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"The role of the body in architectural design (Cranz, Lepori, Franck) is dramatically llustrated in this case study of Corbusier. He undertook a special kind of listening therapy developed and executed by Dr. Alfred Tomatis of Paris. Before his "sonic opening" Corbusier's work was characteristically narrow, constrained, tight, orthogonal,. After his ear opened he designed Ronchamp, characterized as organic, open, asymmetric, flowing and dynamic. The Tomatis method is described in order to explain how this therapeutic intervention might have affected Corbusier's design process. Interviews with Dr. Tomatis describe his direct experience in treating Corbusier."

Since its national debut in 1987, Fresh Air with Terry Gross has been a highly acclaimed and much adored weekday magazine among public radio listeners. Each week, nearly 4.8 million people turn to Peabody Award-winning host Terry Gross for insightful conversations with the leading voices in contemporary arts and issues. The renowned program reaches a global audience, with over 620 public radio stations broadcasting Fresh Air, and 3 million podcast downloads each week. Fresh Air has broken the mold of 'talk show' by weaving together superior journalism and intimate storytelling from modern-day intellectuals, politicians and artists alike. Through probing questions and careful research, Gross's interviews are lauded for revealing a fresh perspective on cultural icons and trends. Her thorough conversations are often complemented by commentary from well-known contributors. Fresh Air is produced at WHYY-FM in Philadelphia and broadcast nationally by NPR., INT. 1: Journalists SHERRY SONTAG and CHRISTOPHER DREW. They are the authors of the new book, "Blind Man's Bluff: The Untold Story of American Submarine Espionage" (PublicAffairs). The two spent six years researching secret submarine missions like how the Navy sent submarines wired with self destruct charges into Soviet waters to tap crucial underwater telephone cables. SONTAG covered government and international affairs for the National Law Journal and has worked at the New York Times, and DREW is a special projects editor at the New York Times.INT. 2: GALEN CRANZ is a Professor of Architecture at the University of California at Berkeley. She's the author of the new book, "The Chair: Rethinking Culture, Body, and Design" (W.W. Norton)REV. : Rock historian ED WARD tells us about the great lost British band, the Soft Boys.

The papers presented in this symposium address the issue of public space appropriation in tcrnis of both the physical architecture of public places and the architecture of gender relations. Shampa and Sanjoy Mazumdar have studied India and Iran, societies where there are public spaces exclusive to each gender and a third accessed by both, being negotiated by women under certain conditions. Laurie Hart and Lefteri Pavlides examined access and utilization of public space in Greece. a society where gender segregation in public space has been replaced with gender integration over the last fifty years. Galen Cranz and Julia Robinson have investigated the utilization of public space in the USA where public space has been generally integrated from the inception of the culture. Use of public space can be seen as an agent of enculturation and socialization, either maintaining social roles and contributing to cultural continuity, or modulating change in social activities and becoming an instrument of cultural change. Physical continuity does not preclude social change as existing public spaces acquire new meanings through subtle or sudden shifts in behavioral changes. Conversely, social behavior and roles are maintained as construction of new public spaces is paralleled by the formation of perceptions which conserve existing social roles and relationships. However change often relies on a synergism between social and physical changes which initiate and reinforce each other. By researching how change or continuity in the architecture of public spaces are appropriated and used in relation to conservation or modifications of gender roles and actions in public places, each presentation sheds some light on the following questions: (*) How does occupying public places influence the conservation or transformation of gender roles? (*) How does the control of secular vs. sacred places vary by gender? (*) How do public spaces have served as arenas for maintaining or contesting the rela

The objective of this symposium is the presentation of the results of courses in which students are matched with architects in order to complete research on human aspects for the a design project currentely under design. We will share our experience in organizing and running architecture courses that provide environmental design research to practicing architects through student research. We will also discuss strategies for evaluating every aspect of such courses and solicit ideas for improving them and disseminating them to architecture schools. Areas we will explore and invite discussion, criticism, and ideas from the audience include: (1.) Who were the architects who participated in this pioneering program, what were reasons they participated, what were their expectations, and how were they recruited? (2.) What input did the participating architects have in formulating the research project and how was the research methodology designed? (3.) What were the lecture topics and readings in preparing students for the research and how did the students perform bibliographic search for their projects? (4.) How was the interaction between students and architects structured and how did it work? (5.) What were the building types researched by students, the range of findings, how were the findings presented to architects, and how did architects utilize the findings for designing? (6.) What were the educational benefits to students and what were the benefits for the architects? (7.) What is the potential of such courses to provide continuing education to architects as students bring ideas and literature from the University to practicing architects? (8.) How to evaluate the impact of student research on improving the built environment?

"For the last 150 years modern parks have been used as a compensation for the stress of living in cities. Environments devoted to production can be ugly and polluting, while those devoted to consumption, in contrast, are idealized landscapes like gardens and parks. In the ub park have had ' u dis inct e ressions: the pleasure ground (1850-1900), the fa i ity '1 930-1965), and the open space system (19651 1 in ark thinking introduced a more artistic vision of Up 1 0 r t S ic s efo m park "1 9 _' 930) . the recreation c rep . The er of he op n spa sy te j es ct t) - t c tse t e g e v ew ce s 0 g ect and consonant with that, sculptors and he y he ity i if b in i ed a an art other gallery artists began to do more work in the public realm. Landscape architects, sculptors and architects have formed an uneasy alliance around percent for art allocations in major public buildings. What has been missing but is on the horizon is the integration of ecology with these three other fields. I predict that the fifth model will express principles of sustainable development and mark a fundamental change in the old counterpoint between park and city. Sustainable development means providing for our present needs without imposing costs of the future. This paper describes the preliminary planning process for sustainable urban development of 23 acres of park and 8.3 million square feet of buildings on Manhattan's Upper West Side. The developer (Trump) offered the park to the City in exchange for the right to build at high density, continuing the traditional function of the park as a compensation for living in cities. Instead, as a member of the team assembled to critique the proposal, the author has proposed that the park be used as a partner in sustainable development. Thus, building which has traditionally been anathema to park theorists might be appropriate in a park if it helped the new buildings recycle their solid waste or sewage. This is a report on an in-progress evolution of a new