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The occurrence of excessive ammonium in groundwater threatens human and aquatic ecosystem health across many places worldwide. As the fate of ammonium in groundwater systems is often affected by a complex mixture of transport and biogeochemical transformation processes, identifying the sources of groundwater ammonium is an important prerequisite for planning effective mitigation strategies. Elevated ammonium was found in both a shallow and an underlying deep groundwater system in an alluvial aquifer system beneath an agricultural area in the central Yangtze River Basin, China. In this study we develop and apply a novel, indirect approach, which couples the random forest classification (RFC) of machine learning method and fluorescence excitation-emission matrices with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), to distinguish multiple sources of ammonium in a multi-layer aquifer. EEM-PARAFAC was applied to provide insights into potential ammonium sources as well as the carbon and nitrogen cycling processes affecting ammonium fate. Specifically, RFC was used to unravel the different key factors controlling the high levels of ammonium prevailing in the shallow and deep aquifer sections, respectively. Our results reveal that high concentrations of ammonium in the shallow groundwater system primarily originate from anthropogenic sources, before being modulated by intensive microbially mediated nitrogen transformation processes such as nitrification, denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). By contrast, the linkage between high concentrations of ammonium and decomposition of soil organic matter, which ubiquitously contained nitrogen, suggested that mineralization of soil organic nitrogen compounds is the primary mechanism for the enrichment of ammonium in deeper groundwaters. [Display omitted] • An indirect method was developed to trace origins of N compounds. • N compounds, DOM and RF models were combined to identify N transformations. • Different sources of ammonium were identified in Central Yangtze River Basin. • Anthropogenic and geogenic sourced ammonium co-existed in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangrove wetlands are among the four most productive tropical and subtropical ecosystems. They are also a core component of the coastal blue carbon ecosystem, which is of great ecological significance to human beings, plants, animals, and the global carbon balance. There has been a global decrease in the distribution of mangrove forests, and their ecological function has gradually degenerated since the Holocene. Sediment from coastal mangrove wetlands can provide records of climate change and human activities, and multiple proxies including palynology, leaf fossil, biomarkers, DNA, phytolith and stable isotopes, can be used to reconstruct the evolutionary stages of paleo-mangroves and to identify the effect of natural processes and human activities on the distribution and evolution of mangroves. This information can provide theoretical support for mangrove protection and for improving carbon sequestration capacity. This paper summarizes and compares the multiple proxies for mangrove reconstruction, reviews progress in the study of natural succession of global mangroves since the Holocene, expands on the influence mechanisms of human activities on mangrove growth and development and uses past information to lay a foundation for a model to predict future mangrove development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This cross-sectional study was conducted during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. • Higher level of perceived stress due to the COVID-19 epidemic was related with more emotional distress. • Stress related increase in emotional distress is mediated by boredom proneness. • Positive coping strategies act as a buffer in alleviating emotional distress under stress. The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was a great threat to the physical and mental health of the general population. Our research aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress during the initial outbreak. Furthermore, potential risks and protective factors, i.e., coping and boredom proneness, of stress-related emotional distress were also explored. Data from 3233 participants in China were collected through an online survey platform during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 from January 31 to February 9 in 2020. Results showed that higher perceived stress was associated with more emotional distress including depression, fear, compulsion-anxiety, neurasthenia, and hypochondria. Boredom proneness significantly and positively mediated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional distress. Moreover, coping style moderated the stress-emotional distress relationship, i.e., individuals who mainly adopted positive coping strategies suffered fewer symptoms of depression, compulsion-anxiety, and neurasthenia under stress, while negative coping strategies aggravated emotional distress. These results from the present study provide practical value for mental health intervention during the emergent public health events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Highly-unsaturated and aliphatic compounds accounted a large proportion of DOP. • Phosphate mining in forest land was responsible for the increasing sulfur-containing DOP compounds. • Intense anthropogenic activities increased inputs of aliphatic compounds in different reaches. • DOP compounds differed between agricultural runoff and urban runoff under similar precipitation. • Aliphatic DOP compounds in the upper reaches were preferentially used to further promote microbial degradation of biomass. Land use and precipitation are two major factors affecting phosphorus (P) pollution of watershed runoff. However, molecular characterization of dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) in runoff under the joint influences of land use and precipitation remains limited. This study used Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) to study the molecular characteristics of DOP in a typical P-polluted watershed with spatially variable land use and precipitation. The results showed that low precipitation and intense human activity, including phosphate mining and associated industries, resulted in the accumulation of aliphatic DOP compounds in the upper reaches, characterized by low aromaticity and low biological stability. Higher precipitation and widespread agriculture in the middle and lower reaches resulted in highly unsaturated DOP compounds with high biological stability constituting a higher proportion, compared to in the upper reaches. While, under similar precipitation, more aliphatic DOP compounds characterized by lower aromaticity and higher saturation were enriched in the lower reaches due to more influence from urban runoff relative to the middle reaches. Photochemical and/or microbial processes did result in changes in the characteristics of DOP compounds during runoff processes due to the prevalence of low molecular weight and low O/C bioavailable aliphatic DOP molecules in the upper reaches, which were increasingly transformed into refractory compounds from the upper to middle reaches. The results of this study can increase the understanding of the joint impacts of land use and precipitation on DOP compounds in watershed runoff. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Work-life balance is associated with health behaviors. In the face of digitalization, understanding this link requires a theory-based investigation of problematic internet use and perceived stress, which are so far unknown.Objective: On the basis of the compensatory carry-over action model, this study aimed to determine whether problematic internet use and perceived stress mediate the relationship between health behaviors and work-life balance in two groups of internet users from different environments (residents in Germany and China). We also investigated whether the place of residence was a moderator.Methods: An online questionnaire (N=877) was administered to residents from Germany (n=374) and China (n=503) in 3 languages (German, English, and Chinese). Moderated mediation analyses were run with health behaviors as the independent variable, work-life balance as the dependent variable, problematic internet use and perceived stress as the mediator variables, and place of residence as a potential moderator.Results: On a mean level, individuals in Germany reported less problematic internet use and more health behaviors than individuals in China; however, they also had lower work-life balance and higher perceived stress. Results showed that health behaviors seem to be directly related to work-life balance in both groups. Among the residents of Germany, a partial mediation was revealed (β=.13; P=.01), whereas among the residents of China, a full mediation was found (β=.02; P=.61). The mediator role of perceived stress was compared with problematic internet use in all the serial models and the parallel model. Residence moderated the relationship between health behaviors and work-life balance: The interrelation between health behaviors and work-life balance was stronger in Germany (β=.19; P<.001) than in China (β=.11; P=.01) when controlling for other variables.Conclusions: The findings of this study are in line with the compensatory carry-over action model. To promote work-life balance, individuals should perform health behaviors to help overcome problematic internet use and perceived stress. Both problematic internet use and perceived stress mediated health behaviors and work-life balance partially in German study participants and fully in Chinese study participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress increases the likelihood of consuming unhealthy food in some individuals. Previous research has demonstrated that the Regulation of Craving ‐ Training (ROC‐T) intervention can reduce unhealthy food intake. However, its effectiveness under stress and the underlying mechanism remained uncertain. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the ROC‐T intervention in improving healthy food choices and to explore the intervention mechanism through computational modeling employing the hierarchical drift‐diffusion model (HDDM). This study adopted a 2 (ROC‐T intervention vs. control) * 2 (stress vs. no‐stress) between‐subject experimental design. A total of 118 employees (72 women, Mage = 28.74) participated in the online experiment. Results show that the ROC‐T intervention increases healthy food choices under stress and no‐stress conditions. The HDDM results reveal a significant two‐way interaction for non‐decision time (Bayes factor, BF = 32.722) and initial bias (BF = 27.350). Specifically, in the no‐stress condition, the ROC‐T intervention resulted in lower non‐decision time and higher initial bias compared with the control group. The findings validated the negative impact of stress on healthy food choices, and that the ROC‐T intervention promotes healthy food choices both under stress and no‐stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic is a heavy metal which is highly toxic and carcinogenic to living organisms. The remediation of aqueous solutions containing arsenic has turned into an important environmental issue. Over the last decade, growing attention has been paid to clay-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) composite materials, which are efficient and promising remediation materials in wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation technologies.Halloysite, a multiple-layered aluminosilicate clay with a natural nano-hollow shape, consisting one alumina octahedron sheet and one silica tetrahedron sheet alternating in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, is an environmentally friendly candidate for the preparations. Zeolite is a stable aluminum-silicate crystal with abundant micropores, which is suitable for unique adsorption and being a support material. In this study, zeolite, nZVI-halloysite (nZVI-HNT) and nZVI-Zeolite(nZVI-Zeo) were synthesized from natural nano-halloysite by simple and low-cost methods, and used for aqueous As(III) removal. The characterization of these synthetic materials and interactions between materials and As(III) was performed by the N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of pH, reaction time, initial As(III) concentration, and adsorbent dosages on As(III) adsorption were also investigated. Both Langmuir isotherm model and Freundlich isotherm model were proposed. The intra-particle diffusion model showed that adsorptions were not the only rate-limiting step. Results showed that the nZVI-HNT and the nZVI-Zeo exhibited strong adsorption properties for As(III), the maximum adsorption capacities were up to 95.4 mg/g and 75.8 mg/g, respectively. As(III) concentration could be reduced to less than 10 μg/L (the WHO recommended value) after adsorbed by nZVI-HNT. The removal mechanisms were attributed to physical-chemical processes, nZVI and the formation of iron oxide promoted the exclusive sorption of As(III) onto adsorbents due to the complex redox mechanism. The results suggested that the halloysite clay mineral is an efficient precursor for preparation of nZVI-HNT and nZVI-Zeo, which could be applied as adsorbents for removal of As(III) from the aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the late Pleistocene- Holocene porous aquifer system of the Jianghan Plain, central Yangtze River Basin, China. A total of 457 samples (surface water and groundwater) were collected over a 1,500 km2 study area during the rainy seasons (2014-2015). A combined approach of hydrogeochemical analysis, multivariate statistical methods involving hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and inverse geochemical modeling was performed to classify the samples, and to identify major processes controlling groundwater geochemistry. The results show HCO3-Ca-(Mg) type water predominates in the study area. About 67% of the groundwater samples have arsenic (As) concentrations above the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 10 μg L-1. The major components (e.g. Ca, Mg and HCO3) in surface water and groundwater originate from carbonate and silicate weathering. Strongly reducing conditions are mainly responsible for geogenic Fe, As enrichment in the shallow confined groundwater. Anthropogenic activities primarily cause high levels of Cl and SO4 in the surface water and phreatic groundwater. Those results improve the understanding of groundwater flow and geochemical evolution under the impacts of periodic hydraulic fluctuation, water-rock interaction, and anthropogenic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID‐19 pandemic has escalated concerns regarding internet addiction. This study investigated the impact of an online photograph intervention on internet addiction and identified its effectiveness mechanisms. Individuals diagnosed with internet addiction (internet addiction test score > 36, Mage = 22.85, 78.6% women) were randomly allocated to either the intervention (n = 64) or control (n = 81) groups. For 10 days, the intervention group was tasked with photographing “things that make you feel a sense of control in life” and writing 100‐word descriptions explaining the reason for the sense of control elicited by the image. Meanwhile, the control group participated only in the assessments. Assessments were conducted before the intervention, immediately afterward and 7 days later. A significant interaction between group and time was observed, with the intervention group showing a notable reduction in internet addiction and an increase in sense of control. The sense of control at post‐test significantly mediated the intervention's effect on reducing internet addiction at follow‐up, but only among individuals with high perceived social support. The findings indicate that online photography interventions can effectively diminish internet addiction, with a sense of control acting as a potent mechanism for intervention, particularly in individuals with substantial perceived social support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the deficiencies of traditional government capacity indicators and cultural factors (e.g., individualism) in explaining the discrepancies of different agents' responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the present study proposed and examined the role of neoliberalism, a novel cultural tradition of knowledge emphasizing the principles of free markets and self‐governance, as an additional explanation of the discrepancies in the governmental and individual responses to the pandemic. Analyzing policy responses of 106 nations and personal responses from 105,203 individuals in 104 nations during the first wave of the pandemic, we found that nation‐level neoliberalism (delineated by the economic freedom index) negatively predicted the nonlinear trajectories of government policy responses to contain the pandemic. Specifically, in more neoliberal countries, stringent containment policy responses showed a sharper decline in the later stage of the first wave of the pandemic. Moreover, nation‐level neoliberalism negatively predicted individuals' pandemic‐protective attitudes and behaviors. All these effects are independent of and incremental to those of nation‐level individualism. In conclusion, this study sheds light on how neoliberalism could lead to negative consequences during large‐scale, long‐lasting public threats, offering practical guidance for adjusting public crisis management in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The underlying mechanisms between family income and mental health of children merit further investigation. Based on the family stress model and the psychological factors model, we proposed that familial factors (parental depression and parenting) and the individual factor (child self-esteem) would mediate the relationship between family income and child depression concurrently. Data were obtained from a nationally representative longitudinal survey (i.e., the China Family Panel Studies), involving 1,283 families (2,732 parents and 1,384 children). The age of the children ranged from 4 to 15 years (Mage = 8.04, SD = 1.87) at baseline. Path analysis showed that the effect of family income (in 2010, T1) on child depression (in 2014, T3) was mediated by parental depression (in 2012, T2), parental bonding (in 2012 or 2014, T2 or T3), and child self-esteem (in 2012 or 2014, T2 or T3), in a parallel rather than sequential manner. The findings indicate that health policies and psychosocial interventions that simultaneously improve parental depression, parenting techniques, and child self-esteem would be an effective approach to alleviate the impact of family income on child depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has emerged as a significant public health crisis, posing threats to physical health and mental well‐being. This study, grounded in the Risk‐Resilience Model, sought to elucidate how COVID‐19 risk perception impacts negative emotional symptoms. Specifically, we examined the mediating role of self‐control and the moderating role of life history strategies. We conducted a two‐wave longitudinal survey in October 2020 (N = 334) and November 2020 (N = 249), targeting residents across 14 provinces (24 cities) in China. After controlling for sex and age, the results supported the moderated mediation model, illustrating that (1) self‐control mediated the relationship between COVID‐19 risk perception and negative emotional symptoms, (2) life history strategy moderated the first segment of the mediation process, and (3) life history strategies also moderated the mediating effect of self‐control on the link between COVID‐19 risk perception and negative emotional symptoms. Furthermore, compared to a fast life history strategy, a slow life history strategy mitigated the effect of COVID‐19 risk perception on self‐control, thereby reducing negative emotional symptoms. This study sheds light on how COVID‐19 risk perception affects negative emotional symptoms and identifies potential targets (i.e., self‐control and life history strategy) for addressing emotional distress during pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tension between doctors and patients as a social problem has existed for a long time; thus far, there is no good solution. From the perspective of trust between doctors and patients, this research studies the relieving effect of perspective-taking interventions on the tension between doctors and patients. This study used a randomized, single-blind online experiment. 133 participants were randomly divided into an intervention group (n = 67) and control group (n = 66). Participants were asked to complete writing tasks from the doctor's perspective. Patients' trust in doctors was measured at 3 time points: before intervention, immediately after intervention, and 10 days after the intervention. Findings showed a significant interaction effect between time measurement and group. In the intervention group, a pairwise comparison of time measurements showed a significant difference between T1 and T2. Perspective-taking interventions can improve patients' trust in doctors, but this effect diminishes over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Perceived physical environment was associated with social cognitive factors. • Attitudes, subjective norm, and PBC predicted cycling for transport via intentions. • Social cognitive factors mediated effects from diversity and connectivity to intention. • Past behavior had substantial effects on social cognitive factors and cycling. • Crime-related safety moderated the effect from PBC to transport-related cycling. Transport-related cycling can contribute to employees' increased physical activities in their daily lives, with potential health and environmental benefits. Still, a theoretical understanding of the links between the perceptions of physical environment and transport-related cycling through social cognitive theories is unclear. In addition, there is a lack of understanding on the moderating effects of the perceived physical environment on social cognitive pathways when predicting transport-related cycling. The purpose of this study was to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework to determine (a) whether TPB mediates the effects between the perceived physical environment and transport-related cycling and (b) whether the perceived physical environment moderates TPB-cycling relations. Using a prospective design, Chinese employees (N = 193) self-reported their perceived physical environment of their workplace neighborhood (i.e., residential density, land-use diversity, land-use accessibility, street connectivity, infrastructures, aesthetics, traffic-related safety, and crime-related safety), attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavior control (PBC), intention, and duration and frequency of transport-related cycling in the last week. One month later, self-reported cycling for transport was again collected from a subset sample of employees (N = 98). Mediation and moderation structural equation models linking perceived physical environment, TPB constructs, and transport-related cycling were tested. The effects from residential density to attitudes and subjective norm, from land-use diversity and street connectivity to subjective norm and PBC, and from aesthetics and crime-related safety to attitudes, were found significant and positive. Attitudes, subjective norm, and PBC predicted intention, in which intention further predicted employee's future transport-related cycling one month later. Importantly, attitudes, subjective norm, and PBC mediated the relations from land-use diversity and street connectivity to intention, while intention mediated the effect from PBC to employee's future transport-related cycling. Past behavior showed significant effects on attitudes, subjective norm, PBC, intention, and employee's future transport-related cycling. The effect from past behavior to intention was mediated by the social cognitive variables of attitudes, subjective norm, and PBC. However, no moderating effects of perceived physical environments on the TPB-cycling relations were found, except the moderating effect of crime-related safety on the path from PBC to cycling. Current results indicate that Chinese employees' transport-related cycling are a function of environmental (i.e., perceived physical environmental attributes) and social cognitive (i.e., attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and intention) factors. Findings of the current study can inform the development of multi-component behavioral change interventions targeting the improvement of transport-related cycling for employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stressful events and meaning-making toward them play an important role in adolescents' life and growth. However, ignoring positive stressful events leads to negativity bias; further, the neural mechanisms of meaning-making are unclear. We aimed to verify the mediating role of meaning-making in stressful events and stress-related growth and the function of the default mode network (DMN) during meaning-making in this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Methods: Participants comprised 59 university students. Stressful life events, meaning-making, and stress-related growth were assessed at baseline, followed by fMRI scanning during a meaning-making task aroused by mental simulation. General linear modeling and psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analyses were used to explore the activation and functional connectivity of DMN during meaning-making. Results: Mental simulation triggered meaning-making, and DMN activity decreased during meaning-making. Activation of the DMN was negatively correlated with coping flexibility, an indicator of stress-related growth. PPI analysis showed that meaning-making was accompanied by diminished connectivity in the DMN. DMN activation during meaning-making can mediate the relationship between positive stressful events and coping flexibility. Conclusions: Decreased DMN activity and diminished functional connectivity in the DMN occurred during meaning-making. Activation of the DMN during meaning-making could mediate the relationship between positive stressful events and stress-related growth, which provides a cognitive neural basis for the mediating role of meaning-making in the relationship between stressful events and indicators of stress-related growth. Implications: This study supports the idea that prosperity makes heroes, expands the meaning-making model, and suggests the inclusion of enhancing personal resources and meaning-making in education. This study was the first to validate the activation pattern and functional connectivity of the DMN during meaning-making aroused by mental simulation using an fMRI task-state examination, which can enhance our sense of meaning and provide knowledge that can be used in clinical psychology interventions. Trial Registration: The study protocol was pre-registered in Open Science Framework (see osf.io/ahm6e for details). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients and caregivers in the inpatient physical rehabilitation setting are presented with life-changing medical conditions, and their meaning in life can change dramatically. Meaning in life is associated with fewer depressive and anxiety symptoms, but little is known about how they are related interdependently among patients and caregivers. In the current study, we aim to explore their dyadic relationships. Actor-partner interdependence model through structural equation modeling for dyadic analyses. A total of 160 pairs of patients and caregivers recruited from 6 inpatient rehabilitation hospitals in China. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among pairs of rehabilitation patients and caregivers. The presence of and search for meaning were measured with the Meaning in Life Questionnaire. In 2 separate models, we found that patients' presence of meaning was negatively associated with their own depression (β = −0.61, P <.001) and anxiety (β = −0.55, P <.001), as well as their caregivers' depression (β = −0.32, P <.001) and anxiety (β = −0.31, P <.001). However, the caregivers' presence of meaning was only negatively associated with their own depression (β = −0.25, P <.05) and anxiety (β = −0.21, P <.05). A search for meaning was not significantly associated with depression or anxiety. The results indicate that the anxiety and depressive symptoms of rehabilitation inpatients and caregivers are associated with their own level of presence of meaning. Caregivers' depression and anxiety are interdependently associated with patients' presence of meaning. Clinicians should take dyadic interdependence into consideration when providing psychological services to rehabilitate patients and their caregivers. Meaning-centered interventions can be helpful for the dyads' meaning-making and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of different writing interventions on late middle-aged and older adults' positive affect (PA) and meaning in life (MIL) and explored the mediating role of MIL in the relationship between PA and physical health. A total of 162 participants from China who were over 55 years old participated in this 3 × 3 mixed experimental design. The between-subjects variable constituted the participant group, including the expressive writing intervention (EWI) group, neutral task writing intervention (NTWI) group, and blank control group. The within-subject variable was time, including pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up. PA, MIL, physical health, and perceived benefits were measured at each time point. We used a mixed linear model from SPSS on the entire sample data to examine the effects of writing interventions. To determine the mediation effect, we conducted structural equation model analysis using the "lavaan" package in R. MIL showed significant interaction with time and group, but PA showed no significant interaction. Compared with the blank control group, EWI buffered the decline of MIL and had no significant intervention effect on PA. NTWI had no significant intervention effect on MIL and PA. Considering the entire sample, MIL mediated the relationship between PA and physical health. This study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of EWI on healthy late middle-aged and older adults' MIL. The mediating effect of MIL facilitated a better understanding of the relationship between PA and physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many people's meaning in life and health behaviors. This study aimed to verify the relationship among meaning in life (MIL), epidemic risk perception, health locus of control (HLC), and preventive health behaviors among older adults after the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a pandemic. Method: In this longitudinal study, 164 participants aged 55 years and above completed the following measures at time 1 (February 19, 2021) and one month later at time 2 (March 19, 2021): Meaning in Life in the Epidemic Questionnaire, Epidemic Risk Perception Questionnaire, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale, and Health Behaviors Before and After the Epidemic Survey. Hayes' SPSS Process Macro was used to analyze the mediating effect of epidemic risk perception (model 4) and the moderating role of powerful others HLC in the mediation model (model 14). Results: The results showed that after controlling for gender, age, education level, and health behaviors at the baseline, risk perception had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between MIL and preventive health behaviors (β =.02, SE =.01, 95% CI [.00,.04]). In addition, powerful others HLC had a moderating effect on the second half of the mediating effect (β =.02, p =.02, 95% CI [.00,.03]). Specifically, compared to the older adults with low powerful others HLC, the risk perception of older adults with high powerful others HLC increased preventive health behaviors. Conclusion: Practitioners should adequately cultivate older adults' risk awareness and reinforce the importance of advice from doctors and professionals, thereby effectively enhancing the preventive health behaviors of older adults in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the extensive agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, groundwater is a valuable resource, but it suffers from severe nitrate pollution. However, the extent of the contributions of agricultural and pastoral activities to nitrate accumulation in the groundwater of the region remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the main sources of groundwater nitrate in Chahannur Basin, a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the semi-arid zone of northern China, using the MixSIAR model based on dual stable isotopes and dissolved organic matter (DOM) fluorescence. The hydrochemical and isotopic results showed that the groundwater has high concentrations of nitrate (up to 208.19 mg/L) with weak denitrification, and nitrate accumulation is mainly driven by mixed input from different sources. The MixSIAR model results indicated that the largest contributors to groundwater nitrate accumulation are manure & sewage, followed by soil nitrogen, chemical fertilizers, and atmospheric deposition. According to the DOM fluorescence characteristics, the groundwater is strongly affected by livestock and poultry waste, followed by soil humic substances. Moreover, the DOM fluorescence results further supported the MixSIAR model results based on the significant correlation between the contributions of nitrate sources and the percentages of fluorescent components, jointly confirming that the main source of nitrate in groundwater is manure and sewage, followed by soil nitrogen. These findings indicate that coupled evidences from the MixSIAR model and DOM fluorescence could be applied to identify the sources of nitrate in groundwater, and this coupling can provide valuable information for local authorities to achieve sustainable groundwater management. [Display omitted] • Groundwater nitrate was appointed in a typical agro-pastoral ecotone. • A new method combining MixSIAR with DOM fluorescence was used. • Manure & sewage are main nitrate source, followed by soil nitrogen. • Results obtained from MixSIAR and DOM fluorescence are consistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• DOM and SOM were studied together in geogenic NH 4 +-affected aquifer systems. • Two distinct degradation stages for both DOM and SOM were identified. • SOM was more resistant to ageing compared to DOM. • Direct mineralization of SOM contributed more to NH 4 + enrichment than DOM. The excessive presence of geogenic ammonium (NH 4 +) in groundwater poses a global environmental concern, commonly linked to the degradation of nitrogen-containing dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, there is a gap in systematic studies on the combination of soluble organic matter (SOM) in sediments and DOM in groundwater, with few indoor incubation experiments to validate their degradation pathways. This study utilized ultrahigh-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to analyze the molecular characteristics of DOM and SOM in aquifer systems affected by geogenic NH 4 +. Subsequently, indoor incubation experiments spanning up to 140 d were conducted to verify the degradation pathways. The experimental results revealed a two-phase degradation process for both the DOM and SOM. The initial stage was characterized by the degradation of aliphatic compounds (ALC) with the production of polyphenols (PPE) and highly unsaturated compounds (HUC). The second stage was dominated by the degradation of PPE and HUC, accompanied by the re-consumption of some ALC, while more recalcitrant HUC persisted. Notably, the first stage of SOM degradation exceeded that of DOM degradation, indicating that SOM exhibited greater resistance to aging. This phenomenon may be attributed to a wider range of active enzymes in sediments, the rapid replenishment of SOM by organic matter in sediments, or the accelerated degradation of DOM. The experimental results aligned with the molecular characterization of DOM and SOM in actual aquifer systems. It is hypothesized that NH 4 + produced through the direct mineralization of SOM may contribute more to the enrichment of NH 4 + in groundwater than that produced through the mineralization of DOM. This study is the first to analyze DOM and SOM together in aquifer systems and validate their degradation pathways through incubation experiments, thereby providing novel insights into the enrichment of geogenic NH 4 + in groundwater. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cultural orientation and interdependent self-construal can moderate the relationship between perceived pro-generation investment and future orientation of young adults. To test how interdependent self-construal moderate the relationship between pro-generation investment and future orientation of young adults from two different cultural ecologies was the aim of the current study.Methods: A cross-cultural comparison was conducted among study participants from China, Germany, and the United States. Interdependent self-construal, perceived pro-generation investment by parents (parental investment), and future orientation were measured. Cross-cultural data were collected from 205 college students in China, a collectivist culture, and 169 college students in Germany (n = 50) and the United States (n = 119), which are individualist cultures. We examined a three-way interaction with cultural orientation and interdependent self-construal as moderators in the relationship between perceived parental investment and future orientation.Results: In the collectivist cultural context, there appeared no moderating effect of interdependent self-construal on the relationship between perceived parental investment and future orientation, although interdependent self-construal and perceived parental investment predicted future orientation. In the individualistic cultural context, there was a moderating effect. For individuals high in interdependent self-construal, future orientation remained stable as perceived parental investment increased. For individuals low in interdependent self-construal, future orientation decreased as perceived parental investment increased.Conclusions: The findings have practical implications in that parents should follow the cultural orientation of their background and provide their children with individualized investment and education to shape the future orientation of their offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of current-day online shopping, people select foods based on pictures and using their visual systems. Although there are some reviews of previous neuroimaging studies on appetitive behaviors, the findings on neural activation in response to pictures of high- and low-calorie foods seem inconsistent. This study aims to systematically review, integrate, and meta-analyze neuroimaging evidence of viewing high- and low-calorie foods. There were 25 samples from 24 studies, totalizing 489 normal-weight participants (311 female, 160 male, and 18 of unknown sex). We conducted a systematic review and Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis on viewing high-calorie foods (versus non-foods), low-calorie foods (versus non-foods), and high- versus low-calorie foods. In systematic review, several brain regions were shown to be activated when viewing high- or low-calorie foods (versus non-foods) and viewing high- versus low-calorie foods, including the prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, amygdala, insula, ventral striatum, hippocampus, superior parietal lobe, and fusiform gyrus. However, the ALE meta-analysis showed that the left orbitofrontal cortex, left amygdala, insula, superior parietal lobe, and fusiform gyrus were activated when viewing high-calorie foods (versus non-foods); the left fusiform gyrus was activated when viewing low-calorie foods (versus non-foods); and no cluster was activated when viewing high- versus low-calorie foods. Our research suggests an appetitive brain network that includes visual perception and attentional processing, sensory input integration, subjective reward value encoding, decision-making, and top-down cognitive control. Future studies should control for the effects of methodological and physiological variables when examining the neural correlates of viewing high- and low-calorie foods. • We reviewed neuroimaging studies of viewing high- or low- calorie foods. • Neuroimaging evidence of viewing high- or low- calorie foods was integrated. • We proposed an appetitive brain network for calorie-related neural activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • High-throughput sequencing reveals critical microbial genes driving N cycles. • Proteobacteria , Chloroflexi highlight diversity in microbial N transformations. • Surface sediments prime for N cycling, with declining microbial activity deeper. • Environmental factors shaping N cycle are varied in mangrove and mudflat zone. The critical role of nitrogen (N) in sustaining the vitality of mangrove wetlands is widely recognized, yet research elucidating complex microbiome structures and functional genes driving N biogeochemical cycles are markedly limited. This study leverages high-throughput and metagenomic sequencing to investigate N biogeochemical cycling from the Dongzhai Harbor mangrove wetland. Results reveal that Proteobacteria (29.95–49.26%), Chloroflexi (15.68–35.33%), and Acidobacteria (5.18–12.46%) are the predominant phyla, with Deltaproteobacteria (3.71–7.95%), Gammaproteobacteria (0.83–8.73%), and Alphaproteobacteria (1.73–14.13%) leading at the order level. Microbial diversity and the prevalence of functional genes diminish with increasing sediment depth, indicating that N transformation predominantly occurs in surface sediments. The identified N metabolic pathways in mangrove sediments encompass N fixation (nifD , nifK , nifH genes), nitrification (amoA , amoB, amoC , hao , nxrA and nxrB genes), denitrification (narG , nirK , nirS , norB and nosZ genes), dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (hzo 、 hzsA and hzsB genes), and organic N mineralization (gdhA and ureC genes). Organic N mineralization and N fixation are most pronounced in mangrove sediments, with N fixation exhibiting greater intensity in the mangrove than mudflat zone. Salinity, TOC, TN, and SO 4 2- predominantly foster N cycling facilitated by microbial activities, while Fe appears to impede it. These insights offer a scientific foundation for the ecological restoration and conservation of mangrove wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Substantial effluxes of C and Se occur in the cold-region cultivated Mollisols. • Organic-bound Se acts as a direct source of volatile Se species. • Anaerobic respiration contributes greatly to CO 2 , CH 4 and methyl selenide fluxes. • The findings inform scientific management of C and Se resources in agriculture. Mollisols rich in natural organic matter are a significant sink of carbon (C) and selenium (Se). Climate warming and agricultural expansion to the cold Mollisol regions may enhance soil respiration and biogeochemical cycles, posing a growing risk of soil C and Se loss. Through field-mimicking incubation experiments with uncultivated and cultivated soils from the Mollisol regions of northeastern China, this research shows that soil respiration remained significant even during cold seasons and caused co-emission of greenhouse gases (CO 2 and CH 4) and methylated Se. Such stimulus effects were generally stronger in the cultivated soils, with maximum emission rates of 7.45 g/m2/d C and 1.42 μg/m2/d Se. For all soil types, the greatest co-emission of CO 2 and dimethyl selenide occurred at 25 % soil moisture, whereas measurable CH 4 emission was observed at 40 % soil moisture with higher percentages of dimethyl diselenide volatilization. Molecular characterization with three-dimensional fluorescence and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry suggests that CO 2 emission is sensitive to the availability of microbial protein-like substances and free energy from organic carbon biodegradation under variable moisture conditions. Predominant Se binding to biodegradable organic matter resulted in high dependence of Se volatilization on rates of greenhouse gas emissions. These findings together highlight the importance of dynamic organic carbon quality for soil respiration and consequent Mollisol Se loss risk, with implications for science-based management of C and Se resources in agricultural lands to combat with Se deficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Health-related online fake news (HOFN) has become a major social problem. HOFN can lead to the spread of ineffective and even harmful remedies. The study aims to understand Internet users' responses to HOFN during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic using the protective action decision model (PADM). Design/methodology/approach: The authors collected pandemic severity data (regional number of confirmed cases) from government websites of the USA and China (Studies 1 and 2), search behavior from Google and Baidu search engines (Studies 1 and 2) and data regarding trust in two online fake news stories from two national surveys (Studies 2 and 3). All data were analyzed using a multi-level linear model. Findings: The research detected negative time-lagged relationships between pandemic severity and regional HOFN search behavior by three actual fake news stories from the USA and China (Study 1). Importantly, trust in HOFN served as a mediator in the time-lagged relationship between pandemic severity and search behavior (Study 2). Additionally, the relationship between pandemic severity and trust in HOFN varied according to individuals' perceived control (Study 3). Originality/value: The authors' results underscore the important role of PADM in understanding Internet users' trust in and search for HOFN. When people trust HOFN, they may seek more information to implement further protective actions. Importantly, it appears that trust in HOFN varies with environmental cues (regional pandemic severity) and with individuals' perceived control, providing insight into developing coping strategies during a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Environmental worry, a response to environmental pollution, is a well-established predictor of pro-environmental behaviors. However, its relationship with health-promoting behaviors, such as fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), is unclear. In three studies, we explored the associations between environmental worry, behavioral intention, and FVI. Method: Study 1, enrolling 358 company trainees who provided their data at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2; a 2-month follow-up), examined the relationship between environmental worry and FVI. Study 2, enrolling 226 employees providing their data at T1 and T2 (a 2-month follow-up), examined the mediating effects of intention in the relationship between environmental worry and FVI using a cross-lagged design. In study 3, data from 217 participants were collected three times over a period of 4 months. We re-examined the mediating effect of intention and further explored the moderating effect of future focus. Results: Environmental worry predicted beneficial changes in FVI (studies 1, 2, and 3). Environmental worry predicted FVI through intention (studies 2 and 3). The mediating effect of intention on the relationship between environmental worry and FVI was moderated by future focus: individuals with high environmental worry formed stronger intention when they also reported a strong future focus (study 3). Conclusions: Our findings provide novel evidence for the direct and indirect links between environmental worry and health-promoting behavior (i.e., FVI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future orientation tends to prevent engagement in risk behaviours and results in good academic performance among adolescents. Our study aimed to establish whether genetic factors contributed to future orientation among Chinese adolescents. We recruited 988 pairs of twins from Beijing. By constructing a high-order A (additive genetic variance) C (common environmental variance) E (unique environmental variance) model, we found that heritability and a common environment contributed significantly to the development of future orientation among adolescents. Moreover, this study did not detect significant heritability differences in future orientation between girls and boys. In addition, there was a negative relationship between age and heritability of future orientation but a positive relationship between age and non-shared environmental effect on the development of future orientation. Our findings provide empirical evidence for the heritability of future orientation, suggesting that both genetics and common environment influence its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The North China Plain (NCP) is a typical Cenozoic sedimentary basin and one of the largest alluvial plains in eastern Asia. It consists of piedmont alluvial plain, central alluvial-lacustrine plain, and littoral alluvial plain from west to east, where Quaternary aquifer systems developed in different depths. Groundwater from these aquifers is the most important water resource and supports a population of 200 million in the NCP. Currently the Quaternary groundwater is depleting fast due to both human and natural factors. Characterizing biogeochemical processes in groundwater is central to understanding groundwater chemistry. To identify the sources of dissolved sulfate () and address subsequent biogeochemical processes in groundwater, we conducted a study of spatial distributions of δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 in the Quaternary aquifers in the northern part of the NCP. The [], δ34SSO4, and δ18OSO4 along the west–east groundwater flowpaths in the three alluvial plains are analyzed and examined. The Quaternary groundwater (∼20°C) has a [] of 37.25–177.41mg/L with []/[Cl−] ratios ranging from 0.12 to 2.79. The δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 range from 4.9‰ to 30.9‰ and from 4.7‰ to 14.0‰, respectively. Supported by other geochemical and isotopic parameters such as total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations, δD and δ18O of groundwater (δD and δ18OH2O), and 14C contents in groundwater, our study concludes that: (1) The shallow groundwater in the piedmont area is characterized by higher concentration of 153.22mg/L with δ34SSO4 of 10.0–14.5‰ and δ18OSO4 of 4.7–9.0‰, whereas the groundwater in the piedmont area is characterized by lower concentration of 37.25mg/L with δ34SSO4 of 4.9–7.3‰ and δ18OSO4 of 5.8–7.5‰. Therefore, the in the shallow groundwater is dominated by weathered sulfate minerals from the Taihang mountains and sulfate derived from oxidation of sulfides in infiltration paths, whereas the in the deep groundwater is dominated by atmospheric sulfate from precipitation and sulfate derived from decomposition of organic matter during its recharge processes; (2) Dissimilatory microbial sulfate reduction (DMSR) occurred in the deep confined aquifers in both central and littoral plains, where δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 increase along the groundwater flowpaths and present specific patterns for each aquifer which imply variable contributions from DMSR processes; (3) The deep confined aquifer in the littoral plain has a lower DMSR rate than the other aquifers, probably due to the effect of its lower permeability on physical exclusion of bacteria from the aquifer matrix. This study can provide a biogeochemical background for assessing groundwater evolution and its quality in the NCP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Two studies were conducted to examine the promotional role of meaning in life (MIL) on hope and the underlying mediating mechanism via future temporal focus (FTF). Study 1 was a three-wave longitudinal survey including 418 employees (M age = 35.68; 54.3% women). Results showed that Time 1 MIL positively predicted Time 3 hope via Time 2 FTF. Study 2 was an intervention study conducted with Chinese undergraduate students (n = 129; M age = 19.65; 84.5% women) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The intervention involved taking a photograph each day of things that "make you feel your life is meaningful." MIL and FTF were measured before and after the intervention, and assessed daily during the intervention week. Results of the longitudinal mediation analysis and 2-1-2 multilevel mediation model supported the mediational role of FTF between MIL and hope. Furthermore, results showed that MIL increased significantly in both the intervention (n = 64) and control conditions (n = 65). Hierarchical linear modeling found a significant positive relationship of daily MIL on daily FTF. The present findings supported MIL's future-oriented function on hope via FTF. Nevertheless, special attention should be given to the stress context when conducting MIL interventions to promote MIL and hope. • Future temporal focus played a mediating role between meaning in life and hope. • Meaning in life was positively related to future temporal focus. • Meaning in life increased in both the intervention and control conditions. • Results indicated an increase in meaning in life while coping with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people's engagement in health behaviors, especially those that protect individuals from SARS-CoV-2 transmission, such as handwashing/sanitizing. This study investigated whether adherence to the World Health Organization's (WHO) handwashing guidelines (the outcome variable) was associated with the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic, as measured by the following 6 indicators: (i) the number of new cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a country-level mean calculated for the 14 days prior to data collection), (ii) total cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality accumulated since the onset of the pandemic, and (iii) changes in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity/mortality (a difference between country-level COVID-19 morbidity/mortality in the previous 14 days compared to cases recorded 14-28 days earlier).Methods: The observational study (#NCT04367337) enrolled 6064 adults residing in Australia, Canada, China, France, Gambia, Germany, Israel, Italy, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, and Switzerland. Data on handwashing adherence across 8 situations (indicated in the WHO guidelines) were collected via an online survey (March-July 2020). Individual-level handwashing data were matched with the date- and country-specific values of the 6 indices of the trajectory of COVID-19 pandemic, obtained from the WHO daily reports.Results: Multilevel regression models indicated a negative association between both accumulation of the total cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = -.041, SE = .013, p = .013) and mortality (B = -.036, SE = .014 p = .002) and handwashing. Higher levels of total COVID-related morbidity and mortality were related to lower handwashing adherence. However, increases in recent cases of COVID-19 morbidity (B = .014, SE = .007, p = .035) and mortality (B = .022, SE = .009, p = .015) were associated with higher levels of handwashing adherence. Analyses controlled for participants' COVID-19-related situation (their exposure to information about handwashing, being a healthcare professional), sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status), and country-level variables (strictness of containment and health policies, human development index). The models explained 14-20% of the variance in handwashing adherence.Conclusions: To better explain levels of protective behaviors such as handwashing, future research should account for indicators of the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic.Trial Registration: Clinical Trials.Gov, # NCT04367337. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radon (222Rn), naturally occurring in subsurface environments, is a significant environmental carcinogen when consumed via 222Rn-enriched groundwater and acts as a valuable geochemical tracer of the interaction between groundwater and surface water. Identifying the spatial patterns and influential factors of 222Rn in groundwater is therefore critical. However, there is a scarcity of specific studies on alluvial-lacustrine plains. In this study, 170 groundwater samples were collected to analyze the spatial patterns and controlling factors of 222Rn in the central Yangtze River plain, a typical alluvial-lacustrine plain. Through correlation and principal component analyses, as well as a random forest model (RF), it was determined that the groundwater 222Rn concentration was affected by several factors, including the hydrogeochemical environment, its associated water-rock interactions, the provenance of aquifer sediments, their mineral composition, and spatial distances from bedrock. Specifically, a thinner layer of Quaternary strata closer to the bedrock, combined with a less reducing hydrogeochemical setting and shorter-term water-rock interactions, along with a higher presence of silicate minerals in the aquifer sediments, promoted the accumulation of 222Rn in groundwater. An RF model was employed to predict the spatial distribution of the 222Rn concentration in the alluvial-lacustrine aquifer, revealing elevated groundwater 222Rn concentrations around local uplifts within the plain, at its edges, and near shallow-buried faults. The insights gained from this study can be applied to similar alluvial-lacustrine plains globally. [Display omitted] • Groundwater 222Rn dynamics is assessed by statistical and random forest models. • Higher 222Rn in groundwater was around basin edge, uplift and shallow-buried faults. • 222Rn enrichment was related to more silicate minerals in aquifer sediments. • A less reducing setting with shorter-term water-rock interaction favors 222Rn accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban groundwater, serving as a critical reservoir for potable water, faces susceptibility to contamination from discrete sources such as hospital wastewater. This study investigates the distribution and plausible origins of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban groundwater, drawing comparisons between areas proximal to hospitals and non-hospital areas. Ofloxacin and oxytetracycline emerged as the prevalent antibiotics across all samples, with a discernibly richer array of antibiotic types observed in groundwater sourced from hospital-adjacent regions. Employing a suite of multi-indicator tracers encompassing indicator drugs, Enterococci , ammonia, and Cl/Br mass ratio, discernible pollution from hospital or domestic sewage leakage was identified in specific wells, correlating with an escalating trajectory in antibiotic contamination. Redundancy analysis underscored temperature and dissolved organic carbon as principal environmental factors influencing antibiotics distribution in groundwater. Network analysis elucidated the facilitating role of mobile genetic elements, such as int 1 and tnp A-02 in propagating ARGs. Furthermore, ARGs abundance exhibited positive correlations with temperature, pH and metallic constituents (e.g., Cu, Pb, Mn and Fe) (p < 0.05). Notably, no conspicuous correlation manifested between antibiotics and ARGs. These findings accentuate the imperative of recognizing the peril posed by antibiotic contamination in groundwater proximal to hospitals and advocate for the formulation of robust prevention and control strategies to mitigate the dissemination of antibiotics and ARGs. [Display omitted] • Antibiotics and ARGs were identified in groundwater near urban hospital. • Hospital areas exhibit a broader spectrum of antibiotic types than non-hospital. • Multi-indicator can trace the pollution source of domestic / hospital sewage leakage. • Hospital sewage is a discernible source of antibiotic pollution in urban groundwater. • Significant correlation was found between multiple metals and ARGs in groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic has impaired the health and living conditions of millions of people. For governments to formulate policies promoting vaccination behavior, it is important to understand individuals’ intentions to vaccinate. This study explores the effectiveness of a brief online intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in improving individuals’ COVID-19 vaccination intention, as well as considering the reasons for their unwillingness to get vaccinated.A total of 1,258 participants were assessed using a questionnaire to determine their phase of vaccination intention (pre-intention, intention, and action). Subsequently, focused on the underlying factors in the pre-intention phase (i.e., task self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and risk perception), a 7-day randomized controlled HAPA intervention (nintervention = 57, ncontrol = 49) was conducted online for individuals who were not willing to get vaccinated. The measurement points included pre- (T1), post- (T2), and 30-day follow-up (T3).The intervention may effectively improve participants’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions; however, it had no impact on their planning and actions involved in taking the vaccine.This study provides relevant reference data for government stakeholders to use in developing public awareness campaigns and policies to encourage COVID-19 vaccination.Method: The global COVID-19 pandemic has impaired the health and living conditions of millions of people. For governments to formulate policies promoting vaccination behavior, it is important to understand individuals’ intentions to vaccinate. This study explores the effectiveness of a brief online intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in improving individuals’ COVID-19 vaccination intention, as well as considering the reasons for their unwillingness to get vaccinated.A total of 1,258 participants were assessed using a questionnaire to determine their phase of vaccination intention (pre-intention, intention, and action). Subsequently, focused on the underlying factors in the pre-intention phase (i.e., task self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and risk perception), a 7-day randomized controlled HAPA intervention (nintervention = 57, ncontrol = 49) was conducted online for individuals who were not willing to get vaccinated. The measurement points included pre- (T1), post- (T2), and 30-day follow-up (T3).The intervention may effectively improve participants’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions; however, it had no impact on their planning and actions involved in taking the vaccine.This study provides relevant reference data for government stakeholders to use in developing public awareness campaigns and policies to encourage COVID-19 vaccination.Results: The global COVID-19 pandemic has impaired the health and living conditions of millions of people. For governments to formulate policies promoting vaccination behavior, it is important to understand individuals’ intentions to vaccinate. This study explores the effectiveness of a brief online intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in improving individuals’ COVID-19 vaccination intention, as well as considering the reasons for their unwillingness to get vaccinated.A total of 1,258 participants were assessed using a questionnaire to determine their phase of vaccination intention (pre-intention, intention, and action). Subsequently, focused on the underlying factors in the pre-intention phase (i.e., task self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and risk perception), a 7-day randomized controlled HAPA intervention (nintervention = 57, ncontrol = 49) was conducted online for individuals who were not willing to get vaccinated. The measurement points included pre- (T1), post- (T2), and 30-day follow-up (T3).The intervention may effectively improve participants’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions; however, it had no impact on their planning and actions involved in taking the vaccine.This study provides relevant reference data for government stakeholders to use in developing public awareness campaigns and policies to encourage COVID-19 vaccination.Conclusions: The global COVID-19 pandemic has impaired the health and living conditions of millions of people. For governments to formulate policies promoting vaccination behavior, it is important to understand individuals’ intentions to vaccinate. This study explores the effectiveness of a brief online intervention based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in improving individuals’ COVID-19 vaccination intention, as well as considering the reasons for their unwillingness to get vaccinated.A total of 1,258 participants were assessed using a questionnaire to determine their phase of vaccination intention (pre-intention, intention, and action). Subsequently, focused on the underlying factors in the pre-intention phase (i.e., task self-efficacy, outcome expectation, and risk perception), a 7-day randomized controlled HAPA intervention (nintervention = 57, ncontrol = 49) was conducted online for individuals who were not willing to get vaccinated. The measurement points included pre- (T1), post- (T2), and 30-day follow-up (T3).The intervention may effectively improve participants’ COVID-19 vaccination intentions; however, it had no impact on their planning and actions involved in taking the vaccine.This study provides relevant reference data for government stakeholders to use in developing public awareness campaigns and policies to encourage COVID-19 vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Multiple methane cycling processes in shallow groundwater are evidenced by multiple methods. • CO 2 reduction, acetate fermentation and methane oxidation all occurred in groundwater. • CO 2 reduction dominated acetate-fermentation in two methanogenic pathways in groundwater. • Various factors may lead to contrasting groundwater methane cycling in different settings. Groundwater rich in dissolved methane is often overlooked in the global or regional carbon cycle. Considering the knowledge gap in understanding the biogeochemical behavior of methane in shallow aquifers, particularly those in humid alluvial-lacustrine plains with high organic carbon content, we investigated methane sources and cycling pathways in groundwater systems at the central Yangtze River basins. Composition of multiple stable isotopes (2H/18O in water, 13C in dissolved inorganic carbon, 13C/2H in methane, and 13C in carbon dioxide) was combined with the characteristics of microbes and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the study. The results revealed significant concentrations of biogenic methane reaching up to 13.05 mg/L in anaerobic groundwater environments with abundant organic matter. Different pathways for methane cycling (methanogenic CO 2 -reduction and acetate-fermentation, and methane oxidation) were identified. CO 2 -reduction dominated acetate-fermentation in the two methanogenic pathways primarily associated with humic DOM, while methane oxidation was more closely associated with microbially derived DOM. The abundance of obligate CO 2 -reduction microorganisms (Methanobacterium and Methanoregula) was higher in samples with substantial CO 2 -reduction, as indicated by isotopic composition. The obligate acetate-fermentation microorganism (Methanosaeta) was more abundant in samples exhibiting evident acetate-fermentation. Additionally, a high abundance of Candidatus Methanoperedens was identified in samples with apparent methane oxidation. Comparing our findings with those in other areas, we found that various factors, such as groundwater temperature, DOM abundance and types, and hydrogeological conditions, may lead to differences in groundwater methane cycling. This study offered a new perspective and understanding of methane cycling in worldwide shallow alluvial-lacustrine aquifer systems without geothermal disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated if three maternal eating styles (emotional eating style, external eating style, and restrained eating style) predict respective eating styles in children. In particular, we tested if these associations are different in mother-daughter dyads, compared to mother-son dyads. Data were collected twice, at the baseline (Time 1; T1) and at the 10-month follow-up (Time 2; T2), with N = 822 mother-child dyads participating at T1. Children (55% girls, 5-12 years old, M = 8.21, SD = 1.40) were interviewed; mothers (aged 23-59 years old, M = 35.93, SD = 5.24) completed the questionnaire assessing their eating styles. Participants' weight and height were measured objectively. Path analysis, accounting for dyadic interdependency and autocorrelations, was applied. In mother-daughter dyads, maternal emotional eating (T1) predicted daughters' emotional eating (T2) whereas maternal restrained eating (T1) predicted daughters' restrained eating (T2). There were no effects of external eating in mother-daughter dyads. A different pattern of associations was found for mother-son dyads, with maternal emotional eating (T1) and external eating (T1) predicting sons' emotional eating (T2) and external eating (T2), respectively. There was no effect of maternal restrained eating in mother-son dyads. Maternal eating styles explain child's eating styles with distinct effects depending on child's sex. Educating mothers about the effects of their own eating styles on daughters' and sons' eating styles might be useful to promote adequate responses to hunger and satiety signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Microbiota play critical roles in the dramatic seasonal variations of arsenic concentration in the alluvial aquifer systems. • The seasonal fluctuation of groundwater level directly correlated with the dynamics of microbial community composition. • Microbially mediated iron redox cycling may have governed As transformation in groundwater across the seasons. Abstract Determining the temporal variation of microbial communities in groundwater systems is essential to improve our understanding of hydrochemical dynamics in aquifers, particularly as it relates to the fate of redox-sensitive contaminants like arsenic (As). Therefore, a high-resolution hydrobiogeochemical investigation was conducted in the As-affected alluvial aquifer systems of the Jianghan Plain. In two 25 m-deep monitoring wells, the seasonal variation in the composition of groundwater microbial communities was positively correlated with the change in groundwater level (R = 0.47 and 0.39 in NH03B and NH05B, respectively, P < 0.01), implying that the latter could be a primary driver of the seasonal microbial dynamics. In response to the fluctuating groundwater level, iron (Fe) reducers within the Desulfuromonadales were dominant (9.9 ± 4.7% among different sampling sites) in groundwater microbial communities during the monsoon season and associated with high concentrations of Fe(II) and As, while the predominance (16.7 ± 15.2% among different sampling sites) of iron-oxidizers the Gallionellaceae was accompanied by low Fe(II) and As in the non-monsoon season. These results suggest that microbially-mediated iron reduction/oxidation may have governed the seasonal mobilization/scavenging of As in groundwater. Our results provide new insights into mechanisms responsible for seasonal variations in groundwater As concentrations in similar aquifer systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The source and composition characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are crucial to identify and evaluate the sources of pollution in the watershed. The construction of reservoirs changes the hydrological condition and pollutant fate of the river. However, the effects of reservoirs' construction on DOM in the watershed and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This study aims to examine and compare the characteristics of DOM in reservoirs and streams in the Huangbai River, a typical reservoir-affected and P-contaminated river within the Yangtze River catchment. The results showed that DOM in reservoirs was characterized by more contribution from autochthonous source, under the influence of reservoirs' construction; while, DOM in rivers was mainly originated from terrestrial input. Reservoirs had more lipid-like and protein-like compounds, while rivers contained more oxy-aromatic-like compounds. The percentage of CHOP molecules in reservoirs was significantly higher than that in rivers. The underlying mechanism is that more suitable conditions were created for plankton to grow after constructing reservoirs, which converted inorganic orthophosphate into organic phosphorus, and over time, organic phosphorus was gradually enriched in reservoirs, which exacerbated the risk of eutrophication in the reservoir water body. This study can provide theoretical support for monitoring and evaluation of water quality in reservoir-affected rivers. [Display omitted] • Find differences on DOM characteristics in reservoirs and mainstream. • Elucidate the influence of reservoirs construction on DOM in a P-contaminated river. • DOM in reservoirs and rivers are more autochthonous and more allochthonous, respectively. • Reservoirs contained higher amounts of CHOP molecules than rivers. • Stable conditions convert more inorganic P into organic P in reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of media reports of medical outcomes and connection-based medicine on trust in physicians. In "connection-based medicine," people use personal connections to obtain better medical resources. Vignette experiments were used to investigate attitudes toward physicians among 230 cancer patients and their families (Sample 1) and a cross-validated sample of 280 employees from various industries (Sample 2). For both samples, negative media reports were associated with lower trust in physicians; when the reports were positive, the participants generally perceived physicians as more competent and trustworthy. However, with negative reports, patients and families perceived connection-based physicians as less right and professional than non-connection-based physicians; the public (represented by the employee sample) perceived connection-based physicians as less right than non-connection-based physicians and negative outcomes to be caused more by connection-based physicians than non-connection-based physicians. Medical reports can influence the perception of a physician's traits, which are important for trust. Positive reports promote evaluation of Rightness, Attribution, and Professionalism, whereas negative results may elicit the opposite effect, especially for connection-based physicians. Positive media images of physicians can help facilitate trust. Connection-based medical treatment should be reduced to improve access to medical resources in China. • In line with theory, negative media coverage can be detrimental to trust. • Connection-based medicine resulted in lower trust under negative media coverage. • Connection-based medicine could be regulated better to improve trust in physicians. • The medical system could use media to promote positive images of medical personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic ecosystems are an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) released to the atmosphere. However, studies on GHGs fluxes from lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) remain limited, particularly for subtropical alluvial-lacustrine plains. This study used the radon (222Rn) mass balance model to quantify seasonal variations in LGD rates and fluxes of groundwater-borne GHGs (CH 4 , CO 2 , N 2 O) to the Tian-E-Zhou oxbow lake in Jianghan Plain, central Yangtze. The results showed that the LGD rate in winter was 57.67 ± 28.37 mm/d which was higher than that in summer (24.72 ± 12.16 mm/d). The groundwater-borne fluxes of CH 4 , CO 2 , and N 2 O into the lake in winter were 7.84 ± 6.81 mmol m−2 d−1, 1.47 ± 1.07 mmol m−2 d−1, and 3.50 ± 1.90 × 10−5 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively, whereas that in summer were 1.48 ± 2.36 mmol m−2 d−1, 0.72 ± 0.47 mmol m−2 d−1, and 1.53 ± 1.00 × 10−5 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. High groundwater-borne fluxes of CH 4 across both winter and summer could be attributed to abundant buried organic carbon and strong groundwater reducing environment in this subtropical alluvial-lacustrine plain. Seasonally, fluctuations in water levels mainly affected LGD rates, further resulting in greater groundwater-borne GHGs fluxes in winter than in summer. This study can act as an important reference for future studies on the role of groundwater as an emission pathway for GHGs in lakes of subtropical alluvial-lacustrine plains. [Display omitted] • Groundwater-borne GHGs fluxes were quantified in a subtropical oxbow lake in two contrasting seasons. • Groundwater-borne GHGs fluxes were higher in winter than in summer mainly owing to higher groundwater discharge rate. • Groundwater-borne flux of CH 4 was the highest among three GHGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High As groundwater is mainly associated with terrestrial humic-like than protein-like components. • DOM had lower H/C ratios, more double bonds and rings, and aromatic structures in high As groundwater. • Higher NOSC organics were thermodynamically favorable for As mobility. Geogenic arsenic (As) contaminated groundwater has been widely accepted associating with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquifers, but the underlying enrichment mechanism at molecular-level from a thermodynamic perspective is poorly evidenced. To fill this gap, we contrasted the optical properties and molecular compositions of DOM coupled with hydrochemical and isotopic data in two floodplain aquifer systems with significant As variations along the middle reaches of Yangtze River. Optical properties of DOM indicate that groundwater As concentration is mainly associated with terrestrial humic-like components rather than protein-like components. Molecular signatures show that high As groundwater has lower H/C ratios, but greater DBE, AI mod , and NOSC values. With the increase of groundwater As concentration, the relative abundance of CHON3 formulas gradually decreased while that of CHON2 and CHON1 increased, indicating the importance of N-containing organics in As mobility, which is also evidenced by nitrogen isotope and groundwater chemistry. Thermodynamic calculation demonstrated that organic matter with higher NOSC values preferentially favored the reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe(III) (hydro)oxides minerals and thus promoted As mobility. These findings could provide new insights to decipher organic matter bioavailability in As mobilization from a thermodynamical perspective and are applicable to similar geogenic As-affected floodplain aquifer systems. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotional eating or the tendency to eat in response to emotional states can be assessed using self-report measures. The Emotional Eating Scale-II is a commonly used and reliable instrument that measures the desire to eat in response to a range of unpleasant and pleasant emotions. The current study aimed to corroborate the validity of the EES-II and expand its utility by investigating its dimensionality and testing its measurement invariance in samples from English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries. Convergent and predictive validity in respect of food craving, eating, and health indicators were also examined. This cross-national study included a total of 2485 adult participants recruited from Finland, North America, Philippines, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Spain, and South Korea, who completed the EES-II in six different languages. Factor analyses supported a four-factor structure including valence (pleasant, unpleasant) and activation (high, low) for a 12-item English version and slightly modified non-English adaptations. The model exhibited good fit in all samples, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Full invariance of factor loadings and partial invariance of factor loading, intercepts, and error variances was established across samples. Structural equation models revealed that high activation (pleasant and unpleasant) states predicted food cravings and reported eating. Overall findings across multiple samples and countries supported the factorial structure, reliability, invariance, and validity of the resulting Brief Emotional Eating Scale (BEES). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An intertidal saltwater-freshwater mixing zone was observed below a mangrove forest. • Discharge to the mangrove ecosystem was nearly all tidally driven saline circulation. • Groundwater discharge patterns were sensitive to topography and aquifer anisotropy. Material transport and transformations in mangrove wetlands are closely related to seawater-groundwater mixing processes, which can influence mangrove growth and development. Therefore, a clearer understanding of groundwater and salt transport dynamics in aquifers beneath mangrove wetlands is needed to accurately estimate chemical fluxes to mangrove ecosystems. We established a multi-level groundwater monitoring profile in a mangrove wetland and constructed a numerical model of tidally-driven groundwater flow and salt transport that was calibrated to salinity and pore water pressure. Model results indicated that 99% of groundwater discharge to the mangrove wetland was saltwater and that this discharge accounted for 33% of total discharge over a spring-neap tidal cycle. Tidal creeks that cross-cut the wetland received the remaining 67% of total discharge. Seawater infiltration from tidal action across the wetland formed a subsurface saltwater-freshwater mixing zone with a geometry that followed the undulation of a high permeably layer at depth. Model sensitivity tests showed that salinity distributions and groundwater discharge patterns were controlled strongly by wetland topography and anisotropy. Model cases with a gently sloping and flat mangrove platform led to substantially less salt mass in the subsurface compared to the base case with mangrove topographic relief. Models with lower anisotropy allowed salt to penetrate through the high-permeability layer to the base of the aquifer. The spatial patterns of fresh and saline groundwater discharge and mixing processes within mangrove wetlands as shown in this study may have implications for mangrove tree nutrient availability and for the prevalence and spatial distribution of mangroves along coastlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]