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The metabolism of leukotriene (LT) A4, B4, C4, D4, and E4 was studied using both bioassay and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) methods. The incubation of 20,000 g supernatants of homogenates of human adult lung with LTA4 and LTC4 for various periods of time produced substances of higher biologic activity than the controls (without incubation) when measured on strips of guinea pig lung parenchyma and ileum. RP-HPLC analyses of the incubation media revealed the formation of LTB4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 from LTA4 and the formation of LTD4 and LTE4 from LTC4. LTD4 was converted to LTE4 whereas LTB4 and LTE4 were not catabolized to an appreciable extent during a 2-h incubation period. Supernatants (20,000 g) of human fetal lung homogenates also contain the enzymatic activities to transform LTC4 into LTD4 and LTE4; however, LTA4 was mainly converted to LTB4 and to products of the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of LTA4 such as the delta 6-trans-LTB4, delta 6 -trans-12-epi-LTB4 and the 5,6-dihyroxyeicosatetraenoic acids; much smaller quantities of the peptidoleukotrienes were formed than in adult lung homogenates.

Reports that ribavirin was teratogenic in animals raised concerns of female health care personnel about possible occupational exposure during the care of infants having respiratory syncytial virus infections. Under simulated operational conditions, experiments were conducted to measure ribavirin residues in room air, in surface wipe samples, and in personal sampling devices worn by volunteers. There was exposure to a dispersible dust, presumably dried ribavirin, deposited inside the croupette or hood and on the bedding. Based on personal sampler data, it was estimated that, in a 12-h shift, the primary health care individual could inhale 2.4-9.1 micrograms ribavirin/kg bw.d. Recommendations to reduce the exposure of staff included the wearing of appropriate surgical gloves and a NIOSH-approved disposable respirator for dusts and mists while attending to the needs of the patients.

Our first experience in televising bronchoscopy directly took place in December, 1955, with the cooperation of Television Nationale. Our purpose was to relay the endoscopic views which could be obtained with the “Fourestier, Gladu, Vulmiere” apparatus. The same view of the bronchi as seen by the bronchoscopist and his assistants on the screen in the operating room could thus be followed at the same time by all those outside, on their individual television sets. The experience was valuable in that it showed us that it could be done.

Tumor production of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) is responsible for most cases of hypercalcemia of malignancy. The transplantable rat Leydig tumor H-500 is known to cause hypercalcemia in rats by the release of abundant PTHRP and to closely reproduce the human syndrome. We have demonstrated recently that Ras oncogene can stimulate PTHRP gene expression in Fr3T3 fibroblasts in vitro and cause hypercalcemia in vivo. Using rat Leydig tumor H-500 cells, we have investigated the role of effector pathways downstream of Ras in serum-induced PTHRP expression. The Ras inhibitors B-1086 and Lovastatin decreased PTHRP mRNA expression. i.p. administration of B-1086 (50-100 mg/kg/day) into H-500 tumor-bearing male Fischer rats resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in tumor volume, serum calcium, plasma PTHRP, and tumoral PTHRP mRNA expression. Transient transfection of dominant-negative Ras (Ras N17) and Raf (Raf C4B) reduced, whereas activated Raf-1 (Raf BXB) increased, basal expression of PTHRP in H-500 cells. A similar decrease in PTHRP production was seen with a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD 098059), implicating the involvement of Ras/Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. In addition, stimulation with UV light, which can activate c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), or expression of an activated form of Rac (Rac V12) was sufficient to increase PTHRP mRNA. Moreover, a dominant-negative Rac (Rac N17) blocked serum-induced PTHRP gene expression. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PTHRP is induced via both Raf-ERK and Rac-JNK mediated pathways, effects which can be blocked by chemical inhibitors and dominant-negative mutants of these pathways in vitro and in vivo. Availability of selective inhibitors of Ras signaling molecules may therefore add to our existing armamentarium to control hypercalcemia of malignancy.

Sixty-nine grade 2 boys participated in a study of the effects of book genre and sex of reading model on boys’ (a) view of reading as feminine, (b) intrinsic motivation toward reading, (c) interest in reading, and (d) attitude to reading. Differential effects occurred in boys based on whether they liked or disliked reading and whether they viewed reading as a feminine activity. Findings are examined in the context of gender schema theory as a way of explaining why boy-friendly books are important to some boys’ reading development and not to that of others., Alberta Journal of Educational Research, Vol. 51 No. 3 (2005): Fall 2005

Entre 1705 et 1713, en pleine guerre de Succession d’Espagne, le Mercure galant publie une série de 11 « Relations de Canada » où prédomine le discours anecdotique, ce qui les distingue des autres relations de voyage publiées dans le même périodique durant la précédente décennie. L’anecdote vient modifier le genre même de la relation de voyage en misant sur la curiosité comme moteur de production et en proposant une histoire du temps présent où l’actualité coloniale occupe la meilleure place. Par ailleurs, le récit anecdotique fait l’objet d’une récupération politique et inscrit la relation de voyage dans le champ de la propagande. Les diverses figures que mettent en scène les « Relations de Canada » contribuent ainsi à faire valoir les entreprises louis-quatorziennes en Amérique, en montrant la supériorité des Français sur les Britanniques., Between 1705 and 1713, in the midst of the War of the Spanish Succession, the Mercure galant published a series of 11 “Relations de Canada” in which anecdotal discourse predominated, which distinguished them from other travel reports published in the same periodical during the previous decade. The anecdote changed the very genre of the travel report by relying on curiosity as the driving force behind its production and by proposing a history of the present time in which colonial current events take pride of place. Moreover, the anecdotal account is subject to political recuperation and places the travelogue in the field of propaganda. The various figures portrayed in the “Relations de Canada” thus contribute to the promotion of Louis-Quatorzian ventures in America, by showing the superiority of the French over the British.

Cette contribution propose d’étudier les problèmes se posant aux chercheurs qui conçoivent des tâches, simples et complexes, destinées à évaluer les savoirs et savoir-faire relatifs à la littératie médiatique multimodale d’élèves du secondaire (13-15 ans) en contexte de recherche d’information et de production d’un hypertexte multimodal. Ces problèmes amènent par ailleurs toute une réflexion sur la modélisation didactique de la lecture et sur la production de textes numériques et leurs enseignables, à partir d’une tentative de reconstitution de ce qui pose ou peut poser problème pour l’élève. Les interrogations soulevées dans cet article ont émergé dans le cadre d’un programme de recherche collaboratif international (2018-2022) entre quatre pays francophones (Belgique, Canada, France et Suisse) portant sur l’évaluation des compétences en littératie médiatique d’adolescents (13-15 ans) de chacun de ces pays., This contribution proposes to study the problems faced by researchers who design simple and complex tasks intended to assess the knowledge and skills related to multimodal media literacy of secondary school students (13-15 years old) in the context of information search and production of a multimodal hypertext. These problems also lead to a reflection on the didactic modeling of reading and on the production of digital texts and their teaching contents, based on an attempt to reconstitute what poses or could pose a problem for the student. The questions raised in this article emerged in the context of an international collaborative research program (2018-2022) between four French-speaking countries (Belgium, Canada, France, and Switzerland) on the assessment of media literacy competencies of teenagers (13-15 years old) from each of these countries.

Depuis 1992, le Biodôme de Montréal s’emploie à exposer le vivant dans toute sa complexité et ses interconnexions à travers la représentation de cinq écosystèmes. Une de ses missions : « S’engager à protéger l’environnement en favorisant une prise de conscience individuelle et collective ». Sa division Programmes publics et éducation se penche sur une façon de concrétiser davantage cette mission à travers ses activités. Le présent article fait état de la démarche qui accompagne cette réflexion. Pour l’essentiel, il s’agit de la proposition d’une nouvelle approche éducative s’appuyant sur un modèle développé au cœur même du Biodôme : « La pyramide d’interventions ». Une approche qui appelle les visiteur.euse.s à passer à l’action. Y sont également présentés les principaux défis qui accompagnent l’implantation d’une telle approche, ainsi que les dispositions mises en place pour faciliter cette dernière., Since 1992, the Montréal Biodôme has operated representations of five ecosystems in order to exhibit living organisms in all their complexity and interconnections. Its mission is to “raise individual and collective awareness about the need to get involved in protecting natural ecosystems.” The institution’s Public Programs and Education Department is examining a method for improving how activities fulfill this mission more tangibly. This paper outlines the process involved. In essence, it proposes a new educational approach based on a model developed within the Biodôme itself—the “pyramid of intervention”—which calls on visitors to move toward taking action. The paper also presents the primary challenges involved in implementing such an approach, along with the measures put in place to do so.

Desulfitobacterium frappieri PCP-1 was induced for ortho - and para -dechlorinating activities by different chlorophenols. Dehalogenation rates ranging from 25 to 1,158 nmol/min/mg of cell protein were observed according to the chlorophenol tested and the position of the chlorine removed. D. frappieri shows a broad substrate specificity; in addition to tetrachloroethylene and pentachloropyridine, strain PCP-1 can dehalogenate at ortho , meta , and para positions a large variety of aromatic molecules with substituted hydroxyl or amino groups. Reactions of O demethylation and reduction of nitro to amino substituents on aromatic molecules were also observed.