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The research was conducted in Ecuador, Tungurahua province, canton Pelileo, in order to evaluate the effect of three levels of ruminal content (5, 10 and 15%) in the concentrate to feed guinea pigs during the fattening phase diet, and determine production costs of treatments. The results achieved with the supply of made up 15% of more balanced ruminal contents of cattle, with body both 15 days (763.40 g) and 30 days (935.22 g), at 45 days pesos diet (1095.27 g) and 60 days (1255.34 g); consequently gain was obtained by weight at 15 days (309.00 g), 30 days (480.00 g), 45 days (633.60 g) and 60 days (795.33 g), reporting a FCR both at 15 days (10.00) and 30 days (12.87), at 45 days (17.25) and 60 days (19.42). The assessment of mortality established that no deaths were existed in any treatment until 60 days of the trial. With regard to food consumption, it is concluded that in general the guinea pigs consumed the total mixed feed provided, leaving no residue. The compositional analysis was noted that the ruminal content presented 13.7% ash, 9% (Nx5.7) protein, 12.6% moisture, 0.098% fat, 34.1% crude fiber, 30.5% total carbohydrates and 173 Kcal * 100 g energy. Regarding the microbiological analysis, it was established that introduced 4.1 x 107 CFU / g of aerobic mesophilic bacteria 1.4 x 104 CFU / g of molds, 6.0 x 103 CFU / g of yeast, whose presence is low, also reported 30 (e) CFU / g of total coliforms

La investigacion se realizo en Ecuador, provincia de Tungurahua, canton Pelileo, con el proposito de evaluar el efecto de tres niveles de contenido ruminal (5, 10 y 15%) en la dieta concentrada para alimentar cuyes durante la etapa de engorde, y determinar los costos de produccion de los tratamientos. Los resultados logrados con el suministro de la dieta conformada por 15% de contenido ruminal de bovinos mas balanceado, con pesos corporales tanto a los 15 dias (763.40 g), como a los 30 dias (935.22 g), a los 45 dias (1095.27 g) y a los 60 dias (1255.34 g), consecuentemente se obtuvo ganancia en peso a los 15 dias (309.00 g), a los 30 dias (480.00 g), a los 45 dias (633.60 g) y a los 60 dias (795.33 g), reportando una conversion alimenticia tanto a los 15 dias (10.00), como a los 30 dias (12.87), a los 45 dias (17.25) y a los 60 dias (19.42). La evaluacion de la mortalidad permitio establecer que no se existieron decesos en ningun tratamiento hasta los 60 dias que duro el ensayo. Con respecto a consumo de alimento, se concluye que, en general los cuyes consumieron el total de alimento mixto proporcionado, sin dejar residuos. Del analisis bromatologico se observo que, el contenido ruminal presento 13.7% de cenizas, 9% (Nx5.7) de proteina, 12.6% de humedad, 0.098% de grasa, 34.1% de fibra cruda, 30.5% de carbohidratos totales y 173 Kcal*100 g de energia. En relacion al analisis microbiologico, se establecio que, presento 4.1 x 107 UFC/g de aerobios mesofilos, 1.4 x 104 UFC/g de mohos, 6.0 x 103 UFC/g de levaduras, cuya presencia es baja; igualmente se reporta 30(e) UFC/g de coliformes totales

La presente investigacion se la realizo con el objetivo de determinar los efectos sobre los parametros productivos al incorporar harina de papa china (Colocasia esculenta L.) como materia prima en la elaboracion de dietas para cerdos post destete, tomando en cuenta tambien los costos de produccion. En este sentido se desarrollo tres formulaciones balanceadas con inclusion del 10, 20 y 30% de harina de Colocasia esculenta L. (B1-B2 y B3 respectivamente), para ser comparadas frente a una formulacion convencional (B0). Se utilizaron 16 cerdos raza Large White x Pietrain de 30 dias de edad y un peso vivo entre 7-10 kg. El experimento se llevo a cabo bajo un diseno de parcelas divididas, distribuidos en 4 tratamientos y 4 repeticiones, con dos replicas. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron con el paquete estadistico MiniTab® 2000. En cuanto a los resultados, se reporta un peso final de 25.28 Kg, correspondiente al tratamiento B2 (20 % de harina Colocasia esculenta L), mientras que para B1, B0 y B3 se encontro pesos de 24.19 kg; 23,44 kg; y 22.87 kg respectivamente. Un comportamiento similar se observo en la ganancia de peso, mostrando B2: 15.93 kg, diferente estadisticamente (p

This investigation was made in order to determine the effects on production by incorporating Chinese potato flour (Colocasia esculenta L.) as a raw material in the production of pig diets post weaning parameters, taking into account production costs. In this sense balanced three formulations including 10, 20 and 30% flour Colocasia esculenta L. (B1-B2 and B3 respectively), to be compared against a standard formulation (B0) was developed. 16 pigs Large White x Pietrain 30 days old and live weight 7-10 kg were used. The experiment was conducted under a split plot design, distributed in 4 treatments and 4 replicates with two replicas. The results were analyzed with the statistical package Minitab 2000. As for the results, a final weight of 25.28 kg is reported, for the treatment B2 (20% flour Colocasia esculenta L), while for B1, B0 B3 and weights of 24.19 kg was found; 23.44 kg; and 22.87 kg respectively. A similar behavior was observed in weight gain, showing B2: 15.93 kg, statistically different (p

Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de Ohtahara (SO, OMIM#308350, ORPHA1934) es una encefalopatía epiléptica de inicio precoz (EEIP) caracterizada por espasmos, crisis epilépticas intratables, un trazado electroencefalográfico de brote-supresión y retraso psicomotor grave. En la mayoría de los pacientes con SO se han identificado mutaciones en el gen STXBP1, que codifica para la proteína de unión a sintaxina 1 y que está implicado en el mecanismo de exocitosis de las vesículas sinápticas. Paciente y resultados: Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de 19 meses de edad diagnosticado de SO en el que se ha identificado una mutación no descrita (c.1249 + 2T > C, G417AfsX7) en el gen STXBP1. La mutación está localizada en uno de los sitios donadores implicados en el procesamiento del ARNm del gen, lo que produce la pérdida del exón 14 y el posterior truncamiento de la proteína que codifica. Conclusiones: Esta nueva mutación en el gen STXBP1, identificada en un paciente sin lesión cerebral estructural subyacente, amplía el espectro mutacional asociado a este devastador síndrome epiléptico. Abstract: Introduction: Ohtahara syndrome (OS, OMIM#308350, ORPHA1934) is an early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) characterised by spasms, intractable seizures, suppression-burst pattern on the electroencephalogram, and severe psychomotor retardation. Mutations in STXBP1 —a gene that codes for syntaxin binding protein 1 and is involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis— has been identified in most patients with OS. Patient and results: We report the case of a 19-month-old child with OS who displays a previously unreported mutation in STXBP1 (c.1249 + 2T > C, G417AfsX7). This mutation is located in a donor splice site and eliminates exon 14, resulting in a truncated protein. Conclusion: This previously unreported STXBP1 mutation in a subject with Ohtahara syndrome and non-lesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) broadens the mutational spectrum associated with this devastating epileptic syndrome. Palabras clave: Genética clínica, Encefalopatía epiléptica de inicio precoz, Epilepsia, Síndrome de Ohtahara, STXBP1, Keywords: Clinical genetics, Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, Epilepsy, Ohtahara syndrome, STXBP1

Introduction: Ohtahara syndrome (OS, OMIM #308350, ORPHA1934) is an early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) characterised by spasms, intractable seizures, suppression-burst pattern on the electroencephalogram, and severe psychomotor retardation. Mutations in STXBP1 – a gene that codes for syntaxin binding protein 1 and is involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis – has been identified in most patients with OS. Patient and results: We report the case of a 19-month-old child with OS who displays a previously unreported mutation in STXBP1 (c.1249+2T>C, G417AfsX7). This mutation is located in a donor splice site and eliminates exon 14, resulting in a truncated protein. Conclusion: This previously unreported STXBP1 mutation in a subject with Ohtahara syndrome and non-lesional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) broadens the mutational spectrum associated with this devastating epileptic syndrome. Resumen: Introducción: El síndrome de Ohtahara (SO, OMIM #308350, ORPHA1934) es una encefalopatía epiléptica de inicio precoz (EEIP) caracterizada por espasmos, crisis epilépticas intratables, un trazado electroencefalográfico de brote-supresión y retraso psicomotor grave. En la mayoría de los pacientes con SO se han identificado mutaciones en el gen STXBP1, que codifica para la proteína de unión a sintaxina 1 y que está implicado en el mecanismo de exocitosis de las vesículas sinápticas. Paciente y resultados: Se presenta el caso clínico de un varón de 19 meses de edad diagnosticado de SO en el que se ha identificado una mutación no descrita (c.1249+2T>C, G417AfsX7) en el gen STXBP1. La mutación está localizada en uno de los sitios donadores implicados en el procesamiento del ARNm del gen, lo que produce la pérdida del exón 14 y el posterior truncamiento de la proteína que codifica. Conclusiones: Esta nueva mutación en el gen STXBP1, identificada en un paciente sin lesión cerebral estructural subyacente, amplía el espectro mutacional asociado a este devastador síndrome epiléptico. Keywords: Clinical genetics, Early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, Epilepsy, Ohtahara syndrome, STXBP1, Palabras clave: Genética clínica, Encefalopatía epiléptica de inicio precoz, Epilepsia, Síndrome de Ohtahara, STXBP1

Background Injury patterns may differ in trauma patients when age is considered. This information is relevant in the management of trauma patients and for planning preventive measures. Methods We included in the study all patients admitted for traumatic disease in the participating ICUs from November 23rd, 2012 to July 31st, 2015 with complete records. Data on epidemiology, injury patterns, severity scores, acute management, resources utilisation and outcome were recorded and compared in the following groups of age: ≤ 55 years (young adults), 56–65 years (adults), 66–75 years (elderly), > 75 years (very elderly). Quantitative data were reported as median (Interquartile Range (IQR) 25–75) and categorical data as number and percentage. Comparison between groups of age with quantitative variables was performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Differences between groups with categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. A value of p Results We included 2700 patients (78.9% male). Median age was 46 (31–62) years. Blunt trauma was present in 93.7% of the patients. Median RTS was 7.55 (5.97–7.84). Median ISS was 20 (13–26). High-energy trauma secondary to motor-vehicle accident with rhabdomyolysis and drugs abuse showed an inverse linear association with ageing, whilst pedestrian falls with isolated brain injury, being run-over and pre-injury antiplatelets or anticoagulant treatment increased with age (in all cases p Conclusions Different injury patterns exist in relation with ageing in trauma ICU patients. Adult patients were more likely to present high-energy trauma with significant injuries in different areas whilst elderly patients were prone to low-energy falls, complicated by antiplatelets or anticoagulants use, resulting in severe brain injury and increased mortality.

Objective To describe the characteristics and management of severe trauma disease in Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Registry of trauma in the ICU (RETRAUCI) . Pilot phase. Design A prospective, multicenter registry. Setting Thirteen Spanish ICUs. Patients Patients with trauma disease admitted to the ICU. Interventions None. Main variables of interest Epidemiology, out-of-hospital attention, registry of injuries, resources utilization, complications and outcome were evaluated. Results Patients, n = 2242. Mean age 47.1 ± 19.02 years. Males 79%. Blunt trauma 93.9%. Injury Severity Score 22.2 ± 12.1, Revised Trauma Score 6.7 ± 1.6. Non-intentional in 84.4% of the cases. The most common causes of trauma were traffic accidents followed by pedestrian and high-energy falls. Up to 12.4% were taking antiplatelet medication or anticoagulants. Almost 28% had a suspected or confirmed toxic influence in trauma. Up to 31.5% required an out-of-hospital artificial airway. The time from trauma to ICU admission was 4.7 ± 5.3 h. At ICU admission, 68.5% were hemodynamically stable. Brain and chest injuries predominated. A large number of complications were documented. Mechanical ventilation was used in 69.5% of the patients (mean 8.2 ± 9.9 days), of which 24.9% finally required a tracheostomy. The median duration of stay in the ICU and in hospital was 5 (range 3–13) and 9 (5–19) days, respectively. The ICU mortality rate was 12.3%, while the in-hospital mortality rate was 16.0%. Conclusions The pilot phase of the RETRAUCI offers a first impression of the epidemiology and management of trauma disease in Spanish ICUs.

Resumen Objetivo Describir las caracteristicas de la enfermedad traumatica grave (ETG) y su atencion en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) espanolas. Diseno Registro multicentrico y prospectivo. Ambito Trece UCI espanolas. Pacientes Pacientes con ETG ingresados en UCI participantes. Intervenciones Ninguna. Variables de interes principales Aspectos epidemiologicos, atencion prehospitalaria, registro de lesiones, consumo de recursos, complicaciones y evolucion final. Resultados Se incluyo a 2.242 pacientes con 47,1 ± 19,02 anos de edad media, 79% hombres. Fue trauma contuso en 93,9%. El Injury Severity Score fue de 22,2 ± 12,1 y el Revised Trauma Score de 6,7 ± 1,6. Fue no intencionado en el 84,4%. Las causas mas frecuentes fueron accidentes de trafico, caidas y precipitaciones. Un 12,4% tomaban antiagregantes o anticoagulantes y en casi un 28% se implico el consumo de toxicos. Un 31,5% precisaron una via aerea artificial en medio prehospitalario. El tiempo medio hasta el ingreso en UCI fue de 4,7 ± 5,3 h. Al ingreso en UCI un 68,5% se encontraba estable hemodinamicamente. Predomino el traumatismo craneal y toracico. Hubo un importante numero de complicaciones y en el 69,5% de los casos necesidad de ventilacion mecanica (media 8,2 ± 9,9 dias). De ellos, un 24,9% precisaron traqueotomia. Las estancias en UCI y hospitalarias fueron respectivamente de mediana 5 (3-13) dias y 9 (5-19) dias. La mortalidad en UCI fue del 12,3% y la hospitalaria del 16%. Conclusiones La fase piloto del RETRAUCI muestra una imagen inicial de la epidemiologia y atencion del paciente con ETG ingresado en las UCI de nuestro pais.

We evaluated the predictive ability of mechanism, Glasgow coma scale, age and arterial pressure (MGAP), Glasgow coma scale, age and systolic blood pressure (GAP), and triage-revised trauma Score (T-RTS) scores in patients from the Spanish trauma ICU registry using the trauma and injury severity score (TRISS) as a reference standard. Patients admitted for traumatic disease in the participating ICU were included. Quantitative data were reported as median [interquartile range (IQR), categorical data as number (percentage)]. Comparisons between groups with quantitative variables and categorical variables were performed using Student’s T Test and Chi Square Test, respectively. We performed receiving operating curves (ROC) and evaluated the area under the curve (AUC) with its 95 % confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values and accuracy were evaluated in all the scores. A value of p

Objective To analyze outcomes and factors related to mortality among very elderly trauma patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) participating in the Spanish trauma ICU registry. Design A multicenter nationwide registry. Retrospective analysis. November 2012–May 2017. Setting Participating ICUs. Patients Trauma patients aged ≥80 years. Interventions None. Main variables of interest The outcomes and influence of limitation of life sustaining therapy (LLST) were analyzed. Comparisons were established using the Wilcoxon test, Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze variables related to mortality. A p-value Results The mean patient age was 83.4 ± 3.3 years; 281 males (60.4%). Low-energy falls were the mechanisms of injury in 256 patients (55.1%). The mean ISS was 20.5 ± 11.1, with a mean ICU stay of 7.45 ± 9.9 days. The probability of survival based on the TRISS methodology was 69.8 ± 29.7%. The ICU mortality rate was 15.5%, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 19.2%. The main cause of mortality was intracranial hypertension (42.7%). The ISS, the need for first- and second-tier measures to control intracranial pressure, and being admitted to the ICU for organ donation were independent mortality predictors. LLST was applied in 128 patients (27.9%). Patients who received LLST were older, with more severe trauma, and with more severe brain injury. Conclusions Very elderly trauma ICU patients presented mortality rates lower than predicted on the basis of the severity of injury.

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1-DS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in SLC2A1, resulting in impaired glucose uptake through the blood-brain barrier. Our objective is to analyze the frequency of GLUT1-DS in patients with absences with atypical features. Sequencing analysis and detection of copy number variation of the SLC2A1 gene was carried out in patients with atypical absences including: early-onset absence, intellectual disability, additional seizure types, refractory epilepsy, associated movement disorders, as well as those who have first-degree relatives with absence epilepsy or atypical EEG ictal discharges. Of the 43 patients analyzed, pathogenic variations were found in 2 (4.6%). Six atypical characteristics were found in these 2 patients. The greater the number of atypical characteristics presenting in patients with absence seizures, the more likely they have a SLC2A1 mutation. Although GLUT1-DS is an infrequent cause of absence epilepsy, recognizing this disorder is important, since initiation of a ketogenic diet can reduce the frequency of seizures, the severity of the movement disorder, and also improve the quality of life of the patients and their families.

To estimate avoidable mortality, potential years of life lost and economic costs associated with particulate matter PMThe health impact assessment method was followed. This method consists of: identification of health effects, selection of concentration-response functions, estimation of exposure, quantification of impacts quantification and economic assessment using the willingness to pay and human capital approaches.For 2013, we included data from 62 monitoring sites in ten cities, (113 municipalities) where 36,486,201 live. In 2015, we included 71 monitoring sites from fifteen cities (121 municipalities) and 40,479,629 inhabitants. It was observed that reduction in the annual PMReducing PM

Background Genetic generalised epilepsy is the most common type of inherited epilepsy. Despite a high concordance rate of 80% in monozygotic twins, the genetic background is still poorly understood. We aimed to investigate the burden of rare genetic variants in genetic generalised epilepsy. Methods For this exome-based case-control study, we used three different genetic generalised epilepsy case cohorts and three independent control cohorts, all of European descent. Cases included in the study were clinically evaluated for genetic generalised epilepsy. Whole-exome sequencing was done for the discovery case cohort, a validation case cohort, and two independent control cohorts. The replication case cohort underwent targeted next-generation sequencing of the 19 known genes encoding subunits of GABAA receptors and was compared to the respective GABAA receptor variants of a third independent control cohort. Functional investigations were done with automated two-microelectrode voltage clamping in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Findings Statistical comparison of 152 familial index cases with genetic generalised epilepsy in the discovery cohort to 549 ethnically matched controls suggested an enrichment of rare missense (Nonsyn) variants in the ensemble of 19 genes encoding GABAA receptors in cases (odds ratio [OR] 2·40 [95% CI 1·41–4·10]; pNonsyn=0·0014, adjusted pNonsyn=0·019). Enrichment for these genes was validated in a whole-exome sequencing cohort of 357 sporadic and familial genetic generalised epilepsy cases and 1485 independent controls (OR 1·46 [95% CI 1·05–2·03]; pNonsyn=0·0081, adjusted pNonsyn=0·016). Comparison of genes encoding GABAA receptors in the independent replication cohort of 583 familial and sporadic genetic generalised epilepsy index cases, based on candidate-gene panel sequencing, with a third independent control cohort of 635 controls confirmed the overall enrichment of rare missense variants for 15 GABAA receptor genes in cases compared with controls (OR 1·46 [95% CI 1·02–2·08]; pNonsyn=0·013, adjusted pNonsyn=0·027). Functional studies for two selected genes (GABRB2 and GABRA5) showed significant loss-of-function effects with reduced current amplitudes in four of seven tested variants compared with wild-type receptors. Interpretation Functionally relevant variants in genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits constitute a significant risk factor for genetic generalised epilepsy. Examination of the role of specific gene groups and pathways can disentangle the complex genetic architecture of genetic generalised epilepsy.

ObjectiveValidation of the intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) score in patients with a diagnosis of spontaneous ICH admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsA multicentre cohort study was conducted in all consecutive patients with ICH admitted to the ICUs of three hospitals with a neurosurgery department between 2009 and 2012 in Andalusia, Spain. Data collected included ICH, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE-II) scores. Demographic data, location and volume of haematoma and 30-day mortality rate were also collated.ResultsA total of 336 patients were included. 105 of whom underwent surgery. Median (IQR) age: 62 (50–70) years. APACHE-II: 21(15–26) points, GCS: 7 (4–11) points, ICH score: 2 (2–3) points. 11.1% presented with bilateral mydriasis on admission (mortality rate=100%). Intraventricular haemorrhage was observed in 58.9% of patients. In-hospital mortality was 54.17% while the APACHE-II predicted mortality was 57.22% with a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.95 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.09) and a Hosmer-Lemenshow test value (H) of 3.62 (no significant statistical difference, n.s.). 30-day mortality was 52.38% compared with the ICH score predicted mortality of 48.79%, SMR: 1.07 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.23), n.s. Mortality was higher than predicted at the lowest scores and lower than predicted in the more severe patients, (H=55.89, pConclusionsICH score shows an acceptable discrimination as a tool to predict mortality rates in patients with spontaneous ICH admitted to the ICU, but its calibration is suboptimal.

Tesis-Universidad de Murcia., Consulte la tesis en: BCA. GENERAL. ARCHIVO UNIVERSITARIO. T.M. 2898.

To show lung cancer (LC) mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Mexico.With the visualization tools at the Global Burden of Disease Study website, we analyzed LC mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by state, sex, socio- demographic index (SDI), age, and risk factors between 1990 and 2016.Mortality rate decreased from 13.9 to 9.1 per 100 000 between 1990 and 2016. This reduction is greater among men. However, deaths by LC rose from 5 478 to 8 470. DALYs rate also decreased. Northern states with higher SDI face a larger burden from LC but exhibited greater reductions compared with southern, less developed states. The burden of LC is concentrated among older population. Smoking is the main risk factor for LC.The burden by LC has decreased but is differential between states. LC threatens financially both the health system and individuals, since an important fraction of the population is not protected.Mostrar la mortalidad y los años de vida saluda- bles (Avisas) perdidos por cáncer de pulmón (CP) en México.Con la herramienta de visualización del estudio de la Carga Global de la Enfermedad, se analizó mortalidad y Avisas por CP según diferentes criterios entre 1990 y 2016.La tasa de mortalidad disminuyó de 13.9 a 9.1 por 100 000. Dicha reducción fue mayor entre hombres. Las muertes por CP crecieron de 5 478 a 8 470. La tasa de Avisas se redujo. La carga del CP se concentra en grupos de edad avanzada. Los estados del norte, con mayor nivel sociodemográfico, enfrentan mayor carga, pero presen- taron mayores reducciones comparados con estados menos desarrollados. Fumar es el principal factor de riesgo para CP.La carga por CP ha disminuido pero es diferencial entre estados. El CP amenaza financieramente el sistema de salud y la población, pues una fracción importante no está protegida.

Datos apuntan que el nivel de pobreza en las áreas rurales de Colombia es muy alto. En el Departamento del Cauca, por ejemplo, se tiene la segunda distribución de tierras más desigual de todo el país. De la misma manera los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales presentan elevados niveles de atraso. Aunque se han logrado avances importantes en materia constitucional, legislativa e institucional para los grupos étnicos, con los matices propios de cada uno, las realidades económicas y sociales de los mismos, dejan entrever la necesidad de influir sobre estas realidades para reducir y eliminar la brecha entre los avances para la resolución de conflictos y cambios en las realidades mencionadas. La adopción de un cultivo ancestral como es la quinua, con gran aceptación en los mercados nacional e Internacional, es una oportunidad para aumentar el área sembrada y mejorar la producción de grano, generando mayores ingresos y oportunidades a la comunidad indígena Yanacona del Corregimiento de Guachicono, Municipio de La Vega, en el Departamento del Cauca. Además, se puede considerar que este grano tiene un elevado potencial por sus importantes beneficios en salud, nutrición, por su cantidad y calidad a nivel proteico. Con la aplicación de abonos orgánicos y la diversificación de cultivos se reducen los costos de producción, mejorando las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas del suelo, favoreciendo la aireación, estructura, porosidad y capacidad de retención de agua, manteniendo un equilibrio para el control de plagas y enfermedades. Por lo tanto, el cultivo de la quinua es una alternativa de producción amigable con el ambiente y sostenible en el tiempo. //Abstract: Several data reporting that the level of poverty in Colombian rural areas is very high. In the Department of Cauca there is the second most unequal land distribution in Colombia. In the same way economic, social and cultural rights present high levels of backwardness. Although the country has made significant progress in constitutional, legislative and institutional matters for ethnic groups, with the nuances of each, the economic and social realities of them, suggest the need to influence these realities to reduce and eliminate the gap between the advances for the resolution of conflict and changes in the mentioned realities. The adoption of an ancestral crop such as quinoa, with great acceptance in the national and international markets, is an opportunity to increase the area planted and improve grain production, generating greater income and opportunities for the indigenous community Yanacona del Corregimiento de Guachicono, Municipality of La Vega, in the Department of Cauca. In addition, it can be considered that this grain has a high potential for its important benefits in health, nutrition, for its quantity and quality at the protein level. With the application of organic fertilizers and crop diversification, production costs are reduced, improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, favoring aeration, structure, porosity and water retention capacity, maintaining a balance for the control of plagues and diseases. Therefore, the cultivation of quinoa is an alternative for environmentally friendly and sustainable production. Doctorado

Este libro recopila un conjunto de ejemplos de programación paralela, presentados de forma didáctica a modo de ejercicios resueltos.Las herramientas utilizadas son OpenMP y MPI,dos de las más utilizadas en la actualidad para la implementación de algoritmos paralelos. Los algoritmos paralelos se emplean para aprovechar al máximo la capacidad de los computadores paralelos actuales.OpenMP es un sistema de programación basado en directivas de compilador apropiado para computadores de memoria compartida, tales como los procesadores multinúcleo.Por su parte, MPI se utiliza para la programación de computadores paralelos de memoria distribuida, ejemplo de los cuales son los clusters: un conjunto de ordenadores conectados mediante una red que se pueden utilizar simultáneamente para resolver problemas de gran coste computacional. El libro se dirige a estudiantes universitarios o profesionales con interés en la programación paralela. A diferencia de otros libros, la orientación es muy práctica, mostrándose casos que se pueden encontrar habitualmente. Para poder seguir el libro es necesario tener conocimientos de programación en lenguaje C

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration caused by GRN mutations is mainly associated with a TDP-43 type A proteinopathy. We present a family with autosomal dominant frontotemporal lobar degeneration caused by a novel GRN nonsense mutation (c.5G>A: p.Trp2*) in which the proband's brain also showed prominent glial tauopathy consistent with an aging-related tau astrogliopathy. Astrocytic tauopathy, 4R(+) and 3R(-) immunoreactive, was characterized by thorn-shaped astrocytes present in subpial, subependymal, and perivascular areas, and in gray matter; plus granular or fuzzy tau immunoreactivity in astrocytic processes in gray matter, either solitary or clustered in different regions. Some neurofibrillary tangles and pretangles, both 3R and 4R(+), were present in the medial temporal lobe but did not exhibit the characteristic distribution of Alzheimer's type pathology. This 4R-tau aging-related tau astrogliopathy is likely a co-occurring pathology, although an interaction between progranulin and tau proteins within the neurodegenerative process should not be ruled out.

The objective of the study was to estimate the productivity loss by premature death, absenteeism and presenteeism attributable to sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Mexico in 2014. We used population attributable fractions due to SSBs for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancers. We gathered information from a variety of publicly available sources: mortality data from the National Institute of Statistics and Geography; hospital discharges and outpatient visits from the Health Ministry; and productivity (measured in wages earned) from the National Occupation and Employment Survey. We estimated a total productivity loss of 1426.6 million USD attributable to SSB consumption. 56.9% of the attributable productivity loss was due to premature mortality and 41.1% was reduced productivity through presenteeism. Diabetes was the main cause of productivity loss (92.1% of premature death-related productivity loss and 99.8% from presenteeism). SSB consumption leads to a considerable loss of productivity in Mexico. Findings emphasize the need to strengthen fiscal policies to reduce or eliminate these indirect costs associated with SSB consumption.

Background Tobacco use causes acute and chronic diseases such as acute myocardial infarction (ICD-10: I21), cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10: I60-I69), lung cancer (ICD-10: C34) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ICD-10: J40-J44) that lead to direct and indirect costs. The latter include lost productivity due to premature death and absenteeism, among others. The objective of this study was to estimate lost productivity attributable to tobacco by premature death and absenteeism caused by hospitalizations. Methods I used mortality microdata published by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography and hospital discharge microdata by the Directorate General of Health Information for 2014. In order to estimate productivity, I used the National Occupation and Employment Survey for 2014. Productivity was estimated using the human capital approach, calculating the expected wage by sex, age, region and quarter. Productivity loss by premature death was calculated as the sum of discounted future flows of wages until expected age of death in persons that died by the diseases of interest defined above. Productivity loss by absenteeism was calculated as the product of days at hospital and mean wage, according to sex, age, region and quarter. Population Attributable Fractions from previous literature for Mexico were used to estimate the costs attributable to tobacco. Results I estimated a total of 2859.49 million USD productivity loss by premature death and 7.56 million USD by absenteeism caused by hospitalization in 2014. Conclusions In addition to medical expenditures, tobacco use causes enormous productivity loss. These results do not include productivity loss by absenteeism caused by doctor visits or presenteeism, which can be much larger.

The SORL1 gene encodes a protein involved in the amyloidogenic process, and its variants have been associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) physiopathology. We screened for SORL1 variants in 124 familial (44 early- and 80 late-onset) dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) cases. Nine potentially pathogenic changes (three not previously reported and six rare variants) were found in nine probands (7%). After screening the control population and siblings (presence in at least 1/200 controls and/or absence of segregation pattern), a causal relationship with the disease was considered unlikely in six variants and uncertain in one. The change Trp848Ter and a splice-site variant remained likely correlated with the disease. SORL1 mutations are present in 7% of our familial DAT cohort, though in most cases cannot be considered the direct cause of the disease.

The neutrality of Spain during First World War brought with it a significant economic growth. Then, Spain timidly joined the town planning forums of meetings, debates and exchanges that took place in the post-war European era. Some Spanish public institutions as the Instituto de Reformas Sociales, responsible for the social housing policy, and the City Councils of Madrid, Barcelona and Bilbao, which tried to order their development; private institutions such as the Compañía Madrileña de Urbanización, promoter of the Madrid Linear City by Arturo Soria, and the Civic Society Ciudat Jardí in Barcelona, diffuser of the Garden City movement in Catalonia; and the first Town Planning Professor in the School of Architecture of Madrid, César Cort, attended different congresses looking for a solution to the housing problem along with the town planning extension issue. The aim of this paper is to show the Spanish town planners and technicians who participated in the international urban networks in order to consolidate the Spanish urbanism through the new technical, theoretical and legal tools that were being implemented in Europe. They also attended to proudly show some Spanish advances., International Planning History Society Proceedings, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2018): Looking at the World History of Planning

Determina de qué manera el Kaizen como un proceso de mejora continua, contribuye con el aseguramiento la calidad educativa en las instituciones educativas superiores de Guayaquil y Quito en el Ecuador, periodo 2015 - 2016. Desarrolla una investigación, descriptiva y cuantitativa correlacional. Se emplea la prueba de Friedman en la metodología para el contraste de hipótesis. Utiliza una muestra probabilística de 150 participantes seleccionados al azar: directivos, autoridades docentes y administrativos. Como instrumentos emplea la encuesta, los registros y fuentes. Concluye que el Kaizen es un proceso de mejora continua que contribuye con el aseguramiento de la calidad educativa en las instituciones; herramientas que promueven el pensamiento crítico y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes. La aplicación de este esquema constituye una experiencia enriquecedora, motivadora y gratificante, mejora la comunicación y colaboración de los estudiantes entre sí, y facilita la relación entre estudiantes y profesores; además, aprovecha las ventajas de las TIC. Tesis

Objective Validation of the intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) score in patients with a diagnosis of spontaneous ICH admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Results A total of 336 patients were included. 105 of whom underwent surgery. Median (IQR) age: 62 (50–70) years. APACHE-II: 21(15–26) points, GCS: 7 (4–11) points, ICH score: 2 (2–3) points. 11.1% presented with bilateral mydriasis on admission (mortality rate=100%). Intraventricular haemorrhage was observed in 58.9% of patients. In-hospital mortality was 54.17% while the APACHE-II predicted mortality was 57.22% with a standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 0.95 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.09) and a Hosmer-Lemenshow test value (H) of 3.62 (no significant statistical difference, n.s.). 30-day mortality was 52.38% compared with the ICH score predicted mortality of 48.79%, SMR: 1.07 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.23), n.s. Mortality was higher than predicted at the lowest scores and lower than predicted in the more severe patients, (H=55.89, p

La Investigación parte del Problema: ¿Cómo el incumplimiento de la imputación concreta, influyó en las garantías fundamentales en los delitos de lesiones imprudentes en el año 2014, en los casos evaluados en la Segunda Sala Penal de Huancayo?; siendo el Objetivo: Verificar empírica y directamente la vulneración al principio de imputación concreta en dichos casos y la subsecuente afectación de garantías; La Investigación es del Tipo: Básico; Nivel Explicativo; Se utilizó para contrastar la Hipótesis, los Métodos: Inductivo-deductivo y de análisis-síntesis; Métodos Particulares Exegético, Sistemático y teleológico: Con un Diseño No experimental correlacional/causal y con una muestra poblacional. Para la Recolección de Información se usó el Análisis Documental, análisis de Contenido y análisis Micro-comparativo; llegándose a la conclusión que el incumplimiento de la imputación concreta, en los delitos por lesiones imprudentes (causa) vulneró garantías fundamentales (consecuencia), estudio que es un aporte trascendente (inédito) para resolver el problema. Tesis

Introducción. 1n los últimos años, se ha prestado considerable atención a los efectos adversos de la contaminación atmosférica sobre la salud, por lo que es importante ver su impacto en la población, sobre todo en niños. Objetivo: Valorar aspectos del medio ambiente de niños escolares de la comunidad de San Rafael (desde el enfoque de los padres) y su salud. Metodología. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo transversal. Se encuestaron a los padres de 207 niños en la Comunidad de San Rafael municipio de El Marqués, Querétaro. Se aplicó encuesta a los padres de niños menores de 12 años, cuestionando aspectos de salud y del medio ambiente en que vive la familia. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva usando SPSS v20. Se consideró el uso del consentimiento informado por parte de los padres. Resultados. Se encontraron manifestaciones gastrointestinales, de vías respiratorias y de la piel en los niños. Los padres refirieron que los 40% niños han presentado diarrea, el 34% ha presentado dolor de garganta y el 33% ronchas. Al realizar un cruce de variables, se pudo observar una posible relación entre las condiciones del ambiente y la salud de los niños. Conclusión. Es necesario que el personal de enfermería considere una valoración y educación más aguda de la familia de los niños, de manera tal que se pueda trabajar en aquellos factores ambientales que pueden ser modificables y que permitan que los niños no presenten múltiples síntomas o enfermedades. LUXMÉDICA, AÑO 10, NÚME- RO 31, SEPTIEMBRE-DICIEMBRE 2015 PP 3-10

Objective To analyze the efficacy of negative fluid balance in hypoxemic patients with an elevated extravascular lung water index (EVLWI). Design A retrospective observational study was made. Setting Intensive Care Unit of Virgen de las Nieves Hospital (Spain). Participants Forty-four patients participated in the study. Interventions We analyzed our database of hypoxemic patients covering a period of 11 consecutive months. We included all hemodynamically stable and hypoxemic patients with EVLWI > 9 ml/kg. The protocol dictates a negative fluid balance between 500 and 1500 ml/day. We analyzed the impact of this negative fluid balance strategy upon pulmonary, hemodynamic, and renal function. Main variables of interest Demographic data, severity scores, clinical, hemodynamic, pulmonary, metabolic and renal function data. Results Thirty-three patients achieved negative fluid balance (NFB group) and 11 had a positive fluid balance (PFB group). In the former group, PaO2/FiO2 improved from 145 (IQR 106, 200) to 210 mm Hg (IQR 164, 248) (p

The use of breast cancer mammography screening has allowed detection of a greater number of small carcinomas, and this has facilitated treatment by minimally invasive techniques. Microwave energy is a promising alternative treatment because it can preferentially heat and damage high-water-content breast carcinomas. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using this technique to treat breast cancer, a coaxial slot antenna computer simulation based on an axisymmetric finite element method (FEM) model was used to compare heating differences between cancer and normal breast tissue. Three FEM computer models were developed: in one of them, the coaxial slot antenna was immersed only in homogeneous breast tissue; for the second one, the antenna was immersed only in cancer tissue; for the third one, the antenna was inserted into malignant tissue surrounded by breast tissue. According to the results, the computer modeling demonstrated that the difference in dielectric properties and thermal parameters between malignant and normal adipose-dominated tissue was able to cause preferential heating of tumors during microwave ablation. Furthermore, the ablation zone radius was 42 % larger in the tumor than in low-water-content adipose tissue. Even though this technique requires further research, it is a promising minimally invasive modality for the local treatment of breast cancer.

Traumatic disease is a major public health concern. Monitoring the quality of services provided is essential for the maintenance and improvement thereof. Assessing and monitoring the quality of care in trauma patient through quality indicators would allow identifying opportunities for improvement whose implementation would improve outcomes in hospital mortality, functional outcomes and quality of life of survivors. Many quality indicators have been used in this condition, although very few ones have a solid level of scientific evidence to recommend their routine use. The information contained in the trauma registries, spread around the world in recent decades, is essential to know the current health care reality, identify opportunities for improvement and contribute to the clinical and epidemiological research.

Quality of trauma care and trauma registries Abstract Traumatic disease is a major public health concern. Monitoring the quality of services provided is essential for the maintenance and improvement thereof. Assessing and monitoring the quality of care in trauma patient through quality indicators would allow identifying oppor- tunities for improvement whose implementation would improve outcomes in hospital mortality, functional outcomes and quality of life of survivors. Many quality indicators have been used in

International audience; OBJECTIVE: There is controversy about the clinical consequences of intermediate alleles (IAs) in Huntington disease (HD). The main objective of this study was to establish the clinical manifestations of IA carriers for a prospective, international, European HD registry.METHODS: We assessed a cohort of participants at risk with RESULTS: Of 12,190 participants, 657 (5.38%) with CONCLUSIONS: Although aging worsened the UHDRS scores independently of the genetic status, IAs might confer a late-onset abnormal motor and cognitive phenotype. These results might have important implications for genetic counseling.CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT01590589.