301. The Gaia-ESO Survey: Galactic evolution of sulphur and zinc
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P. Francois, C. Babusiaux, S. G. Sousa, Matthias Steffen, B. Tang, Rodolfo Smiljanic, A. Hourihane, Ettore Flaccomio, F. M. Jiménez-Esteban, Sergei M. Andrievsky, M. T. Costado, Thomas Bensby, Norbert Christlieb, Keith Hawkins, Paula Jofre, Paolo Donati, Jack Lewis, Lorenzo Spina, Á. Skúladóttir, E. Franciosini, Stefania Salvadori, Giovanni Carraro, Carmela Lardo, A. Mott, Laura Magrini, S. Blanco-Cuaresma, Sofia Feltzing, C. C. Worley, Grazina Tautvaisiene, Simone Zaggia, F. Damiani, Antonella Vallenari, S. A. Korotin, Elena Pancino, Gerard Gilmore, S. Duffau, Elisabetta Caffau, Hans-Günter Ludwig, A. J. Gallagher, Camilla Juul Hansen, Francesco Calura, Luca Sbordone, L. Morbidelli, Amelia Bayo, Andrew R. Casey, Eileen D. Friel, Lorenzo Monaco, Piercarlo Bonifacio, Sofia Randich, Angela Bragaglia, Andreas Koch, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Lund Observatory, Lund University [Lund], University of Turin, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, European Research Council, Leverhulme Trust, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Duffau S., Caffau E., Sbordone L., Bonifacio P., Andrievsky S., Korotin S., Babusiaux C., Salvadori S., Monaco L., Francois P., Skuladottir A., Bragaglia A., Donati P., Spina L., Gallagher A.J., Ludwig H.-G., Christlieb N., Hansen C.J., Mott A., Steffen M., Zaggia S., Blanco-Cuaresma S., Calura F., Friel E., Jimenez-Esteban F.M., Koch A., Magrini L., Pancino E., Tang B., Tautvaisiene G., Vallenari A., Hawkins K., Gilmore G., Randich S., Feltzing S., Bensby T., Flaccomio E., Smiljanic R., Bayo A., Carraro G., Casey A.R., Costado M.T., Damiani F., Franciosini E., Hourihane A., Jofre P., Lardo C., Lewis J., Morbidelli L., Sousa S.G., Worley C.C., and Astronomy
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METAL-POOR STARS ,CHEMICAL EVOLUTION ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,TUCANAE NGC 104 ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Physics ,[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,education.field_of_study ,general [Open clusters and associations] ,Galaxy: abundance ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Galaxy: disk: Stars: abundances ,Galaxy: abundances ,general [Globular clusters] ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS ,HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY ,stars: abundances ,Metallicity ,Population ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,globular clusters: general ,evolution [Galaxy] ,Galaxy: disk ,S I LINE ,GLOBULAR-CLUSTERS ,0103 physical sciences ,education ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Galaxy: evolution ,DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXY ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,LY-ALPHA SYSTEMS ,abundances [Galaxy] ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,open clusters and associations: general ,Giant star ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Galaxy ,Redshift ,Interstellar medium ,Stars ,Space and Planetary Science ,Globular cluster ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,disk: Stars: abundances [Galaxy] ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,LTE LINE-FORMATION - Abstract
Full list of authors: Duffau, S.; Caffau, E.; Sbordone, L.; Bonifacio, P.; Andrievsky, S.; Korotin, S.; Babusiaux, C.; Salvadori, S.; Monaco, L.; François, P.; Skúladóttir, Á.; Bragaglia, A.; Donati, P.; Spina, L.; Gallagher, A. J.; Ludwig, H. -G.; Christlieb, N.; Hansen, C. J.; Mott, A.; Steffen, M. Zaggia, S.; Blanco-Cuaresma, S.; Calura, F.; Friel, E.; Jiménez-Esteban, F. M.; Koch, A.; Magrini, L.; Pancino, E.; Tang, B.; Tautvaišienė, G.; Vallenari, A.; Hawkins, K.; Gilmore, G.; Randich, S.; Feltzing, S.; Bensby, T.; Flaccomio, E.; Smiljanic, R.; Bayo, A.; Carraro, G.; Casey, A. R.; Costado, M. T.; Damiani, F.; Franciosini, E.; Hourihane, A.; Jofré, P.; Lardo, C.; Lewis, J.; Morbidelli, L.; Sousa, S. G.; Worley, C. C., Context. Due to their volatile nature, when sulphur and zinc are observed in external galaxies, their determined abundances represent the gas-phase abundances in the interstellar medium. This implies that they can be used as tracers of the chemical enrichment of matter in the Universe at high redshift. Comparable observations in stars are more difficult and, until recently, plagued by small number statistics. Aims. We wish to exploit the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) data to study the behaviour of sulphur and zinc abundances of a large number of Galactic stars, in a homogeneous way. Methods. By using the UVES spectra of the GES sample, we are able to assemble a sample of 1301 Galactic stars, including stars in open and globular clusters in which both sulphur and zinc were measured. Results. We confirm the results from the literature that sulphur behaves as an α-element. We find a large scatter in [Zn/Fe] ratios among giant stars around solar metallicity. The lower ratios are observed in giant stars at Galactocentric distances less than 7.5 kpc. No such effect is observed among dwarf stars, since they do not extend to that radius. Conclusions. Given the sample selection, giants and dwarfs are observed at different Galactic locations, and it is plausible, and compatible with simple calculations, that Zn-poor giants trace a younger population more polluted by SN Ia yields. It is necessary to extend observations in order to observe both giants and dwarfs at the same Galactic location. Further theoretical work on the evolution of zinc is also necessary. © 2017 ESO., This work was based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant "Premiale VLT 2012 and PRIN-INAF 2014". The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. Support for S. D. and L. Sbordone was provided by Chile's Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism's Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS. The project was funded by FONDATION MERAC. S. S. is supported by the European Commission through a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Fellowship, project PRIMORDIAL, grant agreement: 700907. S.M.A. and S.A.K. acknowledge the SCOPES grant No. IZ73Z0-152485 for financial support. L.M. acknowledges support from "Proyecto interno" #803 of the Universidad Andres Bello. M.T.C. acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through grant AYA2013-40611-P. T.B. and S.F. were funded by the project grant "The New Milky Way" from Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. S.G.S. acknowledges the support by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) through national funds and a research grant (project ref. UID/FIS/04434/2013, and PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014). S.G.S. also acknowledges the support from FCT through Investigador FCT contract of reference IF/00028/2014 and POPH/FSE (EC) by FEDER funding through the program Programa Operacional de Factores de Competitividade - COMPETE. L. Spina acknowledges the support from FAPESP (2014/15706-9). R.S. acknowledges support the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education.