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The NMR spectra of the nonaromatic protons in several benzo-substituted five- and six-membered rings have been analyzed at 60- and 90-MHz. The vicinal coupling constants from theCH2CH2fragments give a quantitative assessment of the degree of ring flattening. The distortions are discussed in terms of the structural components of the molecules.

The microwave spectrum of cyclopropene has been investigated in the region of 18−40 GHz. The two monosubstituted 13C species have been assigned and a centrifugal distortion analysis carried out on the main isotopic species. Structural parameters obtained are r (C1C2) = 1.509±0.001 A, r (C2C2′) = 1.2959±0.0004 A, &C2C1C2′ = 50.84±0.05°, r (CH ethylenic) = 1.072±0.001 A, r (CH methylenic) = 1.088±0.002 A, &C2C2′H = 149.85±0.08°, &HC1H = 114.57±0.19°.

The microwave spectrum of cyclopropyl cyanide has been re‐examined and a centrifugal distortion analysis has been carried out. Also, the two isotopic species containing 13C in the ring have been assigned allowing a substitution determination of the ring structure. Parameters found are r12 = 1.528±0.005 A, r23 = 1.500±0.002 A, &C2C1C3 = 58.8±0.3°.

The ground state rotational spectrum of propane has been investigated between 6.4 and 26.5 GHz with a microwave Fourier transform spectrometer and between 140 and 300 GHz with a millimeter-wave spectrometer. High J transitions have been measured and fitted to a centrifugally distorted Hamiltonian including some sextic coefficients. The results of the analysis are sufficiently accurate for the prediction of all strong transitions of astrophysical interest.

The rotational spectra of CH2F2, v = 0, v4= 1 , v4 = 2 and 13CH2F2, v = 0 have been reanalyzed. Accurate rotational and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined.

A comprehensive geometrical approach is presented for the least-squares analysis of overlay distortion patterns into useful, physically meaningful systematic distortion subpatterns and an essentially non-systematic residue. A scheme of generally useful distortion sub-patterns is presented in graphic and algorithmic form; some of these sub-patterns are additions to those already in widespread use. A graphic and geometric approach is emphasized rather than an algebraic or statistical approach, and an example illustrates the value in utilizing the pattern-detecting ability of the eye-brain system. The conditions are described under which different distortion sub-patterns may interact, possibly leading to misleading or erroneous conclusions about the types and amounts of different distortions present. Examples of typical interaction situations are given, and recommendations are made for analytic procedures to avoid misinterpretation. It is noted that the lower-order distortion patterns preserve straight-line linearity, but that higher-order distortion may result in straight lines becoming curved. The principle of least-squares analysis is outlined and a simple polynomial data-fitting example is used to illustrate the method. Algorithms are presented for least-squares distortion analysis of overlay patterns, and an APL2 program is given to show how this may easily be implemented on a digital computer. The appendix extends the treatment to cases where small-angle approximation is not permissible.

A careful study of the transmission data of a microstrip line circuit reveals in the time-domain analysis the distortion due to other modes.

The microwave spectrum of cyclopropene has been investigated in the region of 18−40 GHz. The two monosubstituted 13C species have been assigned and a centrifugal distortion analysis carried out on the main isotopic species. Structural parameters obtained are r (C1C2) = 1.509±0.001 A, r (C2C2′) = 1.2959±0.0004 A, &C2C1C2′ = 50.84±0.05°, r (CH ethylenic) = 1.072±0.001 A, r (CH methylenic) = 1.088±0.002 A, &C2C2′H = 149.85±0.08°, &HC1H = 114.57±0.19°.

This paper develops an algorithm for determining the distortion in a two-dimensional pattern from perturbations in its projections. The algorithm is based on the biproportional model which uses the x- and y- projections of the pattern's matrix for distortion analysis. This method is an iterative procedure, adjusting at each iteration its x- and y- projections until they converge. This paper derives the mathematical basis of the method and simulation programs which have been developed. The method is then applied to an example, the image processing of sample cells of human chromosomes with sister chromatid exchanges.

The plane type white light reconstructed holographic stereogram (PW-HS) is useful when portrait or other objects,which can riot be taken hologram directlytare chosen to the objects and are used for the cover of the books or the demonstration on the wall. In this method usually the object or camera is moved transversely to make the object film photographically. But, in this method the projected image moves on the screen and it limits the number of element hogram. Consequently it limits the field of view of HS. For these reasons we propose the rotation method to take photograph of 3 dimensional object. The reconstructed image obtained in this method usually contain the distortion depending on the scanning angle of the object.

The history of distortion analysis is traced back to its origin in parallel compressor theory which was initially proposed in the late fifties. The development of this theory is reviewed up to its inclusion in the complex computer codes of today. It is found to be a very useful tool to guide development but not quantitative enough to predict compatibility. Dynamic or instantaneous distortion methodology is also reviewed from its origins in the sixties, to its current application in the eighties. Many of the requirements for interpreting instantaneous distortion are considered and illustrated. Statistical methods for predicting the peak distortion are described, and their limitations and advantages discussed. Finally, some Reynolds number and scaling considerations for inlet testing are considered. It is concluded that the deterministic instantaneous distortion methodology combined with distortion testing of engines with screens will remain the primary method of predicting compatibility for the near future. However, parallel compressor analysis and statistical peak distortion prediction will be important tools employed during the development of inlet/engine compatibility.

The microwave spectrum of cyclopropyl cyanide has been re‐examined and a centrifugal distortion analysis has been carried out. Also, the two isotopic species containing 13C in the ring have been assigned allowing a substitution determination of the ring structure. Parameters found are r12 = 1.528±0.005 A, r23 = 1.500±0.002 A, &C2C1C3 = 58.8±0.3°.

The internal rotation fine structure of the microwave spectrum of ethyl fluoride CH3CH2F was resolved and analyzed in the ground state. The assignment of the high J lines was checked by a centrifugal distortion analysis. The barrier height V3 determined from the ground state is 3349±4 cal/mol.

This tutorial aims to demystify the distortion analysis of nonlinear systems. It provides a basic understanding on Volterra theory, starting from classical linear system theory. This must result in a better understanding of the behavior of nonlinear systems. Afterwards, the tutorial introduces the Best-Linear Approximation (BLA) paradigm, which represents the nonlinear system as a linear transfer function and additive nonlinear distortion components. This enables the separation of the various linear and nonlinear contributions. Finally, it is shown how to pinpoint the dominant nonlinear distortions in complex system in a hierarchical way by combining the different approaches.

The aim of this paper is to provide some guidelines on the design of MOS V-I converters. An explicit formula for the harmonic distortion based on an analytic model of the MOSFET has been derived for any inversion level. Experimental results for the distortion in the MOSFET V-I characteristics as well as biasing and tuning strategies applied to MOSFET-C filters are presented.

One hundred and nine new rotational transitions of ONCl in the ground vibrational state have been measured. A centrifugal distortion analysis of these transitions yields the values of six sextic and one octic centrifugal distortion constants. A comparison between experimental and calculated sextic distortion constants is reported.

Current measurement techniques typically focus on distortion produced by clipping or intermodulation of pure tones. There is little information on the relation between these measurements and the perception of distortion. The present study had two purposes. First, to develop a general method for measuring distortion. Second, to determine the association between this physical measurement and the perception of distortion for normal hearing listeners. Results suggest that a critical band analysis of distortion can be useful for predicting thresholds for distortion, at least for simple stimuli. [Research supported by NIDRR.]