266 results on '"Doney, S"'
Search Results
252. Inverse estimates of the oceanic sources and sinks of natural CO2and the implied oceanic carbon transport
- Author
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Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Gruber, N., Jacobson, A. R., Gloor, M., Doney, S. C., Dutkiewicz, S., Gerber, M., Follows, M., Joos, F., Lindsay, K., Menemenlis, D., Mouchet, A., Müller, S. A., and Sarmiento, J. L.
- Abstract
We use an inverse method to estimate the global‐scale pattern of the air‐sea flux of natural CO2, i.e., the component of the CO2flux due to the natural carbon cycle that already existed in preindustrial times, on the basis of ocean interior observations of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and other tracers, from which we estimate ΔCgasex, i.e., the component of the observed DICthat is due to the gas exchange of natural CO2. We employ a suite of 10 different Ocean General Circulation Models (OGCMs) to quantify the error arising from uncertainties in the modeled transport required to link the interior ocean observations to the surface fluxes. The results from the contributing OGCMs are weighted using a model skill score based on a comparison of each model's simulated natural radiocarbon with observations. We find a pattern of air‐sea flux of natural CO2characterized by outgassing in the Southern Ocean between 44°S and 59°S, vigorous uptake at midlatitudes of both hemispheres, and strong outgassing in the tropics. In the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics, the inverse estimates generally agree closely with the natural CO2flux results from forward simulations of coupled OGCM‐biogeochemistry models undertaken as part of the second phase of the Ocean Carbon Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP‐2). The OCMIP‐2 simulations find far less air‐sea exchange than the inversion south of 20°S, but more recent forward OGCM studies are in better agreement with the inverse estimates in the Southern Hemisphere. The strong source and sink pattern south of 20°S was not apparent in an earlier inversion study, because the choice of region boundaries led to a partial cancellation of the sources and sinks. We show that the inversely estimated flux pattern is clearly traceable to gradients in the observed ΔCgasex, and that it is relatively insensitive to the choice of OGCM or potential biases in ΔCgasex. Our inverse estimates imply a southward interhemispheric transport of 0.31 ± 0.02 Pg C yr−1, most of which occurs in the Atlantic. This is considerably smaller than the 1 Pg C yr−1of Northern Hemisphere uptake that has been inferred from atmospheric CO2observations during the 1980s and 1990s, which supports the hypothesis of a Northern Hemisphere terrestrial sink.
- Published
- 2007
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253. Multicentury changes in ocean and land contributions to the climate-carbon feedback
- Author
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Doney, S. [Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA (United States)]
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- 2015
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254. MAREDAT: towards a world atlas of MARine Ecosystem DATa.
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Buitenhuis, E. T., Vogt, M., Moriarty, R., Bednaršk, N., Doney, S. C., Leblanc, K., Le Quéré, C., Y.-W. Luo, O'Brien, C., O'Brien, T., Peloquin, J., Schiebel, R., and Swan, C.
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MARINE ecology , *MARINE phytoplankton , *BIOMASS , *COCCOLITHOPHORES , *BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , *PLANKTON - Abstract
We present a summary of biomass data for 11 plankton functional types (PFTs) plus phytoplankton pigment data, compiled as part of the MARine Ecosystem biomass DATa (MAREDAT) initiative. The goal of the MAREDAT initiative is to provide, in due course, global gridded data products with coverage of all planktic components of the global ocean ecosystem. This special issue is the first step towards achieving this. The PFTs presented here include picophytoplankton, diazotrophs, coccolithophores, Phaeocystis, diatoms, picoheterotrophs, microzooplankton, foraminifers, mesozooplankton, pteropods and macrozooplankton. All variables have been gridded onto a World Ocean Atlas (WOA) grid (1° x1° x33 vertical levels x monthly climatologies). The results show that abundance is much better constrained than their carbon content/elemental composition, and coastal seas and other high productivity regions have much better coverage than the much larger volumes where biomass is relatively low. The data show that (1) the global total heterotrophic biomass (2.0-4.6 PgC) is at least as high as the total autotrophic biomass (0.5-2.4 Pg C excluding nanophytoplankton and autotrophic dinoflagellates); (2) the biomass of zooplankton calcifiers (0.03-0.67 Pg C) is substantially higher than that of coccolithophores (0.001-0.03 Pg C); (3) patchiness of biomass distribution increases with organism size; and (4) although zooplankton biomass measurements below 200m are rare, the limited measurements available suggest that Bacteria and Archaea are not the only important heterotrophs in the deep sea. More data will be needed to characterise ocean ecosystem functioning and associated biogeochemistry in the Southern Hemisphere and below 200m. Future efforts to understand marine ecosystem composition and functioning will be helped both by further archiving of historical data and future sampling at new locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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255. MAREDAT: towards a World Ocean Atlas of MARine Ecosystem DATa.
- Author
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Buitenhuis, E. T., Vogt, M., Moriarty, R., Bednaršek, N., Doney, S. C., Leblanc, K., Le Quéré, C., Y.-W. Luo, O'Brien, C., O'Brien, T., Peloquin, J., Schiebel, R., and Swan, C.
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PLANKTON , *MARINE ecology , *PHYTOPLANKTON , *BIOMASS , *COCCOLITHOPHORES , *MARINE organisms - Abstract
The article discusses the Marine Ecosystem biomass Data (MAREDAT) initiative which is to gather data on plankton and other biological organisms found in the ocean ecosystem. It mentions that biomass and pigment data of plankton and phytoplankton were characterized and compiled to become one of the components of MAREDAT initiative. Furthermore, diazotrophs, coccolithophores and picophytoplankton were among the Plankton Functional Types (PFTs) studied.
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- 2012
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256. Volcano impacts on climate and biogeochemistry in a coupled carbon-climate model.
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Rothenberg, D., Mahowald, N., Lindsay, K., Doney, S. C., Moore, J. K., and Thornton, P.
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VOLCANIC eruptions , *EARTHQUAKE magnitude , *CARBON , *LAVA , *ASH (Combustion product) - Abstract
The article discusses the study which compares the direct observations of the Community Climate System Model Version 3 (CCSM3) from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991. The study suggests that the response of CCSM3 is weaker over tropical land and its biogeochemical response to eruptions is smaller in magnitude than observed. Results show that the carbon response in the model compared to observations could be due to the lava and ash input of biogeochemically species to the ocean.
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- 2012
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257. THE CLIMODE FIELD CAMPAIGN Observing the Cycle of Convection and Restratification over the Gulf Stream.
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MARSHALL, J., ANDERSSON, A., BATES, N., DEWAR, W., DONEY, S., EDSON, J., FERRARI, R., FORGET, G., FRATANTONI, D., GREGG, M., JOYCE, T., KELLY, K., LOZIER, S., LUMPKIN, R., MAZE, G., PALTER, J., SAMELSON, R., SILVERTHORNE, K., SKYLLINGSTAD, E., and STRANEO, F.
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OCEAN-atmosphere interaction , *BIOGEOCHEMISTRY , *OCEANOGRAPHY , *METEOROLOGY , *PHYSICS , *GULF Stream - Abstract
The article reports on the Clivar Mode Water Dynamic Experiment (CLIMODE) that examine the physics and biogeochemistry of Sub-Tropical Mode Water (STMW) over the Gulf Stream. It measures the air-sea heat exchange under the extreme atmospheric conditions. It observes that ocean gives up its heat to the atmosphere during intense storms due to the cycle of convention and restratification.
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- 2009
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258. Antarctic pelagic ecosystems on a warming planet.
- Author
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Schofield O, Cimino M, Doney S, Friedlaender A, Meredith M, Moffat C, Stammerjohn S, Van Mooy B, and Steinberg D
- Abstract
High-latitude pelagic marine ecosystems are vulnerable to climate change because of the intertwining of sea/continental ice dynamics, physics, biogeochemistry, and food-web structure. Data from the West Antarctic Peninsula allow us to assess how ice influences marine food webs by modulating solar inputs to the ocean, inhibiting wind mixing, altering the freshwater balance and ocean stability, and providing a physical substrate for organisms. State changes are linked to an increase in storm forcing and changing distribution of ocean heat. Changes ripple through the plankton, shifting the magnitude of primary production and its community composition, altering the abundance of krill and other prey essential for marine mammals and seabirds. These climate-driven changes in the food web are being exacerbated by human activity., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests None declared by authors., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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259. The Persistence of the Sacred : German Catholic Pilgrimage, 1832–1937
- Author
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DONEY, SKYE and DONEY, SKYE
- Published
- 2022
260. Global environmental implications of atmospheric methane removal through chlorine-mediated chemistry-climate interactions.
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Li Q, Meidan D, Hess P, Añel JA, Cuevas CA, Doney S, Fernandez RP, van Herpen M, Höglund-Isaksson L, Johnson MS, Kinnison DE, Lamarque JF, Röckmann T, Mahowald NM, and Saiz-Lopez A
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- Chlorine, Methane analysis, Climate, Atmosphere chemistry, Halogens, Air Pollution analysis, Ozone analysis
- Abstract
Atmospheric methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and photochemically active, with approximately equal anthropogenic and natural sources. The addition of chlorine to the atmosphere has been proposed to mitigate global warming through methane reduction by increasing its chemical loss. However, the potential environmental impacts of such climate mitigation remain unexplored. Here, sensitivity studies are conducted to evaluate the possible effects of increasing reactive chlorine emissions on the methane budget, atmospheric composition and radiative forcing. Because of non-linear chemistry, in order to achieve a reduction in methane burden (instead of an increase), the chlorine atom burden needs to be a minimum of three times the estimated present-day burden. If the methane removal target is set to 20%, 45%, or 70% less global methane by 2050 compared to the levels in the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario (RCP8.5), our modeling results suggest that additional chlorine fluxes of 630, 1250, and 1880 Tg Cl/year, respectively, are needed. The results show that increasing chlorine emissions also induces significant changes in other important climate forcers. Remarkably, the tropospheric ozone decrease is large enough that the magnitude of radiative forcing decrease is similar to that of methane. Adding 630, 1250, and 1880 Tg Cl/year to the RCP8.5 scenario, chosen to have the most consistent current-day trends of methane, will decrease the surface temperature by 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 °C by 2050, respectively. The quantity and method in which the chlorine is added, its interactions with climate pathways, and the potential environmental impacts on air quality and ocean acidity, must be carefully considered before any action is taken., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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261. Last Days of Theresienstadt
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Noack-Mosse, Eva, Doney, Skye, Ciplijauskaitė, Birutė, Noack-Mosse, Eva, Doney, Skye, and Ciplijauskaitė, Birutė
- Published
- 2018
262. Modeling the effect of water quality on the recreational shellfishing cultural ecosystem service of Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts.
- Author
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Luk SY, Hoagland P, Rheuban JE, Costa JE, and Doney SC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cities economics, Conservation of Natural Resources economics, Ecosystem, Estuaries, Massachusetts, Models, Economic, Socioeconomic Factors, Bays chemistry, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Crustacea growth & development, Recreation economics, Shellfish economics, Water Quality
- Abstract
Estuaries provide significant cultural ecosystem services, including recreation and tourism. Disruptions of estuarine biogeochemical processes resulting from environmental degradation could interrupt the flow of these services, reducing benefits and diminishing the welfare of local communities. This study focused on recreational shellfishing in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts (41.55°N, 70.80°W). Relationships among measures of recreational shellfishing, estuarine water quality, and local socioeconomic conditions were tested to understand how the benefits of cultural ecosystem services to local communities might be affected by declining water quality. Transferring estimated economic benefits from an analysis of nearby municipalities, the study finds that increases in Chl a during the 24-year period were associated with losses in recreational shellfishing benefits of $0.08-0.67 million per decade. The approach presented here suggests a more broadly applicable framework for assessing the impacts of changes in coastal ecosystem water quality on the welfare of local communities., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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263. Changes in Ocean Heat, Carbon Content, and Ventilation: A Review of the First Decade of GO-SHIP Global Repeat Hydrography.
- Author
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Talley LD, Feely RA, Sloyan BM, Wanninkhof R, Baringer MO, Bullister JL, Carlson CA, Doney SC, Fine RA, Firing E, Gruber N, Hansell DA, Ishii M, Johnson GC, Katsumata K, Key RM, Kramp M, Langdon C, Macdonald AM, Mathis JT, McDonagh EL, Mecking S, Millero FJ, Mordy CW, Nakano T, Sabine CL, Smethie WM, Swift JH, Tanhua T, Thurnherr AM, Warner MJ, and Zhang JZ
- Subjects
- Climate, Oceanography instrumentation, Ships, Temperature, Water Movements, Carbon analysis, Seawater chemistry
- Abstract
Global ship-based programs, with highly accurate, full water column physical and biogeochemical observations repeated decadally since the 1970s, provide a crucial resource for documenting ocean change. The ocean, a central component of Earth's climate system, is taking up most of Earth's excess anthropogenic heat, with about 19% of this excess in the abyssal ocean beneath 2,000 m, dominated by Southern Ocean warming. The ocean also has taken up about 27% of anthropogenic carbon, resulting in acidification of the upper ocean. Increased stratification has resulted in a decline in oxygen and increase in nutrients in the Northern Hemisphere thermocline and an expansion of tropical oxygen minimum zones. Southern Hemisphere thermocline oxygen increased in the 2000s owing to stronger wind forcing and ventilation. The most recent decade of global hydrography has mapped dissolved organic carbon, a large, bioactive reservoir, for the first time and quantified its contribution to export production (∼20%) and deep-ocean oxygen utilization. Ship-based measurements also show that vertical diffusivity increases from a minimum in the thermocline to a maximum within the bottom 1,500 m, shifting our physical paradigm of the ocean's overturning circulation.
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- 2016
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264. Life-cycle modification in open oceans accounts for genome variability in a cosmopolitan phytoplankton.
- Author
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von Dassow P, John U, Ogata H, Probert I, Bendif el M, Kegel JU, Audic S, Wincker P, Da Silva C, Claverie JM, Doney S, Glover DM, Flores DM, Herrera Y, Lescot M, Garet-Delmas MJ, and de Vargas C
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomass, Chlorophyll chemistry, Computational Biology, Diploidy, Ecology, Flagella metabolism, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Markers genetics, Genome, Genomics, Genotype, Life Cycle Stages, Haptophyta genetics, Oceans and Seas, Phytoplankton genetics
- Abstract
Emiliania huxleyi is the most abundant calcifying plankton in modern oceans with substantial intraspecific genome variability and a biphasic life cycle involving sexual alternation between calcified 2N and flagellated 1N cells. We show that high genome content variability in Emiliania relates to erosion of 1N-specific genes and loss of the ability to form flagellated cells. Analysis of 185 E. huxleyi strains isolated from world oceans suggests that loss of flagella occurred independently in lineages inhabiting oligotrophic open oceans over short evolutionary timescales. This environmentally linked physiogenomic change suggests life cycling is not advantageous in very large/diluted populations experiencing low biotic pressure and low ecological variability. Gene loss did not appear to reflect pressure for genome streamlining in oligotrophic oceans as previously observed in picoplankton. Life-cycle modifications might be common in plankton and cause major functional variability to be hidden from traditional taxonomic or molecular markers.
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- 2015
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265. The consequences of human-driven ocean acidification for marine life.
- Author
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Doney S
- Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide is causing a wholesale shift in surface seawater chemistry, potentially threatening many marine organisms that form shells and skeletons from calcium carbonate. Recent papers suggest that the biological consequences of ocean acidification already may be underway and may be more complex, nuanced and widespread than previously thought.
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- 2009
- Full Text
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266. A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS).
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Anderson R, Archer D, Bathmann U, Boyd P, Buesseler K, Burkill P, Bychkov A, Carlson C, Chen CT, Doney S, Ducklow H, Emerson S, Feely R, Feldman G, Garçon V, Hansell D, Hanson R, Harrison P, Honjo S, Jeandel C, Karl D, Le Borgne R, Liu K, Lochte K, Louanchi F, Lowry R, Michaels A, Monfray P, Murray J, Oschlies A, Platt T, Priddle J, Quiñones R, Ruiz-Pino D, Saino T, Sakshaug E, Shimmield G, Smith S, Smith W, Takahashi T, Tréguer P, Wallace D, Wanninkhof R, Watson A, Willebrand J, and Wong CS
- Subjects
- Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Databases, Factual, International Cooperation, Oceans and Seas, Research organization & administration, Seasons, Carbon metabolism, Environmental Monitoring, Greenhouse Effect
- Published
- 2001
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