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This paper is an introduction to the main features of ALGOL 68, emphasizing the novel features not found in many other programming languages. The topics, data types (modes), type conversion (coercion), generalized expressions (units), procedures, operators, the standard prelude, and input/output, form the basis of the paper. The approach is informal, relying heavily on many short examples. The paper applies to the Revised Report, published in 1975, rather than to the original report, published in 1969. © 1976, ACM. All rights reserved.

Underspecification and coercion are two prominent interpretive mechanisms to account for meaning variability beyond compositionality. While there is plentiful evidence that natural language meaning constitution exploits both mechanisms, it is an open issue whether a concrete phenomenon of meaning variability is an instance of underspecification or coercion. This paper argues that this theoretical dispute can be settled experimentally. The test case are standard motion verbs (e.g. walk, ride) in combination with ±telic directional phrases, for which both underspecifaction and coercion analyses have been proposed in the literature. A self-paced reading study which incorporates motion verbs, directional phrases and durative/completive temporal adverbials (1) aims at determining the aspectual value of such verbs, and (2) compares the hypotheses of the Underspecification and Coercion Accounts. The results of the reading time experiment (flanked by a corpus study and a completion study) indicate that motion verbs are aspectually underspecified. They combine with ±telic directional phrases with equal ease. The combination with a mismatching temporal adverbial is an instance of coercion, causing additional processing costs.

A new categorical setting is defined in order to characterize the subrecursive classes belonging to complexity hierarchies. This is achieved by means of coercion functors over a symmetric monoidal category endowed with certain recursion schemes that imitate the bounded recursion scheme. This gives a categorical counterpart of generalized safe composition and safe recursion., Comment: Comments are welcome

In this paper the analysis of the data structures used in a symbolic computation system, called Kenzo, is undertaken. We deal with the specification of the inheritance relationship since Kenzo is an object-oriented system, written in CLOS, the Common Lisp Object System. We focus on a particular case, namely the relationship between simplicial sets and chain complexes, showing how the order-sorted algebraic specifications formalisms can be adapted, through the “inheritance as coercion” metaphor, in order to model this Kenzo fragment.

the rational choice approach to develop a theory of the organization of coercion in history. Recent works considering parallels and distinctions between biological and sociocultural evolution are reviewed here, along with those that produced the concept of bounded rationality. While modeling begins by generalization from historical materials, it is not the purpose of this chapter to produce a historical explanation of a chain of real events. Nor is it an essay in metatheory. The goal is to contribute to an abstract theory of societal change in the same sense that biological evolutionary theory accounts for change in species. The unit taken to be evolving is called the tribute system.

This paper' deals with an aspect of acculturation which has only recently received some attention in the literature.2 For the most part linguists have been concerned with historical and descriptive studies, and have generally ignored studies of languages in contact. Cultural anthropologists, on the other hand, have been content to investigate acculturation in its purely nonlinguistic manifestations. Studies of linguistic acculturation, however, can furnish valuable data and may shed considerable light on the general problem of acculturation. Whether language and nonlinguistic aspects of culture change differentially, or whether in every instance language complements and reflects nonlinguistic acculturation, is a crucial problem. In the present illustrations, linguistic acculturation seems to substantiate what has taken place in other aspects of the cultures of the groups under consideration, but this may not be the case everywhere. In line with a broader study of Spanish-Indian acculturation in the Southwest, this study attempts to elucidate the hypothesis that the contact situation, whether forced or permissive, tends to produce a situation which is correspondingly resistive or accepting of introduced cultural elements.' Two groups are examined to support the contention of this hypothesis: the Yaqui Indians of Sonora and Arizona, and the Tewa Indians of New Mexico. Historical materials and the research of anthropologists indicate that early Spaniards among the Yaqui used little coercion in the introduction of European and Catholic cultural patterns.4 According to ethnological accounts of the Yaqui, these Indians represent a group where Spanish and Indian cultural