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Anyone involved in legal proceedings will warn you that a long-drawn-out legal battle will drain your mental health. This study aimed to assess the psychological effects of being processed by the justice system. The sample consisted of 360 subjects, residents in Spain. Were administered a questionnaire on the experience of contact with the justice system, a temporal perspective inventory, locus of control, psychological reactance, coping strategies, health self-efficacy, and psychosomatic symptomology. Results revealed significant differences between plaintiffs and defendants, although it was also confirmed that both parties showed greater pessimism about the future. So, the former were more pessimistic about the future, used poor strategies for protecting their health, and had less empathy. In contrast, coincidentally in some variables, defendants had a more negative outlook on life, and in general more psychosomatic symptomology. The health of the group with the longest exposure to legal proceedings was the most deteriorated., (© 2020 The Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law.)

This research examines the relationship between dark triad and the use that some parents make of their children in order to attack the other parent after a couple break-up. We examined whether parents who are willing to lie about issues concerning the other parent and their children during a couple break-up process show higher levels of dark triad traits. Across two different samples of divorced participants ( N = 1085 and N = 249), we measured dark triad traits and willingness to engage in judicial manipulation. The objective of this study was to build a judicial manipulation scale to measure willingness to lie and use children to harm the other parent that could be used in professional practice. Results show significant correlations for judicial manipulation and dark triad traits and confirm the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of a proposed scale. We found that dark triad traits are adequate indicators of judicial manipulation. We discuss the importance of the scale to help the judicial system to determine which parent is the most appropriate to be designated as the legal custodial parent.

This work analyzes inter-parental revenge after a breakup process, as it relates to the dark triad of personality, moral disengagement, and sex role ideology. Our objective was to test a predictive model for revenge based on these variables. Additionally, a scale to measure revenge among parents was developed. A sample of 384 participants who had minor children, had broken up their relationship, and had undergone or were undergoing problematic judicial procedures regarding their children completed a survey. They answered to measures of the dark triad of personality (Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy); moral disengagement strategies; sex role ideology, and revenge. An instrument (the R scale), with adequate reliability and validity was developed to test revenge. Results show that revenge behaviors are perpetrated by 1 to 5% of participants. Revenge has three components: revenge through the child, revenge through economic manipulation, and revenge by cutting off communication. Results also show that for males, but not for females, sex role ideology mediates the relationship between the components of the dark triad, moral disengagement, and revenge. This paper aims at providing some insight for the protection of minors from manipulation by means of the Family Courts.

Background: It is essential to understand, characterize, and measure the embouchure mechanism of a wind instrumentalists, where the applied forces on the perioral tissues can usually promote discomfort or pain., Methods: The sample consisted of five clarinet players and five saxophone players. The embouchure force measurements at the lower lip area were assessed using a piezoresistive sensor (FlexiForce TM , Tekscan, Boston, USA, 0.07 kgf/cm 2 ) placed on the lower part of the mouthpiece of the single reed instrument. Furthermore, each participant performed three times three different notes at different pitches: high, medium, and low. An intraoral device was manufactured in order to dissipate the existing pressures., Results: The piezoresistive sensors applied to the mouthpiece of the five clarinetists presented values between 16 and 226 g of force. In the case of the five saxophonists, the values registered were between 5 and 320 g of force., Conclusions: Piezoresistive sensors are a valid option to characterize that single reed instrumentalists apply substantial forces at the lower lip that can be equivalent to medium orthodontic forces. The implementation of the Lip Pressure Appliance can be a valid solution on the prevention of eventual lesions resulting from the embouchure forces., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (©2019 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background/objective: Playing a wind instrument implies rhythmic jaw movements where the embouchure applies forces with different directions and intensities towards the orofacial structures. These features are relevant when comparing the differences between a clarinettist and a saxophone player embouchure, independently to the fact that both belong to the single-reed instrument group, making therefore necessary to update the actual classification., Methods: Lateral cephalograms were taken to single-reed, double-reed and brass instrumentalists with the purpose of analyzing the relationship of the mouthpiece and the orofacial structures., Results: The comparison of the different wind instruments showed substantial differences. Therefore the authors purpose a new classification of wind instruments: Class 1 single-reed mouthpiece, division 1- clarinet, division 2 -saxophone; Class 2 double-reed instruments, division 1- oboe, division 2- bassoon; Class 3 cup-shaped mouthpiece, division 1- trumpet and French horn, division 2- trombone and tuba; Class 4 aperture mouthpieces, division 1- flute, division 2 - transversal flute and piccolo., Conclusions: Elements such as dental arches, teeth and lips, assume vital importance at a new nomenclature and classification of woodwind instruments that were in the past mainly classified by the type of mouthpiece and not taking into consideration its relationship with their neighboring structures.

Objective: This pilot study investigated the morphological and functional aspects of an English horn player, who presented at a dental appointment with temporomandibular disorder (TMD), using the "combined acquisition method of image and signal technique" (CAMIST) in the diagnosis., Methods: Cephalometric analysis was obtained after carrying out three lateral cephalograms using a standardized radiographic technique. The first one was taken with the teeth in the normal occlusion and the lips relaxed, the second with the oboe embouchure, and the last was performed with the English horn. To understand the pressures involved during the embouchure and musical performance of the English horn and oboe, a system was developed using force sensors placed on the double-reed mouthpiece. Finally, infrared imaging was used to better understand the anatomy-physiology of specific structures of the cranio-cervico-mandibular complex., Results: Cephalometry of the musician showed more significant changes in the retrusion of the mandibular pogonion. The embouchure pressures measured during musical practice showed that the English horn induced a higher pressure on the lower lip than on the upper, while the inverse happened with the oboe. Thermography confirmed the painful site on the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and this was also observed in the muscle tenderness/discomfort on the right superficial masseter by the differential temperature of these areas., Conclusion: Techniques such as lateral teleradiography, infrared imaging, and force sensors can be useful screening tools with added value for the diagnosis of TMDs in performing artists.

There is a high prevalence of stress in the workplace among nursing personnel at elderly care-centers. The general impression is that these high stress levels are related to conflict within the workplace. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether personal factors (in particular personality and values), are related to burnout. For this reason we asked a sample of 42 nursing personnel from care-centers for the elderly to complete a self-administered questionnaire on conflict at work, stress at work, personality and motivational values for nursing professionals in elderly residences. Personality variables and motivational values were found to be significantly related to the appearance of stress in the workplace.

The authors examined the dimensionality and factorial structure of individualism and collectivism in Spanish participants (N = 526). A series of confirmatory factor analyses were performed on responses to the 32-item individualism-collectivism measure reported by T. M. Singelis, H. C. Triandis, D. S. Bhawuk, and M. Gelfand (1995). Consistent with earlier data, the best fitting model was multidimensional: a vertical versus a horizontal attribute crossed with individualism and collectivism dimensions. Whereas the overall fit of the data to a LISREL model was moderate, additional self-report data on respondents' interpersonal experiences supported the construct validity of the 4 factors. The authors suggest that the additional complexity is useful in explaining Spanish social behavior.