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The isolated dual active bridge (DAB)-based two-stage AC-DC-DC converters have been widely applied in grid-connected power electronics systems. However, the impedance interactions between the DAB converter and the AC-DC rectifier can cause instability problems to the two-stage converter systems. The accurate terminal impedance characteristics of the DAB converters are still not clear due to the high frequency ac conversion stage. This makes it difficult to assess the impacts of the DAB circuit parameters on the stability of the two-stage converters. To address these issues, the impedance models of the DAB converters are originally derived in this paper. Based on the developed impedance models, the stability of the DAB-based two-stage AC-DC-DC converters is analyzed. The impacts of the DAB converter circuit parameters on the stability of the two-stage AC-DC-DC converters are comprehensively revealed by the Bode and Nyquist plots. The analysis results offer instructive implications to finetune the design rules of the DAB converters. The conclusions are validated by comprehensive simulation and experimental results.

Background: G-protein coupled receptor 34 (GPR34) is involved in cell motility, differentiation, and mitosis. GPR34 was reported to be highly expressed and play an oncogenic role in several solid tumors. Here, we investigated the mechanisms underlying how GPR34 promotes glioma progression. Methods: Bioinformatic analysis was performed on RNA-seq and clinical data from the gene expression omnibus (GEO), cancer genome atlas (TCGA), and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. TIMER database and single-sample GSEA (ssGAEA) method were used to investigate the association between the GPR34 expression and immune infiltration level in glioma. Cox regression analysis was employed to ascertain whether the risk signature was an independent prognostic indicator for glioma. The viability and migratory/invasive potential of glioma cells were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays. Results: We found that GPR34 expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration level and that high GPR34 level may be associated with poor prognosis in glioma. We further found that GPR34 may serve as an independent prognostic marker and prediction factor for the clinicopathological features of glioma. We showed that knocking down GPR34 attenuated the viability and migratory/invasive capacity of glioma cells (U251 and LN229), while GPR34 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Additionally, core enrichment in the GSEA analysis indicated that GPR34-mediated gliomagenesis was associated with the cell cycle arrest, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway; furthermore, inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling using LY2157299, a TGF-β inhibitor, reversed the oncogenic effects and malignant phenotype associated with GPR34 overexpression. Conclusion: GPR34 enhances the malignancy and carcinogenesis of glioma by promoting an EMT-like process, G1/S phase cell cycle transition, and TGF-β/Smad signaling. Accordingly, GPR34 likely functions as an oncogene in glioma and may represent a potential therapeutic target for this cancer.

BackgroundThe existing prognostic models of rectal cancer after radical resection ignored the relationships among prognostic factors and their mutual effects on prognosis. Thus, a new modeling method is required to remedy this defect. The present study aimed to construct a new prognostic prediction model based on the Bayesian network (BN), a machine learning tool for data mining, clinical decision-making, and prognostic prediction.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2017, the clinical data of 705 patients with rectal cancer who underwent radical resection were analyzed. The entire cohort was divided into training and testing datasets. A new prognostic prediction model based on BN was constructed and compared with a nomogram.ResultsA univariate analysis showed that age, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Carbohydrate antigen19-9 (CA19-9), Carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), preoperative chemotherapy, macropathology type, tumor size, differentiation status, T stage, N stage, vascular invasion, KRAS mutation, and postoperative chemotherapy were associated with overall survival (OS) of the training dataset. Based on the above-mentioned variables, a 3-year OS prognostic prediction BN model of the training dataset was constructed using the Tree Augmented Naïve Bayes method. In addition, age, CEA, CA19-9, CA125, differentiation status, T stage, N stage, KRAS mutation, and postoperative chemotherapy were identified as independent prognostic factors of the training dataset through multivariate Cox regression and were used to construct a nomogram. Then, based on the testing dataset, the two models were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of ROC of the BN model and nomogram was 80.11 and 74.23%, respectively.ConclusionThe present study established a BN model for prognostic prediction of rectal cancer for the first time, which was demonstrated to be more accurate than a nomogram.

Human epigenome and transcription activities have been characterized by a number of sequence-based deep learning approaches which only utilize the DNA sequences. However, transcription factors interact with each other, and their collaborative regulatory activities go beyond the linear DNA sequence. Therefore leveraging the informative 3D chromatin organization to investigate the collaborations among transcription factors is critical. We developed ECHO, a graph-based neural network, to predict chromatin features and characterize the collaboration among them by incorporating 3D chromatin organization from 200-bp high-resolution Micro-C contact maps. ECHO predicted 2,583 chromatin features with significantly higher average AUROC and AUPR than the best sequence-based model. We observed that chromatin contacts of different distances affected different types of chromatin features' prediction in diverse ways, suggesting complex and divergent collaborative regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, ECHO was interpretable via gradient-based attribution methods. The attributions on chromatin contacts identify important contacts relevant to chromatin features. The attributions on DNA sequences identify TF binding motifs and TF collaborative binding. Furthermore, combining the attributions on contacts and sequences reveals important sequence patterns in the neighborhood which are relevant to a target sequence's chromatin feature prediction.

Keloids are fibroproliferative skin disorder caused by abnormal healing of injured or irritated skin and are characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and deposition, which results in excessive collagen disorders and calcinosis, increasing the remodeling and stiffness of keloid matrix. The pathogenesis of keloid is very complex, and may include changes in cell function, genetics, inflammation, and other factors. In this review, we aim to discuss the role of biomechanical factors in keloid formation. Mechanical stimulation can lead to excessive proliferation of wound fibroblasts, deposition of ECM, secretion of more pro-fibrosis factors, and continuous increase of keloid matrix stiffness. Matrix mechanics resulting from increased matrix stiffness further activates the fibrotic phenotype of keloid fibroblasts, thus forming a loop that continuously invades the surrounding normal tissue. In this process, mechanical force is one of the initial factors of keloid formation, and matrix mechanics leads to further keloid development. Next, we summarized the mechanotransduction pathways involved in the formation of keloids, such as TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway, integrin signaling pathway, YAP/TAZ signaling pathway, and calcium ion pathway. Finally, some potential biomechanics-based therapeutic concepts and strategies are described in detail. Taken together, these findings underscore the importance of biomechanical factors in the formation and progression of keloids and highlight their regulatory value. These findings may help facilitate the development of pharmacological interventions that can ultimately prevent and reduce keloid formation and progression.

The transcription factor, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), plays important roles in modulating the proliferation, metastasis, or resistance to antitumor agents by promoting cellular lipid metabolism and related cellular glucose-uptake/Warburg Effect. However, the underlying mechanism of SREBP-1 regulating the proliferation or drug-resistance in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and the therapeutic strategies targeted to SREBP-1 in LUSC remain unclear. In this study, SREBP-1 was highly expressed in LUSC tissues, compared with the paired non-tumor tissues (the para-tumor tissues). A novel small-molecule inhibitor of SREBP-1, MSI-1 (Ma’s inhibitor of SREBP-1), based on natural product monomers, was identified by screening the database of natural products. Treatment with MSI-1 suppressed the activation of SREBP-1-related pathways and the Warburg effect of LUSC cells, as indicated by decreased glucose uptake or glycolysis. Moreover, treatment of MSI-1 enhanced the sensitivity of LUSC cells to antitumor agents. The specificity of MSI-1 on SREBP-1 was confirmed by molecular docking and point-mutation of SPEBP-1. Therefore, MSI-1 improved our understanding of SREBP-1 and provided additional options for the treatment of LUSC.

Summary: This paper develops a multi-sector and multi-factor structural gravity model that allows an analytical and quantitative decomposition of the emission and output changes into composition and technique effects. We find that the negative production shock of China’s containment policy propagates globally via supply chains, with the carbon-intensive sectors experiencing the greatest carbon emission shocks. We further reveal that China’s current stimulus package in 2021–2025 is consistent with China’s emission intensity-reduction goals for 2025, but further efforts are required to meet China’s carbon emissions-peaking target in 2030 and Cancun 2°C goal. Short-term changes in carbon emissions resulting from lockdowns and initial fiscal stimuli in “economic rescue” period have minor long-term effects, whereas the transitional direction of future fiscal stimulus exerts more predominant impact on long-term carbon emissions. The efficiency improvement effects are more important than the sectoral structure effects of the fiscal stimulus in achieving greener economic growth.

Breast cancer cells exhibit deregulated metabolism. They require increased glucose uptake and glycolysis-associated enzymes to produce adenosine triphosphate by aerobic glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation. Glutamine metabolism and fatty acid synthesis are also enhanced to meet the rapid and sustained cell growth. Triple-negative breast cancer and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-positive breast cancers demonstrate significant metabolic reprograming with increased levels of glucose and glutamine metabolism. Increasing evidences also suggest that micro-ribonucleic acids play important roles in the regulation of metabolic enzymes of breast cancer cells in post-transcriptional manner. Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and oestrogen receptor signalling pathways could have crosstalk with micro-ribonucleic acids in metabolic regulation network. The current narrative review was planned to go through recent advances on the role of micro-ribonucleic acids on metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer cells. Key Words: Breast cancer, Phenotype, miRNA, Metabolic reprogramming, Glycolysis, Glutamine. Continuous...

BackgroundThis meta-analysis aimed to determine the prognostic impact of microscopically positive margins (R1) on primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors.MethodsA literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for studies up to 23 November 2020. The pooled disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between R1 and negative margins (R0) were estimated using a random-effects model.ResultsTwenty studies with 6,465 patients were included. Compared with R0 resection, R1 was associated with poor DFS in patients who did not receive adjuvant Imatinib (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.26–2.09; P = 0.48, I2 = 0%; reference: R0). This negative impact of R1 disappeared with the use of adjuvant Imatinib (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.95–1.60; P = 0.38, I2 = 6%; reference: R0). R1 was related to poor DFS in gastric GISTs (HR: 2.15, 95% CI: 1.15–5.02, I2 = 0%; reference: R0), which was attenuated in the subgroup of adjuvant Imatinib (HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 0.32–15.60; P = 0.84, I2 = 0%; reference: R0). Rectal GIST with R1 margin who even received adjuvant Imatinib still had poor DFS (HR: 3.79, 95% CI: 1.27–11.31; P = 0.54, I2 = 0%; reference: R0). Patients who underwent R1 resection had similar OS compared with those underwent R0 resection regardless of the use of adjuvant Imatinib.ConclusionR1 was associated with poor DFS for primary GISTs, which was attenuated by adjuvant therapy with Imatinib. Similar result was observed in the gastric GISTs subgroup. Rectal GIST patients with R1 resection had poor DFS even when they received adjuvant Imatinib. The R1 margin did not influence the OS of GISTs.

The impedance-based criterion has turned out to be a very effective tool for the stability analysis of the dual active bridge (DAB) converter with its input LC filter. While the input impedance of the DAB converter is highly dependent on the modulation methods, the influences of the modulation methods on the input impedances of the DAB converters are still not clear. To close this gap, three typical modulation methods of DAB converters, traditional single-phase-shift (SPS), dual-phase-shift (DPS) and the emerging cooperative triple-phase-shift (CTPS) modulation, are studied in this paper. First, the full-order input impedance models of the DAB converter with these modulation methods are derived for the first time. Second, based on the developed models, the impacts of these modulation schemes on the DAB input impedances are revealed. An interesting phenomenon is found that the open-loop impedances of SPS-DAB and DPS-DAB converters present the characteristics of the parallel-connected inductor and capacitor, while the open-loop impedance of CTPS-DAB converter presents the resistor characteristics. Third, the optimal modulation scheme for system stability is investigated. Finally, the theoretical analysis has been validated by the experimental results.

Our previous studies have clarified that red nucleus (RN) interleukin (IL)-6 is involved in the maintenance of neuropathic pain and produces a facilitatory effect by activating JAK2/STAT3 and ERK pathways. In this study, we further explored the immune molecular mechanisms of rubral IL-6-mediated descending facilitation at the spinal cord level. IL-6-evoked tactile allodynia was established by injecting recombinant IL-6 into the unilateral RN of naive male rats. Following intrarubral administration of IL-6, obvious tactile allodynia was evoked in the contralateral hindpaw of rats. Meanwhile, the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6 were elevated in the contralateral spinal dorsal horn (L4–L6), blocking spinal TNF-α, IL-1β, or IL-6 with neutralizing antibodies relieved IL-6-evoked tactile allodynia. Conversely, the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-10 were reduced in the contralateral spinal dorsal horn (L4–L6), an intrathecal supplement of exogenous TGF-β, or IL-10 attenuated IL-6-evoked tactile allodynia. Further studies demonstrated that intrarubral pretreatment with JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor AG490 suppressed the elevations of spinal TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and promoted the expressions of TGF-β and IL-10 in IL-6-evoked tactile allodynia rats. However, intrarubral pretreatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059 only restrained the increase in spinal TNF-α and enhanced the expression of spinal IL-10. These findings imply that rubral IL-6 plays descending facilitation and produces algesic effect through upregulating the expressions of spinal pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and downregulating the expressions of spinal anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 by activating JAK2/STAT3 and/or ERK pathways, which provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of pathological pain.

AIM: To evaluate the retinal image of two types of aspheric diffractive multifocal intraocular lens(IOL).METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Totally 155 cases of simple cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with IOLs implantation from October 2017 to October 2019. They were divided into three groups according to the types of IOL: Aspheric Bifocal Diffractive Group: 54 patients(54 eyes); Aspheric Trifocal Diffractive Group: 54 patients(54 eyes); Aspheric Monofocal Group: 47 patients(47 eyes). All patients were evaluated postoperatively at 6mo. Double-pass visual quality analysis system was used to evaluate OSI, MTF cutoff, Strehl Ratio, OV 100%, OV 20% and OV 9% respectively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity(5m), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(80cm), uncorrected near visual acuity(40cm), corrected distance visual acuity, distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity, distance-corrected near visual acuity were measured and compared among three groups. Visual function-14 was also assessed.RESULTS:Both of bifocal and trifocal groups had similar MTF cutoff(P=0.445), OV 100%, OV 20% and OV 9%(OV 100%: P=0.974; OV20%: P=0.713; OV 9%: P=0.947). Monofocal group had better MTF cutoff(P=0.007), OV 100%(P=0.001), OV 20%(P=0.002)and OV 9%(P=0.011)than bifocal. Besides, monofocal group had better MTF cutoff(P=0.043), OV 100%(P=0.012), OV 20%(P=0.043)and OV 9%(P=0.029)than trifocal group. There was no difference among all groups in uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity(P=0.054, 0.180). There was difference in distance-corrected intermediate(H=91.292, P

Modified polyurethane concrete (MPUC) is a new material for steel deck pavements. In service, the pavement is often cracked due to excessive tensile stress caused by temperature changes. In order to study the tensile properties of MPUC in the diurnal temperature range of steel decks, uniaxial tensile tests of MPUC were carried out at five temperatures. Three kinds of specimens and a novel fixture were designed and fabricated to compare the results of four different tensile test methods. The deformation of the specimen was collected synchronously by two methods: pasting strain gauge and digital image correlation (DIC) technique. Based on the experiment, the tensile mechanical properties, failure modes, and constitutive relations of MPUC were studied under the effect of temperature. The research results show that the novel fixture can avoid stress concentration. By observing the fracture surface of the specimens, the bonding performance is great between the binder and the aggregate at different temperatures. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of MPUC decrease with increasing temperatures, while the fracture strain, and fracture energy increase with increasing temperatures. The formulas of temperature-dependent tensile strength, fracture strain, and elastic modulus of MPUC were established, and the constitutive relationship of MPUC is further constructed in the rising stage under uniaxial tension. The calculation results show good agreement with experimental ones.

Biophysical parameters such as substrate topography and stiffness have been shown independently to elicit profound effects on neuronal differentiation and maturation from neural progenitor cells (NPCs) yet have not been investigated in combination. Here, the effects of various micrograting and stiffness combinations on neuronal differentiation and maturation were investigated using a polyacrylamide and N-acryloyl-6-aminocaproic acid copolymer (PAA-ACA) hydrogel with tunable stiffness. Whole laminin was conjugated onto the PAA-ACA surface indirectly or directly to facilitate long-term mouse and human NPC-derived neuron attachment. Three micrograting dimensions (2–10 µm) were patterned onto gels with varying stiffness (6.1–110.5 kPa) to evaluate the effects of topography, stiffness, and their interaction. The results demonstrate that the extracellular matrix (ECM)-modified PAA-ACA gels support mouse and human neuronal cell attachment throughout the differentiation and maturation stages (14 and 28 days, respectively). The interaction between topography and stiffness is shown to significantly increase the proportion of β-tubulin III (TUJ1) positive neurons and microtubule associated protein-2 (MAP2) positive neurite branching and length. Thus, the effects of topography and stiffness cannot be imparted. These results provide a novel platform for neural mechanobiology studies and emphasize the utility of optimizing numerous biophysical cues for improved neuronal yield in vitro.

Measurements of charged-particle production in pp and p-Pb collisions at √SNN=5.02 TeVsNN=5.02 TeV in the toward, away and transverse regions are discussed. These three regions are defined event by event relative to the track with the largest transverse momentum (pTtrigpTtrig). The transverse region is sensitive to the underlying event (UE), but it also includes contributions from initial-and final-state radiation (1SR-FSR). Therefore, it is further subdivided in two regions, defined according to their relative multiplicities: trans-max (the sub-transverse region with the larger multiplicity) and trans-min (the sub-transverse region with the smaller multiplicity) regions which have an enhanced sensitivity to ISR-FSR and UE, respectively. KNO-like scaling properties are explored in the three defined regions. Finally, the relationship between pTtrigpTtrig and the energy detected in a region close to beam rapidity (very forward energy) is reported.

The sliding of roof snow may result in surcharges of snow load on lower roofs or the injury of pedestrians on the ground. It is therefore of great significance to study the mechanism of roof snow sliding, such that prevention or control measures can be developed to manage the risk. Considering four commonly used roofing materials, glass, steel, membrane, and concrete, two types of experiments were carried out in this study to possibly reveal the influence of roofing materials on the shear strength of the roof–snow interface: one is the critical angle tests where the angle at which the snow starts to slide off from the roof is tested, and the other is the shearing tests which aim to test the shear strength of the roof–snow interfaces at specific temperatures. The results showed that the critical angle for roof snow sliding, as well as the shear strength of the roof–snow interface for the four considered roofing materials, show a U-shape trend with the increase in surface roughness and that the shear strength of the roof–snow surface ranges from 0.15 kPa to 2 kPa for the cases considered, while the strength reaches its maximum at certain temperatures near −5 °C for a specific roofing material and snow thickness. These findings could be a useful reference for future experimental or simulation studies on roof snow sliding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our data revealed that miR-17-5p is enriched in the urine exosomes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Further investigation showed that miR-17-5p functions as a tumor promoter both in vitro and in vivo, possibly by targeting ARID4B and influencing the immune system. These findings imply that miR-17-5p might be a novel target for bladder cancer treatment. Background: Urothelial bladder cancer (BCa) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system. It has been identified that exosomal miRNAs contribute to the development of BCa. However, its significance and mechanism in the malignant biological behavior of BCa remain unclear. In this study, the influence of exosomal miRNAs on BCa progression was investigated. Methods: High-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the microRNA-expression profile in urinary exosomes to screen out the key miRNA of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Then, candidate miRNA expression was verified and validated in urinary exosomes and tissue samples. To address the potential role of the candidate miRNA, we overexpressed and knocked down the candidate miRNA and explored its activity in BCa cell lines. Furthermore, the target gene of the selected miRNA was predicted and validated. Results: The expression profile of miRNAs revealed increased expression of miR-17-5p in MIBC urinary exosomes, and this was later confirmed in urinary exosomes and tissue samples. Cell function studies revealed that exosomal miR-17-5p significantly promoted the growth and invasion of BCa cells. Bioinformatics and luciferase experiments demonstrated that the ARID4B mRNA 3' UTR might be the binding site for miR-17-5p. Low ARID4B levels were linked to high-grade BCa patients and were associated with a better prognosis. Conclusion: Elevated miR-17-5p contributes to BCa progression by targeting ARID4B and influencing the immune system. Based on these findings, miR-17-5p has the potential to be a new therapeutic target for the treatment of BCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion technique was introduced to treat adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves. Theoretically, this surgical strategy could also be applied to syringomyelia patients. No previous study has specifically addressed the effectiveness of selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion for patients with syringomyelia-associated scoliosis. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion for the surgical treatment of patients with syringomyelia-associated scoliosis. Methods From February 2010 to September 2016, 14 syringomyelia-associated patients with major thoracolumbar/lumbar curves were retrospectively reviewed. Besides, 30 Lenke 5C AIS patients were enrolled as a control group. Posterior selective thoracolumbar/lumbar fusion was performed for both groups. Patients’ demographic, operative, radiological, and quality of life data were reviewed with follow-up. Intragroup comparisons were performed for each parameter. Results The two groups were matched by age, gender, curve characteristics, duration of follow-up, and all preoperative radiographic parameters except for thoracic kyphosis. After surgery, the average correction rate of the major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve was 82.2 ± 7.8% in the syringomyelia group, which was not significantly different from that of AIS group (82.5 ± 10.6%, P = 0.47). A similar improvement of unfused thoracic curve was observed between the two groups (50.1 ± 16.5% vs. 48.5 ± 26.9%, P = 0.29). During the follow-up, the correction effect of scoliosis was well maintained, without aggravation of the original neural symptoms or fresh permanent neurological deficits. Of note, the number of fusion levels was significantly larger in syringomyelia group than that in AIS group (7.6 ± 1.4 vs. 6.5 ± 1.2, P

In this study, we examine the different seasonal precipitation anomaly patterns in Central Asia associated with the cold-tongue (CT) El Niño and warm-pool (WP) El Niño from the El Niño developing autumn to the decaying spring based on the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) full data reanalysis version 2018 (GPCC V2018) data set. Overall, El Niño are associated with more precipitations over Central Asia, but significant discrepancies can be found in the precipitation anomaly spatial patterns associated with the two types of El Niño from the El Niño developing autumn to the decaying spring. The precipitation associated with CT El Niño is mostly concentrated in the plains and hilly areas of Central Asia and is more dispersed in space. Whereas the precipitation associated with WP El Niño is mostly concentrated along Pamirs and Tian Shan Mountains with consistency throughout the autumn before El Niño peaks to the spring when El Niño decays. Also, the strength of the positive precipitation anomaly associated with WP El Niño is significantly stronger than that of CT El Niño. The analysis of anomalous atmospheric circulation caused by two types of El Niño shows that the interconfiguration of anomalous high pressure in the south side of Central Asia at low and middle latitudes and anomalous low pressure and anomalous high pressure in the high latitudes of Eurasia affects the southwest water vapor flux and north side water vapor flux in Central Asia, thus causing different effects of different types of El Niño on precipitation in Central Asia at different stages. The spatial consistency of the WP El Niño effect on precipitation in Central Asia over three seasons may be related to the upward branch of the anomalous Walker circulation over the Indian Ocean induced by it.

Digital media art differs from other forms of existence in the intersection of digital technology and art, and this new form of existence contains its unique value. Digital media art education crosses the disciplines of art, computer science, and technology and builds a new perspective that can encompass the academic discourse of literature and science, transcending the opposition between scientific and humanistic cultures and creating a broader knowledge structure and a new view of values and resources. In this paper, we use image quality evaluation based on local Gaussian weighted fusion and image collocation for restoration of precious cultural relics and images to realize their cultural values, in view of the current problems such as damage caused by a large number of precious paintings due to improper preservation and other problems.