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The research analysed the effect of financial statements on financial decisions of listed deposit money bank in Nigeria. The research employed 14 deposit money banks that were carefully chosen from among the Nigerian stock exchange's 21 deposit money banks. The data for the research was gathered from the annual reports of the sampled deposit money banks during a 13-year period, from 2007 to 2020. The data was utilizing with aids of descriptive and inferential analytical techniques. Mean analysis, measure of dispersion, minimum and maximum analysis were among the descriptive analyses performed in the study, followed by correlation analysis, pooled OLS estimation, fixed effect estimation, random effect estimation, and post estimation tests such as restricted F-test, Hausman test, and Pesaran cross sectional independence. Asset tangibility has a favourable but negligible influence on deposit money bank capital structure decisions in Nigeria. It was also revealed that asset tangibility has a negative and minor effect on deposit money institutions' liquidity decisions in Nigeria. As a result, it is clearly showed that asset tangibility influences deposit money bank financial decisions in Nigeria. Credit risk has a positive but negligible effect on deposit money bank capital structure decisions in Nigeria, but a negative but large effect on deposit money bank liquidity decisions, according to the research. Assets and liabilities have a mixed influence on deposit money banks' financial decisions in Nigeria. The study therefore, concluded that deposit money banks in Nigeria should increase the tangibility of their assets, as this will provide investors and depositors with the assurance that their deposits and investments are safe as long as the value of the company's tangible assets exceeds the amount of their risk. This will be used as collateral to get additional cash from creditors, allowing banks to make better capital structure decisions. In addition, deposit money bank management in Nigeria could explore using mild debt in their capital structure components rather than equity. This is due to the fact that interest payments on debt obligations are tax deductible, whilst dividends paid to shareholders are not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Evidenciação Contábil & Finanças is the property of Revista Evidenciacao Contabil & Financas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The macroprudential policy mechanism of Time Deposits with Special Guarantee (TDSG) was introduced in Brazil after the 2008 global financial crisis to prevent a liquidity shock in the banking sector. The TDSG is a form of deposit insurance established to avoid bank runs and protect depositors in the event of bankruptcy of financial institutions. In this paper, we study the impact of the TDSG policy on the moral hazard of small and medium-sized Brazilian banks based on data from 101 banks in the period 2007 to 2015. The empirical evaluation relies on difference-in-differences estimators with fixed effects. The results provide evidence validating the hypothesis of moral hazard associated with the TDSG policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The steady flow of remittances due to financial integration has grabbed the attention of academicians and policy advisors. Despite the growing importance of remittances, the study on the relationship between remittances and financial development in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa remains unexplored. Thus, this paper analyses the effect of remittances on financial development. It also investigates the long-run and short-run relationship between remittances and financial development using annual data of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa from 1990 to 2019. Three different financial development indicators are used: domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, bank deposit as a percentage of GDP, liquid liabilities as a percentage of GDP. The study employs the fixed and random effect model, Johansen Cointegration tests, vector error correction model, and Wald tests for analysis. The results suggest a positive effect of remittances on bank deposits. It indicates that a 1% increase in remittances leads to a 4.5% increase in bank deposits. The study also reveals the long-run relationship between remittances and bank deposits and the absence of a short-run relationship between remittances and financial development. The main implications of the study can be predicted as remittances allow the accumulation of savings in the long run and provide the platform for the unbanked recipients to utilize certain financial products and services. The absence of a short-run relationship indicates that remittances are utilized mainly for consumption in the short run. However, it can be recommended that BRICS economies should make every effort to increase the remittance inflows through reduced transaction costs and tax benefits in remittance-led investment or banks to bank deposits with competitive deposit rates for the diaspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devoted to finding methods and ways to stabilize the financial condition of the bank during the crisis, namely by attracting deposit flows, which is the main investment resource. The purpose of the study is a theoretical and methodological justification of a set of practical recommendations for attracting deposit flows to create investment resources as a basic structural element of the investment potential of the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study of the formation of the bank’s deposit policy revealed the main reasons for banks to attract funds from individuals, namely: a stable resource (the nature of deposits depends on the types of lending operations, and accordingly the amount of profit); commercial banks can attract sufficient resources of this kind; relatively cheap resource for banks compared to interbank loans and other financial instruments; private deposits are beneficial for banks (current deposits show less activity in the movement of funds than in the funds of enterprises). The principles of banking strategy are studied and the classification of intrabank principles and their distribution taking into account the economic situation into: general (principle of scientific substantiation; principle of system integrity; principle of integrated approach; principle of optimality and efficiency; principle of unity of elements) and specific (principle of ensuring optimal cost level; principle) security; the principle of reliability; the principle of unity of elements). The banking market is considered, the leaders in terms of profitability of a banking institution are identified. The state of deposit policy in some banks is analyzed and the problems of deposit policy of Ukrainian banks during the Covid-19 Pandemic are identified. The directions and ways of their decision are offered. Based on the study, ways to attract depositors to banks during the COVID-19 pandemic as the main investors, whose funds are a source of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes the case for allowing citizens and organizations the option of opening deposit accounts at the central bank that would receive the policy rate of interest. Unlike proposals to nationalize banks, this proposal would leave the function of allocating credit to the private sector. I contend that opening up the privilege of transactions accounts at the central bank to non-banks would result in the public provisioning of the payments systems (PPPS). I discuss the feasibility of the reform by framing it within the context of the evolution of the payments system. Specifically, I argue that the PPPS could reduce the financial fragility and the unnecessary expansion of the financial sector that has evolved out of the current arrangements. Furthermore, I address three criticisms that can be made of the PPPS: the inefficiency of government provisioning relative to the private sector, the necessity of private sector bank deposits for the capital development of a country and, finally, the possibility that the problems created by private sector depository institutions might reemerge in the shadow banking sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal For Economic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Term periodic deposits are the main means of forming people's savings. Different needs and savings opportunities can be met through different modifications of the standard schemes for depositing funds in periodic deposits. The paper offers three options for long-term recurring deposits with changing contributions. Methods for deriving generalized formulas in each of them are proposed and peculiarities in solving problems of this type are considered. The theoretical results are aprobed with examples and self-study tasks are proposed. The research in the article has not only practical meaning, but can also be useful in the process of educating pupils and university students, as it enables them to realize the overall logic of deposit formation and make their own modifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a renewed interest in the wealth effects on household consumption expenditure mostly in the background of the global financial crisis and Eurozone turmoil. The available literature on wealth effects mostly focuses on advanced economies. Hence, this article studies the financial wealth effects on private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) in an emerging economy like India. We use the quarterly data for the period 1951–2015 and employ the ARDL method that has the flexibility in overcoming the econometric issues associated with the traditional methods in the analysis of time series models. The results suggest that financial assets wealth in the form of stock market capitalization (MC) significantly affects the PFCE. This article establishes the long‐run positive relationship between financial wealth assets and household consumption. The major inference is that households are closely linked with the financial markets through their investments in the form of insurance, mutual funds, company deposits, company stocks, and other forms. Hence their consumption behavior is significantly affected by the financial wealth created by the financial markets. The policy implication is to make the financial markets more transparent, easy to access by reducing the related financial intermediation costs leading to a deeper integration of the households with the financial markets, which in turn would result in increased financial asset wealth generation and consequently increased household consumption to boost economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional and functional development of entities responsible for the provision of deposit insurance remains a marginal area of scientific research. The literature does not offer comprehensive analyses of the organization of deposit guarantee schemes (DGS), including the identification of all their possible tasks supporting the performance of its main goal (deposit insurance). Nevertheless, the potential synergies and cost savings justify broad range of tasks that could be carried out by DGSs in order to facilitate their functioning. At the same time, the problem of the functional shape of DGS is also of utmost practical importance. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to fill the identified gap by classifying the non‐payout functions and presenting the empirical review about them. To this end, the activities of 109 deposit guarantors around the world were analyzed. The review allowed to distinguish seven DGS functions supplementary to the payout of covered deposits, as well as to examine the interdependencies between the recognized roles and evaluate in terms of the DGSs' fulfillment of their objectives. Additionally, the advantages and disadvantages of every supplementary DGS activity were presented. The analysis allowed for the distinction of desired functions of deposit guarantee schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Finance Letters / Maliye Finans Yazıları Dergisi is the property of Maliye Finans Yazilari Yayimcilik Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the discussion on order approving the acquisition and merger of Savings and Loan Holding Companies. Topics include approving a proposal resulting in the formation of a multiple SLHC controling savings associations in more than one state; and consummation of the proposal not having a significantly adverse effect on competition in any relevant banking market.

During the Great Recession and the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic, practitioners and scholars alike looked to fiscal reserves as a means to overcome fiscal pressure on state budgets. This study builds on the literature exploring the association between budget stabilization funds and unassigned and unreserved balances (UUBs) during economic booms and busts and under different institutional settings. We find that BSFs supplement UUBs during economic booms and substitute for them during economic busts. Institutional rules strongly influence the relationship between both saving instruments. Applications for practice: We find that budget stabilization funds supplement unassigned and unreserved balances during times of economic prosperity and substitute them during economic declines. We provide evidence that strict deposit and withdrawal rules enhance the relationship between the business cycle and savings. Strict caps on budget stabilization funds decrease supplementation effects.We introduce replenishment rules to the study of budget stabilization funds. These rules lead to strong supplementation effects after money has been transferred out of the stabilization fund, but decrease supplementation effects during all other time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Procesos de Mercado is the property of Procesos de Mercado. Revista Europea de Economia Politica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the banking system of India. The paper considers and analyzes the structure of the banking system, the history of its formation, its role in the country's economy, key features and main development trends. The specific features that distinguish the banking system of India from the banking systems of other countries are highlighted. The functions of different types of banks in servicing business and the population are considered. The role of the state in the functioning of the banking system is analyzed. The forecast of changes in the banking system in the light of the unfolding global economic crisis is given.

The article reports that the U.S. government agencies across Washington scarce overseas slots and embassy services, and State Department security officers were concerned about U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)'s need to recruit local employees in Russia. Topics include agency offered up their A-team for lectures on the prospects for political change and economic reform; and Russian apartment building with a briefing on efforts to privatize Moscow apartments and build housing.

Using a dataset that includes 24 developing and developed countries for the period 1984–2017, this research adopts outstanding deposits with commercial banks to GDP ratio and research and development (R&D) expenditure to GDP ratio as main proxies of financial inclusion and R&D, respectively. The empirical results suggest that promoting financial inclusion or R&D can offset the harmful effects of uncertainty on economic performance and that the impact of R&D with uncertainty is statistically significantly greater than the impact of financial inclusion with uncertainty. Moreover, our subsample analyses indicate that the mitigating effects of financial inclusion and R&D exist in nonfinancial crisis periods, developed countries, and the European region. To address endogeneity concerns, we employ six instrumental variables in a two-stage least squares regression (IV-2SLS). Our findings have useful policy implications to government for dealing with economic policy uncertainty for the economy's benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a framework for pricing deposit insurance that evaluates the effect of depositor preference laws and the issuance of contingent capital bonds. Four main findings emerge from this study. First, traditional option pricing models of deposit insurance overestimate insurance premiums. Second, only large issuances of contingent capital bonds decrease deposit insurance premiums under depositor preference. Third, the issuance of contingent capital bonds can partially offset banks' excessive risk‐taking caused by regulatory forbearance. Finally, although large banks have implied too‐big‐to‐fail risks, the deposit insurer's costs from large banks are not nearly as high as reported in previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Administration & Economics is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper applied the panel VAR approach and the Impulse Response Functions to investigate the differences in the monetary transmission processes of Islamic and conventional banks using disaggregated bank-level data for Saudi Arabia over the period 2008Q1–2020Q4. Our findings show that: i) Islamic banks play a significant role in transmitting monetary policy decisions to the real economy through the balance sheet channel; ii) Islamic banks' deposits are more responsive to oil price shocks than Islamic financing; iii) the reaction of Islamic banks to monetary policy and price shocks is relatively weaker than that of conventional banks, suggesting the existence of rigidities, such as excess liquidity, inertia in changing return rates, and the lack of funding and investment sources, and iv) the relatively significant responses of Islamic banks to various shocks make it easier for the Saudi central bank to achieve macroeconomic goals through monetary policy actions in a dual-banking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Financial Intermediation Act represents the fulfilment of the legislator's intention to unify the conditions for the distribution of financial services in the insurance or reinsurance, capital market, supplementary pension saving, retirement pension saving, deposittaking, lending, consumer credit and housing credit sectors. The regulation of financial intermediation has evolved dynamically over the last eleven years and has undergone numerous changes. The increasing regulatory burden can be attributed to the fact that financial intermediaries make a significant contribution to the conclusion of financial service contracts and come into contact with a large number of clients. By distributing financial products, they contribute to the profits of financial institutions, the financial intermediaries in the economy, bringing together surplus and scarce funds. Just as the financial crisis (and, nowadays, the pandemic crisis) has led legislators, both national and European, to increase the demands placed on financial institutions, so too, logically, have the demands on the distributors of their services. The authors reflect on the 'brokerpool' model as a way of carrying out financial intermediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While Ostrom-inspired research has proven an important corrective to the simplistic “markets or government” dichotomy that continues to shape social and administrative sciences, this paper uses a case study to suggest that in some circumstances, our understanding of the commons could be enriched by giving more weight to the role governments can play in helping to constitute a human-made commons. In particular, this paper examines the case of a little-known deposit insurance scheme run by credit unions in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan that has operated without once incurring a deficit for 70 years despite offering the kind of unlimited deposit insurance frowned upon by policymakers. We find that the provincial government played an important role in constituting the scheme and helping it operate, effectively, as a polycentric commons that until recently, satisfied all the design principles that tend to characterize successful collective management. The resulting argument is simple: it would be difficult to understand the stability of Saskatchewan’s credit union deposit insurance scheme without also understanding how government supported its operation as a commons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The peculiarities of the manifestations of credit, market and currency risks, liquidity risks and risks of "state failure" for the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law were examined the article. Recommendations are offered for minimizing existing risks and restoring the functionality of the banking system in the context of performing financial intermediation functions. Methods. Traditional methods of scientific knowledge were used in the article. In particular, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as a graphic method for visualization and comparison of trends of certain indicators, were used to study the main trends of the risks of banking activity under martial law. Methods of generalization and abstraction were used to formulate recommendations for minimizing banking risks during martial law. Results. In the course of the study, it was proved that the credit risk in the conditions of martial law is minimal for the banking system of Ukraine, because as a result of ineffective monetary policy, the credit burden on the national economy is minimal and insufficient for its recovery. The negative impact of currency and market risks on the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine is substantiated. It is proved that due to the use of the monetary regime of inflation targeting, the banking system of Ukraine has lost the ability to implement the investment function and the functions of financial intermediation in general. Disscussion. As a result of the state of war and the negative expectations of economic agents, the short-term deposit base of banks will increase, and the volume of deposits will decrease, which may lead to a liquidity crisis in the banking system, however, the uninterrupted functioning of the banking system of Ukraine in terms of settlement and cash services will be preserved due to the high level of concentration of capital and banking assets owned by the state. In order to minimize the negative impact of banking risks, the NBU should resort to the use of mechanisms for targeted cheap long-term refinancing of banks under specific economic development programs, which will allow restoring the intermediary functions of the banking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Increasing the load-bearing capacity of metal arch supports used to maintain the mine workings due to strengthening in places with the highest bending moment. Methods. The stress-strain state of the rock mass and support is analyzed using the ANSYS software package. The problem is studied in three variants: a support without strengtheners, a support with one strengthener in the area with the maximum bending moment, and a support with three strengtheners in the areas with the highest bending moments. To determine the bending moments and normal forces in a three-section metal arch support, the finite element method is used for specific and existing conditions, which is followed by the selection of the required standard size of the support. Findings. The conducted research gives reasons to believe that the proposed variant for increasing the load-bearing capacity of the support, made from a special replaceable rolled profile (SCP), can significantly improve the state of mine workings. Obviously, the proposed solution can be applied not only to arch supports, but also to other structures of rolled metal support. Originality. The pattern of changes in the values of internal forces arising in metal arch frame supports, depending on the deformation characteristics, the location of the strengtheners, as well as on the geometric characteristics of the mine working and the ratio of lateral and vertical loads on the support, has been determined. Practical implications. The proposed variant for increasing the load-bearing capacity of the support can be used to sustainably maintain mine workings in difficult mining-geological conditions of the Karaganda Coal Basin mines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Representation in a generalized form of the conducted research on the development of technology for heap leaching of gold-bearing tailings at the Vasilkovsky GOK (Altyntau Kokshetau), which can be used to recover gold from technogenic deposits in Kazakhstan. Methods. The research on the gold recovery from the ore beneficiation tailings at the Vasilkovsky deposit is conducted using direct cyanidation. Experiments are performed in open heat-resistant beakers equipped with a mechanical agitator. The preparation of the material for cyanidation consists of the following operations, such as grinding, water washing and alkaline treatment followed by cyanidation. The optimal cyanidation parameters are determined by performing a series of experiments with a change in one parameter at a constant value of others. After the optimal process duration is determined, a series of experiments are conducted with a change in the solids content in the pulp of 20, 25, 33, 50 and 100%. The concentration of cyanide in the solution is 0.1-1.0 g/dm3. The concentration of sodium thiosulphate in the cyanide solution is 0.5-5.0 g/dm3. The process temperature varies within 20, 30, and 40°С. The content of the nutrient medium is the sodium thiosulphate for the used culture T10. Findings. It has been determined that with an increase in the solids content in the pulp, the degree of gold recovery from tai-lings increases, reaching a maximum of 97.5%, with a ratio of (solid: liquid) S:L = 1:1. When the solids content in the pulp is below 50%, a longer agitation leaching of the pulp is required to achieve a recovery of at least 85-90%, which, in turn, leads to high operating costs. Originality. For the first time it has been found that the optimal solids content for maximum gold recovery in the pulp can be considered 50% (or S:L = 1:1). Practical implications. Increasing the solids content in the pulp contributes to the duration of the solvent contact with the ore mass, which allows the use of less concentrated solutions of the leaching agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the Automated Clearing House (ACH) process operates from beginning to end through a series of legal agreements. every Originating Depository Financial Institution and Receiving Depository Financial Institution that transmits entries through the ACH Network must have an agreement with an ACH Operator that binds it to the Nacha Operating Rules.

Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims at highlighting the significance of banking regulations for the determination of bank performance (financial and risk management). From the World Bank data set, eight factors of regulatory guidelines (entry barriers, the permissibility of activities, deposit insurance scheme, capital requirement, information disclosure, supervision, external monitoring, and governance structure) across 129 countries are identified. The impact of each factor on bank performance is analyzed by applying multiple regression and stepwise regression models. The empirical findings indicate the positive impact of stringency of regulations regarding permissibility of activities and supervision on the financial performance of banks. Capital requirement stringency and external monitoring regulations negatively affect financial performance. The risk management effort of banks improves with the stringency of regulations regarding activities permitted, capital requirement, and external monitoring. All these factors influencing performance across heterogeneous banking system can pave the way towards the development of uniform global banking regulatory practices. Uniform global banking regulations can be an assured solution for the smooth functioning of banks at the international level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present an empirical analysis of the European Central Bank (ECB) deposit rate dynamics during 2014–2020, attempting to answer how deep could be cut further this rate without causing persistent yield curve inversions (YCI), i.e. lower yields for longer terms. It addresses the sustainability of the traditional banking and shows that inverted yield curves would require changing the banking-as-usual model to the government-guaranteed long-term-borrowing coupled with short-term-lending. This research poses the question of whether the banking sector should become a public utility. Design/methodology/approach: The future scenarios of negative interest rate (NIR) behavior are modeled seeking to increase the understanding of NIR environment. Using an event-study design, empirical analyses of the ECB deposit rate cuts on the Euro Over-Night Index Average rates is performed at different maturities. Findings: This study finds that, starting from the lower limit of 80 basis points below zero, the ECB deposit rate is likely to result in complete YCIs. Social implications: This paper evidences that moving rates into a more negative territory is likely to be completely counterproductive for banking industry, implying that banking at such conditions would become heavily dependent on governmental support. The results shed light on the interdependence of the banking business, financial monetary policy and welfare of the society, providing policymakers with empirically defined milestones for policy implementations. Originality/value: This paper clarifies the impact of the ECB deposit rate on the overall shape of yield curves. The novelty of this research resides in investigation of YCI by simulating NIR dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the consequences and optimal design of bank deposit insurance and reinsurance in a general equilibrium setting. The model involves two production sectors, financed by bonds and bank loans, respectively. Financial intermediation by banks is required in the model as we assume that one of the production sectors is risky and requires monitoring by banks. Households fund banks through deposits and equity. Deposits are explicitly insured and banks pay a premium per unit of deposits. Any remaining shortfall is implicitly guaranteed by the government. Two types of equilibria emerge: One type of equilibria supports the Pareto optimal allocation. In the other type, bank lending and the default risk are excessively large. The intuition is as follows: the combination of financial intermediation by banks, limited liability of bank shareholders, and deposit insurance makes deposits risk-free from the individual households' perspective, although they involve risk from the societal point of view. This distorts investment choices and the resulting input allocation to production sectors. We show, however, that a judicious combination of deposit insurance and reinsurance eliminates all non-optimal equilibrium allocations. Our paper thus may provide a benchmark result for policy proposals advocating deposit insurance cum reinsurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a critical analysis of the effects of negative interest rates on banks and the broader economy, challenging traditional economic models that overlook the role of banks in providing credit. It discusses how negative interest rate policies, while aimed at stimulating investment and economic activity, can inadvertently reduce banks' earnings and their ability to supply credit.

Copyright of Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (Ubg) is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)