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Background: The purpose of this scoping review was to critically examine the design and quality of contemporary research involving college student physical activity participation, focusing on physical activity measurement, assessment of sociodemographic characteristics, and examination of inequities based on sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: Systematic searches were conducted in 4 electronic databases. Results: From 28,951 sources screened, data were extracted from 488 that met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the studies were cross-sectional in design (91.4%) and employed convenience sampling methods (83.0%). Based on the subsample of studies that reported the percentage of students meeting aerobic (n = 158; equivalent of 150 min/wk of moderate physical activity) and muscle-strengthening activity recommendations (n = 8; ≥2 times/wk), 58.7% and 47.8% of students met aerobic and muscle-strengthening recommendations, respectively. With the exception of age and sex, sociodemographic characteristics were rarely assessed, and inequities based upon them were even more scarcely examined—with no apparent increase in reporting over the past decade. Conclusions: College student physical activity levels remain concerningly low. The generalizability of findings from the contemporary literature is limited due to study design, and acknowledgement of the influence that sociodemographic characteristics have on physical activity has largely been overlooked. Recommendations for future research directions and practices are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis-using youth are a large epidemiologic subgroup whose age and smoking-related risks underscore the importance of examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in this population. Within a clinical trial (n = 36 received an intervention prior to data collection reported herein), we surveyed cannabis-using emerging adults (ages 18-25) about perceived COVID-19 impacts. Participants (n = 141) reporting weekly cannabis use (M = 18.6 use days in the past 30) were enrolled and completed online surveys as part of either their baseline or 3 month assessment. COVID-19-related measures included symptoms, substance use, mood, etc. Participants were 57% female (mean age = 21, standard deviation = 2.2), with 21% Hispanic/Latinx, 70% White, 20% Black/African American, and 10% of other races. Most participants (86%) reported quarantine/self-isolation (M = 59 days). Several had COVID-19 symptoms (16%), but none reported testing COVID-19 positive. Many respondents felt their cannabis use (35%-50%, across consumption methods) and negative emotions (e.g., loneliness, stress, and depression; 69.5%, 69.5%, and 61.8%, respectively) increased. They reported decreased in-person socialization (90.8%) and job losses (23.4%). Reports of increased cannabis smoking were associated with increased negative emotions. On an open-response item, employment/finances and social isolation were frequently named negative impacts (33.3% and 29.4%, respectively). Although cannabis-using emerging adults' reports of increases in cannabis use, coupled with mental health symptoms and social isolation, are concerning, the full impact of the pandemic on their health and well-being remains unknown. Future studies examining the relationship between social isolation, mental health, and cannabis use among young people are needed.

Abstract Background Savoring, that is the ability to create and increase positive emotions, represents a promising approach to enhance subjective well-being (SWB) in emerging adults. This controlled study aims to investigate the preliminary effects of a self-help e-savoring intervention on increasing savoring beliefs and strategies and SWB in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Forty-nine emerging adult participants were recruited using the snowball sampling method. The experimental group (n = 23) completed six online exercises (two exercises per week for three weeks) while the control group (n = 26) did not receive the intervention. Both groups filled out online questionnaires before and after the intervention. User experience and perceived usefulness of the intervention were assessed for the experimental group. Results A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant increase for the experimental group in savoring beliefs (especially toward the present and the future) and in positive emotions compared to the control group. The perspicuity, attractiveness, and efficiency of the online platform were very positively evaluated, and most participants rated the intervention as useful. Conclusions The results of this preliminary study together with the high level of adherence and the appreciation for the intervention indicate the potential of promoting online savoring and positive emotions in emerging adults. Future research could evaluate its long-term effects and verify its results with other age groups.

Background/Objectives: Physical Literacy (PL) is increasingly recognized as a key element in studies aimed at promoting Physical Activity (PA), but measurement tools for emerging adults and evidence for assessing and using this concept is lacking in a wide range of contexts. We aimed to validate the French version of the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI): a scale for investigating PL in young French adults. Methods: After PL and PA data collection (n = 2,248, agemean = 19 ± 1.53 yrs), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's α and Omega's ω and an Intraclass-Correlation analysis were undertaken. Spearman's rank correlation and the Boruta algorithm were used to investigate the association between PL and PA. Boruta's algorithm examined deeper external validation by analyzing the strength of an overall PL score in explaining PA, compared with separate dimensions of PL and individual characteristics (BMI, sex). Results: Results showed an acceptable level of reliability (ICC = 0.91), internal validity (α = 0.88; ω = 0.77), and external validity (Rhô >0.18, p

Abstract Aim To gain a deeper understanding of the experiences of participation in the everyday life of emerging adults living with long-term health challenges and how this influences their own quality of life. Methods Using an explorative study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with a sample of 12 young people aged 18–29 years living with long-term health challenges in Norway. Findings The analysis identified one overarching theme of struggling to participate in everyday life, and four subthemes: the notion of being independent but also dependent, experiencing mismatch between needs and support, experiencing deprivation of spontaneity and feeling uncertain about the future. The emerging adults experienced difficulties with participation in key areas of life such as education, employment and leisure activities. Associated symptoms of their diagnosis, limited physical abilities and lack of sufficient support made it hard to participate in everyday life the way they aspired to. Conclusion The challenges of living with a long-term health challenge as an emerging adult contributed to limitations in participation in different areas of life that was perceived as important for their quality of life.

Understanding marital beliefs during emerging adulthood is notably important as it might help emerging adults create a path in this unique life period to form a marital union. However, the affective factors shaping emerging adults’ marriage beliefs are multifarious and merit further attention. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this research was to elucidate whether the family of origin’s quality and marriage age of parents were predictors of emerging adults’ ideal marriage age and the ideal amount of time needed to get to know a partner before marriage. The study group consisted of 500 unmarried university students and graduates in Turkey. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyze the data. The findings revealed that the marital timing of emerging adults was linked to a variety of familial factors. The ideal marital age of emerging adults was significantly predicted by the mother’s marital age, parents’ marital happiness and age. Later mother marriage age was correlated with later ideal age of marriage. Higher levels of perceived happiness in parents’ marriage was associated with earlier ideal age of marriage. Additionally, the mother’s marriage age and emerging adults’ relationship status and age were significant predictors of the ideal amount of time to get to know a partner before marriage. Later mother’s marriage age and having a romantic relationship was linked to a longer time to get to know a partner before marriage. Being older was also related to a shorter time to get to know a partner before marriage and the later ideal age of marriage. The ideal marital age is around 26 years old. Only 5% of emerging adults feel ready to get married. More than two-thirds of emerging adults do not want their marriage to resemble their parents’ marriage. Besides, most emerging adults give priority to a career in their life plans.

Abstract Background The current study focuses on the mediator role of abusive behaviour in romantic relationships (ABRR) in the relationship between subordination, retreat, and relationship satisfaction and the moderation role of relatedness and autonomy in the relationships between ABRR and relationship satisfaction. Methods 333 (91 men, 242 women) Turkish emerging adults in relationships participated in this research. These participants completed a measure of abusive behaviour in romantic relationship, conflict resolution styles, relationship satisfaction and need satisfaction in romantic relationship. Models 1 and 4 of Process Hayes were used in SPSS 22 to investigate moderation and mediation roles. Results According to the results, ABRR has a full mediator role in the relationship between subordination and relationship satisfaction and has a partial mediator role in the relationship between retreat and relationship satisfaction. Another result of the study showed that ABRR negatively affected relationship satisfaction and that relatedness and autonomy moderated this relationship. Moderator roles are strong when the level of relatedness and autonomy are high. Conclusions In conclusion, subordination and retreat as well as ABRR are risk factors for relationship satisfaction for individuals in romantic relationships. Our results suggest that relatedness and autonomy present an adaptive approach and protection method associated with improved relationship satisfaction. Therefore, subordination, withdrawal, ABRR, autonomy, and relatedness should be considered in relationship satisfaction assessment and couple therapies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected individuals’ psychological well-being worldwide, thus representing a challenge for flourishing among emerging adults. To understand psychological processes involved in the positive adaptation to this challenge, the present study examined the role of meaning in life and religious identity as crucial resources for flourishing in a sample of 255 Italian emerging adults. Specifically, as in the midst of a stressful event individuals may experience the potential for flourishing through the process of search for meaning, the study examined the mediated role of existential, spiritual/religious and prosocial orientations as the three primary trajectories for building meaning. Results from path analytic mediation models revealed a positive influence of presence of meaning and in-depth exploration on flourishing. Findings also suggested the contribution of prosocial orientation in building meaning and, ultimately, in increasing flourishing. Implications are discussed.

ObjectiveSexual minority (SM) young adults have higher rates of substance use than heterosexuals, but little is known about daily use of multiple substances, which confer numerous health risks for this population. Using daily diary data from a smartphone-based study, we examined the associations between sexual identity (i.e., SM vs. heterosexual) and patterns of same-day multiple substance use (i.e., cigarettes and alcohol, cigarettes and cannabis, alcohol and cannabis, and all 3 substances).MethodYoung adult smokers (N = 147, aged 18-26, 51.7% female, 41.5% SM, 40.8% White) reported consecutive daily assessments on substance use over 30 days. We used generalized estimating equations to examine associations between sexual identity and patterns of same-day multiple substance use, controlling for demographic factors and psychological distress.ResultsOf 2,891 daily assessments, 16.7% reported same-day use of cigarettes and alcohol, 18.1% cigarettes and cannabis, 1.5% alcohol and cannabis, and 15.0% use of all 3 substances. SM participants (vs. heterosexuals) had significantly greater odds of reporting days with use of cigarettes and cannabis [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.05, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [1.04, 4.01]] and use of all three substances (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI [1.51, 5.14]) than days with single substance use or no use.ConclusionsThese findings warrant tailored interventions addressing multiple substance use among SM young adults and temporally accurate measures of multiple substance use patterns. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Civic engagement can be empowering and might promote well-being, especially for individuals from marginalized backgrounds. This study uses a novel experimental approach to simulate civic engagement in a laboratory study and to test whether this approach engenders civic empowerment and buffers psychological and physiological reactivity to stress and social rejection. Young adults, primarily experiencing low socioeconomic status ( N = 128), were randomly assigned to deliver a speech about a civic or a neutral issue. Giving a civic speech leads to higher feelings of empowerment compared with giving a neutral speech. Delivering the civic speech buffers sympathetic nervous system reactivity to stress (measured through the pre-ejection period) and leads to higher identification with social class background. This is one of the first studies to use an experimental approach and psychophysiological methods to examine the effects of civic empowerment on civic, psychosocial, and physiological reactivity outcomes.

Objectives: This study explored how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted emerging adults. Previous COVID-19 research with this age demographic has focused on specific facets of life transitions (e.g., academic or economic stress) but does not consider the interrelatedness of these life domains. This project fills this gap by allowing participants to report on any aspects of their life to better understand frequent challenges with and experiences that may have helped with managing “the new normal” of the COVID-19 pandemic amidst typical transitions of emerging adulthood. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative data gathered in July 2020 (n = 145) and January 2021 (n = 143) as part of a longitudinal study of emerging adults (18–24 years) who were enrolled at a Midwestern United States University at baseline were analyzed to explore impacts of COVID-19, particularly in relation to stress. Results: Qualitative results demonstrate a range of negative COVID-19 effects, including health challenges and relationship strain. Interestingly, positive effects were also reported, including allocating more time for hobbies and spending quality time with loved ones. Quantitative findings indicate that COVID-19 distress did not increase over time, but perceived exposure to pandemic effects significantly increased. A general perceived distress measure demonstrated a slight decrease in distress over time, suggesting a potential adjustment to ‘the new normal.’ Discussion: COVID-19 impacted multiple domains of typical developmental transitions for many emerging adults in our sample. Individual qualitative reports demonstrate uniquely personal impacts of COVID-19, while thematic trends appear across responses (e.g., relationship strain). Health care providers must consider how these impacts influence the wellbeing of emerging adults with whom they work as the pandemic continues to evolve.

Despite cerebral palsy (CP) being the most common motor disability in childhood, there are more adults living with CP than children. The necessitates a systematic approach to the care of adults with CP. This perspective piece presents the complex nature of a lifespan approach to the care of a childhood-onset disability. We share the multidisciplinary considerations from a primary care model to address chronic health conditions and preventive care. We also present a care model with an emphasis on Neurology and Neurodevelopmental Disability with its implications for adults with CP. Finally, we advocate for a care model that encompasses a biopsychosocial approach to treatments and interventions with essential elements that include the adult perspective.

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between education level and health behavior including sleep, work activity, exercise activity, and sedentary behavior among emerging adults.MethodsThis study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2007 and 2018. The study sample included 4,484 emerging adults aged 18–25 years and the weighted participants were 30,057,813. Weighted multivariable regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between education level and the aforementioned health behavior, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, poverty-income ratio, BMI, smoking, and alcohol drinking status.ResultsThis study revealed that higher education level was associated with shorter sleep duration [Fully adjusted model, β (95% CI): −0.588 (−0.929, −0.246), p < 0.001]. Additionally, those with higher education levels were more likely to allocate time in sedentary behavior [β (95% CI): 90.162 (41.087, 139.238), p < 0.001]. Moreover, higher education level was related to less work activity [β (95% CI): −806.991 (−1,500.280, −113.703), p = 0.023] and more exercise activity time [β (95% CI): 118.196 (−21.992, 258.385), p = 0.097]. Subgroup analysis further verified this trend and detected that males with higher education level tended to participate in less work activity [β (95% CI): −1,139.972 (−2,136.707, −143.237), p = 0.026] while females with higher education level tended to engage in more exercise activity [Fully adjusted model, β (95% CI): 141.709 (45.468, 237.950), p = 0.004].ConclusionThis study highlighted the importance of education level as a significant factor in promoting healthy behavior among emerging adults. The findings underscored the need for the Ministry of Education to prioritize educating this demographic about the significance of maintaining adequate sleep patterns and reducing sedentary habits. Encouraging them to allocate more time for work and physical activities can significantly contribute to their overall wellbeing and success, ultimately fostering a healthier next generation.

Several studies have evaluated different versions of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) around the world and some shortened versions of the instrument have also been constructed. The aim of this study was to develop the first brief Greek-language version of the IPO (IPO-Brief-GR) to be used for clinical screening and research purposes regarding personality pathology defined according to Kernberg's object relations model of personality organization. Data were collected from a community sample of 543 Greek emerging adults aged 18–29 years (M = 21.45, SD = 2.51) with the 83-item IPO, from which a 30-item version was constructed, based on confirmatory factor analysis of the full measure. The psychometric properties of the IPO-Brief-GR were then examined. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a four-factor structure best fitted the data, that is, primitive defenses/identity diffusion, reality testing, aggression, and moral values. Criterion validity and internal consistency reliability were also supported. Measurement invariance across gender using an exact protocol approach (i.e., configural, metric, scalar) was found allowing latent mean comparisons. These preliminary findings support the reliability and validity of the IPO-Brief-GR for the assessment of borderline personality organization and indicate the need for further research into the psychometric properties and clinical utility of this measure.

Postsecondary students frequently report high rates of anxiety and poor sleep quality. The association between poor sleep quality and anxiety is poorly understood in this population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of students enrolled in two faculties at Ontario Tech University (OTU) - Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) and Faculty of Education (FEd), and students attending the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) during the fall of 2017 to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and moderate to extremely severe anxiety, as well as the association between them. Participants completed self-report questionnaires to measure sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]), anxiety (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale – 21 Items [DASS-21]), socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related variables. Multivariable logistic regression was used to measure the association between poor sleep quality and moderate to extremely severe anxiety, as well as to control for covariates. A significant correlation between PSQI scores and DASS-21 anxiety scores was found in both populations: students who reported poor sleep quality were more likely to report moderate to extremely severe anxiety. This association decreased but still remained high even after controlling for important covariates (i.e., biological sex, stress, and depression).

Up to one in five emerging adults engage in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Providing a better understanding of factors that differentiate between who engages in lifetime NSSI and who is more likely to engage in recent and clinically severe NSSI can provide meaningful information for prevention and intervention of NSSI. The present study (n = 669) considered NSSI lifetime engagement (no prior history of NSSI vs. lifetime NSSI), recency [past NSSI (>12 months ago) vs. recent (≤12-month) NSSI], and clinical severity among those with recent NSSI (subthreshold vs. DSM-5 NSSI disorder). The prevalence of NSSI disorder was 8.4% in emerging adults aged 18 to 26 years old. Higher anxiety levels were related to NSSI engagement, but only depressive symptoms and NSSI versatility were consistently associated with more recent NSSI and NSSI disorder. A stepped-care approach may be required in addressing NSSI among emerging adults.

Emerging adulthood without vocational training concerns young people from difficult social backgrounds who are often not adequately reached by therapeutic help. Difficult and traumatic experiences with therapeutic institutions are common to many of these young people in addition to a long lasting, unsatisfying patient-career. Without professional support from the therapeutic field, vocational qualification measures often cannot meet the needs of young people with inner conflicts. A counseling center for people with mental health problems was set up in 2010 as a link between professional support and a therapeutic setting. This article critically examines the importance of counseling for improving the personal situation of participants in vocational qualification measures on a descriptive level. We take a perspective on identity development and defense mechanisms in the thought of Vaillant and Erikson. Both theories focus on the social embeddedness of psychological processes. This theoretical background helps to understand young peoples’ situations and difficulties. The unique setting of the counseling center that aims to match the particular needs of these young people is presented. Thus a low-threshold, destigmatising and flexible setting should provide better access to psychosocial support for participants in vocational qualification measures. Opportunities and limits of the concept are discussed.

IntroductionValue hierarchies, as motivational goals anchored in the self-schema, may be correlated with spontaneous activity in the resting brain, especially those involving self-relevance. This study aims to investigate the neural correlates of value hierarchies from the perspective of typology.MethodsA total of 610 Chinese college students (30.31% women), aged 18 to 23, completed the personal values questionnaire and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe latent profile analysis revealed three personal value profiles: traditional social orientation, modernized orientation, and undifferentiated orientation. Neuroimaging results revealed that individuals with modernized orientation prioritized openness to change value, and this personal-focus is related to the higher low-frequency amplitude of the posterior insula; individuals with traditional social orientation prioritized self-transcendence and conservation values, and this social-focus is related to the stronger functional connectivity of the middle insula with the inferior temporal gyrus, temporal gyrus, posterior occipital cortex, and basal ganglia, as well as weaker functional connections within the right middle insula.DiscussionTaken together, these findings potentially indicate the intra-generational differentiation of contemporary Chinese emerging adults’ value hierarchies. At the neural level, these are correlated with brain activities involved in processing self- and other-relevance.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to determine self-reported human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status among emerging adults in Croatia, intention to get the HPV vaccine among unvaccinated individuals and correlates of HPV vaccine hesitancy.MethodsData were collected via a cross-sectional survey based on a probabilistic national sample. The sample included 1,197 individuals aged 18–25 years (50.6% were women) who were recruited from November 2021 to February 2022 as part of the commercial online panel. Analyses included 981 participants who correctly answered two “attention trap” questions using descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses. The data were post-hoc weighted for gender and age and adjusted for clustering effect. To adjust standard errors for the sampling design, multivariate analyses were carried out using the complex samples module in the IBM SPSS 27 statistical software package.ResultsOverall, 18.3% of participants (25.0% of women and 11.7% of men) reported that they were HPV vaccinated, while 21.9% did not know their HPV vaccination status. Of those vaccinated, 65.6% were women. The odds of being HPV-vaccinated were significantly higher among female participants. Among the unvaccinated, 35.4% expressed a willingness to get the vaccine. The odds of vaccination hesitancy were significantly lower among women, participants who reported a higher perceived risk of STIs, those who recognized that HPV could result in cervical cancer, and significantly higher among those who were more religious.ConclusionOur findings suggest a need to increase HPV vaccination uptake in Croatia through raising awareness about HPV vaccine effectiveness and also through the implementation of strategies to make vaccination more available.

Emerging adulthood is a unique and sensitive life period during which most psychiatric conditions emerge. Development of life skills and transfer of these skills between contexts may be considered essential for transitioning from emerging adulthood to young adulthood. In the present scoping review of 83 articles published between 2010 and 2022, we address the state of research on life skills development and transfer in emerging adults aged 18–30. Specifically, we were interested in how life skills are defined, which specific life skills are proposed and how life skills transfer is conceptualized for this age group, with an emphasis on cognitive, personal, and interpersonal components. The results show that only a small minority of the reviewed studies defined the term life skills and an even smaller number mentioned the concept of life skills transfer, with only one study actually mentioning transfer components. Life skills research for emerging adults strongly focuses on vulnerable populations (e.g., developmental and contextual vulnerabilities, and sexually transmittable infections treatment and prevention) with the five most frequently mentioned life skills being budgeting/ finances, communication, problem-solving, decision-making, and emotional regulation. We discuss these results in light of future research directions and the lessons learned for life skills development and transfer research in emerging adults.Systematic review registrationAll analyzed articles are available at: https://osf.io/gmk8w/.

Research has shown that young individuals frequently turn to social networking sites (SNSs) to monitor others’ behaviors. This is especially likely with Snapchat, as this platform offers extensive monitoring options in real time, for instance through the use of the “snap map”. However, despite the growth of surveillance features, little is known about the use of these features and their possible association with individuals’ mental health. Consequently, this cross-sectional survey among 16- to 25-year-olds (N = 360, Mage = 19.51) examines (1) whether individuals with a higher need for popularity are more likely to engage in Snapchat surveillance behaviors, (2) whether these behaviors, in turn, are associated with indicators of individuals’ mental health, specifically feelings of loneliness and depressive symptoms, and (3) whether fear of missing out mediates the association between surveillance behaviors and these mental health indicators. The findings show that a higher need for popularity is associated with the monitoring of others through Snapchat, which, in turn, was associated with health indicators via fear of missing out. These associations were, however, not found for general Snapchat use, indicating that specific uses of this platform are more detrimental than others. Future research should, therefore, focus more thoroughly on the relationships between specific SNS behaviors and individuals’ mental health.

Introduction: Many youth in foster care endure traumatic experiences (TE) that can lead to lasting negative outcomes. However, the identification of strengths may mitigate the impact of TE. Methods: This study examines the frequency and distribution of identified strengths; whether strengths moderate the association between TE and various outcomes; and whether certain strengths have a larger moderation effect on the association between TE and life domain functioning. Administrative and clinical data, including the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) assessment, were examined for 3324 transition age youth and emerging adults in out‐of‐home foster care in the United States. Participants were males and females between 14.5 and 21 years old. Pearson's chi‐square tests of association were conducted to determine whether identification of strengths varied significantly by sex or race/ethnicity. Negative binomial regressions were used to determine whether strengths modified the association between TE and needs domains. Results: Of 11 measured strengths, 56% of youth had 7 or more strengths identified as centerpiece strengths, and 20% had all 11. No significant differences in identification of strengths were found across sex or race/ethnicity. All strengths significantly moderated the association of TE and outcomes across CANS domains tested. While cumulative strengths had the largest overall moderation effects, identification of education setting, coping and savoring skills, and interpersonal strengths as centerpiece strengths had the largest moderation effect among specific strengths. Conclusions: Findings suggest assessing, identifying, and bolstering strengths may help to promote well‐being after trauma exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that young adult women were among those more susceptible to mental health declines in the initial months of COVID-19. Unfortunately, longitudinal data examining mental health before and after the pandemic's onset are extremely limited. In a sample of 240 women ages 18–29 who were surveyed online first in November-December 2019 and then again between May and July 2020, this study aimed to examine how major life changes associated with the pandemic (i.e. loss of income, loss of employment, change in relationship status, and change in living arrangement) impacted mental health (i.e. depression, anxiety, stress). Multivariate regression analyses were conducted on three models predicting stress, anxiety, and depression from the four life changes, controlling for the effects of mental health before the COVID-19 pandemic. Results showed that a change in living arrangement was uniformly associated with increased mental health problems among women who also experienced a decrease in income. Likewise, loss of income was uniformly related to increased mental health problems among women who also experienced a change in living arrangement. In contrast, job loss was associated with a decrease in stress, and changes in relationship status were not associated with mental health outcomes. These findings highlight the potential for COVID-19 to produce co-occurring and synergistic stressors. Meanwhile, the impact of job loss on mental health may have been attenuated by enhanced unemployment benefits. Mental health interventions that aim to support young women as the pandemic abates should be tailored to address the impact of multiple psychosocial stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To utilize focus groups, cognitive interviews, content expert panel, and computer-assisted surveys to develop and pilot survey items assessing exposure to perceived racism-based police violence to enhance the Classes of Racism Frequency of Racial Experiences (CRFRE). Method: Focus groups and cognitive interviews were conducted with Black emerging adults (n = 44) in St. Louis, Missouri. Utilizing a grounded theory approach, a thematic analysis of the focus group and cognitive interview transcripts was conducted to identify key items to be added to the CRFRE. Three content experts assessed the face and content validity of survey items. Computer-assisted surveys were conducted to pilot the modified CRFRE with a sample of Black emerging adults (n = 300). Confirmatory factor analyses and structural paths were used to examine the construct validity of the modified CRFRE. Results: Participant's qualitative data and suggestions from content experts resulted in the development of 16 additional survey items regarding exposure to perceived racism-based police violence across three domains (victim, witness in person, and seen in media). The modified CRFRE measure showed construct validity, internal reliability, and measurement invariance between men and women. Conclusions: This study advances our epidemiological methodology for quantifying exposure to perceived racism-based police violence. Future research is necessary to assess the prevalence of exposure to perceived racism-based police violence and associated mental and behavioral outcomes for Black emerging adults in the U.S. Public Significance Statement: This study provides evidence that direct (i.e., victimization or witnessing the event in person) and indirect (i.e., seen in media) exposure to perceived racism-based police violence is a measurable dimension of racist experiences with negative mental health consequences for Black emerging adults. Additionally, it extends our understanding of the frequency of distinct law enforcement-related racism-based experiences for this population by sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Findings since 2000 about the association between the frequency of religious service attendance (formal religiosity) and sexual risk taking in adolescents and emerging adults were explored. A systematic literature search (April 2020) focused on articles with data on religiosity and age at sexual debut, number of sexual partners, condom use at most recent sexual intercourse, and consistent condom use. A total of 27 studies with 37,430 participants (M age = 18.4, range: 12–25, 43.5% male) were included. In random-effects meta-analysis, the link between formal religiosity and sexual risk taking was significant only for age at sexual debut (r = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.13) and the number of sexual partners (r = −0.14, 95% CI = −0.19, −0.09). Weak associations between the constructs of interest indicate that formal religiosity is not sufficient to protect young people's sexual health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overt and covert conflict across two parental dyads (biological mother and biological father, biological mother and stepfather) in the same family were examined in relation to emerging adults' mental health (i.e., perceived stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety) and aggression (i.e., relational aggression, verbal hostility). In this study, the results from dominance analyses and relative weight analyses revealed the most important interparental conflict variable related to males' mental health and aggression was conflict between biological mothers and stepfathers (particularly covert). For females, conflict between biological parents (especially covert) was most important to mental health, while conflict between mothers and stepfathers was more strongly related to females' aggression (particularly overt for verbal hostility and covert for relational aggression). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We examined whether emerging adults' sense of intimate safety with their parents and their adult attachment style would predict emerging adults' social connectedness. Additionally, we investigated whether their social connectedness would mediate the association between emerging adults' sense of intimate safety with their parents and their rumination and anger expression. Background: Social connectedness is essential to the psychological and relational health of emerging adults, particularly during the renegotiation of their relationships with their parents. Method: Two hundred sixteen emerging adults (80% female; 61% non‐Hispanic White) completed a survey of close relationship variables. Results: The results suggest that emerging adults' adult attachment style mediated the relationship between emerging adults' intimate safety with their parents and social connectedness. Additionally, social connectedness mediated the relationship between emerging adults' intimate safety with their parents and their rumination and anger expression. Conclusion: This research highlights the importance of emerging adults' sense of safety to be their authentic and vulnerable selves in parent–child relationships on emerging adults' development of social connectedness and their mental and relational health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have linked driving licensure, delay in driving licensure, and driving exposure to alcohol and drug use, parental monitoring, and peer influence. Early licensure and increased driving exposure were linked to higher alcohol and drug use, while parental monitoring knowledge may be associated with lower use. Health, education, and employment also may be affected, with early licensure and increased driving exposure linked to better outcomes. To reduce use among emerging adults, parents must equip them with effective prevention knowledge and be mindful of driving exposure and delay. Investing in programs to promote licensure and driving may help emerging adults obtain better health and prosperity, although the potential advantages of driving privileges must be balanced against earlier and greater driving exposure to alcohol and drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Stress resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic has been linked to psychological consequences, such as depressive symptoms, for individuals worldwide. Outbreaks and pandemics are known to accentuate stressors or generate new ones owing to health-related worries, reducedmobility, and social activity due to quarantine, and sudden life changes. Although post-lockdown U.S. research findings suggest a greater risk of depression among 18- to 25-year-olds, familiarity with technology and virtual socializing may offer college students some protective effect, warranting research with such groups. Methods: The current study thus explored emotion dysregulation (ED) and perceived social support (PSS) as potential mechanisms for the relationship between COVID-19 stress and depressive symptoms among students at a southern university in the United States. Participants (N = 489) completed a cross-sectional survey assessing their current levels of COVID-19 stress, ED, PSS, and depressive symptoms. Results: Path analysis showed that PSS buffered the effect of ED on depressive symptoms. The results support the explanatory role of ED in the relationship between COVID-19 stress and depressive symptoms. Discussion: The perceived social connection may be an essential factor for psychological outcomes during periods of stress and isolation, particularly for those reporting high ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Emerging adults have the highest cannabis consumption rates in Canada and are among the most vulnerable to cannabis-related harms. Since certain cannabis consumption behaviours carry greater risks of harm, the Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines (LRCUG) provide harm reduction strategies. To address a critical gap in the literature, the current study examined emerging adults' awareness of the guidelines and perceptions of higher-risk cannabis consumption behaviours identified within the LRCUG. Methods: Emerging adults (N = 653) between the ages of 18–25 years were recruited from across Canada. Participants were presented with five vignettes depicting a character's cannabis consumption behaviours. Each vignette focused on a unique aspect of the character's consumption (frequency, polysubstance use, family history of mental illness, method of consumption, and potency). Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions within each of the five vignettes that were altered to capture varying levels of risk (e.g. weekly, almost daily, or daily consumption). Following each vignette, participants were asked to respond to four items relating to overall risk of harm, cognitive health, physical health, and mental health. Results: Participants perceived: (1) frequent consumption to be associated with greater risks than less frequent consumption; (2) simultaneous consumption of cannabis and tobacco as being associated with higher risk of harm, yet no difference between simultaneous consumption of cannabis and alcohol or cannabis consumption alone; (3) consuming cannabis with a family history of psychosis or substance use disorder as being associated with greater overall risk than consumption with no family history; (4) smoking and vaping cannabis as associated with more risk than ingesting edibles; and (5) higher-potency THC-dominant strains as being associated with more risk than lower-potency CBD-dominant strains, yet no difference between the two higher-potency THC-dominant strains. Conclusions: While emerging adults seemed to appreciate the risks associated with some cannabis consumption behaviours, they had difficulty identifying appropriate levels of harm of other higher-risk behaviours. Through an improved understanding of emerging adult perceptions, effective education campaigns should be designed to improve the awareness of cannabis risks and encourage the uptake of harm reduction awareness and strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Objective binge eating and problematic alcohol use often co-occur and are common behaviors in emerging adults. Both behaviors are thought to be driven by affect regulation processes. Objective binge eating often occurs in the context of increasing or acute negative affect, and often occurs in solitude. Alcohol use in emerging adults can also be associated with negative affect regulation. However, in contrast to objective binge eating, a large body of research indicates that there are positively valenced pathways to alcohol use in this age group. Emerging adults often drink socially, to enhance enjoyment, and in the context of positive mood. We propose that one pathway to objective binge eating in this developmental period is through alcohol use itself, such that emerging adults who consume alcohol and who are more likely to act impulsively in the context of positive emotion (i.e., have high levels of positive urgency) may be more likely to binge eat following drinking. Methods: We collected data using ecological momentary assessment in 106 undergraduates on positive and negative affect, motives for drinking and eating, and alcohol use and objective binge eating, in addition to baseline questionnaires of impulsivity. Results: There were no significant changes in affect prior to drinking in this sample. Alcohol use at one time point significantly increased odds of objective binge eating at a later time point in the same day. Individual differences in positive urgency, the tendency to act rashly while experiencing positive affect, were also associated with increased odds of objective binge eating that occurred after alcohol use. Individual differences in negative urgency, the tendency to act rashly after experiencing negative affect, did not have a main effect on objective binge episodes, but did interact with alcohol use to increase the odds of objective binge eating following drinking. The vast majority of drinking episodes prior to objective binge eating were social drinking episodes, and participants most commonly endorsed "to have fun" as a reason for drinking. Discussion: Results suggest that alcohol consumption may increase risk for objective binge eating in emerging adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiences from major life events (MLEs; e.g., starting work or living independently) accumulate in the transition to emerging adulthood. Adaption to such events, often operationalized as responses in subjective well-being (SWB), is highly diverse. This observation has prompted attempts to explain differences in SWB responses among individuals as well as events. Early family characteristics have been discussed as potentially enduringly beneficial or harmful for successful adaption to MLEs in emerging adulthood. In the current study, we investigated adolescent family characteristics as longitudinal predictors of emerging adult mental and physical SWB (direct associations) and their explanatory value for SWB differences after the experience of MLEs (indirect associations). Analyses were based on data from a German national cohort study of 6255 emerging adults (KiGGS survey; 46.6% male; mean age = 22.78 years, standard deviation = 3.26 years) who had participated in the baseline study 11 years prior. Results showed that, while experiencing unemployment or severe illness was most negatively related to SWB, high educational attainment had the most positive correlation. Adolescent family characteristics were longitudinal predictors of emerging adult SWB and partially explained differences in SWB after the experience of several MLEs. Most notably, adolescent family characteristics were indirectly associated with emerging adult SWB via permanent relationships, educational attainment, and unemployment. The results provide a basis for the better understanding and further development of research and targeted intervention or prevention measures to facilitate adaptive capacity and reduce adverse effects from certain events on SWB in the transition to emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Virtual interviewing in qualitative research may promote inclusion, diversify samples, and maximize participation, but there is limited research regarding methodological best practices for marginalized study populations. Emerging adult (ages 18–29) and young adult (through age 40) mothers have ongoing stressors and competing responsibilities that may preclude participation with in‐person interviews. The purpose of this article is to describe the processes and experiences of virtual interviewing among young adult mothers living in under‐resourced communities, based on their responses to specific interview questions. Design and Sample: As part of an explanatory sequential mixed methods study, qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of young adult mothers who had previously participated in randomized controlled trials testing an intensive early home visiting intervention. Thirty‐one participants (M = 29.7 years, SD = 2.5) who identified as Black (39%), Hispanic (55%), and White (7%), were interviewed using Zoom. Results: The overarching theme was Zoom: Appreciating the New Norm. Identified categories were Practical Benefits of Virtual Interviewing, Sharing Stories, and Drawbacks of Virtual Interviewing. Conclusion: Findings support virtual interviewing as a feasible and potentially ideal method for qualitative studies with emerging/young adults. Further research to examine this approach with other marginalized populations may lead to more inclusive representation in qualitative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: High rates of alcohol consumption are observed among young adults, which arise alcohol-related consequences such as physical symptoms, greater consumption than planned, among other problems. However, multiple reasons lead to the increase of alcohol use in Argentinean young adults. Objectives: This study aimed to examine alcohol consumption prevalence and frequency in young adults and to identify drinking motives and alcohol-related consequences. Methodology: A probability sample of 1549 young adults from 18 to 29 years old (M age = 23.6, SD = 3.52; 48.8% women) from Argentinean urban areas answered to the Argentine Social Debt Survey in the third quarter of 2019. Result: We found that 7 out of 10 young adults reported alcohol consumption, among whom 20% had experienced negative alcohol-related consequences at least once in the previous year. Drinkers informed that they are used to drink alcohol because it is expected at social gatherings and since all their friends consume alcohol. Conclusions: Alcohol use is a widespread practice among young people and is associated to negative consequences. Social factors are the main reasons that lead to consumption. Findings raise awareness and contribute to the development of interventions aimed to reduce this risky behavior in young population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to campus-based alcohol interventions for college students, services for emerging adult (EA) risky drinkers who reside off-campus in disadvantaged communities are not well established. This web survey assessed drinking practices, problems, and preferences for professional and lay helping resources spanning digital and in-person formats among community-dwelling EAs to guide services for them and determine whether drinking risk levels varied by preferences for help. Digital respondent-driven sampling recruited EA risky drinkers from disadvantaged communities (N  = 356; M age = 23.6 years, 64.0% women, 77.4% employed, 64.9% residing in impoverished areas above the US average, 53.5% income < $20k/year). A web survey assessed participants' drinking practices and problems, including alcohol use disorder symptoms, and help-seeking preferences for smartphone apps; online help; in-person help from doctors, clinics, teachers, and school programs; mutual help groups; and help from friends and family. Preferences were related to participant drinking risks using generalized linear modeling. Modeling results showed that risk levels were related to help-seeking preferences. EAs reporting more negative consequences preferred smartphone apps and help from friends, whereas EAs reporting fewer negative consequences and drinking days preferred professional in-person help (P s < 0.05). Although >90% fulfilled alcohol use disorder diagnostic criteria, <4% had received an alcohol-related intervention. EAs who are riskier drinkers appear less likely to use professional resources in favor of informal and online resources that allow greater anonymity. Findings can guide services for this underserved population that are responsive to drinker risk levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Exposure to police violence is a public health concern for Black emerging adults ages 18–29 given its prevalence and association with negative health outcomes. However, research examining the role of perceived police legitimacy in the relationship between exposure to police use of force and personal safety interventions is scant. This study investigated the mediating role of perceived police legitimacy in the relationship between exposure to police use of force and personal safety interventions (reliance on police, self, or others) in a sample of Black emerging adults. Method: We administered computer-assisted surveys to English-speaking Black emerging-adult college students (N = 300) in St. Louis, MO, with a history of exposure to police use of force. Results: Findings from a bivariate analysis showed that exposures to police use of force as a victim, witness, or in the media were all significantly associated with perceptions of police as being less legitimate. In addition, findings from a path analysis revealed an indirect-only mediation effect of perceptions of police as being less legitimate in the relationship between seeing videos of police use of force in media and less reliance on police for personal safety. Conclusions: Attenuating gratuitous police use of force toward Black emerging adults is paramount for improving perceived legitimacy and trust in police to ensure personal safety for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The younger people are expressing diverse views and attitudes towards LGBTQIA+ community in most countries and Nigeria is also becoming more receptive to people that are seen as being different. The present study examined the attitude of female emerging adults towards the homosexual community in Lagos State, Nigeria with the aim of investigating the attitude of female emerging adults towards the homosexual community based on the demographic variables, as well as examine the extent in which religiosity predicts the attitude of female emerging adults towards homosexual community. Cross sectional survey design was used in this study using convenient sampling method, a sample of 394 female emerging adults participated in the study. Two standardised psychological instruments, namely: Attitude towards Homosexuality scale (ATHS) English-version and Religious Affiliation Scale (RAS) were used. Findings revealed a significant positive relationship between religiosity and attitude of female emerging adults towards homosexual community. Furthermore, results indicated that religiosity is a significant predictor of attitude of female emerging adults’ attitudes towards homosexual community and finally, participants with high levels of religiosity reported more positive attitude towards the Homosexual community. In conclusion, the study revealed that religiosity plays a significant role in shaping the attitude of female emerging adults towards homosexual community, highlighting the need for further exploration of this relationship, additional factors that may be a contributor to shaping our attitude within the African context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent consumer literature has shown that attachment insecurity (i.e., anxious, avoidant) enhances individual's motivations for retail shopping. We extend that literature using attachment theory to explain how attachment insecurity, loneliness (i.e., social, emotional), and fear of missing out (FoMO) affect retail patronage. We posit that these three negatively valenced psychosocial conditions generally incline emerging adult consumers toward retail patronage to resolve their relational deficits. Based on results from partial least squares‐structural equation modeling (n = 509), we find support for most of our hypotheses. The study presents previously unavailable knowledge about antecedents of FoMO and multiple negative psychosocial drivers of retail patronage. We provide a foundation for future scholarship to examine more broadly how attachment, loneliness, and FoMO impact consumer behavior. Managerial and theoretical implications are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Internet is becoming a medium for all economic activities, inequalities in digital financial practices among youth have received little attention. Using a sample of emerging adults in Switzerland (18–29 years, N = 385), the latent class analysis used in this study offers a unique opportunity to identify different configurations of digital economic practices considering that online money consumption, management, and production are closely related. The analysis reveals four classes of digital economic practices that reflect different user profiles: Regular Consumers (60.5%), Occasional Consumers (20.8%), Moderate Managers (15.1%), and Active Users (3.6%). Class membership is associated with some of the sociodemographic characteristics as well as digital skills of emerging adults. Our findings suggest that prevention and financial education programs should be adapted to the different user profiles and focus more specifically on occasional digital financial users who come from less privileged backgrounds and have the fewest digital skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the U.S., the COVID‐19 pandemic has been highly politicized and has been the subject of large‐scale media misinformation. Personal ideologies—including religiosity and political leanings (i.e., conservative, liberal)—have heavily guided responses to the pandemic, particularly in the Southern United States. However, microenvironments like Southern U.S. universities provide a unique perspective into the juxtaposition of larger societal conservatism and the liberalism associated with higher education. In the current study, we examined Southern university students' political beliefs, religiosity, and social media exposure in association with their COVID‐19 attitudes, cognitions, and behaviors. Participants' political beliefs were associated with their COVID‐19 concern, myth acceptance, vaccination status, and likelihood to receive a future vaccination. Religiosity and social media exposure were more nuanced. Future research into personal ideologies as emerging adults develop their independent identities away from their parents, and how this process can impact health behaviors, is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employment is identified as a key factor that supports emerging adult Black men in reentry with making a successful the transition to adulthood. Although anti-Black racism creates barriers to them securing and maintaining legitimate employment, strength-based, education-focused alternative schools that are structured to meet their intersectional needs and experiences can help to promote their transition to employment. Yet, little is known about how these schools promote resilience and career readiness among this population and the ways in which they perceive these strategies to support their transition to employment. As such, this single, exploratory qualitative case study, which included observations, interviews, and focus groups sought to better understand how, if at all, an alternative school promotes resilience and career readiness among emerging adult Black men in reentry. Work readiness training, internships, and job search and placement assistance emerged as meaningful career and technical services and support that the young men with making the transition into employment. While working and attending school simultaneously posed challenges to school engagement and completion, the findings highlight the important promotive and protective role strength-based alternative schools can play in promoting positive educational and employment-related experiences and outcomes among emerging adult Black men in reentry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High rates of substance misuse during emerging adulthood (~17-25 years of age, also referred to as young adulthood) require developmentally appropriate clinical programs. This article outlines: 1) the development of an evidence-informed young adult outpatient substance use program that takes a biopsychosocial patient-centred approach to care; 2) a quality improvement process and protocol; and 3) the patient characteristics of an initial cohort. Literature reviews, program reviews, environmental scans, and consultations with interested parties (including individuals with lived expertise) were used to develop the program. A 12-week measurement-based care program was developed comprising: 1) individual measurement-based care and motivational enhancement therapy sessions; 2) group programming focused on cognitive behavioural therapy, mindfulness, distress tolerance, and emotional regulation; 3) clinical consultations for diagnostic clarification and/or medication review; and 4) an independent Community Reinforcement Approach Family Training (CRAFT) group for loved ones. A measurement system was concurrently created to collect clinical and program evaluation data at six time points. In the first 21 months of the program, 152 young adults enrolled in the program (mean age = 21 years old, 47% female gender) primarily reporting treatment targets of cannabis (68%) and alcohol (63%) and almost all presenting with co-occurring mental health concerns (95%). The initial cohort who completed the program showed symptom improvements. Collectively, the program demonstrates the feasibility of developing an evidence-informed young adult substance use program using measurement-based care, but also the need for flexibility and ongoing monitoring to meet local needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging adults with diabetes, particularly in underserved communities, represent a growing but less studied population whose needs may differ from older adults. This study investigated perspectives of underserved emerging adults regarding diabetes self-management influences and provider interactions. Focus groups and interviews with emerging adults in a safety-net health care setting were conducted to identify perspectives regarding self-management influences and patient-provider interactions. Diabetes was perceived as a psychological burden complicated by busy lifestyles and competing responsibilities. Lack of resources, especially financial barriers, also limited self-management. Participants often perceived diabetes visits as standardized encounters providing access to diabetes supplies but desired additional guidance appropriate to their needs and life-stage. Participants valued encouragement and positive ongoing provider relationships for tailored informational and emotional support and support from family and peers. Providers and health care systems adapting to provide or facilitate this support will be better able to optimize diabetes management at and between visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the interplay between students' career orientations and career guidance need in relation to their employability attributes of graduateness and personal employability qualities. Applying a cross-sectional design, 369 black South African students at a university of technology were sampled for the study. The students completed an adapted version of the Career Orientations Inventory and the Employer Employability Competency Expectations scale. Results following tests for significant mean differences and moderated regression analysis revealed that clarity on career orientation preferences is associated with a high need for career guidance. Career orientations predicted employability attributes more than the need for career guidance. Students with a high career orientation preference had significantly more positive perceptions of their graduateness and personal employability qualities than those with a low career orientation preference. Students with a low career orientation preference and weak desire for career guidance had a significantly weaker awareness of their employability attributes. Premised on the dispositional model of employability, the findings suggest the need for career guidance in employability learning and development to help students gain insight into their career orientation preferences and personal employability qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to investigate the impact of psychological distress and hopelessness as mediators in the relationship between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and suicidal ideation among young adults. The study employed data from the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, focusing on participants aged 18 to 25. The PROCESS macro was used to conduct a moderated mediation analysis. The findings revealed that AUD, psychological distress, and hopelessness were all significant risk factors for suicidal ideation among young adults. Furthermore, psychological distress and hopelessness served as significant mediators in the relationship between AUD and suicidal ideation. The study highlights the need for interventions and treatments that address co-occurring alcohol use and psychological distress/hopelessness in both sexes, for young adults at risk of suicide. In summary, the study underscores the importance of recognizing the underlying factors that contribute to suicidal ideation among young adults, especially those with AUD, psychological distress, and hopelessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have demonstrated that the relationship between social media use (SMU) and academic performance is mixed. This study extends those findings by examining how SMU for news predicts grade point average (GPA) for Hispanic, Black/African American, and White college students while controlling for gender. Students (N = 378) completed surveys where they reported how many times per week they used various social media platforms for news, whether or not they used those platforms to consume certain types of news, and demographic information. For Hispanic students, results indicated that using YouTube for entertainment news predicted lower GPAs, whereas using YouTube for news predicted higher GPAs. Black/African American students' use of Facebook for news predicted lower GPAs. SMU for news for White students did not predict GPA. Findings indicate that race/ethnicity should be considered when examining the relationship between SMU and academic performance and that minority students' GPAs are affected by their use of social media for news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use increases substantially fromadolescence to emerging adulthood, and recent longitudinal studies show disparities in AOD-related outcomes by racial and ethnic, as well as sexual and gender minority (SGM), identities. Greater insight is needed into how individual, social, and environmental contexts interact and affect such disparities, as well as why disparate outcomes are found across different domains (e.g., social, educational, economic), even after accounting for intensity of use. This commentary addresses these important and timely issues. Method: We provide a brief overview of the literature, including our own team's work over the last 14 years, to identify and understand disparities inAODrelated outcomes during adolescence and emerging adulthood across individuals with different racial and ethnic, and sexual and gender, identities. We then discuss paths forward to advance research and build a stronger evidence base, leading to the development and identification of effective interventions that can help mitigate disparities among historically marginalized adolescents and emerging adults. Results: Existing research highlights the need for further longitudinal work in several areas, including addressing contextual factors at various levels (e.g., individual, social, environmental) that may contribute to outcomes for different groups of individuals, developing and testing culturally appropriate AOD-related services, giving greater consideration to intersectionality of multiple minority identities, and using novel statistical approaches to help improve the estimation of differences across smaller subgroups of individuals in existing cohorts. Conclusions: To inform prevention programming and policy for improving health and well-being of historically marginalized populations, it is important to continue our efforts to understand disparities in AOD-related outcomes using multidisciplinary, equity, and intersectionality lenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]