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The purpose of this study was to examine the variables associated with adult undergraduates' food and housing insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were derived from the 2020 #RealCollege Survey, which was completed by 25,838 adult undergraduates ([greater than or equal to]25 years old) at 72 4-year and 127 2-year institutions in 42 U.S. states. The results suggest that 43.2% of adult undergraduates experienced food insecurity, and 60.6% experienced housing insecurity. Adult undergraduates who had multiple disabilities, grew up in lower-income families, had previously lived in foster care, attended 2-year colleges, and did not live with a spouse/partner had significantly higher probabilities of experiencing food or housing insecurity. Furthermore, first-generation students, international students, or caregivers, parents, or guardians to children had significantly higher probabilities of experiencing food and housing insecurity. Finally, adult undergraduates who experienced COVID-19 pandemic-related academic and financial and health difficulties also had higher probabilities of experiencing food and housing insecurity.

Objective: The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to analyse the identities of a mother and her biopedagogical practices regarding physical activity as well as healthy eating. Method: The participant of the study was a mother of two children who immigrated to Aotearoa/New Zealand from Indonesia. We collected the small story through open-ended interviews, fieldnotes, and online chats. We approached the narrative data with positioning analysis to examine the participant's identities in the story. More specifically, three positioning levels recommended by Bamberg and Georgakopoulou (2008) framed our analytical work. Results: Results showed three positioning levels as well as thematic aspects surrounding the narrator's positioning. Positioning level 1 described the narrator's identities as she located herself in relation to the social networks within the told story including her children, husband, and relatives. This positioning level also culminated in a description of her familial context. On level 2, the analysis focused on her positioning and identity construction as she interacted with the researchers. The theme generated from this particular positioning level included the informal pedagogical practices for healthy living which included microtechniques of surveillance, normalisation, and regulation. The last positioning level was the narrator's positioning to establish herself regarding the master narrative, especially dominant obesity discourse. Conclusion: In short, the analysis of small stories has helped the construction of identities within the shared story as well as the thematic description surrounding each positioning level.

This article examines the role of code-switching in recreating the place, Palestine, that contemporary Palestinian memoirist Ghada Karmi was expelled from by providing a close analysis of the code-switched expressions and the plurality of voices and perspectives that this linguistic and cultural phenomenon imply in her work "Return: A Palestinian Memoir." While code-switching is a feature of diasporic writings, Karmi uses many code-switched expressions related to food, clothes, honorific titles and the historical event of Nakba so as to linguistically return to Palestine. However, Karmi's engagement with Palestine from past to present, her exploration of the political transformation of Palestine and her inability to feel connected to today's Palestine raises the spectre of co-existence between Palestinians and Israelis if Palestinian refugees return physically to Palestine. This possibility of co-existence between the two warring nations is further highlighted by Karmi's use of Hebrew code-switched words, which exist alongside code-switched words related to precolonial Palestine.

Background: There are many socio-environmental factors that can limit cooking self-efficacy among university students, where minorities are usually neglected. Purpose: To identify the dynamics of income source and money expenditure with cooking self-efficacy of three university minority groups. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, recruitment was between October and November 2019, via online survey through Qualtrics platform. A total of 2817 participants completed the survey online which provided data from cooking self-efficacy (20 points scale), money expenditure and financial issues. Results: An average of 13.5 was found as cooking self-efficacy. Four of the independent variables: first generation, internationals, age, and employment status show significative relationship (<0.01) with cooking self-efficacy. Discussion: This study supports the importance of prioritizing university minority groups, helping to understand their financial support and how they distribute it when managing and prioritizing their finances. Moreover, each group faces different limitations in terms of what the construction of these skills encompasses. Translation to Health Education Practice: The findings present in this study are significant for health education specialist focused on identifying factors that impact priority populations.

Objective: According to the World Health Organisation's estimates, food contamination is linked to 23 million cases of illness and 5,000 deaths per year in Europe. While changes in food production and distribution play an important role in managing contamination risk, foodborne illnesses can originate in food-handling practices at home. This study aimed to assess how a food safety education initiative in which students learned about food safety risks and minimising risk behaviour improved students' knowledge about food safety. Setting: Three public schools, two in Hungary and one in Portugal. Methods: A study of 105 Hungarian and Portuguese students between 11 and 18 years of age were invited to prepare Personal Meaning Maps before and after the delivery of a food safety lesson delivered by a school science teacher. Knowledge and risk perceptions of food safety, before and after the delivery of the lesson, were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results: Food safety topics that were scored highest were those that already had strong scores in the diagnostic phase, such as those related to personal hygiene and use-by dates. However, the largest increases in mastery scores were in less-known-about topics such as cold chain and cross-contamination risks. Idea associations take place often by linking specific contents to already-known-about concepts. Conclusion: Findings show that students more readily engaged with practical concepts directly linked to their experience of food handling at home than to more abstract concepts of food safety and contamination.

Objective: To assess whether adolescents who appeared in an after-school cooking nutrition programme (Teen Battle Chef) sustained healthful food behaviours in the ensuing years into young adulthood. Design: Interviews involving a short verbal survey assessing six health behaviours coded dichotomously and open-ended questions coded for themes describing how participants did or did not sustain behaviour change. Setting: Adults who had previously participated in TBC culinary nutrition programme while in high school discussed whether any lifestyle changes prompted by the programme continued into their adult lives. Method: The 30 young people were interviewed (in-person or by telephone) and the interviews were audio-recorded. Transcripts were made verbatim to allow for NVivo analysis of responses. Results: Thirty 17- to 24-year-olds, 6 months to 7 years after TBC programme, reported current favourable health behaviours. Results were similar for participants <3 and 3+ years post TBC. In interviews, 27 of 30 provided in-depth description of how TBC had changed their behaviours. They described cooking skills learned in TBC that they still practised. Participants discussed specific ways in which peers and family supported them to sustain behaviour change. Conclusion: Even modest findings of short-term evaluations of cooking programmes may be significant if impacts are sustained. More longer-term evaluations are needed to confirm these results.

This comparative curricular study examines the educational functions of the Swedish Sámi nomad school curricula before and after a central school reform in the 1960s. Due to the reform, the nomad school, a boarding school system for the Indigenous Sámi people in Sweden, was formed to bring about systemic changes in the education of Sámi children, to be more inclusive, and to meet new democratic educational demands. This study presents an in-depth examination of the written curricula through a thematic analysis by scrutinising the nomad School syllabi of 1956 (UP56) and 1969 (Lgr69), with an emphasis on aspects of continuity and change. In theoretical terms, the study is inspired by Biesta's educational functions. This study identified the continued importance of reindeer husbandry (RH), while the reform transformed the traditional RH context towards adaptation to the needs of the Swedish meat industry, in a period marked by intrusion into traditional Sámi lands. The study also found that although the education system set out to protect the Sámi language after the reform, the Sámi language was consistently given a low degree of importance in the curricula. Another source of tension concerns the explicit policy to open the Sámi education for all Sámi children at the same time, educating differentiation among Sámi.

This study explored the barriers and facilitators to the successful implementation and sustainment of food insecurity initiatives on college campuses. Respondents (n = 65) included faculty, staff, administrators, and student leaders at higher education institutions in 28 states. Through an online survey, respondents reported experiencing multiple barriers (mean 3.7, SD 1.7) when implementing food insecurity initiatives. The three most commonly reported barriers were funding (79.4%), marketing/student awareness (74.6%), and stigma (60.3%). Public institutions were found to more commonly face accessibility (p = 0.005), volunteer (p = 0.008), and stigma (p = 0.042) barriers compared to private institutions. Themes regarding Campus Culture, Resources and Operations, and Data Collection were considered facilitators to sustaining campus-based initiatives. Food insecurity is a barrier to academic performance, perseverance, and success yet initiatives to aid food insecure students are hindered by lack of institutional support and integration into campus culture. Higher education administrators should look to the barriers and facilitators identified in this study to ensure the initiatives on campus have the supports needed to succeed. Further study implications and a root cause analysis are discussed.

Children's hypothetical reasoning about a complex and dynamic causal system was investigated. Predominantly White, middle-class 5- to 7-year-old children from the Greater Toronto Area learned about novel food chains and were asked to consider the effects of removing one species on the others. In Study 1 (N = 72; 36 females, 36 males; 2018), 7-year-olds answered questions about both direct and indirect effects with a high degree of accuracy, whereas 5-year-olds performed at chance. Six-year-olds showed intermediate performance. Using food chains with clearer constraints, Study 2 (N = 72; 35 females, 37 males; 2020-2021) replicated these findings. These results indicate that the ability to think about hypothetical changes to dynamic causal systems develops between 5 and 7 years. Implications for science education are discussed.

The purpose of the present study was to examine Norwegian kindergarten children's knowledge about the origins of commonly consumed food items. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews of 56 children (aged five to six years old) from nine different kindergartens based on open-ended questions and with the use of pictures showing eight different food items. Parents and kindergarten staff completed a questionnaire about how often they discuss the origins of food with the children. Most of the children could tell us exactly where milk, caviar, bread, meat, and wheat flour come from, but they were less aware of the origins of cheese, pasta, and sausages. The children's level of knowledge was not associated with kindergarten profile or gender or with respect to how often parents and staff members reported discussing the origins of food with the children. This study highlights the importance of various educational activities in increasing children's knowledge.

Household Food Insecurity (HFI) is a frequent challenge for children living in poverty that impacts social, emotional, and behavioral development. Federally assisted meal programs, such as the National School Breakfast Program, address HFI for students living in poverty through free or reduced-price breakfast. However, there are challenges for students to take advantage of this opportunity, and it is underutilized. In this research, all middle school students at a high poverty school were offered a free of charge meal alternative called Second Chance Breakfast. Since this program was started, student participation in school breakfast increased and behavior incidences in school dropped significantly. Along with improved behavior outcomes, teachers reported improved student academic behavior.

In this paper, the author draws on a qualitative case study of a place-based food justice project (FJP) at an urban public charter high school to examine the role of community-school partnerships (CSPs) in the FJP and marginalized students' experiences of these partnerships. Observations and interviews with students, teachers, and community representatives suggest that the marketized context in which these partnerships unfolded undermined the potential benefits of CSPs by incentivizing schools to prioritize private benefits for both schools and community organizations over students' preferences and priorities. The extent to which CSPs might serve students' interests may hinge on how other stakeholders conceptualize "community."

Social categories are often defined by the boundaries that they form between individuals. However, many social structures describe "complementary" relationships between individuals, defining both the power that we hold over others and our obligations to them and vice versa. In two studies conducted in the U.S., we investigated a sample of primarily white, middle class children's intuitions about social roles at ages 4, 5, and 6. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with two informants, one dominant (e.g., a mother) and one subordinate (e.g., a daughter). The informants gave conflicting instructions, and children determined whose instructions should be followed and which informant had more social power. Five- and 6-year-olds, but not 4 -year-olds, used social roles to determine which instructions should be followed, and children in all age groups selected the dominant informant as someone who held social power. In Experiment 2, we explored the breadth of this effect by having the same informants present conflicting information about food. Five- and 6-year-old participants trusted claims made by a dominant informant, but 4-year-olds did not prioritize claims made by either informant. At the same time, when asked who they would approach to learn about a new food, children did not prefer either informant. Together, these findings suggest that children's understanding of hierarchical social roles emerges at a young age, changes over time, and influences their judgments in nuanced ways.

The current debates in the area of researchers' positionalities criticize the notion of the 'insider/outsider' dichotomy and favour the idea of a fluid inbetweener position. However, these narratives foreground researchers' perspectives and often ignore participants' agency in constructing a researcher's positionality in the field. In this paper, as an early career researcher, I analyze my journey with my own positionalities in ethnographic research in a rural community in Bangladesh. Adopting a Critical Realist ontological standpoint, I argue that positionalities are co-constructed by researcher and participant and are products of complex interactions between their agencies and the social structure. I illustrate how reflexivity, taking both my and the participants' views into account, facilitated my movement towards a position where the participants expose their habitual behaviour (not hesitating to offer their day-to-day food -- mash potato) rather than providing superficial information (as they do to a guest, for whom they will at least fry an egg -- a special arrangement -- for dinner).

Moderate feeding problems affect many children with autism spectrum disorder and often co-occur with disruptive mealtime behaviors. Although parent-mediated interventions have shown promise to support feeding problems, research has primarily occurred within randomized controlled trials when delivered by highly trained clinicians in specialty clinics. Thus, the alignment of these approaches within community settings is unclear. To address this limitation, this study explored adaptations to a parent-mediated intervention, Managing Eating Aversions and Limited Variety (i.e. MEAL Plan), to enhance its adoption, implementation, and sustainment within community settings, including factors that may support or hinder its translation. Participants were 14 multidisciplinary providers who attended one of the three workgroups that included semi-structured focus groups regarding the fit of MEAL Plan in their practice setting. Thematic analysis was used to determine emergent themes, which fell into the domains of content, contextual considerations, and training needs. Specific themes included the appropriateness MEAL Plan for autistic and non-autistic children, adaptations to MEAL Plan delivery, billing considerations, agency-level support, and the format of ongoing training and consultation. By proactively responding to these factors, it may be possible to enhance the implementation and sustainability of parent-mediated interventions, including MEAL Plan, within community practices that support autistic children.

Digital edible literacies (DEL) are a new media phenomenon that has recently surfaced in social media but has not been examined in scholarly literature before. I exemplify the entanglements of food, media, and children's stories in three DEL exemplars shared on a private blog, Instagram, and connected Meta channels. Drawing on a genre analysis, I position DEL within affective theories and connect them to the concept of ephemeral and material affect. I argue that the ephemeral materiality of DEL expands children's literacies with new temporal relationships that exemplify the sensory dimensions of affect in literacy. This theoretical expansion is important to facilitate understandings of the complex affective qualities of new literacy ecologies.

The article offers "microfragmentos" of reinvention in response to the incursion of capitalist and neocolonial threats. The microfragmentos -- small, broken, and irregular fragments that remain incomplete -- are a modest local political initiative growing from an ethnographic project among Cañari women and children in the high Ecuadorian Andes. Three microfragmentos on growing, cooking, and eating narrate reinvention around food practices. As the women collectively work their "ch'ixi" (that is, drawing from the Indigenous side of their subjectivities), practices of growing potatoes, making meals together, and returning to childhood meals transform dimensions of their daily living. These transformations challenge the colonial tragedies they have collectively inherited and, in turn, assist the women to reinvent their lives in the modernised Ecuadorian Andes.

Parental involvement in children's education contributes to children's educational success. Most schools, therefore, aim to increase parental involvement and organise school-based activities that provide parents with interaction opportunities with teachers, school administrators, and other parents. Although the impact of parental involvement is studied frequently, little attention has gone into examining the interparental dynamics during school-based parental involvement activities. An ethnographic study conducted in five primary schools in The Netherlands shows how interactions among parents shape school-based parental involvement activities (in specific Parent Coffee Mornings). On the one hand, the interactions during Parent Coffee Mornings contributed to increased parental involvement, parents' network, and social capital of parents. On the other hand, these interactions created patterns of exclusion among parents in what were intended to be inclusionary activities. Knowledge about the dual nature of these activities is likely vital for researchers and school administrations alike.

Purpose: The present study explores the development of agri-food value chains from an organizational learning perspective, using the German organic food sector as an example. We illustrate how the development of local value chains unfolds over time and outline how facilitation can support this process. Design/methodology/approach: The study used an action research design to facilitate change in practice and to create new knowledge. Data were collected through qualitative interviews, participant observation, and documentation of workshops and other learning activities. Data analysis and conceptualization followed a grounded theory approach. Findings: The development process of value chains occurs in three phases, from joint exploration of the problem, through a phase of experimentation and implementation, to further cultivation of established collaborations among value chain actors. The development process oscillates between intra- and inter-organizational learning as well as explorative and exploitative activities. Practical implications: The results of this study can help to understand and to further professionalize the practice of value chain development and provide guidance for facilitators and other stakeholder working in this field. Theoretical implications: By drawing on the theory of exploration and exploitation, the study enhances the understanding of value chains collaboration in an inter-organizational setting. The study conceptualizes the development of agri-food value chains and the role of facilitators in the process. Originality/value: There is little research to date that considers the development of value chains as a collaborative learning process. The presented grounded theory of local value chain development may inform further research on the transition towards a more sustainable agri-food system.

Purpose: University students are a unique population with great potential to adopt eating habits that promote positive human and planetary health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the current perceptions of sustainable eating behaviours among the students and to examine the determinants of sustainable eating behaviours. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from December 2020 to May 2021 through focus group discussions among university students in Ontario, facilitated through synchronous online sessions. There were 21 student participants during the course of five focus group sessions (4-5 participants per session) from various departments within the university. The discussions were transcribed and analyzed for main themes and concepts using open coding; deductive coding based on the framework by Deliens et al. as well as the literature; and inductive coding for emerging themes. Findings: The students had different perceptions about what constituted sustainable eating behaviours, some of which were not based on fact. A variety of individual, environmental (macro, micro and social) and university characteristics were mentioned as factors influencing sustainable food choices, with "food literacy" and "campus food" being the top two factors. Originality/value: This study presents a novel and holistic overview of how sustainable eating behaviours and sustainable foods are perceived among university students and identifies the perceived determinants of adopting sustainable eating behaviours. This study helps with identifying opportunities to promote sustainable eating behaviours among university students and the design/implementation of informed interventions and policies aimed at improving eating behaviours.

Research into pedagogical approaches used in early years' nature education, more specifically European and UK forest schools, remains according to Leather, 'undertheorised.' In a similar situation in Australia, the bush kindergarten programmes (referred to as 'bush kinders'), have had limited research attention. Influenced by European and UK forest school approaches, bush kinders are a recent development in Australian early years nature education. We discuss an ethnographic study where teaching and learning in three bush kinder settings was observed, each with different pedagogical approaches. The paper reports one main finding, where a wide range of pedagogical approaches were observed across the different bush kinder sites. To theoretically frame these pedagogical approaches, our analysis builds on Edwards' notion of play-based learning, along with a model of inquiry-based teaching proposed by Furtak et al. Using ethnographic methods we draw on fieldwork data and research literature to analyse bush kinder pedagogies. The paper contributes to the conceptualisation of pedagogy in early childhood nature and bush kinder programmes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine playful practices in the science video composition of a fourth-grader. Design/methodology/approach: With an analytic interest in "chasing the theory of muchness" (Thiel, 2015a) that describes distinctive moments of affective energies in playful learning, the authors explored a child's video in which a food chain is dramatized. Findings: The authors identified how muchness manifested in/through her compositional play. Originality/value: The potential of playful composing and dramatizing to support meaning-making across contexts and disciplines is discussed.

This paper reports the quantification of Ca, Mg, and Fe as micronutrients in different vegetables (spinach, sugar beets, and carrots) from raw and processed samples. Simple extraction procedures, titrations, and spectrophotometric analysis were used to determine the amounts of micronutrients before and after cooking. From the obtained results, an ANOVA analysis was performed to determine statistical differences between the samples. Results show that the final amounts of micronutrients decreased after cooking for all vegetables.

This study documents the resources U.S. colleges and universities offer to address student food and housing insecurity and explores differences across community colleges, four-year public schools, and four-year private schools. Using a stratified random sample (n = 448) of U.S. postsecondary institutions, a systematic web search for evidence of 18 resources was conducted. A framework for classifying resources was developed. Logistic regression was used to explore differences by institution type. Eighty-eight percent of the schools in the sample offered at least one resource. On average, schools offered four resources. Food pantries were the most frequently offered resource, while providing information about low-cost campus dining options was the least frequently offered. Four-year private schools offered fewer resources than four-year public schools and community colleges.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of food and nutrition regulations in developing healthy behaviors of young children, this study profiled the food and nutrient contribution of snacks, the foods and drinks consumed outside of main meals, in the diets of a sample of children between the ages of 3-5 years overall and in regulated child care (RCC) and home settings. Methods: From a purposive sample of 44 RCC settings from across Nova Scotia, Canada, 19 agreed to participate in this study and with RCC directors' approvals, invitations were sent to parents of enrolled children. Using a 4-day food record, foods and drinks consumed by 79 preschool aged children, were recorded by parents at home and by trained research assistants at RCC. The foods and drinks consumed during morning, afternoon and evening snack occasions coded by the "What We Eat in America" (WWEIA) categories and the provision of energy, sodium, fats, sugar and fiber were calculated. Descriptive statistics and independent t tests were used to determined differences between the foods and nutrients by where and when the snacks were consumed. Results: On average, children consumed 2.3 snacks per day. Fruit, salty/sweet items and dairy items were predominately consumed as snacks. Average daily contributions from snacks were 29% of energy, 22.6% sodium, 27.6% saturated fat, 39.9% sugar and 31.3% dietary fiber. Significantly more variety of food categories and higher sodium and fiber snacks were consumed at RCC than home. Home morning snacks had significantly more sugar than RCC morning snacks. Conclusions: The findings provide insight into the influences from RCC and home settings on snack intakes and the important role RCC food and nutrition regulations play in supporting healthy eating behaviors. Suggested recommendations are to de-emphasize the requirement for two food group servings for each snack at RCC, focus more on variety and nutrient dense snacks and encourage knowledge sharing between RCC and home environments to promote healthy children's snacking behaviors.

Purpose: Reducing our carbon footprint (CF) or decarbonizing is a sustainable development goal. Although there has been an increase in research on this topic, little is known about the status of CF research within universities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the initiatives implemented in universities aimed at reducing CF in their efforts toward creating a Green Campus. Design/methodology/approach: Using a bibliometric method, the status of this field of research was examined for the purpose of identifying the main publications and the most central researchers in terms of productivity and citations. Also, by using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), the regions of the world with the most active research, as well as the direction of research, were identified. Findings: The survey identified the region that published the most on the subject in the past 10 years, as well as the most relevant authors in the publications. Through this factor analysis, it was possible to identify, among the 105 publications analyzed, four distinct factors (clusters) with different thematic strands that appear to define a difference between the related studies on this topic. These factors were identified as campus management: supply and consumption operations; greenhouse gases emissions assessment: CF calculation; university air travel; sustainable food systems. The changes in people's attitudes and in the use of university spaces during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to the CF was also noted as a point that can be investigated in future research. As well as the reflection of the reduction in academic air travel and the "forced" occurrence of online events during the same period. Originality/value: The paper aims to innovate by applying the multidimensional scaling method and EFA to scientific articles on the topic of decarbonizing campuses and identifying the clusters that constitute this field of study. The research seeks to contribute to current metric knowledge on the topic and to the creation of a specific research agenda.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in sustainability knowledge, behaviors and attitudes among college students and to estimate the influence of knowledge of sustainability on students' sustainable behaviors. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional online survey was used to collect quantitative data on sustainability knowledge, behaviors and attitudes among 291 undergraduate college students at a mid-size Midwestern US university. This study used a structural equation model to answer the research questions. Findings: In all, 291 students completed a sustainability attitudes and behaviors survey. The results of this study show sustainability knowledge is poor (average score 5.3/10). Statistical modeling indicates positive influence of economic attitudes on sustainable behaviors; however, ecology and social attitudes were not associated with sustainable behaviors. Furthermore, those with greater sustainable knowledge engaged in fewer sustainable behaviors. Practical implications: Sustainability and/or wellness initiatives can provide education targeting actionable behaviors college students can make to reduce their carbon footprint, including washing clothes in cold water, limiting red meat consumption, recycling, reducing food waste and taking shorter showers. Sustainability initiatives such as organizing a recycling competition and coordinating volunteers for local clean-up days and events such as Earth Day celebrations offer opportunities for collaboration between campus departments and engagement and socialization among students, staff and faculty. The inclusion of sustainability in college curricula may increase students' knowledge, develop critical thinking skills and self-efficacy related to sustainability and promote climate action. Originality/value: First, this study adds to the literature in terms of the use of structural equation modeling. Second, this study's results indicate a dissociation between positive sustainable attitudes as they relate to sustainable behaviors. Why is it that students think the environment is important yet do not place importance on sustainable behaviors? These issues are highly relevant and present opportunities for future research and interventions aimed at increasing sustainable behaviors.

People often engage in unhealthy eating despite having an explicit goal to follow a healthy diet, especially under certain conditions such as a lack of time. A promising explanation from the value accumulation account is that food choices are based on the sequential consideration of the values of multiple outcomes, such as health and taste outcomes. Unhealthy choices may result if taste is considered before health. We examined whether making a health outcome more salient could alter this order, thereby leading to more healthy choices even under time pressure. Two studies examined the time-dependent effect of outcome values and salience on food choices. Participants first completed priming trials on which they rated food items on healthiness (health condition), tastiness (taste condition), or both healthiness and tastiness (control condition). They then completed blocks of binary choice trials between healthy and tasty items. The available response time was manipulated continuously in Study 1 (N = 161) and categorically in Study 2 (N = 318). As predicted, results showed that the values of health and taste outcomes influenced choices and that priming led to more choices in line with the primed outcomes even when time was scarce. We did not obtain support for the prediction that the priming effect is time-dependent in the sense that primed outcomes are considered before non-primed outcomes. Together, these findings suggest that increasing the value and salience of a health outcome may be effective ways to increase healthy choices, even under poor conditions such as time pressure.

Outreach activities give high school students an opportunity to better understand the techniques and strategies used by researchers. Here is an experience with high school students designed to familiarize them with genetic methodologies. Students have been challenged to discover whether restaurant beef burgers are made with female or male beef. This represents a didactic way to introduce students to genetic traceability methodologies and also to demonstrate the usefulness of these methodologies in relation to food safety and, more importantly, in sustaining consumer confidence. The exercise is planned to be conducted in a one-day laboratory session.

Purpose: This study aims to introduce a new instrument to assess the perception of the university community after the Climate Emergency Declaration (CED) and its application at the Universidad de Salamanca (USAL) in Spain. This CED includes a comprehensive program to reduce the carbon footprint and the introduction of the education for sustainable development in the curriculum. This study aims to understand the gap between perception and reality in the program's implementation and verify whether the student organization's initial push translates into higher approval ratings. Design/methodology/approach: The authors conducted a cross-sectional analytical study. In this research, the authors used a sample of 731 people from the USAL community (67% students, 20% academics and the rest administrative and service staff). Findings: The findings revealed that PhD students are the group with the highest perception of the policies implemented by the university to fight climate change, even higher than academics. In addition, the perception of the food, energy and sustainable mobility aspects of the program are good predictors: of the knowledge of the indicators and of the policy dimensions within the CED. Originality/value: The university community perception survey for a CED process provides a gateway into the gaps between perception, expectations and reality. Moreover, it is helpful to engage its members in action plans to fight climate change and its impacts.

Free school meals provide support to vulnerable families in the Republic of Ireland. Funding is allocated as part of an anti-poverty strategy. An investigation was carried out to discover if the school meal could be used to provide nutritious scratch-cooked food as well as providing opportunities for increased socialisation and pedagogy. Food affects students in a myriad of ways and schools are in a unique position to guide what and how young people eat. This article draws on data from an ethnographic study in an inner city Dublin school. The school recently had a scratch-cooking canteen embedded within it. Using a case study methodology, this paper investigates whether this type of canteen can lead to the school becoming a more food literate entity by building a scaffolding that can facilitate a greater knowledge of food throughout the school, increased interest in tasting new foods and spaces for socialisation over a meal.

This article presents a case study on changing food practices from traditional cold sandwich meals to hot meals in a Norwegian kindergarten. Data were sourced from interviews, complemented by non-participatory video observation and observational notes. Building on Fullan's model for understanding a change process, this paper presents the initiation, implementation, continuation and results of such a change, and identifies three key factors that contributed to the successful change in practices in the case kindergarten. These factors are: (1) shared leadership in the change process; (2) the support for change from the parents; and (3) children's (as change partners) involvement and participation. The conclusion section of the paper discusses the implications of the findings for kindergartens and educators in terms of how to facilitate a locally relevant and context-specific change. In addition, this paper illuminates children's agency and their indispensable roles in the change implementation in particular, and sheds light on the importance of their involvement to increase the likelihood of a successful change.

This paper examines how in-service teachers enrolled in an MA in TESOL program demonstrated critical language awareness (CLA) as they designed and implemented ethnographic action research projects anchored in funds of knowledge. The action research project aimed to introduce teachers to school-based ethnographic research and to provide an opportunity to incorporate community funds of knowledge into their unit plans. Drawing from program documents such as the in-service teachers' research proposals, papers, and unit plans, the study highlights how awareness of the intersections of language and local power dynamics in their schools informed their decision-making about their research and curricular designs. At each stage of the research process, the teachers narrated how they restructured their interactional roles within established classroom routines, school-playtime, community, and family-school events for purposes of inquiring about student and family funds of knowledge. By integrating theories of funds of knowledge and CLA, the analysis shows how teacher understandings of sociopolitical and sociolinguistic contexts shaped which, how, and whose knowledge became resources (or not) in their curricular plans. The study suggests the benefit of professional development that includes CLA for purposes of supporting teachers as they aim to incorporate and leverage funds of knowledge of students, families, and communities in their curricula.

The purpose of this article was to re-examine the empirical research focused on the creation and recreation of pre-school teachers' identity and their practices with multilingual children and language development. The analysis was based on empirical sequences from previously published qualitative analyses with the assistance of an interactionist perspective and earlier research revolving around the phenomenon of "social interaction and learning". Pre-school teachers emphasised the significance of everyday practical interactions for language development and presented themselves as competent parties who build upon their knowledge via interaction with multilingual children. Thus, the interaction with multilingual children becomes a fundamental dimension of the pre-school teachers' professional identity. The interactive dimension is important to the successful involvement and integration of multilingual children in the pre-school context and social pedagogical recognition of the identity of pre-school teachers who engage in practical work among these children.

Informed by the critical theory, this paper contributes to debates on decolonising education as an agenda for a heritage-driven curriculum espoused by the current Zimbabwe competence-based curriculum. It focuses on the "O" level Food Technology and Design curriculum, an area that has not been much explored. The paper challenges visible and subtle hegemonic tendencies embedded in the school curriculum, making it difficult for school graduates to identify with their heritage. Using literature review and policy documents' analysis, it explores the place of indigenous leafy vegetables in the "O" level Food Technology and Design curriculum. Two observations are highlighted. Firstly, there is limited space provided for indigenous leafy vegetables in the "O" level Food Technology and Design curriculum. Secondly, not much has been emphasised on the nutritional value of indigenous leafy vegetables. To this end, we argue that the "O" level Food Technology and Design curriculum needs to be decolonised if more space is to be provided to indigenous leafy vegetables. To achieve this, advocacy and a deliberate shift towards the inclusion of indigenous dishes and particularly indigenous leafy vegetables in the teaching and learning of Food Technology and Design ought to be foregrounded.

Impedance (Z), resistance (R), reactance (Xc), and phase angle (PhA) are sensitive to shifts in fluid between intra- and extracellular compartments, as would occur with nutrient uptake into skeletal muscle, but remains largely unexplored. To explore the sensitivity of whole-body and segmental (arms, legs, trunk) bioimpedance to acute feeding, 27 young adults completed three feeding conditions on separate occasions in randomized, cross-over design [high-carbohydrate (CHO), high-protein (PRO), fasted (FAST); standardized for fluid]. Bioimpedance was completed one-hour post-meal. Differences between feeding conditions at 5, 50, 250 kHz were evaluated. At 5 kHz, whole-body Xc and PhA were significantly different with CHO (p = 0.017), but not PRO (p = 0.152), compared to FAST; there were no significant differences at 50 or 250 kHz (p > 0.05). Segmental bioimpedance was significantly different with CHO and PRO compared to FAST [5 kHz: (Arms: Z, R, Xc,PhA; Trunk: Z, R; p = 0.002), 50 kHz:(Arms: Z, R, Xc; Trunk: Z, R, Xc; p < 0.02), 250 kHz:(Arms: Z, R; Trunk: Z, R; Legs: PhA; p = 0.009)]. Results suggest segmental bioimpedance at 5 kHz is sensitive to acute nutrition. Further exploration is warranted.

Garrett Hardin's "The Tragedy of the Commons" is a classic piece of academic literature in geography and cognate fields. Applying theories of embodied cognition and performance pedagogies, this paper presents a classroom-based activity that can be used to teach the concepts of "The Tragedy of the Commons" in a way that will likely intersect with students' own lived experiences more meaningfully than Hardin's central example of a group of livestock owners making use of a shared field for grazing. The activity involves a dialogue among five student volunteer actors that iteratively portrays a group of friends trying to negotiate their own advantages alongside a sense of equity in the context of dividing the cost of a shared meal. During and after the performance, key opportunities are presented for the instructor to lead a discussion about Hardin's "tragedy" as well as the solutions he proposes by which it might be overcome. The model of scripted performance plus impromptu discussion used here can be applied to the teaching of other complex topics in the geography classroom.

There is a growing issue of university students not being able to afford or have access to nutritious food. Although research reveals that food insecurity negatively impacts student well-being and engagement, few studies have explored its impact on academic performance. Most of these studies use self-reported measures of academic performance in college samples from the United States. The current study is novel in that it explores food insecurity in an Australian university sample and uses actual academic performance (weighted average marks; WAM) rather than relying on self-reported grades. We also consider the role of psychological distress in the relationship between food insecurity and academic performance. Participants comprised 664 undergraduate students aged 18 to 25 years at a public university in Melbourne, Australia. One-quarter of students (25.5%) were classified as food insecure. Renting, receiving government benefits, having a disability and being older were positively associated with food insecurity and food insecurity was associated with poorer academic performance and increased psychological distress. Psychological distress partially mediated the relationship between WAM and food insecurity, meaning that students experiencing food insecurity are more likely to experience increased psychological distress which then impairs their academic performance. The prevalence of food insecurity in university students suggest that interventions aimed at improving both mental health and access to food could serve to enhance success at university, especially for students who cannot afford or do not have access to nutritious food.

Participation in recreation activities is an important contributor to quality of life and well-being. However, recreation participation and satisfaction are reduced among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to barriers at the individual and environmental level. Community-based recreation events offer inclusive solutions but remain understudied. This study sought to examine families' goals for participation, explore their perspectives and evaluate their satisfaction following participation in a series of community-based recreation events. Anonymous data was collected for 53 attendees. Following quantitative and qualitative analysis, three primary goals for participation were identified: desire for an inclusive space, socialisation and spending time as a family in the community. Three similar themes emerged as the most valuable aspects of the events: non-judgemental environment, networking and social interaction, and fun activities. Lastly, aspects that participants disliked were categorised into five themes: environmental characteristics, opportunities for structured interaction, food options, geographical distance and incompatibility with age and/or interest. Overall, families were satisfied with the events, likely to attend again, and likely to recommend to others. The implications of the study's findings are discussed, including considerations for improving community-based recreation events for individuals with ASD and directions for future study.

The international student experience has strategically transformed the internationalisation of higher education globally. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, international student wellbeing has decreased. To enhance their wellbeing, we argue international students' experience should be broadened to include community engagement, thereby increasing core capabilities for, by and with international students. Using Sen's capability approach as a conceptual framework, we conducted a study in South Australia during the height of the pandemic. Partnering with one local non-for-profit organisation, we asked: 'How have engagements with the local community affected international students' capabilities to enhance their wellbeing?' We offer critical interpretivist perspectives to report on a pilot study of 75 survey responses and 18 in-depth interviews. The findings identify diverse macro-structural forces that form a social context which has marginalised the students. Despite contingent and tenuous social relations and contexts, with support from the community outside the university, some students converted their capabilities to fortify their wellbeing. This study is critical given that the goal of re-strategising internationalisation of higher education begins from the students' needs through an effective partnership between universities and communities.

Research shows that cultural aspects may contribute to obesity among Latinos; however, the role of fathers in the family's health habits is largely unexplored. "Padres Activos" (PA) is an experientially-based behavioral intervention designed to address this gap by targeting Latino fathers and their children around issues of food consumption/preparation, physical activity, stress management through education, engagement, and direct experience. This paper describes how the curriculum for PA was developed through a participatory framework, and models the application of culturally competent approaches and experiential learning to improve health outcomes now and in the next generation.

This paper is based on a survey conducted with 3153 students coming from 29 public elementary and high schools in the Philippines. A majority of the students were 9-12 years old. This current paper seeks to know which type of parental involvement is most pronounced and helpful in improving children's school outcomes. This study concludes that parental involvement among Filipino parents in low-income households is generally low. Child-related factors, namely, having academic merit, frequent daily meals, and internet skills increased parental involvement. Results of the study point to the importance of providing home-based parental involvement opportunities to parents. Parents from low-income families spend most of their time making ends meet for economic survival. Instead of competing for their attention, schools can provide avenues where parents can engage in children's learning at home. Schools can capitalise on parents' ability to influence children's school outcomes through parenting for education.

Laypeople's estimates of carbon footprints have repeatedly shown to be deficient, which may hinder targeted behavior change to reduce CO2 emissions. In an online study (N = 127), a vast underestimation of carbon footprints for 60 food items was observed in an on average highly educated convenience sample, confirming a lack of carbon footprints knowledge. Then, target carbon footprint values for a small subset of 15 "seeding" items were provided, which led to a large improvement in a second estimate for both the seeding as well as the remaining transfer items. A lens model analysis showed that participants adjusted the weighting of several predictors in the correct direction due to this simple intervention. It is argued that although almost 30 years old, "seeding the knowledge base" has probably been neglected as an effective low-cost intervention for improving quantitative knowledge of the public. This is especially important concerning societal problems that rely on adequate numerical knowledge for behavior regulation.

The application of edutainment and gamification resources as complementary methodologies allows to reinforce and facilitate the internalization of learning, although there are hardly any studies that relate its use to the organizational culture of educational establishments. This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the "Foodball" gamification program, applied to nutritional education as a strategy for innovation and learning and, specifically, its relationship with the teacher perception of organizational culture in education. A transversal methodology was used with students between 7 and 10 years old (n = 185), and teachers (n = 55) from 14 public primary schools in Rome and Ostia (Italy). "Ad hoc" assessment scales and the Organizational Culture Inventory (OCI) were used in the collection of information. For the analysis of the data, descriptive and inferential tests were carried out. The results associate the potential of these resources with an active participation and motivation in the learning process, as well as with the internalization of the information. Likewise, the teachers who participated in the educational entertainment crossmedia format obtained higher scores in the perception of the organizational culture, revealing significant differences according to gender and the acceptance of error as a unit value, and age with the perception of innovation. It is concluded in the need to deepen in these results through the design of longitudinal studies on the use of gamification resources and its effective incidence in the organizational culture.

Students used inquiry to invest folklore in their community. As part of the C3 inquiry arc students defined questions, connected folklore to a discipline, gathered data from their community and communicated information. Students' agency drove each of the projects as the students determined how much they would investigate each topic. Students explored folk art, folk construction, folk crafts, folk games, ghost stories, food, jokelore, folk medicine, and folk music. Students created projects based on their research for authentic audiences.

This case examined five students' experiences of participating in a film-mediated community-based discourse about local Asian Canadian communities, where students viewed and created documentary films in a fourth-year English course that focused on diasporic foodways. Phenomenographic perspectives guided an analysis of the students' experiences; data sources included semi-structured interviews, recordings and notes of classroom lessons, students' films, and course notes. Findings illustrated different ways the students learned as they engaged with course materials, films, guest speakers, and interviewing local community members: They (1) developed increasingly complex understandings of local Asian Canadian culture and issues; (2) experienced transformative learning as they reframed understandings of select experiences, place, and people; and (3) were motivated to participate in social action to promote greater inclusion and give voice to the historically silenced. Findings also extend place-based perspectives by challenging a monolithic treatment of 'history', urging for greater reflexivity of one's relationship to community members.

Background: Lack of nutrition knowledge, low preference for fruits and vegetables (F&V), and underdeveloped taste are recognized as modifiable influencers of children's F&V intake. Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of a behavior-and age-specific nutrition education intervention to improve nutrition knowledge and preference for F&V among elementary school children. Methods: In a quasi-experimental pre-and posttest assessment designed study, a six-week nutrition education intervention (including class-based nutrition education, hands-on activities, cooking demonstrations, and tasting) was implemented at four elementary schools. Nutrition knowledge and preference for F&V were evaluated at baseline and after the intervention. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was carried out to examine the differences between baseline and post-assessment. Results: A total of 115 children (3rd-5th grade) completed both baseline and post-assessment. After the intervention, participants showed a significant improvement in nutrition knowledge (mean [± sd] change score: 7.6 ± 3.7, P < 0.001). A significant improvement in F&V preference (Ps < 0.001) was found among the participants after the intervention. Discussion: An age-and behavior-focused nutrition education intervention can improve children's nutrition knowledge and F&V preference. Translation to Health Education Practice: This nutrition education curriculum can be implemented for the child population (age-specific groups) by adapting cultural priorities in nutrition lessons and cooking recipes. A AJHE Self-Study quiz is online for this article via the SHAPE America Online Institute (SAOI) http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars http://portal.shapeamerica.org/trn-Webinars

Meaningful and enjoyable experiences are important in the education of children. In this qualitative case study, the garden program (incl. market garden shop, garden care, Kid's Kitchen, and chicken coop) in one Australian primary school was explored to determine its impact on the mathematical learning of children. Data were collected using focus groups (four student, three parent and three volunteer groups), three teacher interviews, weekly garden journal entries and, when possible, through observation. This program provided opportunities for enriched mathematical learning facilitated by: early exposure to mathematical applications through mixed-age groups at different stations; an authentic, real-life setting to apply mathematical learning; and the consolidation of mathematical experiences through weekly engagement. These program features were found to positively impact the mathematical readiness, attitudes and competence of students.

Purpose: Because food waste is a serious problem today, society is currently aiming for more responsible consumption to minimize it, as defined in the 12th goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study aims to examine whether an informative initiative can help to raise university students' awareness of food waste consequences. Design/methodology/approach: The initiative consisted of explaining the problem of food waste to students of two marketing subject modules within economics and business administration degrees and asking them to participate in an activity in which they analyzed their own behavior. To assess its impact, two questionnaires about the students' food waste behaviors were administered, before and after the initiative, adopting an experimental design. Findings: The results show that the information and awareness activities were successful, because, after the initiative, the students were more aware about the food waste problem and its consequences and were more critical of their behavior regarding the management of leftovers at home. Research limitations/implications: Despite some circumstances under which the study was conducted (the COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown), the practical and social implications are relevant. Practical implications: This study offers some interesting practical implications for educational institutions that want to inform and train students in more responsible consumption behavior. It shows that an initiative in which students are involved, like collecting data about food waste, in their homes with a diary, and informative sessions can be useful to increase students' awareness of food waste to behave in a more sustainable way. Social implications: These findings may be of interest to academics for designing initiatives that try to train and educate young people in making more responsible personal and professional decisions. Originality/value: This study analyzes the impact of an awareness-raising initiative about food waste in higher education, which is a relatively neglected topic in the literature.

The purpose of this article is to describe a modeling sequence about the digestive system. "What happens in your body when you have lactose intolerance?" is the initial question that will guide the activities. Students will build a 3D plaster cast of the digestive system as part of a modeling cycle through which they are expected to evaluate and refine their models both individually and cooperatively. Today, about two-thirds of the population in the world are known to have lactose intolerance. Besides, lactose intolerance and allergy to cow's milk are usually mistaken by the public. For those reasons, the topic seems fundamental to be taught to children in the science class.