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Copyright of Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia is the property of UFRGS-Faculdade de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The local route of stem cell administration utilized presently in clinical trials for stress incontinence may not take full advantage of the capabilities of these cells. The goal of this study was to evaluate if intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) home to pelvic organs after simulated childbirth injury in a rat model. Female rats underwent either vaginal distension (VD) or sham VD. All rats received 2 million GFP-labeled MSCs intravenously 1 hour after injury. Four or 10 days later pelvic organs and muscles were imaged for visualization of GFP-positive cells. Significantly more MSCs home to the urethra, vagina, rectum, and levator animuscle 4 days after VD than after sham VD. MSCs were present 10 days after injection but GFP intensity had decreased. This study provides basic science evidence that intravenous administration ofMSCs could provide an effective route for cell-based therapy to facilitate repair after injury and treat stress incontinence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes the case of the U.S. versus Ruiz-Gaxiola wherein the Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit held that the government could not treat a defendant involuntarily for the purpose of giving the defendant competent to stand trial. It presents facts and procedural history of the case. It mentions the case of Sell versus the U.S. wherein the Supreme Court made a test to determine when it is allowed to administer antipsychotic treatment against a person's will.

Copyright of Ciência Florestal (01039954) is the property of Ciencia Florestal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between flavonoid-rich diets and improved cardiovascular prognosis. Cocoa contains large amounts of flavonoids, in particular fiavanols (mostly catechins and epicatechins). Havonoids possess pleiotropic properties that may confer protective effects to tissues during injury. We examined the ability of epicatechin to reduce short-and long-term ischemia-reperfusion (1/R) myocardial injury. Epicatechin (1 mg kg' day `) pretreatment (Tx) was administered daily via oral gavage to male rats for 2 or 10 days. Controls received water. Ischemia was induced via a 45-mm coronary occlusion. Reperfu- sion was allowed until 48 h or 3 wk while Tx continued. We measured infarct (MI) size (%), hemodynamics, myeloperoxidase activity, tissue oxidative stress, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity in 48-h groups. Cardiac morphometry was also evaluated in 3-wk groups. With 2 days of Tx, no reductions in MI size occurred. After 10 days, a significant --50% reduction in MI size occurred. Epicatechin rats dem- onstrated no significant changes in hemodynamics. Tissue oxida- tive stress was reduced significantly in the epicatechin group vs. controls. MMP-9 activity demonstrated limited increases in the infarct region with epicatechin. By 3 wk, a significant 32% reduc- tion in infarct size was observed with Tx, accompanied with sustained hemodynamics and preserved chamber morphometry. In conclusion, epicatechin Tx confers cardioprotection in the setting of hR injury. The effects are independent of changes in hemody- namics, are sustained over time, and areaccompanied by reduced levels of indicators of tissue injury. Results warrant the evaluation of cocoa flavanols as possible therapeutic agents to limit ischemic injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examined whether stem cells can help in the recovery of nerves and prevent stress urinary incontinence (SUI) when used after injury. It investigated whether the cells themselves of factors secreted by the cells would be responsible for any measurable recovery. It found that the infusion of stem cell factors may have clinical application to facilitate neuroregeneration after vaginal delivery in women at risk for SUI.

Domestic, or household-level, open burning of plastic waste is a source of air pollutants and greenhouse gases that are often neglected in emission inventories. Domestic open burning is a considerable concern in Guatemala due to the lack of access to waste collection services, particularly in rural areas. This paper offers the first attempt to estimate emissions from the domestic open burning of waste at the city and departmental levels in Guatemala. Data were collected from the Xalapán region of Jalapa, Guatemala and analyzed to determine the change in plastic waste generation over time as well as the socioeconomic factors that may affect the extent of plastic waste generation and burning. The annual per capita masses of plastic waste burned were used to estimate emissions from domestic open burning of plastic waste in the region of Xalapán, the cities of Jutiapa and Guatemala city, and all 22 departments in Guatemala. Our results show that rural areas burn more waste domestically, likely because of a lack of access to waste collection, and 30.4% of OC, 24.0% of BC, 23.6% of PM 2.5 , and 2.4% of CO 2 emissions in Guatemala may not be accounted for by excluding open plastic burning as a source., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Targeted drug delivery to disease-associated activated neutrophils can provide novel therapeutic opportunities while avoiding systemic effects on immune functions. We created a nanomedicine platform that uniquely utilizes an α 1 -antitrypsin-derived peptide to confer binding specificity to neutrophil elastase on activated neutrophils. Surface decoration with this peptide enabled specific anchorage of nanoparticles to activated neutrophils and platelet-neutrophil aggregates, in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticle delivery of a model drug, hydroxychloroquine, demonstrated significant reduction of neutrophil activities in vitro and a therapeutic effect on murine venous thrombosis in vivo. This innovative approach of cell-specific and activation-state-specific targeting can be applied to several neutrophil-driven pathologies., (© 2022. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highly prevalent in illicit drug user populations, with three in four new HCV infections related to this risk behaviour and a growing HCV disease burden in Canada. Using data from a multi-site cohort study of illicit opioid users in five Canadian cities (OPICAN), this paper explores the prevalence and predictors of HCV status in this high-risk population., Methods: HCV status of cohort participants was assessed by salivary antibody test. Univariate relationships of HCV status with select variables were examined on the basis of cohort baseline data, and subsequently multivariate models using logistic regression to determine independent predictors of HCV status were generated., Results: 54.6% of the analysis sample (n=482) was HCV positive. Significant differences in terms of HCV prevalence existed across the sites. Significant variables in the final stepwise logistic regression model included age, site (Toronto), unprotected sex, injecting drug use, drug treatment and incarceration in past year, in addition to opioid use in combination with non-opioids., Discussion: Besides drug injecting, various other socio-behavioural factors were associated with HCV status in our cohort. On this basis, interventions focusing solely on injection risks are overly limited in scope to prevent HCV transmission in the high-risk population of illicit drug users and need to be broadened. Prevention efforts should also target young injectors as a priority.