 28.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, W Paß, 35 km SE Tengchong, 2100 m, 24 ° 50 ' 18 ''N, 98 ° 45 ' 43 ''E, devastated primary forest, 28.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke & D. W. Wrase, 2 exs. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, near Xiaoheishan N.R., 35 km SE Tengchong, 2110 m, 24 ° 50 ' 16 ''N, 98 ° 45 ' 43 ''E, deciduous forest, litter sifted, 30.V. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 29 km ESE Tengchong, 24 ° 55 ' 37 ''N, 98 ° 45 '09''E, 2350 m, devastated deciduous forest, dead wood, moss and mushrooms sifted, 1.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, 32 km SE Tengchong, 2150–2250 m, 24 ° 51–53 'N, 98 ° 45 'E, devastated primary and secondary forest, litter sifted, 26.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, W pass 32 km SE Tengchong, 1600 m, cleft with devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 24 ° 51 ' 11 ''N; 98 ° 44 ' 27 ''E, 28.VIII. 2009, leg. D. W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Baoshan Prefecture, mountains 25 km S Tengchong, 1900 m, 24 ° 48 ' 21 ''N, 98 ° 32 '05''E, cleft with devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 30.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gongshan County, Gaoligong Shan, 2500 m, 27 ° 45.404 'N, 98 ° 35.749 'E debris on snowfield during havy rain, sifted, 19.VI. 2005, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture; Diancang Shan, 5 km SSW Dali old town, creek valley above cableway, 25 ° 38.7 ' N, 100 °06.3' E, shrubs, Bamboo, litter, moos and debris sifted, 2800 m, 26.VIII. 2003, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan, 4 km W Dali old town, E-slope, 2900–3000 m, 25 ° 41.4 ' N, 100 °06.7' E, former quarry, 31.VIII. 2003, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan, 3 km W Dali old town, pine forest at "Cloud road", 25 ° 41.1 'N, 100 °06.8'E, 2650–2750 m, litter from deep trenches and mushrooms sifted, 3.IX. 2003, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan W Dali, 25 ° 41 '09''N, 100 °06' 32 ''E, 3000–3200 m, cleft in devastated mixed forest, litter and debris sifted, 27.V. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan 43 km NW Dali, 3078 m, 25 ° 59 ' 35 ''N, 99 ° 52 '06''E, W pass, Quercus, Rhododendron, Bamboo, litter sifted, 29.V. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 3 exs. (cSch); Yunnan, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan 45 km NW Dali, 2730 m, 26 °01' 20 ''N, 99 ° 53 ' 17 ''E, creek valley, pines, ferns, litter sifted, 29.V. 2007, leg. M. Schülke [CH 07-09], 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan, pass 43 km NW Dali, 25 ° 59 ' 33.5 ''N, 99 ° 52 ' 12.5 ''E, pasture with shrubs, litter and moss sifted, 23.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Schülke & D. W. Wrase, 3 exs. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, 9 km SW Weishan, 2450–2500 m, 25 ° 10 ' 14 ''N, 100 ° 14 ' 22 ''E, W-slope, Quercus and Pinus, litter sifted, 13.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke and A. Pütz, 4 exs. (cSch, cPütz); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, 9 km SW Weishan, 2480 m, 25 ° 10 ' 15.5 ''N, 100 ° 14 ' 21.8 ''E, W-slope, Quercus and Pinus, litter sifted, 14.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 3 exs. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Zhemo Shan, 7 km SW Xiaguan, 2870–2970 m, shrubs with bamboo and Rhododendron, litter sifted, 25 ° 32–33 'N, 100 ° 10–11 'E, 18.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke & D. W. Wrase, 4 exs. (cSch); Dehong Dai Autonomous Prefecture, mountain range 31 km E Luxi, 2280 m, 24 ° 29 ' 31 ''N, 98 ° 52 ' 58 ''E, secondary pine forest with single old deciduous trees, litter sifted, 3.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, D. W. Wrase & A. Pütz, 11 exs. (cSch, cPütz); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gongshan County, Gaoligong Shan, side valley, 3000–3050 m, 27 ° 47.90 'N, 98 ° 30.19 'E, coniferous forest with Rhododendron and shrubs, litter, moss and dead wood sifted along creek valley and snowfieds, 21.VI. 2005, leg. M. Schülke, 8 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, valley 18 km W Gongshan, 3020 m, 27 ° 47 ' 54 ''N, 98 ° 30 ' 13 ''E, mixed forest, litter, moss and dead wood sifted, 7.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 2 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Nu Shan, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25 ° 43 ' 29 ''N, 99 °07' 57 ''E, 2420 m, secondary pine forest with shrubs, litter and bark sifted, 11.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 3 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, side valley 19 km NW Liuku, 25 ° 59 '02''N, 98 ° 42 ' 23 ''E, 2730 m, devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 9./ 10.VI. 2007, leg. M. Schülke, 7 exs. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, E pass 20 km NW Liuku, 3000 m, creek valley with primary forest, fern roots, litter and moss sifted, 25 ° 58 ' 49 ''N, 98 ° 41 ' 48 ''E, 3.IX. 2009, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Shanzhi, Jizu Shan, 2180–2580 m, along path to summit, mixed forest (Pinus, Quercus, Rhododendron), litter sifted, 27 ° 58 'N, 100 ° 22 'E, 22.– 24.VI. 2007, leg. J. Hájek & J. Růžička, 1 Ex. (cSch); Pu'er Prefecture, Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24 ° 45 ' 12 ''N, 100 ° 41 ' 24.5 ''E, 2300 m, devastated forest remnant, litter and dead wood sifted, 13.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 1 Ex. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Bangma Shan, E pass 17 km NW Lincang, 23 ° 57 ' 31 ''N, 99 ° 56 ' 12 ''E, secondary pine forest, litter sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Bangma Shan, 33 km SSW Lincang, 2150 m, 23 ° 35 ' 41 ''N, 100 °00' 27 ''E, deciduous forest remnant, N-slope, litter and dead wood sifted, 11.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 5 exs. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Bangma Shan, 20 km NW Lincang, 23 ° 58 ' 25 ''N, 99 ° 54 ' 36 ''E, water reservoir, devastated forest with ferns, litter and fern roots sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 3 exs. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Laobie Shan, Wei Bo Shan pass, 24 °08' 16 ''N, 99 ° 42 ' 53 ''E, creek valley with secondary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 8.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 4 exs. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Xue Shan, 48 km N Lincang, 2070 m, 24 ° 19 '03''N, 100 °07' 13 ''E, forest remnant, N-slope, litter sifted, 12.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 1 ex. (cSch); Lincang Prefecture, Xue Shan, 11 km ENE Lincang, 2510 m, 23 ° 55 '01''N, 100 ° 11 ' 17.5 ''E, secondary pine forest with Rhododendron, 10.IX. 2009, leg. D. W. Wrase, 3 exs. (cSch); Lincang/Dali Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, old pass road, N pass, 24 ° 45 ' 16.4 ''N, 100 ° 29 ' 50.3 ''E, 2350 m, forest remnant and tea plantation, litter sifted, 16.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke, 5 exs. (cSch); N-Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gongshan Co., Gaoligong Shan, valley at 3000–3050 m, 27 ° 47.90 'N, 98 ° 30.19 'E, 21.VI. 2005, leg. A. Smetana [C 169], 2 exs. (cSme); N-Yunnan, Diqing Tibet Aut. Prefecture, Deqin Co., Meili Xue Shan, E-side, 12 km SW Deqin, 28 ° 25.30 'N, 98 ° 48.47 'E, 2890 m, 13.VI. 2005, leg. A. Smetana [C 160], 1 ex. (cSme); N-Yunnan, W slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 53.626 'N, 98 ° 24.168 'E, 2500 m, 8.VI. 2009, sifting 0 1, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 46.8 'N, 98 ° 33.1 'E, 2000–3000 m, 12.– 15.VI. 2009, sifting 1–7, leg. V. Grebennikov, 18 exs. (CNC, cSch); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 59 '01''N, 98 ° 32 ' 56.9 ''E, 3018 m, 27.V. 2010, sifting 23, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 47 ' 22 ''N, 98 ° 32 ' 17.7 ''E, 3027 m, 24.V. 2010, sifting 20, leg. V. Grebennikov, 11 exs. (CNC, cSch); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 45 ' 40.8 ''N, 98 ° 36 '03.2''E, 2536 m, 3.VI. 2010, sifting 27, leg. V. Grebennikov, 6 exs. (CNC, cSch); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 59 ' 11.5 ''N, 98 ° 33 ' 25.3 ''E, 3086 m, 28.V. 2010, sifting 24, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); N-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 ° 45 ' 27.1 ''N, 98 ° 35 ' 34.5 ''E, 2600 m, 2.VI. 2010, sifting 26, leg. V. Grebennikov, 11 exs. (CNC, cSch); W-Yunnan, E slope Cangshan at Dali, 25 ° 40 ' 13.2 ''N, 100 °07' 54.8 ''E, 2728 m, sifting 0 6, 11.V. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); Dali Bai Nat. Aut. Prefecture, Diancang Shan W Dali, 25 ° 41 ' 53 ''N, 100 °06' 45 ''E, 2860 m, pine forest, litter, moss and dead wood sifted, 28.V. 2007, leg. A. Pütz [CH 07- 06], 1 ex. (cPüt); Yunnan [6], NE Kunming, 25 °08' 35 ''N, 102 ° 53 ' 49 ''E, 2320 m, mixed forest with alder, oak, and pine, litter and mushrooms sifted, 13.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Yunnan [9], mountain W Xundian, 25 ° 34 ' 58 ''N, 103 °08' 42 ''E, 2300 m, mixed forest with alder, pine, shrub undergrowth, litter, twigs, and roots of herbs sifted, 15.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Yunnan [10], mountain NW Wuding, 25 ° 36 ' 53 ''N, 102 ° 18 ' 59 ''E, 2190 m, degraded mixed forest with alder, oak, and pine, litter, mushrooms, and dead wood sifted, 17.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss); Yunnan [12], mountain WNW Wuding, 25 ° 38 ' 45 ''N, 102 °06' 55 ''E, 2390 m, mixed forest margin with alder and pine, litter sifted, 18.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 6 exs. (cAss); same data, but "leg. M. Schülke", 2 exs. (cSch); Yunnan [12 a], mountain WNW Wuding, 25 ° 38 ' 45 ''N, 102 °06' 55 ''E, 2390 m, mixed forest margin with alder and pine, litter sifted, 1.IX. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 9 exs. (cAss); same data, but "leg. M. Schülke", 8 exs. (cSch); Yunnan [22], SE Pingbian, Dawei Shan, 22 ° 54 ' 31 ''N, 103 ° 41 ' 44 ''E, 2100 m, primary subtropical broad-leaved forest, litter sifted, 27.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 2 exs. (cAss); Yunnan [22 a], SE Pingbian, Dawei Shan, 22 ° 54 ' 31 ''N, 103 ° 41 ' 44 ''E, 2100 m, primary subtropical broad-leaved forest, litter sifted, 28.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Yunnan [23], mountain W Yuxi, 24 ° 27 ' 11 ''N, 102 ° 29 ' 58 ''E, 2250 m, secondary mixed forest, litter, roots, and moss sifted, 31.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Zhejiang: West Tianmu Shan N. R., path to "Peak of immortals", 30 ° 29 ' 34 ''N, 119 ° 25 ' 51 ''E, 1100–1200 m, primary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 15.VI. 2007, leg. A. Pütz, 1 Ex. (cSch). TAIWAN: Chiayi Hsien: Fengchifu, 12.– 13.XI. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (cSch); Kaohsiung Hsien: Tengchih, 1400 m, 21.– 23.VII.2000, 20.– 22.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 4 exs. (KUM, cSch); Tengchih, 2100 m, 19.– 23.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 5 exs. (KUM, cSch); Peinantashan trail, 2450 m, 2.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 170], 1 ex. (cSme); Road above Tona Forset station, km 16–17, 1700–1800 m, 28.IV. 1998, leg. A. Smetana [T 190], 1 ex. (cSme); Nantou Hsien: Meifeng, 2100m, 26.X. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Meifeng, 2100 m, 6.V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 9 exs. (KUM, cSch); Meimu, 1600 m, flight intercept trap, 5.– 10.IV. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 33 exs. (KUM, cSch); Meimu, 1600 m, litter sifted, 30.III. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 4 exs. (KUM, cSch); Taichung Hsien: " 40 km 200 Logging road", 2000 m, 26.– 27.VI. 2002, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 4 exs. (NMB, cSch); Anmashan, 2200m, 8.IV. 2002, litter, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Anmashan, 2 km, 24.– 26.VI. 2003, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 9 exs. (MNB, cSch). Remarks. Ischnosoma duplicatum is widely distributed from the Russian Far East and Japan southwards to Thailand, Nepal, and northern India. In China (Fig. 66) its distribution seems to be confined to the southern half of the country, where the species is very common. Records from Hubei, Sichuan and Zhejiang are new province records.

Ischnosoma abstrusum sp. n. Figs 19, 27, 30 –32, 52, 59. Description. Body (Fig. 27) dark brownish, head blackish, anterior margin of pronotum, humeral spot, posterior margin of elytra, posterior margins of tergites, legs, palpi and first two antennomeres brownish-yellow. Pronotum, elytra, and abdomen with distinct bluish hue. Head 0.56–0.61 mm broad; 0.56–0.59 times as broad as pronotum, slightly broader than long. Eyes big, more than twice as long as temples. Temples behind eyes parallel. Surface smooth without microsculpture. Antenna relatively fine, 1.44–1.74 mm long. Antennomere X slightly longer than broad. Pronotum 0.96–1.1 mm broad; 0.75–0.92 mm long; 1.15–1.23 times as broad as long, broadest in posterior third. Surface with very fine transverse microsculpture, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly widened posteriad; along suture 0.98–1.18 mm long; 1.17–1.26 times as broad as pronotum; 1.19–1.30 times as long as pronotum. Surface with very fine transverse microsculpture. Sutural row with 12–16 punctures, discal row with 11–17 punctures and lateral row with 12–17 punctures. Wings fully developed. Abdomen gradually tapering towards apex, sparsely puntate. Tergite VII with palisade fringe. Surface smooth with very fine microsculpture. Length of forebody 2.9 mm; total body length 5.0– 5.6 mm. Male. Sternite VII in the middle of posterior margin deeply concave, with area of very dense thin setae (Fig. 30). Sternite VIII with relatively long areas of palisade and beard-like setae forming six rows, and with median area of very dense setae (Fig. 31). Paramere and aedeagus: Fig. 32. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin adjective: hidden, secret, concealed) alludes to the impossibility to distinguish this species from it's relatives based only on habitus characters. Type material. Holotype, male: " CHINA: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Xue Shan, 48 km N Lincang, 2070 m, 24 ° 19 '03''N, 100 °07' 13 ''E, forest remnant, N-slope, litter & mushrooms sifted, 12.IX. 2009, leg. M. Schülke [CH 09- 45] / Sammlung M. Schülke, Berlin" (cSch). Paratypes (22): " CHINA: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Bangma Shan, E pass, 17 km NW Lincang, 23 ° 57 ' 31 ''N, 99 ° 56 ' 13 ''E, 2040 m, secondary pine forest, litter, dead wood & mushrooms sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. M.Schülke (CH 09- 36) / Sammlung M. Schülke, Berlin", 1 ex. (cSch); " CHINA: Yunnan (CH 07- 19) Dehong Dai Aut. Pref., mountain range 31 km E Luxi, 2280 m, 24 ° 29 ' 31 ''N, 98 ° 52 ' 58 ''E, secnd. pine forest with old decid. Trees, litter sifted, 3.VI. 2007, A. Pütz", 1 ex. (cPüt); "P.R. CHINA, Sichuan, Emei Shan, N 29 ° 33.6 ' E 103 ° 20.6 ', 27.VI.– 5.VII. 2009, 1800–2400 m, sifting 11–17, V.Grebennikov", 1 ex. (CNC); " CHINA [6]—Yunnan, NE Kunming, 25 °08' 35 ''N, 102 ° 53 ' 49 ''E, 2320 m, mixed forest sifted, 13.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 2 exs. (cAss, cKoc); " CHINA [10]—Yunnan mt. NW Wuding, mixed forest, 25 ° 36 ' 53 ''N, 102 ° 18 ' 59 ''E, 2190 m, 17.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss); " CHINA [11]—Yunnan, Wuding, Lion Mountain, 2200 m, 25 ° 31 ' 59 ''N, 102 ° 22 ' 36 ''E, sifted, 17.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss); " CHINA [9 b]—Yunnan, mt. W Xundian, 2300 m, mixed for., 25 ° 34 ' 58 ''N; 103 °08' 42 ''E, sifted, 16.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 5 exs. (cAss, cSch, cKoc); " CHINA [4]—Yunnan, NE Kunming, 25 °09'07''N, 102 ° 53 ' 46 ''E, 2280 m, sec. pine for. with alder 11.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cSch); " CHINA [5]—Yunnan, NE Kunming, 25 °08' 40 ''N, 102 ' 53 ' 48 ''E, 2290 m, mixed forest, sifted, 11.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss); " CHINA [9]—Yunnan, mt. W Xundian, 2300 m, mixed for., 25 ° 34 ' 58 ''N, 103 °08' 42 ''E, sifted, 15.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss). TAIWAN: "Tengchih (1400 m) Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 25.– 30.IV. 2001, Sugaya H. leg. (FIT) [flight intercept trap] / Ischnosoma spec. nov. det. M. Schülke 2002 ", 1 ex. (KUM); " Taiwan: Kaohsiung, Tengchih, 2100 m, 19.– 23.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya", 4 exs. (KUM, cKoc, cSch); " Taiwan: Kaohsiung, Tengchih, 1400 m, 29–30.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya", 1 ex. (KUM); " Taiwan: Nantou, Tehuashe, 900 m, 4.– 5.V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya", 1 ex. (KUM). Distribution. Widely distributed from Western Yunnan and Sichuan to Taiwan (Fig. 19). Remarks. I. abstrusum sp. n. differs from similar species of the I. pictum group by the shape of the male sternite VII (posterior margin in the middle deeply concave and bordered by a cluster of very dense modified, thin long setae. The only other species with a similarly shaped male sternite VII are I. discoidale discoidale (Sharp), I. discoidale taiwanum Kocian, and I. ruth Kocian, but these species are distinguished by smaller body size, fewer and sparser modified setae on the male sternite VII, and the different chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII.

Ischnosoma quadriguttatum quadriguttatum (Champion, 1923) Fig. 70. CHINA: Fujian: Kuatun [Guadun] (2300 m) [elevation wrong], 27 �� 40 'N, 117 �� 40 'E, 4.III.1938, 6.III.1938, 27.III.1938, 7.IV.1938, 24.V. 1938, leg. J. Klapperich, 5 exs. (MAKB, cSch); Kuatun [Guadun], 26.III. 1946, leg. Tschung sen., 2 exs. (NHMW); Wuji Shan Nat. Res., Sangan env., 900 m, 30.V.��� 12.VI. 2001, leg. P. Hlav��č & J. Cooter, 6 exs. (cSch, cKoc); Gansu: S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qingling Shan, 34 �� 10 ' 20 ''N, 105 �� 42 ' 19 ''E, 1830 m, stream valley with secondary deciduous forest, moist litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qingling Shan, 34 �� 10 ' 17 ''N, 105 �� 42 ' 56 ''E, 1850 m, mixed secondary forest margin, litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 6 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Gansu, mountains SE Longnan, 33 �� 13 ' 20 ''N, 105 �� 15 ' 10 ''E, 2170 m, N-slope with shrubs and scattered coniferous trees, litter sifted, 31.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Gansu, S Longnan, Min Shan, 33 ��05' 24 ''N, 104 �� 45 ' 13 ''E, 1500 m, N-slope, macchia, litter and moss sifted, 6.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 2 exs. (cAss); S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qingling Shan, 34 ��08' 16 ''N, 105 �� 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); S-Gansu [CH 12 -04] W Qinling Shan, 43 km N Chengxian, 34 ��08' 16 ''N, 105 �� 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 4 exs. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -04c] W Qinling Shan, 43 km N Chengxian, 34 ��08' 16 ''N, 105 �� 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, S-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, litter between rocks sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 3 exs. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -05] W Qinling Shan, 47 km N Chengxian, 34 �� 10 ' 17 ''N, 105 �� 42 ' 56 ''E, 1850 m, mixed secondary forest margin, litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 3 exs. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -06] W Qinling Shan, 47 km N Chengxian, 34 �� 10 ' 20 ''N, 105 �� 42 ' 19 ''E, 1830 m, creek valley with secondary deciduous forest, moist litter sifted, 29.VII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12-17] Min Shan, 38 km SSW Longnan, 33 ��05' 24 ''N, 104 �� 45 ' 13 ''E, 1500 m, N-slope, macchia, litter and moss sifted, 6.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Gansu [CH 12 -08] Mts. 38 km SE Longnan, 33 �� 11 ' 20 ''N, 105 �� 14 ' 24 ''E, 2030 m, N-slope with scree, moss, fern roots and litter sifted, 31.VII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Gansu Mts. 38 km SE Longnan, 2130 m, 33 �� 11 ' 16 ''N, 105 �� 14 ' 24 ''E W-slope with scree, scrubs and trees, litter, soil and moss sifted, 7.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [18 B], 1 ex. (cSch); Guizhou: Leishan Co., SE Kaili, NE Leishan, Leigong Shan, E-slope, 2.5 km E of pass, 26 �� 23.39 'N, 108 �� 13.33 'E, 1600 m, 23./ 24.VI. 2001, leg. H. Schillhammer [17 a], 1 ex. (NHMW); Hainan: Bawangling Nat. Forest Park, 12,3 km SE of Baotie, 19 �� 5.20 'N, 109 �� 11.80 'E, 1050 m, 8.V. 2011, sifting moist accumulation of leaf litter along stream in primary forest, leg. M. Fik��ček, 1 ex. (NMP); Hubei: SE-Hubei, Mufu Shan, Jiugongshan forest park, 29.4 N, 114.6 E, 1000 m, 3./ 5./ 18.VI. 2002, leg. J. Turna, 1 ex. (NHMW); W-Hubei, Daba Shan, pass E of mt. Da Shennongjia, 12 km MW Muyuping, 31 �� 30 'N, 110 �� 21 'E, creek valley, 1950���2000 m, mixed deciduous forest, moss, dead wood and mushrooms sifted, 19.VII. 2001, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 01- 13 c], 2 exs. (cSch); W-Hubei, Daba Shan, creek valley 8 km NW Muyuping, 31 �� 28 'N, 110 �� 22 'E, 1540 m, edge of small creek, 18.VII. 2001, leg. D.W. Wrase, 2 exs. (cSch); same data, but "deciduous forest, sifted from moss, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 01- 16 a]", 2 exs. (cSch); Shaanxi: Qinling Shan, Taibai Shan, above Houzhenzi, 1300���1700 m, 9.VI.��� 3.VII. 1998, leg. P. J��ger & J. Martens, 1 ex. (SMNS); Qinling Shan, pass at road Zhouzhi���Foping, 105 km SW Xian, N-slope, 1880 m, 33 �� 44 'N, 107 �� 58 'E, 4.VII. 2001, leg. A. Smetana [C 92], 2 exs. (cSme); same data, but " 1700 m, 33 �� 46 'N, 107 �� 58 ''E, 3.VII. 2001 [C 91]", 1 ex. (cSme); same data, but " 1990 m, small creek valley, mixed deciduous forest with bamboo and small meadows, 2./ 4.VII. 2001, leg. D.W. Wrase [01]", 1 ex. (cSch); same data but: "litter, dead wood and mushrooms sifted, 2./ 4.VII. 2001, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 01-01]", 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-31], Micang Shan, 40 km SW Hanzhong, 32 �� 52 ' 25 ''N, 106 �� 37 ' 11 ''E, 1530 m, N-slope, mixed secondary forest, litter and moss sifted, 16.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 4 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-30], Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong, 32 �� 44 ' 44 ''N, 106 �� 52 ' 46 ''E, 1360 m, stream valley, forest margin, litter and soil sifted, 15.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-32], Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32 �� 40 ' 43 ''N, 106 �� 48 ' 33 ''E, 1090 m, stream valley, shady S-slope, secondary mixed forest, litter, grass, and herbs along path sifted, 17.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi [CH 12-28] Micang Shan, 34 km S Hanzhong, 32 �� 44 ' 22 ''N, 106 �� 51 ' 55 ''E, 1460 m, W-slope, deciduous forest margin with bamboo, litter, grass, and moss sifted, 14.VIII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan 42 km S Hanzhong, 1090 m, 32 �� 40 ' 52 ''N / 106 �� 49 ' 16 ''E, NW-slope, margin of mixed forest with rocks, litter, moss and soil sifted) 14.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [27], 1 ex. (cSch); S- Shaanxi, Micang Shan 40 km SW Hanzhong, 1530 m, 32 �� 52 ' 25 ''N / 106 �� 37 ' 11 ''E, N-slope, mixed secondary forest, litter and moss sifted, 16.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [31], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Shaanxi, Qinling Shan, 42 km SW Meixian, 1875 m, 34 ��01' 32 ''N / 107 �� 24 ' 13 ''E, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest near creek, litter & grass sifted, 26.VII. 2012, leg. D.W. Wrase [02A], 1 ex. (cSch); Micang Shan, 33 km S Hanzhong, 1360 m, 32 �� 44 ' 44 ''N / 106 �� 52 ' 46 ''E, stream valley, shady brookside with bamboo/decidious shrubs, litter/moss/soil sifted, 15.VIII. 2012, leg. D.W.Wrase [30 B], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Shaanxi Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32 �� 40 ' 43 ''N, 106 �� 48 ' 33 ''E, 1090 m, stream valley, shady S-slope, secondary mixed forest, litter, grass, and herbs along path sifted, 17.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 4 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan, 34 km S Hanzhong, 32 �� 44 ' 22 ''N, 106 �� 51 ' 55 ''E, 1460 m, W-slope, deciduous forest margin with bamboo, litter, grass, and moss sifted, 14.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); S-Shaanxi, Micang Shan, 42 km S Hanzhong, 32 �� 40 ' 52 ''N, 106 �� 49 ' 16 ''E, 1090 m, NW-slope, mixed forest margin with rocks, litter, grass, and moss sifted, 14.VIII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 5 exs. (cAss, cSch); S-Shaanxi Micang Shan, 30 km S Hanzhong, 32 �� 45 ' 56 ''N, 106 �� 53 ' 57 ''E, 1070 m, stream valley, litter and soil sifted, 15.VIII. 2012,, leg. V. Assing, 2 exs. (cAss); Shaanxi/Chongqing: Shaanxi/Chongqing border, pass 20 km SSE Zhenping, 1700���1800 m, 31 �� 44 'N, 109 �� 35 'E, small creek valley, young mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 9./ 12.VII. 2001, leg. D.W. Wrase [07], 3 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 01-07], 1 ex.; same data, but "leg. A. Smetana [C 101], 1 ex. (cSme); Sichuan: Emei Shan, 29 �� 33.6 'N, 103 �� 20.6 'E, 1800���2400 m, sifting 11 ���17, 27.VI.��� 5.VII. 2009, leg. V. Grebennikov, 32 exs. (CNC, cSch); Emei Shan, 29 �� 32 ' 56 ''N, 103 �� 20 ' 28 ''E, 2310 m, sifting 38, 20.VI. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 2 exs. (CNC); Emei Shan, Leidongping, 2500 m, 29 �� 32 'N, 103 �� 21 'E, 18.VII. 1996, leg. A. Smetana, J. Farkač & P. Kab��tek, 1 ex. (cSme); Emei Shan, Wannian, 1050 m, 19.��� 30.III. 1999, leg. W. Schawaller, 1 ex. (SMNS); C-Sichuan, Wenjiang Distr., Dujiangyan County, Qingcheng Shan, 56 km NW Chengdu, 30 �� 54 'N, 103 �� 33 'E, 975 m, creek bank, forest remnant, 18.VI. 1999, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but "field ridge, leg. D.W. Wrase", 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but "leg. A. P��tz", 2 exs. (cP��t); Qingcheng Shan 65 km NW Chengdu, 37 �� 53 'N, 103 �� 53 'E, 18.V./ 3.��� 4.VI. 1997, leg. A. P��tz, 4 exs. (cP��t); W- Sichuan, Ganzi Tibet. Auton. Prefecture, Luding, W Erlang Shan pass, 2600 m, 7 km SSE Luding, 29 �� 51 'N, 102 �� 15 'E, litter and mushrooms sifted, 29.VI. 1999, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); same data, but 20.��� 29.VI. 1999, leg. D.W. Wrase", 1 ex. (cSch); W-Sichuan, Ya'an Prefecture, Shimian County, Daxue Shan, road between Anshunchang and Wanba, 20 km WSW Shimian, 1500 m, 9.VII.1999, 3 exs. (cP��t); same data, but " 12 km W Shimian, 1300 m ", 1 ex. (cP��t); S-Sichuan, S Xichang, Luoji Shan, 2300���2500 m, litter sifted, 16.��� 24.VII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Xiling Shan, 1600���2400 m, litter sifted, 30.VII.��� 4.VIII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Yunnan: SW-Yunnan, Rehai hot springs, 6 km SW Tengchong, 24 �� 57.1 'N, 98 �� 26.2 'E, 1400 m, 5.VI. 2007, sifted detrius and leaves in grove margin above hot stream, along old path, leg. J. H��jek & J. Růžička [CH 11], 1 ex. (cSch); SW-Yunnan, Gaoligong Shan, 90 km W Baoshan, 26.��� 28.V. 1995, leg. S. Becvar, 1 ex. (NHMW); W-Yunnan, above Dali, 2000���2200 m, 4.��� 17.IV. 1999, leg. W. Schawaller, 1 ex. (SMNS); NW-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 46.8 'N; 98 �� 33.1 'E, 2000���3000 m, sifting 1 ���7, 12.��� 15.VI. 2009, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); NW-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 45 ' 27.1 ''N; 98 �� 35 ' 34.5 ''E, 2600 m, sifting 26, 2.VI. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 3 exs. (CNC); NW-Yunnan, E slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 45 ' 40.8 ''N; 98 �� 36 '03.2''E, 2536 m, sifting 27, 3.VI. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); W-Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Aut.Pref., Nu Shan, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25 �� 43 ' 29 ''N, 99 ��07' 57 ''E, 2420 m, secondary pine forest with shrubs, litter and bark sifted, 11.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 07- 30], 5 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. D.W. Wrase [30]", 2 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. A. P��tz", 2 exs. (cP��t, cKoc); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mountain range 25 km S Tengchong, 1900 m, 24 �� 48 ' 28 ''N, 98 �� 32 '03''E, devastated primary deciduous forest, litter and fungi sifted, 2.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 07- 17], 2 exs. (cSch); same data, but "leg. D.W. Wrase [17]", 1 ex. (cSch); W- Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Aut. Pref., Salween side valley 5 km S Fugong, road SS 228 km 223, under stones, moist embarkment, 8.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 25], 1 ex. (cP��t); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mountain range 22 km S Tengchong, 1750 m, 24 �� 49 ' 29 ''N, 98 �� 29 ' 27 ''E, secondary forest, litter and dead wood sifted, 2.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 18], 1 ex. (cP��t); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 33 km SE Tengchong, 2100���2200 m, 24 �� 51 ' 22 ''N, 98 �� 45 ' 36 ''E, deciduous forest, litter, wood and fungi sifted, 4.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 14 A], 1 ex. (cP��t); same data, but "pitfall trap, 31.V.��� 4.VI. 2007, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., mountain range 14 km E Tengchong, 1850 m, 25 ��00' 28 ''N, 98 �� 38 '07''E, secondary mixed forest, litter sifted, 1.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 16], 1 ex. (cP��t); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 29 km ESE Tengchong, 24 �� 55 ' 37 ''N, 98 �� 45 '09''E, 2350 m, devastated deciduous forest, litter, wood and fungi sifted, 1.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 15], 4 exs. (cP��t); same data, but "leg. D.W.Wrase", 1 ex. (cSch); Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, W Pass 35 km SE Tengchong, 2100 m, 24 �� 50 ' 18 ''N, 98 �� 45 ' 43 ''E, devastated primary deciduous forest, litter, wood and mushrooms sifted, 25.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09-06], 2 exs. (cSch, cKoc); S- Yunnan, Pu'er Pref., Ailao Shan, 37 km NW Jingdong, 24 �� 45 ' 12 ''N, 100 �� 41 ' 24.5 ''N, 2300 m, devastated forest remnant, litter and dead wood sifted, 13.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09- 48], 3 exs. (cSch); W-Yunnan, Baoshan Pref., Gaoligong Shan, 33 km SE Tengchong, 2150 m, 24 �� 51 ' 22 ''N, 98 �� 45 ' 36 ''E, devastated primery deciduous forest, litter, wood and mushrooms sifted, 6.VIII. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09-08], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Xue Shan, 11 km ENE Lincang, 2510 m, 23 �� 55 '01''N, 100 �� 11 ' 17.5 ''E, secondary pine forest with Rhododendron, small cleft with water, litter & mushrooms sifted, 10.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09- 39], 2 exs. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang/Dali Pref., Wuliang Shan, old pass road, N pass, 24 �� 45 ' 16.4 ''N, 100 �� 29 ' 50.3 ''E, 2350 m, forest remnant & tea plantation litter, mushrooms and grass sifted, 16.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09- 55], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Wuliang Shan, old pass road, W side, 24 �� 42 ' 58.6 ''N, 100 �� 29 '52.0''E, 2200 m, small creek valley with primary forest remnant, litter sifted, 16.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09- 47 a], 1 ex. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Bangma Shan, E pass, 17 km NW Lincang, 2040 m, 23 �� 57 ' 31 ''N / 99 �� 56 ' 13 ''E, secondary pine forest with ferns, litter sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. D.W.Wrase [36], 1 ex. (cSch); C-Yunnan [23], mountain W Yuxi, 24 �� 27 ' 11 ''N, 102 �� 29 ' 58 ''E, 2250 m, secondary mixed forest, litter, roots, and moss sifted, 31.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing [23], 1 ex. (cAss); C-Yunnan [6], NE Kunming, 25 ��08' 35 ''N, 102 �� 53 ' 49 ''E, 2320 m, mixed forest with alder, oak, and pine, litter and mushrooms sifted, 13.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing [06], 1 ex. (cAss); C-Yunnan [5], NE Kunming, 25 ��08' 40 ''N, 102 �� 53 ' 48 ''E, 2290 m, mixed deciduous forest with scattered pine trees, litter and mushrooms sifted, 11.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing [05], 1 ex. (cAss); S-Yunnan [22 / 22 a], SE Pingbian, 22 �� 54 ' 31 ''N, 103 �� 41 ' 44 ''E, 2100 m, primary subtropical broad-leaved forest, litter sifted, 27./ 28.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 14 exs. (cAss, cSch); Yunnan [2 a], mountains NE Dongchuan, 26 �� 14 ' 10 ''N, 103 �� 12 ' 31 ''E, 2670 m, scree slope with bushes and herbs, litter sifted, 9.VIII. 2014, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); N-Yunnan, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, Gongshan County, N Gaoligong Shan, 2500m, 27 �� 45.404 'N, 98 �� 35.749 'E, litter & debries at snowfield sifted during rain, 19.VI. 2005, leg. M. Sch��lke [C 2005 - 12], 2 exs. (cSch); S-Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 23 km NW Jinghong, vic. Na Ban (NNNR), 22 ��09.49'N, 100 �� 39.92 'E, forest EKL, 26.III. 2009, leg. L. Mengl, 1 ex. (NME); S-Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, 20 km NW Jinghong, near Man Dian (NNNR), pitfall trap, 22 ��07.80'N, 100 �� 40.05 'E, 740 m, rubber plantation, 28.VI. 2008, leg. A. Weigel, 1 ex. (NME); Zheijiang: Tianmu Shan, pass 25 km NNW Linan, 30 �� 25 ' 40 ''N, 119 �� 35 ' 30 ''E, 620���820 m, creek valley with bamboo and mixed forest, litter sifted, 16.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 37], 5 exs. (cP��t); same data, but "leg. D.W. Wrase", 3 exs. (cSch); West Tianmu Shan N.R. way to peak of immortals, 30 �� 20 ' 34 ''N, 119 �� 25 ' 51 ''E, 1100���1200 m, primary mixed forest, litter and moss sifted, 15.VI. 2007, leg. A. P��tz [CH 07- 36], 2 exs. (cP��t); Tianmu Shan, pass 25 km NNW Linan, 620���820 m, 30 �� 25 ' 40 ''N, 119 �� 35 ' 30 ''E, creek valley with bamboo and mixed forest, litter, sifted, 16.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 07- 37], 5 exs. (cSch); Zheijiang/Anhui: Zheijiang/Anhui border, pass W Linan, 30 �� 17 ' 59 ''N, 118 �� 52 ' 41 ''E, 625 m, walnut plantation, plant refuse and litter sifted, 19.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); TAIWAN: Ilan Hsien: 75 km, N crossing highway, 1100 m, 22.V. 2003, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 2 exs. (NMB); Shen-Mi Lake, 24 �� 22 ' 43 ''N, 121 �� 44 ' 12 ''E, 1110 m, 10.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 177], 1 ex. (cSme); Shen-Mi Lake, 24 �� 22 ' 43 ''N, 121 �� 44 ' 12 ''E, 1110 m, 9.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 175], 4 exs. (cSme, cSch); Kaohsiung Hsien, Tengchih, 1400 m, 21.��� 23. VII. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 2 exs. (KUM, cSch��); Tengchih, 1400 m, 25.��� 30. IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 3 exs. (KUM, cSch��); Tengchih, 2100 m, 19.��� 23. IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 6 exs. (KUM, cSch��); Tengchih, 1700 m, 2.��� 3. IV. 2002, litter, leg. H. Sugaya, 2 exs. (KUM); Tona Forest Station, 1050 m, 27.��� 30.IV. 1998 (flight intercept trap), leg. A. Smetana & L. Robillard [T 193], 1 ex. (cSch); Road above Tona Forest Station, km 16���17, 1700���1800 m, 28.IV. 1998, leg. A. Smetana [T 190]. 2 exs. (cSme); Nantou Hsien: Meifeng, 2100 m, 6. V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 20 exs. (KUM, cSch��); Meimu, 1600 m, litter, 30. III. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 5 exs. (KUM); Tehuashe, 900 m, 4.��� 5. V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Nanshanchi, 800 m, 27. X. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 2 exs. (KUM, cSch��); Meifeng, 2130 m, 4.V. 1998, leg. A. Smetana [T 199], 1 ex. (cSch); Pintung Hsien: Chialoshui, 100 m, 11. III. 2000, leg. M. Maruyama, 1 ex. (KUM); Taichung Hsien: Anmashan, 2150 m, 13.V. 1992, leg. A. Smetana [T 129], 1 ex. (cSme); Anmashan, 2225 m, 2.V. 1990, leg. A. Smetana [T 37], 1 ex (cSme); Anmashan, 2000 m, 24.��� 26.VI. 2003, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 4 exs. (NMB); Chipen- Wenchuan, 400 m, 6.��� 8. XI. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 3 exs. (KUM, cSch��); Chipen-Wenchuan, 400 m, 24.��� 27.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 5 exs. (KUM, cSch��); Taitung Hsien: road no. 20, after Li-Tao (Lidau), km 174, 1300 m, mountain forest litter, 8.IV. 2007, leg. S. V��t, 2 exs. (cSch); W-Taitung, road no. 24, Jhihben, forest recreation area, 400 m, litter sifted, 12.IV. 2007, leg. S. V��t, 1 ex. (cSch); Taipeh: Noi Dong logging road, 850 m, 19.II. 2004, flight intercept trap, leg. Chun Lin Li, 3 exs. (MNB); Remarks. Ischnosoma quadriguttatum is one of the most widespread species of the genus, its distribution ranging from Pakistan to Indonesia. In China the species is very common in the central and southern parts of the country (Fig. 70). Records from Fujian, Gansu, Hainan, Hubei and Shaanxi are new province records., Published as part of Kocian, Mat���� & Sch��lke, Michael, 2016, New species and records of Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) from China, pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 4105 (3) on pages 233-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/271275, {"references":["Champion, G. C. (1923) Some Indian Coleoptera (10). The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 59, 43 - 53, 77 - 80."]}

Ischnosoma abstrusum sp. n. Figs 19, 27, 30 ���32, 52, 59. Description. Body (Fig. 27) dark brownish, head blackish, anterior margin of pronotum, humeral spot, posterior margin of elytra, posterior margins of tergites, legs, palpi and first two antennomeres brownish-yellow. Pronotum, elytra, and abdomen with distinct bluish hue. Head 0.56���0.61 mm broad; 0.56���0.59 times as broad as pronotum, slightly broader than long. Eyes big, more than twice as long as temples. Temples behind eyes parallel. Surface smooth without microsculpture. Antenna relatively fine, 1.44���1.74 mm long. Antennomere X slightly longer than broad. Pronotum 0.96���1.1 mm broad; 0.75���0.92 mm long; 1.15���1.23 times as broad as long, broadest in posterior third. Surface with very fine transverse microsculpture, finely and sparsely punctate. Elytra slightly widened posteriad; along suture 0.98���1.18 mm long; 1.17���1.26 times as broad as pronotum; 1.19���1.30 times as long as pronotum. Surface with very fine transverse microsculpture. Sutural row with 12���16 punctures, discal row with 11���17 punctures and lateral row with 12���17 punctures. Wings fully developed. Abdomen gradually tapering towards apex, sparsely puntate. Tergite VII with palisade fringe. Surface smooth with very fine microsculpture. Length of forebody 2.9 mm; total body length 5.0��� 5.6 mm. Male. Sternite VII in the middle of posterior margin deeply concave, with area of very dense thin setae (Fig. 30). Sternite VIII with relatively long areas of palisade and beard-like setae forming six rows, and with median area of very dense setae (Fig. 31). Paramere and aedeagus: Fig. 32. Etymology. The specific epithet (Latin adjective: hidden, secret, concealed) alludes to the impossibility to distinguish this species from it's relatives based only on habitus characters. Type material. Holotype, male: " CHINA: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Xue Shan, 48 km N Lincang, 2070 m, 24 �� 19 '03''N, 100 ��07' 13 ''E, forest remnant, N-slope, litter & mushrooms sifted, 12.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09- 45] / Sammlung M. Sch��lke, Berlin" (cSch). Paratypes (22): " CHINA: Yunnan, Lincang Pref., Bangma Shan, E pass, 17 km NW Lincang, 23 �� 57 ' 31 ''N, 99 �� 56 ' 13 ''E, 2040 m, secondary pine forest, litter, dead wood & mushrooms sifted, 9.IX. 2009, leg. M.Sch��lke (CH 09- 36) / Sammlung M. Sch��lke, Berlin", 1 ex. (cSch); " CHINA: Yunnan (CH 07- 19) Dehong Dai Aut. Pref., mountain range 31 km E Luxi, 2280 m, 24 �� 29 ' 31 ''N, 98 �� 52 ' 58 ''E, secnd. pine forest with old decid. Trees, litter sifted, 3.VI. 2007, A. P��tz", 1 ex. (cP��t); "P.R. CHINA, Sichuan, Emei Shan, N 29 �� 33.6 ' E 103 �� 20.6 ', 27.VI.��� 5.VII. 2009, 1800���2400 m, sifting 11���17, V.Grebennikov", 1 ex. (CNC); " CHINA [6]���Yunnan, NE Kunming, 25 ��08' 35 ''N, 102 �� 53 ' 49 ''E, 2320 m, mixed forest sifted, 13.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 2 exs. (cAss, cKoc); " CHINA [10]���Yunnan mt. NW Wuding, mixed forest, 25 �� 36 ' 53 ''N, 102 �� 18 ' 59 ''E, 2190 m, 17.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss); " CHINA [11]���Yunnan, Wuding, Lion Mountain, 2200 m, 25 �� 31 ' 59 ''N, 102 �� 22 ' 36 ''E, sifted, 17.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss); " CHINA [9 b]���Yunnan, mt. W Xundian, 2300 m, mixed for., 25 �� 34 ' 58 ''N; 103 ��08' 42 ''E, sifted, 16.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 5 exs. (cAss, cSch, cKoc); " CHINA [4]���Yunnan, NE Kunming, 25 ��09'07''N, 102 �� 53 ' 46 ''E, 2280 m, sec. pine for. with alder 11.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cSch); " CHINA [5]���Yunnan, NE Kunming, 25 ��08' 40 ''N, 102 ' 53 ' 48 ''E, 2290 m, mixed forest, sifted, 11.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss); " CHINA [9]���Yunnan, mt. W Xundian, 2300 m, mixed for., 25 �� 34 ' 58 ''N, 103 ��08' 42 ''E, sifted, 15.VIII. 2014, V. Assing", 1 ex. (cAss). TAIWAN: "Tengchih (1400 m) Kaohsiung, Taiwan, 25.��� 30.IV. 2001, Sugaya H. leg. (FIT) [flight intercept trap] / Ischnosoma spec. nov. det. M. Sch��lke 2002 ", 1 ex. (KUM); " Taiwan: Kaohsiung, Tengchih, 2100 m, 19.��� 23.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya", 4 exs. (KUM, cKoc, cSch); " Taiwan: Kaohsiung, Tengchih, 1400 m, 29���30.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya", 1 ex. (KUM); " Taiwan: Nantou, Tehuashe, 900 m, 4.��� 5.V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya", 1 ex. (KUM). Distribution. Widely distributed from Western Yunnan and Sichuan to Taiwan (Fig. 19). Remarks. I. abstrusum sp. n. differs from similar species of the I. pictum group by the shape of the male sternite VII (posterior margin in the middle deeply concave and bordered by a cluster of very dense modified, thin long setae. The only other species with a similarly shaped male sternite VII are I. discoidale discoidale (Sharp), I. discoidale taiwanum Kocian, and I. ruth Kocian, but these species are distinguished by smaller body size, fewer and sparser modified setae on the male sternite VII, and the different chaetotaxy of the male sternite VIII., Published as part of Kocian, Mat���� & Sch��lke, Michael, 2016, New species and records of Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) from China, pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 4105 (3) on pages 214-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/271275

Ischnosoma bolitobioides (Bernhauer, 1923) Figs 39, 63. CHINA: Gansu: S-Gansu, N Chengxian, W-Qinling Shan, 34 ��08' 16 ''N, 105 �� 46 ' 42 ''E, 1760 m, N-slope, secondary deciduous forest margin, sifted, 28.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 3 exs. (cAss, cSch); Hubei: SW-Hubei, 30 km NE Hefeng, Mulinzi, 30.1 N, 110.2 E, 23.��� 24.V. 2004, leg. J. Turna, 3 exs. (NHMW, cSch); W-Hubei, Muyuping S env., 31.45 'N, 110.4 ��E, 1300 m, 18.V. 2004, leg. J. Turna, 1 ex. (NHMW); Shaanxi: S-Shaanxi, SW Zhouzhi, Qinling Shan, 33 �� 44 '02''N, 107 �� 58 '06''E, 1900 m, NE-slope, stream valley, mixed forest, litter and soil sifted, 25.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); Qinling Shan, pass between Zhouzhi and Foping, 105 km SW Xian, N-slope, 1990 m, 33 �� 44 'N, 107 �� 59 'E, 2./ 4.VII. 2001, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch); S-Shaanxi, SW Zhouzhi, Qinling Shan, 33 �� 44 '02''N, 107 �� 58 '06''E, 1900 m, 25.VII. 2012, leg. V. Assing, 1 ex. (cAss); S-Shaanxi [CH 12 -01] Qinling Shan, 52 km SSW Zhouzhi, 33 �� 44 '02''N, 107 �� 58 '06''E, 1900 m, NE-slope, creek valley, mixed forest, litter and soil sifted, 25.VII. 2012, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch). Sichuan: 160 km S Chengdu, Emei Shan, 1400 m, 28.VI. 1991, leg. C. Holzschuh & Ji, 8 exs. (NHMW, cKoc); Emei Shan, 160 km SSW Chengdu, 1000���1700 m, 23.VI. 1994, leg. H. Schillhammer, 5 exs. (NHMW, cKoc); same data, but " 1530���1700 m, 22.VI. 1994, leg. C. Holzschuh", 1 ex. (NHMW); S-Sichuan, S Xichang, Luoji Shan, 2300���2500 m, litter sifted, 16.��� 24.VII. 1996, leg. S. Kurbatov, 1 ex. (MHNG); Yunnan: Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gongshan, Gaoligong Shan, 2500 m, 27 �� 45.404 'N, 98 �� 35.749 'E, litter and dibris sifted at snowfield edge during heavy rain, 19.VI. 2005, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, E pass 20 km NW Liuku, 3000 m, creek valley with devastated primary forest, 25 �� 58 ' 49 ''N, 98 �� 41 ' 48 ''E, 3.IX. 2009, leg. D.W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, side valley, 18 km NW Liuku, 2500 m, 25 �� 58 ' 10 ''N; 98 �� 42 ' 27 ''E, devastated primary forest, 9./ 10.VI. 2007, leg. D. W. Wrase, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Nu Shan, 7 km NNW Coajian, 25 �� 43 ' 29 ''N, 99 ��07' 57 ''E, secondary pine forest, litter and bark sifted, 11.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, creek valley 20 km NW Liuku, 3000 m, 25 �� 58 ' 49 ''N, 98 �� 41 ' 48 ''E, bamboo and litter sifted, 9.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Nujiang Lisu Aut. Prefecture, Gaoligong Shan, side valley, 19 km NW Liuku, 2730 m, 25 �� 59 '02''N, 98 �� 42 ' 23 ''E, devastated primary forest, litter sifted, 9.VI. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 1 ex. (cSch); Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Diancang Shan W Dali, 25 �� 41 ' 47 ''N, 100 ��06' 32 ''E, 3016 m, moist escarpment, litter sifted, 28.V. 2007, leg. M. Sch��lke, 2 exs. (cSch); N-Yunnan, E-slope N Gaoligong Shan, 27 �� 59 ' 11.6 ''N, 98 �� 33 ' 25.3 ''E, 3086 m, sifting 24, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); Dali, E-slope Cangshan, 25 �� 40 ' 13.2 ''N; 100 ��07' 54.8 ''E, 2728 m, sifting 0 1, 9.V. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 2 exs. (CNC); Dali, E-slope Cangshan, 25 �� 40 ' 15.1 ''N; 100 ��07' 39.9 ''E, 2728 m, sifting 0 4, 2711 m, 10.V. 2010, leg. V. Grebennikov, 1 ex. (CNC); Lincang Prefecture, Wuliang Shan, old pass road, W side, 24 �� 42 ' 58.6 ''N, 100 �� 29 '52.0''E, 2200 m, small creek valley with primary forest remnant, litter and debris sifted, 12.IX. 2009, leg. M. Sch��lke [CH 09- 47], 1 ex. (cSch). TAIWAN: Ilan Hsien: 17 km 100 Logging road, 1650 m, flight intercept trap, 22.VII. 2003, leg. Chun Lin Li, 1 ex. (MNB); Kaohsiung Hsien: Peinantashan trail, 2500 m, 3.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 171], 1 ex. (cSme); Nantou Hsien: Meifeng, 2100m, 6.V. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 4 exs. (KUM, cSch); Meifeng, 2100m, 26.X. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 3 exs. (KUM, cSch); Pingtung Hsien: Peitawushan, Kuai-Ku Hut, 2130 m, 27.IV. 1992, leg. A. Smetana [T 101], 2 exs. (cSme, cSch); Taichung Hsien: Anmashan, 2150 m, 13.V. 1992, leg. A. Smetana [T 129], 1 ex. (cSme); Taoyuan Hsien: Chianshan, 1200m, 20.XI. 2000, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Kaohsiung Hsien: Tengchih, 19.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 1 ex. (KUM); Tengchih, 19.��� 23.IV. 2001, leg. H. Sugaya, 13 exs. (KUM, cSch). Remarks. Ischnosoma bolitobioides, originally described from Japan (Bernhauer, 1923) and subsequently recorded from Taiwan (Cameron, 1949), was recently recorded also from mainland China (Fujian, Sichuan) and Thailand by Kocian (2003). The records presented above suggest that the species is widely distributed in the central and southern parts of mainland China (Fig. 63). The records from Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Yunnan are new province records., Published as part of Kocian, Mat���� & Sch��lke, Michael, 2016, New species and records of Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) from China, pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 4105 (3) on pages 223-224, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/271275, {"references":["Bernhauer, M. (1923 \" 1922 \") Neue Staphyliniden der palaearktischen Fauna. Koleopterologische Rundschau, 10, 122 - 128.","Cameron, M. (1949) New species and records of staphylinid beetles from Formosa, Japan, and South China. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 99, 455 - 477. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.3247.455","Kocian, M. (2003) Monograph of the world species of the genus Ischnosoma (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica, 47, 3 - 151."]}

Platysodes formosanus Kobayashi, 1990 (Figs. 9–12, 25, 28) New material examined ( 1♁, 2♀♀ ). CHINA: Guangdong: 1♀ (MYNU), 2011.V.18, Longyangdong Park, Guang-zhou, Ling-Ting Chen leg. Taiwan: 1♀ (CKSJ), Fushan, Taipei Hsien, 2000.VII.11, H. Sugaya leg. // Platysodes formosanus H. Kobayashi, 1990, det. K. Sakai, 2013; 1♁ (CKSJ), 2008.XI.7, Shihtyutou, Nantou, C. C. Lo leg. // Platysodes formosanus H. Kobayashi, 1989, det. K. Sakai, 2013. Distribution. China: Guangdong (new record), Taiwan. Remarks. Platysodes formosanus is extremely similar to P. jansoni and the parameres of both also show no differences (Figs. 12, 17), and that resulted in Qiu et al. (2015) presumed them as the same species. Traditionally, the former is characterized by elytron bearing one tomentose macula and restricted to Taiwan Island (Kobayashi 1990; Qiu et al. 2015), while the latter is totally black and distributed in eastern India and Indochina (Arrow 1910; Qiu et al. 2015). However, we recently obtained a female whose appearance perfectly matches the characteristics of P. formosanus (Fig. 9), but it originated from Guangzhou (Guangdong, China) where located on the southeastern edge of the Asian continent and between the Indochinese Peninsula and Taiwan Island (Fig. 28). Furthermore, an individual of P. formosanus bearing an indistinct macula on elytron (nearly disappeared) was found from Taiwan (Fig. 25), and a female of P. jansoni with two maculae was discovered from Vietnam (Fig. 13). The two specimens have here verified the prediction proposed by Qiu et al. (2015) that the variability of tomentose maculae on elytron can be observed in a species of wide distribution. Therefore, neither endemism of P. formosanus nor morphological differences between the two species are well established, but we would like to formally propose the synonymy when sufficient material got rather than synonymize them at present., Published as part of Qiu, Jian-Yue & Xu, Hao, 2020, Further notes on the flower chafer genus Platysodes Westwood, 1873 (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with description of a new species from Himalaya, pp. 192-200 in Zootaxa 4890 (2) on page 195, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4890.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4301815, {"references":["Kobayashi, H. (1990) Four new scarabaeid beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) from Taiwan. Elytra, 18, 73 - 81.","Qiu, J. Y., Xu, H. & Chen, L. (2015) Review of the Oriental genus Platysodes Westwood (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Cremastocheilini) with a redescription of Platysodes madoni Bourgoin. Zootaxa, 4021 (4), 553 - 564. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4021.4.5","Arrow, G. J. (1910) The Fauna of British India (Including Ceylon and Burma). Lamellicornia I (Cetoniinae and Dynastinae). Taylor & Francis, London, 322 pp."]}

Löbl, Ivan (2020): Four new Taiwanese species of Scaphobaeocera CSIKI (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 52 (1): 327-335, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5272840, {"references":["HAMMOND P.M. & J.F. LAWRENCE (1989): Appendix: Mycophagy in insects: a Summary. Pp. 275-324. - In: WILDING N., COLLINS N.M., HAMMOND P.M. & J.F. WEBER (eds), Insectfungus interactions, 14th Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London in collaboration with the British Mycological Society. Academic Press, London, San Diego, xvi + 344 pp.","HOSHINA H. (2008): New records of the genus Scaphobaeocera (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae) from Yaeyama Group, the Ryukyus, Japan, with description of a new species. - Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 14 (2): 141-144.","HOSHINA H. & H. SUGAYA (2003): New records of the genera Scaphobaeocera and Scaphoxium (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Ryukyus, Japan, with descriptions of two new species. - Entomological Review of Japan 58: 35-41.","LOBL I. (1980): Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Scaphidiidae (Coleoptera) Taiwans. - Revue suisse de Zoologie 87: 91-123.","LOBL I. (1981): Uber die japanische Arten der Gattungen Scaphobaeocera CSIKI und Scaphoxium LOBL (Col., Scaphidiidae). - Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft 54: 229-244.","LOBL I. (1999): A review of the Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of the People's Republic of China, I. - Revue suisse de Zoologie 106: 691-744.","LOBL I. (2003): A supplement to the knowledge of the Scaphidiines of China (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Mitteilungen der Munchner entomologischen Gesellschaft 93: 61-76.","LOBL I. (2011a): Notes on some Taiwanese Scaphidiinae (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) described by Miwa and Mitono, with description of a new species and new records. - Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 17: 199-207.","LOBL I. (2011b): On the Scaphisomatini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae) of the Philippines, II. - Revue suisse de Zoologie 118: 695-721.","LOBL I. (2018a): On the Chinese species of Scaphobaeocera CSIKI, 1909, and new records of Scaphoxium LOBL, 1979 and Toxidium LECONTE, 1860 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae). - Russian entomological Journal 27: 123-134.","LOBL I. (2018b): Supplement to the knowledge of the genera Baeocera ERICHSON, 1845 and Scaphobaeocera CSIKI, 1909 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scaphidiinae) of the People's Republic of China. - Linzer biologische Beitrage 50 (2): 1295-1303.","LOBL I. (2018c): Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scaphidiinae. - World Catalogue of Insects. Volume 16, Brill, Leiden/Boston: xvi + 418 pp.","MIWA Y. & T. MITONO (1943): Scaphidiidae of my country [= Scaphidiidae of Japan and Formosa]. - Transactions of the Natural History Society of Formosa 33: 512-555 [in Japanese].","NEWTON A.F. Jr. & S.L. STEPHENSON (1990): A beetle/slime mold assemblage from northern India (Coleoptera; Myxomycetes). - Oriental Insects 24: 197-218."]}

Mexico masamii (Sat��, 1994) comb. nov. Figs 11F, 18���19 Babalimnichus masamii Sat��, 1994: 175. Babalimnichus masamii ��� Yoshitomi & Sat�� 2001: 472 [larval description]. ��� Yoshitomi 2014a: 29. ��� Ono et al. 2012: 47. ��� Kamezawa 2017: 54. Material examined JAPAN ��� 7 ex.; ��� Japan: Honsh�� Nanaura-kaigan Tachibana, Sado-shi Niigata, 5. vi. 2016 37.986591, 138.234143 Kamezawa H. leg.���; EUMJ ��� 1 ♂; ���[IZ9] Ishijirogawa, Shikinejima, Izu Isls., Japan, 34��19.409��� N, 139��13.308��� E, ca 16 m, 7. II. 2013, H. Yoshitomi leg.���; EUMJ ��� 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 14 ex.; ��� Kariya-kaigan Tokoname-shi Aichi Pref. 17. VIII. 1995, 17. VIII. 1995 H. Yoshitomi leg.���; 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ on slides HY 989, 992���994; EUMJ ��� 1 ex.; ��� Zoubigasaki, Murozumi Hikari-shi Yamaguchi Pref., Jpn 28. VII. 2005 Y. Fujitani leg.���; EUMJ ��� 5 ex.; ��� Bashayamamura Amami-oshima 3-V-1999 M. Sato leg.���; EUMJ ��� 28 ex.; ��� Kawata Okinawa 5-V-1999 M. Sato leg.���; EUMJ ��� 9 ex.; ��� Kim-kaigan Okinawa 28- III-1997 M. Sat�� leg.���; EUMJ ��� 1 ex.; ��� Onnason Okinawa-jima 26-28. IV. 2004 M. Sato leg.���; EUMJ ��� 1 ex.; ��� Kume-jima Ryukyu 30-IV-2004 M. Sato leg.���; EUMJ ��� 2 ex.; ��� Tomori Ryukyus Miyako-jima 7-V-1998 M. Sat�� leg.���; EUMJ ��� 13 ex.; ��� Uganzaki Ishigaki 22-IX-2003 M. Sato leg.���; EUMJ ��� 7 ex., in ethanol; ��� Sakaura, Izumo, Shimane 31. VII. 2006 M. Hayashi ���; EUMJ ��� 2 pupae, with larval skins, in ethanol; ��� Nahama-kaigan, Nagai, Yokosuka-shi Kanagawa Pref., Japan 6. July 2007 M. Asano leg.���; EUMJ. Redescription Male For a detailed description of the external features, see the original description (Sat�� 1994). PW/PL 1.67��� 2.22 (1.99); EL/EW 1.27���1.48(1.36);EL/ PL 2.64���3.29 (2.96); EW/PW 1.00���1.18 (1.10);TL/EW1.71��� 1.95 (1.82). Sternite VII (Fig. 18A) bearing about 30 long setae, lacking extra setae; postero-lateral corners short and pointed; median part of caudal margin gently projecting triangularly. Sternite VIII (Fig. 18B) small, slightly sclerotized, Y-shaped. Sternite IX (Fig. 18C) well sclerotized, curved in basal part, shallowly concave at apex; apical plates rather stout, pointed at apices. Aedeagus (Fig. 18 D���F) relatively short, asymmetrical; basal piece oval; lateral lobes short, with 3���4 apical setae; median lobe wide, sparsely punctuate in apical part, expanded in apical quarter, gently pointed at apex; ventral plates wide, separated from median lobe, left one long and curved interiorly in apical part, right one short and straight; ML/BL 2.24; ML/LL 2.43. Female Sexual dimorphism slight. Sternite VII (Fig. 18G) similar to that of male. Urosternite (Fig. 18H) well sclerotized, T-shaped, with long and slender apodeme. Ovipositor (Fig. 18I) well sclerotized; coxite sparsely punctuate, rather pointed at apices; apex of baculus bifid; approximate ratio of coxite and baculus (n = 1) 1.0:5.9. Pupae Body (Fig. 19) about 1.5 mm, cream-colored, bearing long setae on head, pronotum, elytra and abdomen. Measurements Unsexed (n = 20): TL 1.82���2.32 (2.04) mm; PW 0.90���1.10 (1.02) mm; PL 0.45���0.60 (0.52) mm; EL 1.32���1.72 (1.53) mm; EW 1.00���1.30 (1.12) mm. Distribution Japan (Honshu, Sadogashima, Izu Islands (Shikine-jima, Kozu-shima), Shikoku, Kyushu, the Ryukyus (Yakushima, Amami-��shima, Tokuno-shima, Okinoerabu-jima, Yoron-t��, Okinawa-jima, Irabu-jima, Kume-jima, Miyako-jima, Ishigaki-jima)). Remarks I re-examined the specimens from Yonaguni-jima (Yoshitomi & Arai 2004), and it is clear that they do not represent this species but the preceding one. This is the first record of this species from Kume-jima. This species has the northernmost distribution (Sado Island) in the subfamily Thaumastodinae (Kamezawa 2017). Biological notes Overwintering takes place in the larval stage in Chiba Prefecture (Ono et al. 2012) or the adult stage on the Izu Islands (Yoshitomi 2014a)., Published as part of Yoshitomi, Hiroyuki, 2019, Review of the Asian Thaumastodinae (Coleoptera, Byrrhoidea, Limnichidae), with a phylogeny of the genera, pp. 1-45 in European Journal of Taxonomy 583 on pages 34-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.583, http://zenodo.org/record/3564532, {"references":["Sato M. 1994. Note on the genus Pseudeucinetus Heller and its new relative (Coleoptera, Limnichidae). Special Bulletin of the Essa Entomological Society 2: 173 - 177.","Yoshitomi H. & Sato M. 2001. Description of the larva of Babalimnichus masamii M. Sato (Coleoptera: Limnichidae, Thaumastodinae). Coleopterist's Bulletin 55: 471 - 474.","Yoshitomi H. 2014 a. Water beetle fauna of Izu Islands. Sayabane, New Series (16): 26 - 31. [In Japanese, with English summary.]","Ono H., Kamezawa H. & Sugaya K. 2012. Record of two seashore beetles from Chiba Prefecture. Sayabane, New Series (5): 47 - 48. [In Japanese.]","Kamezawa H. 2017. Collecting record of Babalimnichus masamii from Sado Islands. Sayabane, New Series (25): 54. [In Japanese.]","Yoshitomi H. & Arai K. 2004. Babalimnichus masamii collected from Yonaguni-jima. Coleopterists' News (148): 23. [In Japanese.]"]}

Neohybrizon mutus Hisasue & Konishi, sp. nov. Gen. sp. Komatsu & Konishi, 2010: 575. Material examined. Holotype, ♀, Hitsujigaoka (43.00°N / 141.24°E), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 6–13.viii.2003 (K. Konishi), MT, EUMJ. Paratypes: [Hokkaido] 1♀ (9–22. viii. 2002), 4♀ (6–13. viii. 2003), 14♀ (13–20. viii. 2003), 1♀ (27. viii–3.ix. 2003), 1♀ (19–26.vii.2007), 3♀ (26.vii–2.viii.2007), 7♀ (2–9.viii.2007)& 4♀ (9–16.viii.2007), 43°00’N / 141.24°E, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo (K. Konishi), MT, EUMJ, ZI; 5♀ (7–14. viii. 2009), 5♀ (14–21. viii. 2009), 3♀ (21–28. viii. 2009), 1♀ (28. viii–4. ix. 2009) & 1♀ (11–18. ix. 2009), 43°00’09”N / 141°24’56”E, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo (K. Konishi), MT, EUMJ; 2♀ (1–8. viii. 2012), 1♀ (15–22. viii. 2012), 2♀ (25. vii–1. viii. 2012), 3♀ (8–15. viii.2012) & 1♀ (22–29. viii. 2012), 43°00’24”N / 141°24’52”E, Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo (K. Konishi), MT, EUMJ; 8♀ (18–26. viii. 1998, K. Mizota et al.) & 3♀ (4–18. viii. 2001, 42°58’N / 141°12’E, T. Yoshida), Hyakumatsu-zawa, Sapporo, MT, BMNH, SEHU; 6♀ (24. viii–7. ix. 1993, N. Kuhara, EUMJ), 2♀ (1–8. viii. 2000, K. Uesugi, SEHU), 12♀ (1–8. viii. 2000, K. Uesugi, SEHU) & 8♀ (7. viii–13. ix. 2002, stream side, 42°58’N / 141°15’E, T. Yoshida, SEHU), MT, Kannon-zawa, Sapporo; 8♀, Misumai (small stream), Sapporo, 27. vii–13. viii. 1994 (N. Kuhara, MT), EUMJ; 1♀ (24–31. viii. 2001, H. Sugaya, FIT) & 1♀ (7. vii. 2002, 42°57’N / 141°14’E, T. Yoshida), Mt. Hakken-zan, Sap- poro, SEHU; 9♀ (7. viii. 1999), 11♀ (14. viii. 1999), 1♀ (21. viii. 1999) & 1♀ (28. viii. 1999), Mt. Maruyama (50 m), Sapporo (K. Mizota et al.), MT, SEHU; 1♀, Mt. Okuteine-yama (43°04’N / 141°08’E), Sapporo, 3–17. vii. 2011 (R. Takayanagi, MT), SEHU; 3♀ (27. vii–21. viii. 2007, Natural forest, 42°54’N / 141°16’E), 11♀ (27. vii–21. viii. 2007, Selectively cut forest, 42°54’N / 141°16’E) & 3♀ (27. vii–21. viii. 2007, Natural forest, 42°56’N / 141°16’E), Mt. Soranuma-dake, Sapporo (A. Ueda), MT, AEI, EUMJ; 1♀, Nakayama-toge, Sapporo, 4. ix. 2003 (T. Yoshida), SEHU; 1♀ (9. viii. 2001, T. Yoshida, SEHU) & 3♀ (18–31. viii. 1993, N. Kuhara, MT, EUMJ), Nopporo, Ebetsu; 8♀ (3–17. viii. 2007, 180 m, 43°00’N / 142°04’E), 2♀ (17–31. viii. 2007, 180 m, 43°00’N / 142°04’E) & 3♀ (16. vii–6. viii. 2008, 263 m, 43°01’N / 142°05’E), Ohyubari (Natural forest), Yubari (A. Ueda), MT, EUMJ; 11♀ (13–21. viii. 2001), 20♀ 3♂ (21. viii–3. ix. 2001) & 1♀ (3–21. ix. 2001), Moizari River, Eniwa (T. Ohkawara & T. Ito), MT, EUMJ; 10♀, Kusabue-rindo (42.7154°N / 141.2143°E), Chitose, 17. viii–1. ix. 2012 (N. Kuhara, MT), BM, EUMJ; 1♀, Lake Shikotsu, Chitose, 28. vii–11. viii.2000 (K. Uesugi, MT), SEHU; 1♀, Oohonai River, Makkari, 18–28. viii. 1998 (M. Nakajima, MT), NIAES; 3♀ (11–29. viii. 2002, 42°29’22”N / 141°03’34”E) & 2♀ (29. viii–23. ix. 2002, 42°29’N / 141°03’E), Mt. Raiba-dake, Noboribetsu (T. Yoshida), MT, SEHU; 1♀, Ohnuma, Nanae, 24. viii. 1994 (R. Matsumoto), OMNH. [Honshu] Aomori Pref.: 1♀, Kawaratai (40°31’N / 140°10’E), Nishimeya, 15–25. vii. 2013 (T. Nakamura, MT), EUMJ. Tochigi Pref.: 5♀ (24. vii–17. viii. 2014) & 9♀ (1-25. viii. 2013), Dodaira, Enna-skyline, Nasushiobara (T. Nakayama), MT, EUMJ; 6♀, Nikko-zawa–Kinunuma, Nikko, 14. viii. 2004 (H. Makihara, MT), EUMJ; 1♀, Sukkan-sawa, Kita-one (1000 m), Nasushiobara, 13–21. viii. 2008 (T. Matsumura, MT), TPM. Gunma Pref.: 1♀, Mt. Hotakasan, 29. viii. 2006 (H. Katahira), KPMNH. Niigata Pref.: 1♂, Sasagamine (1230–1290 m) (36°51'N / 138°04'E), Myoko, 17. viii. 2013 (S. Shimizu), Sweeping, EUMJ. Nagano Pref.: 1♀, Utsukushi-matsu (1350 m) (36.135°N / 138.234°E), Nagawa, 23. viii. 2012 (S. Fujie), EUMJ; 1♀, Abo-toge, Matsumoto, 5. ix. 2009 (T. Komatsu), EUMJ; 1♂, Mt. Ontake-san–Mt. Hakkai-san (1660–1700 m) (35°51'47"N / 137°31'37"E), Ohtaki, 8. viii. 2010 (K. Watanabe), KPMNH. Gifu Pref.: 1♀ (24. vii-3. viii. 2010) & 2♀ (9–16. viii. 2010), Shima (800 m), Shirakawa (R. Sugiura & H. Sumi, MT), OMNH; 1♀, Hidarimata, Kamitakara, 1. ix. 1996 (M. Sueyoshi), OMNH. Osaka Pref.: 1♀ (23. vii–2.viii. 2002), 14♀ (2–10. viii. 2002) & 1♀ (10–20. viii. 2002), Mt. Izumi-Katsuragisan, Kishiwada (R. Matsumoto, MT), OMNH. Nara Pref.: 1♀, Nikaidake–Kinomiyazuka (34.3507°N / 136.0661°E), Mt. Azami-dake, Kawakami, 6–23. viii. 2010 (R. Matsumoto, MT), OMNH. [Shikoku] Ehime Pref.: 1♀, Hontani, Odamiyama, 26–30. ix. 2008 (E. Yamamoto, MT), EUMJ; 1♀, Omogokei, Kumakogen, 20. ix. 1958 (K. Kamijo), SEHU. Description. FEMALE (n=20) (Fig. 4). Body 4.5–5.6 mm long. Fore wing 3.4–4.7 mm long. Head wider than high, 0.6–0.9 × as long as wide in frontal view (Fig. 1); head length 0.4–0.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 2); face with median longitudinal convexity and with a short longitudinal ridge on dorso-median portion; face smooth except on median longitudinal convexity granulate; POL 0.8–1.2 × as OD; OOL 0.7–1.3 × as long as OD; LOL 0.3–1.0 × as long as OD; FI 0.2–0.3; occiput and interocular area polished; minimum interocular distance 1.2–1.9 × as long as compound eye width of same line; inner margins of eyes convergent toward ventrally, not emarginated at antennal socket; gena to vertex along the outer orbit of eye with sparse hairs; GOI 2.4–5.3; occiput higher than wide (Fig. 6); occipital carina strong (Fig. 6); anterior tentorial pit large and deep; clypeus very narrow, apical portion of clypeus 0.2–0.4 × as wide as minimum interocular distance, with some longitudinal striae, apical margin rounded; malar space concaved into a crescentic, apical margins depressed, with carina; mouth parts much reduced; mandible absent; area of surrounded by hypostomal carina elliptic; maxillary palpus reduced to 1 segment; labial palpus disappeared; antenna with 11 flagellomeres (Fig. 8); scape about as long as pedicel or somewhat short, F1 relatively slender, 7.3–11.7 × as long as wide; relative proportion of length of all flagellomeres, F1: F2: F3: F4: F5: F6: F7: F8: F9: F10: F11= 3.3: 2.4: 2.3: 2.3: 2.2: 2.2: 2.1: 2.0: 1.9: 1.7: 2.2. Mesosoma polished (Fig. 10); anterior margin of pronotum with transverse groove, and with ventral margin rounded; pronotal collar short (Fig. 14); mesoscutum 1.1–1.4 × as long as wide except marginal ring, highly elevated and narrowed toward anteriorly; marginal rim of mesoscutum lamellate; anterior half of mesoscutum scattered punctures with hairs except median part; posterocentral area of mesoscutum depressed; scutellum basically impunctate, with lateral carina extending anterior half; post scutellum strongly convex; epicnemial carina absent (Fig. 12); mesopleural fovea elongate to median portion of mesopleuron and rugose; mesopleural suture distinct; anterior portion of mesopleuron rounded, with hairs and fine wrinkles (Fig. 12); sternalus absent; posterocentral portion of metapleuron depressed; pleural carina strongly curved; propodeum with rugose carinae, with sparse hairs; propodeal spiracle elliptic. Legs with weak and dense hairs (Fig. 15); femora clavate. Fore coxa with longitudinal carina. Hind coxa 1.9–2.7 × as long as trochanter; femur 5.5–7.8 × as long as trochanter; tibia curved dorsally at apical 1/3; basitarsus 0.7–0.9 × as long as following tarsomeres combined; 1–3 tarsomeres parallel sided in lateral view; 2–5 tarsal segments weakly flattened; 4th tarsomere 1.3–1.9 × as long as 5th tarsomere; maximum width of 4th tarsomere 1.4–1.8 × as wide as maximum width of 5th tarsomere; apical width of 5th tarsomere as wide as basal width. Fore wing entirely covered with dense hairs (Fig. 9); stigma slender, over 8.9 × as long as maximum width; M+CU non-tubular except apical area; RS almost straight, apical 1/5 slightly curved; M entirely straight; AA nontubular except apical portion; 1cu-a opposite M&RS; 2r&RS short, 0.2–0.3 × as long as 1m-cu&M; 1m-cu&M 2.5–3.5 × as long as first abscissa of CU; distal abscissa of CU straight, apical 1/4 non-tubular; 2cu-a present basal half; RS+M very short, sometimes absent; M+CU present only apical portion. Hind wing slender, 4.8–5.9 × as long as wide, and with four hamuli; veins non-tubular except R; RA, RS, M+CU, M and CU colored. Metasoma slender (Fig. 16); T1–T4 depressed, smooth and hairless except apical and lateral marginal areas with sparse hairs; T1 polished, 3.3–4.3 × as long as apical width, apical width 1.4–1.8 × as wide as basal width, posterocentral area with longitudinal depression (Fig. 16); T2 1.1–1.5 × as long as T1, 2.9–4.7 × as long as apical width, apical width 1.1–2.1 × as wide as basal width, with some wrinkles laterally, and dorsal contour concave in lateral view; around spiracles of T1 and T 2 triangularly raised (Fig. 16); T3 1.4–3.1 × as long as apical width; dorsal contour of T2 and basal portion of T3 concave in lateral view; T5–T7 compressed, and entirely covered with dense hairs; ovipositor tapering toward apex; ovipositor sheath 0.2–0.4 × as long as hind basitarsus, lateral and dorsal area with dense hairs. Coloration: Head blackish-brown; clypeus yellowish brown except apical 1/5 whitish yellow, antennal sockets, scapes, basal half of 1st flagellomere yellow-brown; distal half of 1st flagellomere, triangular tubercle, pedicels yellowish-brown; maxilla, labium, maxillary and labial palpi pale-yellow. Mesosoma blackish-brown; propleuron, mesoscutum, scutellum, and lower part of mesopleuron brown; anterior portion of mesoscutum brownish-brown except central part; lower part of pronotum, anterolateral margin of mesonotum, marginal ring of mesoscutum, posterolateral margin of scutellum, posterior margin of propodeum yellowish-brown; anterior margin of mesopleuron and tegula pale-yellow. Fore and middle legs brownish-yellow; fore and middle coxae and trochanters whitishyellow. Hind leg brown; hind coxa brownish-yellow. Wings hyaline; stigma and veins blackish-brown. Metasoma brown; T1 and sternite blackish-brown; anterior margins of T2–T3, and 4T brownish-yellow; ovipositor brownishyellow; T2–T4 whitish-yellow. MALE (n=5) (Fig. 5). Body 4.8–5.4 mm long. Fore wing 3.7–4.2 mm long. Similar to females except as follows. Head wider than high, 0.7 × as high as wide in frontal view (Fig. 7); head length 0.5–0.6 × as long as wide; POL 1.1–1.5 × as OD; OOL 1.0–1.2 × as long as OD; LOL 0.7–1.0 × as long as OD; FI 0.2; minimum interocular distance 1.8–2.2 × as long as compound eye width of same line; GOI 2.3–3.8; clypeus very narrow, apical portion of clypeus 0.2–0.3 × as wide as minimum interocular distance; malar space often strongly concaved than female; F1 7.8–13.5 × as long as wide; relative proportion of length of all flagellomeres, F1: F2: F3: F4: F5: F6: F7: F8: F9: F10: F11= 3.0: 2.3: 2.2: 2.3: 2.3: 2.3: 2.2: 2.0: 2.0: 1.9: 2.3. Mesoscutum 1.2–1.3 × as long as wide except marginal rim; scutellum more abruptly narrowed than in female. Hind coxa 1.9–2.5 × as long as trochanter; femur 5.4–7.5 × as long as trochanter; basitarsus 0.8–0.9 × as long as following tarsomeres combined; 4th tarsomere 1.3–1.6 × as long as 5th tarsomere; maximum width of 4th tarsomere 1.2–1.5 × as wide as maximum width of 5th tarsomere. Stigma, over 10 × as long as maximum width; 1m-cu&M 2.1–3.8 × as long as first abscissa of CU. Hind wing 4.9–6.1 × as long as wide. T1 3.2–3.5 × as long as apical width; T2 1.2–1.4 × as long as T1, 2.9–4.1 × as long as apical width, apical width 1.3–1.9 × as wide as basal width; T3 1.3–2.2 × as long as apical width. Subgenital plate transverse and somewhat reduced (Fig. 17); apical margin emarginate medially and with a pair of hairs; basal margin without median apodeme and acute laterally (Fig. 18-c). Apical and antero-ventral margin of paramere with sparse hairs (Fig. 18); apical margin of paramere truncated; apical part of digitus slightly expand. Aedeagus slender, penis valve slightly curved (Fig. 19). Coloration similar to females except clypeus and mesosoma, clypeus and lower part of mesopleuron whitish yellow (Fig. 13), anterior portion of mesoscutum brownish-yellow except central part (Fig. 11). Distribution. Hokkaido, Honshu (Aomori, Tochigi, Gunma, Niigata, Nagano, Gifu, Osaka, Nara), Shikoku (Ehime). Host. Myrmica kotokui Forel, 1911 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (Komatsu & Konishi, 2010). Etymology. Named after the Latin ‘mutus’, meaning quiet, reffering to the much reduced mouth parts., Published as part of Hisasue, Yu & Konishi, Kazuhiko, 2019, A new genus of the subfamily Hybrizontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Japan, pp. 241-250 in Zootaxa 4664 (2) on pages 243-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/3385635, {"references":["Komatsu, K. & Konishi, K. (2010) Parasitic behaviors of two ant parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae: Hybrizontinae). Sociobiology, 56 (3), 575 - 584."]}

Ischnosoma discoidale taiwanum Kocian, 2003 Figs 45, 65. TAIWAN: Ilan Hsien: 76 km N Crossing Highway, 1180 m, flight intercept trap, 3.��� 4.IX. 2002, leg. Chun Lin Li, 1 ex. (MNB); Kaohsiung Hsien: Peinantashan trail, 2450 m, 2.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 170], 1 ex. (cSch); Peinantashan trail, 2500 m, 3.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 171], 1 ex. (cSme); Taichung Hsien: Anmashan, 2700 m, litter, 8. IV. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 6 exs. (KUM, cSch��). Remarks. This brachypterous subspecies of Ischnosoma discoidale is restricted to Taiwan (Fig. 65)., Published as part of Kocian, Mat���� & Sch��lke, Michael, 2016, New species and records of Ischnosoma Stephens (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Tachyporinae) from China, pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 4105 (3) on page 226, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4105.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/271275, {"references":["Kocian, M. (2003) Monograph of the world species of the genus Ischnosoma (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae. Biologica, 47, 3 - 151."]}

Ischnosoma discoidale taiwanum Kocian, 2003 Figs 45, 65. TAIWAN: Ilan Hsien: 76 km N Crossing Highway, 1180 m, flight intercept trap, 3.– 4.IX. 2002, leg. Chun Lin Li, 1 ex. (MNB); Kaohsiung Hsien: Peinantashan trail, 2450 m, 2.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 170], 1 ex. (cSch); Peinantashan trail, 2500 m, 3.V. 1995, leg. A. Smetana [T 171], 1 ex. (cSme); Taichung Hsien: Anmashan, 2700 m, litter, 8. IV. 2002, leg. H. Sugaya, 6 exs. (KUM, cSchü). Remarks. This brachypterous subspecies of Ischnosoma discoidale is restricted to Taiwan (Fig. 65).

Assing, Volker (2016): A new species of Tetrasticta from Laos (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Linzer biologische Beiträge 48 (1): 229-234, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5416213, {"references":["MARUYAMA M. (2004): Redescription of the genus Creochara (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Aleocharini) and its systematic position. - The Canadian Entomologist 136: 621-637.","MARUYAMA M. & H. SUGAYA (2002): A new species of Tetrasticta (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from Japan and Taiwan. - Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology 8 (1): 17-21.","PACE R. (2000): Aleocharinae della Thailandia (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino 17 (1): 39-86.","PACE R. (2008): Le specie di Thamiaraeini, Oxypodini, Hoplandriini e Aleocharini del Borneo (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Revue Suisse de Zoologie 115 (1): 157-183.","PACE R. (2010): Aleocharinae della regione orientale al Museo di Genova (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \"G. Doria\" 102: 295-335.","PACE R. (2013a): Biodiversita della Aleocharinae della Cina: Hoplandriini, Aleocharini e Sinanarchusini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). - Contributions to Entomology 63 (1): 5-24.","PACE R. (2013b): New distributional data, new species and three new genera of Aleocharinae from Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). - Tropical Zoology 26 (1): 33-63.","SCHULKE M. & A. SMETANA (2015): Staphylinidae, pp. 304-1134. - In: LOBL I. & D. LOBL (eds), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Volume 2. Hydrophiloidea - Staphylinoidea. Revised and updated edition. Leiden: Brill: xxvi + 1702 pp.","YAMAMOTO S. & M. MARUYAMA (2013): A peculiar new species of the genus Tetrasticta KRAATZ (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from Peninsular Malaysia. - ZooKeys 336: 39-46.","ZHENG D.-L. & M.-J. ZHAO (2014): A new species of genus [sic] Tetrasticta KRAATZ (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from Xishuangbanna, Southwest China. - ZooKeys 404: 113-116."]}

Miyaji H, Sugaya T, Ibe K, Ishizuka R, Tokunaga K, Kawanami M. Root surface conditioning with bone morphogenetic protein-2 facilitates cementum-like tissue deposition in beagle dogs. J Periodont Res 2010; 45: 658–663. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Modification of the root surface may play an important role in regenerating the periodontal attachment between the root and periodontal connective tissue. We speculated that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) application to the root surface constructed a novel attachment by cementum-like hard tissue, although gingival connective tissue proliferated to the root surface. The aim of this study was to examine whether BMP-2 guided cementum-like tissue deposition on a BMP-conditioned root surface. Material and Methods: Root dentin on the buccal side of 24 teeth in four beagle dogs was surgically exposed. The denuded root dentin surfaces were demineralized with EDTA and washed with saline. Subsequently, 15 μL of BMP-2 solution (loading dose, 0.4 and 1.0 μg/μL) was applied to the root dentin surface. In the control roots, phosphate-buffered saline was applied to the root surface. Specimens were analyzed histologically 16 wk after surgery. Results: Formation of cementum-like tissue was frequently observed on the BMP-2-conditioned root at the coronal portion. Cellular cementum-like tissue was separated from the original cementum and encapsulated with gingival connective tissue. Cementum-like tissue formation with BMP-2 at 1.0 μg/μL was significantly greater than that in the control roots and those with BMP-2 at 0.4 μg/μL. Downgrowth of the junctional epithelium in the 1.0 μg/μL BMP-2 group was significantly less than that in the control roots. Conclusion: Root dentin surface conditioning with BMP-2 stimulated cementum-like tissue formation and inhibited epithelial downgrowth.

Ptomaphaginus quadricalcarus sp. nov. (Figs. 2 A���F; 14 A���I) Type material. Holotype: CHINA, Yunnan: ♂, Xishuangbanna, Yao Region, 21 �� 43.850 ���N 101 �� 30.953 ���E, 1150 m, window trap, 4.X. 2010, Liang L��, Xi Zhang & Yu-Lingzi Zhou legg. (IZ-CAS). Description. Male. EBL: 2.68 mm. Length of different body parts: HL: AL: PL: ELL = 0.47: 0.88: 0.69: 1.42 mm; width: HW: EW: PW: ELW = 0.79: 0.10: 1.10: 1.21 mm. Proportion of antennomeres from base to tip in ��m (length �� width): 146 �� 42, 118 �� 46, 68 �� 40, 51 �� 44, 58 �� 47, 51 �� 56, 67 �� 71, 34 �� 72, 82 �� 84, 76 �� 88, 129 �� 89. Habitus elongated oval, relatively convex and rather lustreless. Moderately pigmented: mostly chestnut brown; only mouthparts, antennae, protarsi, elytral apex, and distal half of meso- and metatarsi yellowish. Dorsum continually clothed with fine, recumbent and sallow pubescence. Insertions of pubescence on dorsal surfaces of pronotum, scutellum, elytra and femora align along transverse striolations (Fig. 2 A). Head moderately short and gently convex, finely punctured, without visible transverse striolations, HW/HL = 1.66; anterior margin round. Compound eyes well developed, EW/HW = 0.13. Antennae slender but not very long (Fig. 14 A), AL/HW = 1.12; 5 th longer than 4 th; 6 th and 9 th almost quadrate respectively; 10 th slightly wider than long; 11 th pear-like. Pronotum not rather transverse and convex (Fig. 14 C), widest at base, PW/PL = 1.59. Sides almost rectilinearly narrowing from posterior to anterior; hind corners drawn out and bluntly rouned. Posterior margin with distinct postero-lateral emargination. Surface transversely striolated, SP: 41���44, interspaces narrower than that on elytra. Elytra relatively short and convex, widest at about basal 1 / 3, ELL/EW = 1.18. Sides curved, gradually narrowing from base to apices; apices obliquely truncated (Fig. 2 A). Surface transversely striolated, SE: 64���66. Metathoracic wings fully developed. Prolegs robust, with basal three protarsomeres very strongly expanded (Fig. 14 B): TW/BTW = 1.15. Spinal arrangement on ventral side of protibia as shown in Fig. 14 B. Profemora wider than protibiae, carried long and strong hairs on ventral side. Mesotibiae moderately arcuate. Metatibia not only born two spurs at inner side of distal end, but also two large spur-like spines at ventral side (Fig. 14 D). Ventrite VII simple, feebly bisinuated at posterior margin. Ventrite VIII with a large fossa subround and shallow, moderaterly emarginate posteriorly (Fig. 14 E). Segment IX: spiculum gastrale subfusiform, narrowly rounded at posterior end (Fig. 14 F). Aedeagus rather elongated oval in dorsal view (Fig. 14 G): median lobe generally narrowed towards apex, apical margin distinctly emarginate at middle; right apical expansion weakly sclerotized, rounded at apex, stuck out of apical margin of median lobe; parameres narrow, firmly attached to median lobe. Ventral operculum distinctly divided in apical part, each lobe narrowly subrounded apically (Fig. 14 H). In lateral view, median lobe obviously bent ventrad, apical part strongly thinned and flattened, and several ventrally-oriented setae inserted below apex as well as two just before middle (Fig. 14 J). Internal stylus quite slender. Female. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Latin words quadr (four) and calcar (spine) to refer to two inner spurs and two additional spur-like ventral spines on distal end of metatibia in this new species. Remarks. The rather elongated oval aedeagus of this new species is similar to two Japanese species: P. shibatai Hayashi, 1969 and P. okinawaensis Hoshina & Sugaya, 2003, but it is easily to be distinguished from the latter two (even all other congeners) by the following characters: two inner spurs and additional two spur-like ventral spines on distal end of metatibia, median lobe distinctly emarginate at middle of apical margin and a special shape when aedeagus was viewed laterally., Published as part of Wang, Cheng-Bin & Zhou, Hong-Zhang, 2015, Taxonomy of the genus Ptomaphaginus Portevin (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) from China, with description of eleven new species, pp. 301-338 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on pages 324-326, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/243860, {"references":["Hayashi, Y. (1969) Catopidae from Amami-Ohshima Is., Japan (Col.). Entomological Review of Japan, 12 (1), 1 - 6.","Hoshina, H. & Sugaya, H. (2003) A taxonomic study of the genus Ptomaphaginus (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Entomological Review of Japan, 58 (2), 121 - 131."]}

Ptomaphaginus franki Perreau, 1993 (Figs. 5; 6 A���K) Perreau, 1993: 343 (Ptomaphaginus; Type locality: CHINA, Taiwan: Fenchihu, 1409 m); Perreau, 1996: 290 (Ptomaphaginus; new distributional locations); Perreau, 2000: 371 (Ptomaphaginus; catalog); Hoshina & Sugaya, 2003: 127 (Ptomaphaginus; aedeagus figures). Material examined. Paratype: CHINA, Taiwan: 1 ♂, Fenchihu, 1400 m, 10.V. 1977, Klapperich leg. // PARATYPE, Ptomaphaginus franki M. Perreau det. 1992 // Coll. M. Perreau (CMPR). Redescription. Male. EBL: 2.53 mm. Length of different body parts: HL: AL: PL: ELL = 0.41: 0.78: 0.66: 1.37 mm; width: HW: EW: PW: ELW = 0.70: 0.08: 1.09: 1.11 mm. Proportion of antennomeres from base to tip in ��m (length �� width): 124 �� 41, 107 �� 47, 63 �� 42, 40 �� 45, 44 �� 48, 30 �� 54, 57 �� 71, 25 �� 70, 63 �� 79, 61 �� 78, 109 �� 79. Habitus elongated oval, relatively convex and lustreless. Moderately pigmented: mostly chestnut brown: only mouthparts, basal five antennomeres and apical half of ultimate antennomere, elytral apex, and apical part of tarsi more or less yellowish. Dorsum continually clothed with fine, recumbent and sallow pubescence. Insertions of pubescence on dorsal surfaces of head, pronotum, scutellum, elytra and femora align along transverse striolations (Fig. 5). Head short and convex, transversely and superficially striolated, interspaces narrower than that on pronotum, HW / HL = 1.72; anterior margin round. Compound eyes normally developed, EW / HW = 0.11. Antennae slender but not very long (Fig. 6 A), AL / HW = 1.11; 5 th slightly longer than 4 th; 6 th wider than long; 9 th and 10 th a little wider than long; 11 th pear-like. Pronotum transverse and convex (Fig. 6 C), widest directly before corners, PW / PL = 1.66. Sides slightly curved, narrowing from posterior to anterior; hind corners drawn out and blunt. Posterior margin with distinct postero-lateral emargination. Surface transversely striolated, SP: 46���49, interspaces narrower than that on elytra. Elytra of medium length and weakly convex, widest directly after base, ELL / EW = 1.24. Sides feebly curved, gradually narrowing from base to apices; apices obliquely truncated (Fig. 6 D). Surface transversely striolated, SE: 89���92. Metathoracic wings fully developed. Prolegs robust, with basal three protarsomeres moderately expanded (Fig. 6 B): TW / BTW = 1.35. Spinal arrangement on ventral side of protibia as shown in Fig. 6 B. Profemora wider than protibiae, and carried strong and long hairs on ventral side. Mesotibiae arcuate. Ventrite VII with two large teeth at posterior margin, and many small spines located around middle emargination (Fig. 6 E). Ventrite VIII with a large fossa subround and moderately shallow, almost not emarginate posteriorly (Fig. 6 F). Segment IX: spiculum gastrale wide, widely rounded at posterior end (Fig. 6 G). Aedeagus stout and distinctly incurved around middle in dorsal view (Fig. 6 H): median lobe widest before base; parameres narrow, firmly attached to median lobe, strongly and sinuately curved, totally invisible before middle. Ventral operculum distinctly divided in apical part, each lobe narrowly rounded apically (Fig. 6 I). In lateral view, median lobe very thick and strongly bent ventrad at about apical half, apex almost not thinned, and four ventrally-oriented setae inserted below apex as well as two just before middle (Fig. 6 J). Internal stylus wide, multiannulate at about basal 1 / 3. Female. Unexamined. Spermatheca ���C��� shape (Fig. 6 K; after Perreau, 1993). Distribution: China (Taiwan). Remarks. For Ptomaphaginus species from China, only this one has aedeagus distinctly incurved around middle when viewed dorsally, and parameres strongly and sinuately curved, totally invisible before middle., Published as part of Wang, Cheng-Bin & Zhou, Hong-Zhang, 2015, Taxonomy of the genus Ptomaphaginus Portevin (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Ptomaphagini) from China, with description of eleven new species, pp. 301-338 in Zootaxa 3941 (3) on pages 310-312, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/243860, {"references":["Perreau, M. (1993) Nouvelles especes de Ptomaphaginus de Thailande et de Taiwan (Coleoptera, Cholevidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 97 (4), 343 - 347.","Perreau, M. (1996) Contribution a la connaissance des Cholevidae du Japon et de Taiwan (Coleoptera). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 103 (1), 283 - 297.","Perreau, M. (2000) Catalogue des Coleopteres Leiodidae, Cholevinae et Platypsyllinae. Memories de la Societe entomologique de France, 4, 1 - 460.","Hoshina, H. & Sugaya, H. (2003) A taxonomic study of the genus Ptomaphaginus (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Cholevinae) from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Entomological Review of Japan, 58 (2), 121 - 131."]}

Megalopinus hirashimai NAOMI 1986 (Abb. 19, 43, 91) Megalopinus hirashimai NAOMI 1986: 348 f. M a t e r i a l: JAPAN: 1: Tokunoshima Island, Kagoshima pref., Tete, 4. V.1988, S. Nomura (cP) CHINA: Taiwan: 2: Tai Tung, Chipen-Wenchuan, ca. 400m, termitophilous, 6.-8. XI.2000, H. Sugaya (cNaomi, cP); 1: Ilan Hsien: Kwan In, ca. 300m, 16.IX.1995, C.L. LI (ZMB); 1: Chiayi Hsien: Alishan Rd. 129, km 33,5, env. Chashan, ca. 400m, forest litter, 13.IV. 2009, S. Vít (MHNG); 1, 2: Hainan: Ledong Co., Jianfengling N. P., 1000m, 18. V.2011, Bi Wen-Xuan (SHNU, cP); 1: Yunnan: Nabanhe N. R., Manfei, 670m, 5. V.2009, Hu & Yin (SHNU); 1: Zhejiang: Tianmushan, 1100m, 19. V.2006, Tang (SHNU). THAILAND: 1: Chiangmai Prov., Chiangdao, 450m, in dead tree, 5.-11.IV.1958, T. C. Maa (BPBM); 1: r. Kuni Nok, Ban Sai Yok, III.1987, Rougemont (cRougemont); 1: E Thai: Pimai, III.1983, Rougemont (cRougemont); 1: Sur at Tani Prov., Khao Sok N. P, 70m, 6. XII.1991, P. Schwendiger (MHNG); 1: Tak Prov., Thung Yai Wildlife Sanctuary, 15 o 30’N, 98 o 48’E, oak-bamboo forest, FIT, Brendell (NHML); 1: Song Bae Stream, evergreen rainforest, 18.-27.IV.1988, Brendell (NHML); 1: Trang, Khao Chong, 150m, 17. VIII.1986, P. Schwendinger (MHNG); 1: Phang Nga Prov., Khao Lak Lamru N. P., rainforest near Headquarter, 23.-27. III.2002, E. Heiss (cP). MALAYSIA: 1, 3: Kedah, Pulau Langkawi NW, Datai rainforest, 2.-10. XI.2002, E. Heiss (cP). Länge: 2,4-2,8mm (Vorderkörperlänge: 1,5-1,6mm). PM des von Tete und des von Malaysia (in Klammern): HW: 35(38); DE: 21(22); PW: 27 (29,5); PL: 23 (24); EW: 33 (36); EL: 26 (26); SL: 21 (20). 10. Tergit fein und wenig dicht auf fast glattem Grund punktiert. Seitenstrich des 5. Tergits kaum bis zur Tergitmitte reichend. M ä n n c h e n: 1. Fühlerglied 3x- 3,6x so lang und 1,13-1,2x so breit wie das 10. Glied. 8. Sternit am Hinterrand flach und breit ausgerandet. Aedoeagus (Abb. 91), Medianlobus mit starken Innenhaken und zwei proximalen länglichen Feldern länglicher Zähnchen; Parameren mit 8 apikalen Borsten., Published as part of Puthz, V., 2012, Über die Megalopinus-Arten der Orientalis (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) (26. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Megalopsidiinen), pp. 1373-1430 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 44 (2) on page 1389, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5335645, {"references":["NAOMI S. - I. (1986): A taxonomic study on the subfamily Megalopininae (Coleoptera, Oxyporidae) of Japan, with descriptions oft two new species. - Kontyu 54: 344 - 352."]}

Stictocranius schillhammeri sp.n. (Abb. 16) Ty p en mat er ia l: Holotypus (♀) und 1 ♀ - Paratypus: CHINA: Guizhou: Leishan Co., SE Kaili, NE Leishan, Leiping Shan, E slope, ca. 1600 m, 26°23.39’N, 108°13.33’E, 2,5 km Eof pass, 19. VI.2001, H. Schillhammer (14): im NHMW. Beschreibung: dunkel-kastanienbraun, schwach glänzend, Kopf und Pronotum grob und sehr dicht, Elytren mässig grob, meist dicht punktiert, Abdomen fein, wenig dicht, körnig punktiert; Beborstung lang, anliegend. Fühler rotbraun. Kiefertaster rötlichgelb. Beine hell rötlichbraun. Länge: 2,5 mm (Vorderkörperlänge: 1,3 mm). PM des HT: HW: 63; DE: 48; PW: 57; PL: 55; EW: 77; EL: 71; SL: 57. Männchen: unbekannt. We i b c h e n: 8. Sternit dreieckig verengt, am Hinterrand schmal abgerundet. Valvifer apikal spitz. 10. Tergitschmal abgerundet. Spermatheka (Abb. 16). In den meisten Punkten mit St. sparsepunctatus prinzipiell übereinstimmend, die Punktierung aber überall gröber und erheblich dichter: schon auf der Stirn sind die Punktabstände kleiner als die Punktradien und die Punkte fast so gross wie der basale Querschnitt der Vorderschienen. Fühler kräftig und vergleichsweise kurz, zurückgelegt reichen sie nur bis ins hintere Pronotumdrittel, ihr 5. Glied ist etwa um ein Drittel länger als breit. Am Pronotum sind die Längseindrücke etwas kürzer und die Eindrücke am seitlichen Abfall, auch wegen ihrer groben, äusserst gedrängten Punktierung, viel weniger auffällig; die Punktierung ist überall sehr dicht, hier und da sogar leicht zusammenfliessend, die Punkte sind gut so gross wie der basale Querschnitt der Vorderschienen. Die Elytrenpunktierung ist weniger grob als diejenige des Pronotums, auch wird sie nach aussen im Vergleich zu derjenigen der Innenhälfte etwas feiner und deutlich weitläufiger, die Punktzwischenräume können hier deutlich grösser als die Punkte werden: in ihnen wird eine feine, zerstreute Mikropunktur erkennbar. Am Abdomen trägt das 7. Tergit einen deutlichen apikalen Hautsaum. Die Oberseite ist ungenetzt. Di f f e r e n t i a l d i a g n o s e: Stictocranius schillhammeri sp.n. unterscheidet sich von St. sparsepunctatus sofort durch seine erheblich dichtere Punktierung, überdies durch seine dunklere Färbung. Von St. chinensis PUTHZ, dem die neue Art äusserlich am ähnlichsten sieht, unterscheidet er sich durch den Bau der Spermatheka (vgl. Abb. 11, 12; der Aedoeagus ist leider noch unbekannt) sowie durch deutlich kürzere Fühler (bei St. chinensis ist das 5. Fühlerglied fast doppelt so lang wie breit) und auch durch dichtere Punktierung. Et y m o l o g i e: Ich widme diese neue Art herzlich ihrem unermüdlichen Sammler, meinem lieben Kollegen Dr. Harald Schillhammer, Wien. Von Stenaesthetus chinensis PUTHZ, der nach einem Weibchen von Sichuan beschrieben ist, kenne ich noch folgendes Material: 1♀: Sichuan: Ya’an Pref., Shimian Co., Xiaoxiang Ling, Pass zwischen Shimian und Ganluo, 27 km SE Shimian, 29°03’N, 102°31’E, 2450 m, Quellsumpf, Bachufer, 8. VII. 1999, M. Schülke (cSchülke); 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀: N- Yunnan: Dali Bai Nat. Aut. Pref., Diancang Shan 3 km W Dali old town, 2650 - 2750 m, pine forest at „Cloud Road“ right upper chairlift station, 25°41.1’N, 100°06.8’E, pine needle, moss (dry) in ditches, mushrooms, 30.VIII.2003, M. Schülke (CH 03-10 A) (cSchülke, cP); 1 ♂: Diancang Shan 45 km NW Dali, 26°01.20’N, 99°53.17 E’, creek valley, pines, ferns sifted, 29. V.2007, M. Schülke (09) (cSchülke); 1 ♀: Taiwan: Nantou Hsien: Chosen-lintao, 1500 m, 11.X.1998, H. Sugaya (National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, ex coll. Maruyama). Das Weibchen von Taiwan zeigt eine etwas weitläufigere Elytrenpunktierung als die übrigen Stücke: Vielleicht handelt es sich hier um eine weitere neue Art? Die Spermatheka dieses Exemplars ist aber der eines Weibchens von Sichuan sehr ähnlich., Published as part of Puthz, Volker, 2011, Neue und alte Euaesthetinen (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) 108. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Euaesthetinen, pp. 13-31 in Zeitschrift der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Österreichischen Entomologen 63 on pages 15-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5075650