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Este estudo analisou os efeitos do ganho de peso gestacional e do aleitamento materno na retenção de peso pós-parto. Foram acompanhadas 2.607 mulheres da coorte de nascimento BRISA. As variáveis utilizadas foram idade, situação socioeconômica, paridade, índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional, ganho de peso gestacional, duração do aleitamento materno, tempo de acompanhamento após o parto e retenção de peso pós-parto. Foi utilizada modelagem de equações estruturais que permitiu avaliar os efeitos totais, diretos e indiretos das variáveis explicativas na retenção de peso pós-parto. Aumento de um desvio padrão do ganho de peso gestacional correspondeu a um aumento significativo de 0,49 desvio padrão da retenção de peso pós-parto (p < 0,001). Aumento de um desvio padrão da duração do aleitamento materno correspondeu à diminuição média de 0,10 desvio padrão da retenção de peso pós-parto (p < 0,001). Independente do índice de massa corporal pré-gestacional, o ganho de peso gestacional é fator de risco, e a duração do aleitamento materno é fator protetor para a retenção de peso pós-parto.

Few studies have used structural equation modeling to analyze the effects of variables on violence against women. The present study analyzed the effects of socioeconomic status and social support on violence against pregnant women who used prenatal services. This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the Brazilian Ribeirao Preto and Sao Luis birth cohort studies (BRISA). The sample of the municipality of Sao Luis (Maranhao/Brazil) consisted of 1,446 pregnant women interviewed in 2010 and 2011. In the proposed model, socioeconomic status was the most distal predictor, followed by social support that determined general violence, psychological violence or physical/sexual violence, which were analyzed as latent variables. Violence was measured by the World Health Organization Violence against Women (WHO VAW) instrument. The Sao Luis model was estimated using structural equation modeling and validated with 1,378 pregnant women from Ribeirao Preto (Sao Paulo/Brazil). The proposed model showed good fit for general, psychological and physical/sexual violence for the Sao Luis sample. Socioeconomic status had no effect on general or psychological violence (p>0.05), but pregnant women with lower socioeconomic status reported more episodes of physical/sexual violence (standardized coefficient, SC = -0.136; p = 0.021). This effect of socioeconomic status was indirect and mediated by low social support (SC = -0.075; p

This paper experimentally considers the use of non-structured (i.e., flexible) metal foams as a way to increase the amount of water vapor recovered from a humidified air stream. For that, a dedicated experimental setup consisting of three sub-systems (i.e., air pumping, air humidification, and air dehumidification) was developed. In the dehumidification section, different test sections (condensation structures) were installed and the amount of water recovered from the saturated air stream was recorded and correlated with each of them. Four main types of test sections were tested: (i) bare copper tube (used as base line), (ii) copper tube assisted by metal foam, (iii) finned tube and (iv) finned tube assisted by metal foam. Refrigerated fluid was circulated through copper tubes within a close loop and served as heat sink, allowing vapor phase change. The results show that the amount of water recovered increases with the surface area of the test section and with the temperature difference between the saturated air stream and the cooled surface. Also, it was shown that, above a certain quantity of metal foam within the test section, the amount of condensate produced is basically unaffected. Differently, the results indicate that the use of fins, which were properly brazed to the copper tubes, increases significantly the amount of water recovered from the saturated air stream.

This cross-sectional study attempts to investigate the effects of the Aprender em Parceria (A PAR) programme, an intervention in early childhood education and parenting support in the suburbs of Great Lisbon which aims to increase the educational achievement of disadvantaged children from birth to six-years-old. A quasi-experimental design was used in which children and their families participating in the intervention programme were compared to a comparison group of children who were not participating. The sample consisted of 103 children and their families in the first year (2008), 142 in the second year (2009) and 187 in the third year (2010). Results showed that families and children in the A PAR groups made significantly greater gains in the following areas: social support, pleasure in parenting activities, parent–child joint activities, capacity to interact with their children, able to observe their daily progress, recognise the most important moments of interaction. Children made significant...

Objective: To evaluate changes in oral health behavior and the use of dental health services during pregnancy. Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study nested in a prospective cohort of pregnant women in the city of Sao Luis, MA. A total of 262 women receiving prenatal care at the Mother-Infant University Hospital were interviewed, through a semi-structured questionnaire, regarding their use of dental services, type of dental treatment received, dietary habits, and oral hygiene before and during pregnancy. The Wilcoxon and McNemar tests (alpha=1%) were used to evaluate the differences in behavior before and during pregnancy. Results: Of the pregnant women evaluated, 33 women (12.6%) reported undergoing at least one dental consultation during their pregnancy. Of these women, 30 (11.4%) had at least one consultation during their first trimester, 10 (3.8%) during their second trimester, and 2 (0.8%) during their third trimester. Preventative and restorative treatments were the most common treatments. There were differences in the behaviors of women related to oral health before and during pregnancy. Subjects reported less frequent daily and post-meal tooth brushing and weekly dental floss and fluoridated mouthwash use during pregnancy compared to prepregnancy (p

Introduction: External compression plays a very important role in venous edema and lymphedema treatment, by promoting edema reduction [1]. External compression can be achieved by elastic bandages with different width and low stretch. In the maintenance phase, one layer bandage is applied during the day only [2]. Although compression therapy is important, inadequate compression in the topical area of the affected limb may deteriorate edema. It is also very important in achieving symptoms relieve and well-being [3]. A tool that can assess the comfort level is important for monitoring proper compression. The International Compression Club developed a Compression Questionnaire for that purpose [4]. The fact that it is not translated to the Portuguese language constitutes a limitation for the correct use of the tool by this population. It was our purpose to translate and adapt the ICC -Compression Questionnaire for the Portuguese culture. Materials and methods: It was used the method of translation/back translation sequential form. The 1st version analysis was made through the Delphi computerized process, by a 5 expert physiotherapists panel (3 female and 2 male), to achieve the linguistic and cultural equivalence. This study follows all the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki Results: The consensus and equivalence for both cultures was obtained after 4 rounds on the Delphi process. These results ensure the translation and adaptation for the portuguese culture. Discussion and conclusions: ICC-Compression Questionnaire has demonstrated its linguistic equivalence to ICC-Questionário de Compressão in both cultures as well as the face validity to be used in Portugal. However, it needs future studies to ascertain the remaining psychometric properties and complete the validation process, namely the translated questionnaire should be tested on a small (pilot) sample (about 30–50) of the meant respondents, which allows the investigators to make sure that the translated items have the same meaning as the original ones. After the translated questionnaire pass through this preliminary phase, one should conduct a pilot test for (re)validation in the new population.

Physiotherapy through sensorimotor stimuli accesses the Nervous System promoting neuromodulation [1]. Depending on the motor response of the individual, the physiotherapist selects which movements should be restricted and / or facilitated, in order to optimize motor recovery [2]. Thus, an integrative review of the state of the art on the effects of Physical Therapy on the neurosensor-motor modulation was structured. The facilitation and restriction of movement have the ability respectively to stimulate and inhibit neural circuits, modeling the brain pattern. After brain injury, it is usual to identify, on the hemiplegic side, absence and / or difficulty in movement preformance. However, it is important to identify the compensatory strategies present in the non hemiplegic side. Their presence suggests hyperactivity of the uninjured hemisphere associated with hyperactive motor behavior. This neurophysiological response compromises recovery. In this context, the use of less injured upper limb restriction may contribute to reduce levels of neural excitability and stimulate ipsilesional hemispheric activation, associated with more favorable outcomes. However, it is important primarily, to achieve brain function modulation, to promote biomechanical integrity, namely the position and orientation of body segments. In cerebral modulation we can consider some fundamental aspects: 1) the movement may be dependent on the dominant hemisphere (mostly on the upper limb); 2) automatic movements, with consolidated learning, are more likely to be reactivated; 3) interaction with the environment and 4) central nervous system afferences can be performed through the senses (smell, sight, hearing, touch and taste) [3]. Specificity in stimulus selection seems to be an essential factor for motor recovery and brain modulation.

Santa Rosa, capital of the young province of La Pampa, was founded in 1892 at the end of the military campaigns that annihilated the indigenous people and ensured republican control over the Patagonia region. In 1955, the city held a design competition for the construction of its Civic Center. This was not a current infill operation intended to renew the core of the city, since it was not just a matter of raising a new facade along one of the four sides of the main square. The task implied designing, almost from scratch, a new part of city. Competitors were supposed to organize new buildings and public spaces within an area of nine hectares standing between the existing city and the surrounding pampas. Clorindo Testa won the competition by proposing that it be built as a piece of a modern city. Situated in the middle of Argentinean pampas, the Santa Rosa Civic Center has been less extensively discussed than other of Testa’s great contemporary works, such as the London Bank (1959) and the National Library (1962), both in Buenos Aires, even in the South American context. The Government Building, the Bus Station and the covered central space were built before 1963. Testa finished the Legislature Building in 1976, and even though in 2006 he was able to conclude the little Legislature Library, half of the Civic Center area still remains as open space. Nevertheless, as a living piece of the never-completed modern project installed in the far south, La Pampa’s case seems to pose relevant urban questions. This paper explores the case from two complementary perspectives. One focuses on the results of the first competition, recognizing an original contribution to the relationship between modernity, monument, and place. The second discusses the unfinished condition of the Civic Center as constitutive to modern tradition in the very modern sense of the city as a never-completed work.

The present work describes indium-zinc oxide (IZO) sputtering depositions onto several types of papers, using radio-frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) sputtering with a ceramic IZO target. The electrical and optical properties of the resulting materials were optimized; by studying the argon and oxygen gas flow rates and the sputtering power effects. At optimal deposition conditions, thin films of IZO were achieved with a low sheet resistance (about 20 Ω/sq) and an optical transmittance of ca. 80% in the visible spectrum range. These materials retained these properties for more than 8 months. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) with several configurations were built with those conductive papers and life cycling and contrast were measured for the ECDs. These devices exhibited a very good color contrast (as defined using L * a * b * color coordinates, = 32) and electrochromic cyclability up to 30,000 redox cycles.

In this article, the thermal behavior of a cylindrical asphalt tank subjected to two different heating configurations: (i) large area serpentine heating and (ii) concentrated heating cartridges, was studied numerically and experimentally. The goal is to investigate the effect of these two heating configurations on the temperature distribution of the molten asphalt inside the tank, as well as to validate temperature-dependent thermal–physical properties of molten asphalt employed in the numerical simulations. For the experimental setup, a scaled tank having a volume of approximately 0.2 m3 was built, and filled with molten asphalt. The setup was fully instrumented and run at different heat dissipations rates for each of the heating configurations. The experimental results show that the temperature distribution within the tank depends on the heating method and on the heat dissipation level, as expected, however, both heating methods were able to prevent the solidification of the enclosed asphalt and so are feasible for actual application in storage tanks. As for the numerical work, two models representing both experimental heating configurations were also implemented. The numerical results obtained present a good agreement with the experimental measurements, suggesting that a strictly theoretical optimization of the heating mechanics in asphalt tanks can be used in future studies.

Currently, there are no studies in the literature evaluating salivary fluoride retention after small amounts of fluoride gel are applied to children's teeth. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare salivary retention after gel application using a toothbrush or by traditional application with trays. In this crossover study, children with active caries (n = 10) were randomized into one of the following treatment groups: a) application of fluoride gel using a tray (control), or b) application of fluoride gel with a toothbrush (treatment). After a 7-day washout period, the treatments were inverted. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and 0.5, 5, 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes after acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel application in order to analyze fluoride retention in saliva. The area under the curve (AUC) was also calculated. There were no differences in fluoride retention after application of small amounts of APF with a toothbrush compared to traditional gel application using trays at all time points studied, and no differences in AUC were observed (Student t-test, p > 0.05). These results suggest that application of fluoride gel in children using a toothbrush can be utilized as an option rather than traditional trays, since the same salivary retention of fluoride is obtained using a lower dose.

Contents This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of FSH (10, 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml) in supplemented MEM+ on the development of equine pre-antral follicles that were cultured in vitro for 2 or 6 days. The ovaries (n = 5) from mares in seasonal anoestrus were collected from a local abattoir. Ten ovarian tissue fragments of approximately 3 × 3 × 1 mm were obtained from each animal. The fragments were cultured in situ for 2 days (D2) or 6 days (D6) in MEM+ or MEM+ supplemented with FSH at four different concentrations, establishing the following 11 groups: control (D0); MEM + (D2); MEM + (D6); MEM + 10 ng/ml of FSH (D2); MEM + 10 ng/ml of FSH (D6); MEM + 50 ng/ml of FSH (D2); MEM + 50 ng/ml of FSH (D6); MEM + 100 ng/ml of FSH (D2); MEM + 100 ng/ml of FSH (D6); MEM + 200 ng/ml of FSH (D2); and MEM + 200 ng/ml of FSH (D6). Follicles were observed in only 9.65% (388 of 4,018) of the histological sections. Of the 861 follicles evaluated, 488 were in the primordial stage, and 373 were in various developmental stages; 59.7% were morphologically normal. Regarding the integrity of the pre-antral follicles, the groups with 100 ng/ml FSH of 2-days culture as well as 50, 100 and 200 ng/ml FSH of 6-days culture provided the best results. In conclusion, the in vitro culture of abattoir-derived equine ovarian fragments presented better morphological integrity when supplemented with FSH for 6 days, in comparison with the MEM culture group. However, no clear effects were observed with FSH regarding the promotion of activation from a primordial to a developing follicle.

© 2016 Association of Management, Spirituality & Religion. Love is a powerful human process that has attracted the attention of scholars within the cultural and scientific domains. Thus far, the majority of management scholars have tended to neglect love as a relevant topic of theorizing and research. Given the recent interest in the phenomenon in allied fields such as sociology and psychology, this is surprising. We create, inductively, an archetypical image of how managers make sense of the meaning of love as an organizational phenomenon by means of a sample of Christian managers. The findings indicate that such managers associate love with two core dimensions. First, they describe love as an expression of virtue. Second, they link love with a sense of community-ship. Organizational love can thus be theorized as the exercise of constructing virtuous, other-oriented human communities that transcend the productive functions of work and respond to important human needs, fulfilling normative performativity.

Os processos matrimoniais medievais constituem-se como um rico material para uma aproximação ao cotidiano medieval, por se tratar de um registro que envolve temas de grande riqueza, na perspectiva das relações humanas e da cultura do período. Referem-se aos conflitos que surgem das relações estabelecidas a partir do vínculo do matrimônio e os caminhos percorridos na dimensão jurídica. Estes processos são raros no contexto medieval, sendo a região da Catalunha uma das poucas exceções, com um importante corpus de processos dessa natureza, abertos no século XV. O conjunto processual inclui conflitos matrimoniais específicos do contexto medieval, como confirmações de promessas de matrimônio ou legitimações de matrimônios clandestinos, além dos processos de separação. Neste trabalho, trataremos da relação entre os litígios de separação e a política dos impedimentos matrimoniais, buscando uma aproximação aos resultados desta política.

Aim To investigate the effects of conventional and orthodontic pacifiers on the prevalence of malocclusion (MO) considering frequency, duration, and intensity of the sucking habit. Design Data were collected at three time-points: birth, T1; (12–24 months old), T2; (24–36 months old), T3 and were divided into three groups: control (GC; 110), without non-nutritive sucking habits; orthodontic pacifiers (GOrth; 55); conventional pacifiers (GConv; 55). A questionnaire was applied. Clinical examination was performed at T3. The groups were compared as to the prevalence and severity of anterior open bite (AOB), accentuated overjet, anterior crossbite, posterior crossbite (PCB). Results The use of pacifiers was associated with occurrence of MO compared to GC (P

This study analyzed the effects of gestational weight gain and breastfeeding on postpartum weight retention. The study followed 2,607 women from the BRISA cohort. The variables were age, socioeconomic status, parity, pre-gestational body mass index, gestational weight gain, duration of maternal breastfeeding, length of postpartum follow-up, and postpartum weight gain. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the total, direct, and indirect effects of the explanatory variables on postpartum weight retention. An increase of one standard deviation in gestational weight gain corresponded to a significant increase of 0.49 standard deviations in postpartum weight retention (p0.001). An increase of one standard deviation in duration of breastfeeding corresponded to mean decrease of 0.10 standard deviations in postpartum weight retention (p0.001). Independently of pre-gestational BMI, gestational weight gain is a risk factor and duration of breastfeeding is a protective factor against postpartum weight retention.

This study compared adolescents’ self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment with the normative need for such treatment and investigated associations between socioeconomic and demographic variables and self-perceptions of dental malocclusion. This cross-sectional study involved 1015 schoolchildren aged 12–15 years in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. The following data were collected using a questionnaire and an orthodontic examination card: demographic and identifying data, socioeconomic data, educational levels of family, household income, economic classification criteria, and self-reported skin color behavioral data, and oral health data. Normative occlusal condition was examined using the Angle classification and Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test (to analyze differences in the frequency distribuition of qualitative variables) and Poisson regression (to stimate associations between the perceived need of orthodontic treatment and study covariates), with a 5% significance level. Schoolchildren’s self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment was associated with sex (p = 0.022) and the normative need for treatment (p = 0.004). Among socioeconomic, demographic, and oral health variables, only sex [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.15; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.04–1.28; p = 0.009] and the normative need for orthodontic treatment (PR = 1.19; 95%CI = 1.08–1.32; p < 0.001) were associated with the perception of malocclusion, with female adolescents reporting a greater need for orthodontic treatment. Female adolescents seems to be more sensitive to oral health problems. The results suggest that the DAI score might reflect a self-perceived need for orthodontic treatment and the Angle classification might overestimate the orthodontic treatment need.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the change in the profile of the elderly in a long-stay institution in the city of Goiânia, from 2004 to 2014. METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study through analysis of records and files, from the Physical Education department. The variables were age, gender, mental and functional profiles and the use of a wheelchair. Statistical analysis were performed using Student's t-test, Fisher exact test, Kruskal-Wallis, with α = 0.05 significance. RESULTS: By comparing the change in the elderly profile from 2004 to 2014, it was observed that the number of residents changed from 66 to 64; the average age increased from 73.9 ± 11.3 to 81.3 ± 9.6 years (p = 0.0001). The mental profile of the elderly without disorder decreased from 18.2 to 3.1% (p = 0.009), increasing from 7.6 to 32.8% older people with depression (p = 0.0003), 37.9 to 54.7% with dementia (p = 0.055) and 21.2 to 26.6% with mental retardation (p = 0.47). As for the functional profile it was observed that 62.1% of the elderly were independent, decreasing to 45.3%; semi dependent 28.8 to 25.0% and totally dependent increased from 9.1 to 29.7% (p = 0.011). Regarding the use of wheelchairs it increased from 28.8 to 51.6% (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: There was a significant change in the profile of the elderly, with significant increase in age, mental disorders (depression) and the use of wheelchair, with significant loss of functional capacity. It is suggested a physical restructuring, human and material, specialized for long-term care facilities to suit new demands of seniors

The study of the structure and dynamics of cladoceran egg banks in SouthAmerica began only 15 years ago and the amount of knowledge, in addition to being scarce, is widely spread over partially national journals, theses, and books, and thus partially unavailable. We conducted a review of the literature published for this region, focusing mainly on the methodological approaches that have been applied and describe the main findings already published. The different methodological approaches make data comparability difficult. However, a total of 77 egg morphotypes were identified in the published studies. Among the variety of methods used, we suggest to adopt as the standard procedure: 1) pre isolation of eggs fromthe sediments by the “Sugar Flotation Method;'' 2) identification, enumeration, and sorting of egg morphotypes present in the sample; 3) individual hatching of each egg morphotype; 4) adult individual identification to the species level according to available keys; and 5) linking identified eggs to identified species’ adults.The absence of identification keys constitutesa challenge.Therefore, collaborative research with the aim of generating pictorial taxonomical support for Neotropical resting eggs are encouraged.Webelieve the adoption of the suggested protocol might facilitate this issue. An extremely low hatching success was reported for most studies and the factors triggering the break of dormancy in the resting eggs coming from permanent systems remain unknown. In conclusion, resting egg studies are a novel and promising field in South America, but with many challenges that need to be addressed.

Creativity and innovation became essential issues in the organizational environments, by revealing their importance to achieve the differential in dynamic markets. In this scenario, this article aims show how the relationship between creativity and product innovation is approached in scientific studies and suggest future research themes. Hence, a literature review was made using as a research source the “Periodicos Capes”, which after the filter, lead to the analysis of 40 papers published in the period 1990 to 2011. Examining the amount of publications per year, it was observed an increase in published articles of this thematic in the last five years, but despite this there is a gap in detailing the relationship between creativity and product innovation. As result, it this would propose that the creativity can be present in different ways in perspective to the innovation process: it’s conception, development or improvement, according to the integrative model proposed. This suggests that future research look into studies about the relationship between creativity and product innovation, applying research methods such as the action research, for example

Researches suggest that the chemical thinning with appropriate phytoregulators concentrations must be used for more than one year, in order to improve the quality of 'Ponkan' tangerines. Thus, the chemical thinning was applied for two years, in this study, in order to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of 'Ponkan' (Citrus reticulata Blanco) tangerines. The evaluation process was conducted in a twelve-year-old tangerine orchard, grafted on 'Rangpur' lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck), spaced 6.0 m among rows and 3.0 m among plants. The plants were sprayed with four Ethephon concentrations (200 mg L-1, 400 mg L-1, 600 mg L-1 and 800 mg L-1), after the period of physiological fruit drop, when fruits reached 25-30 mm in transversal diameter, in January 2009 and January 2010. Plants without spraying were used as control. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four blocks and four plants per plot. There was interaction between the Ethephon concentrations and years of thinning application for percentage of thinning, number of fruits, mass, transversal and longitudinal diameter, soluble solids contents, titritable acidity, ratio and total sugar. There was no effect of Ethephon concentrations for juice yield. The chemical thinning regularity with Ethephon application increased mass, transversal and longitudinal diameter, soluble solids and ratio of 'Ponkan' tangerines.

AIM: This study presents a scientometric analysis of studies on net cages in order to determine whether these studies are considering environmental issues or only seeking an increase in food production; METHODS: The survey of articles was accomplished using the Thomson Reuters Database (ISI Web of Knowledge), with "cage culture" and "net cage" as keywords. We selected 238 articles that were published between 1990 and 2009; RESULTS: There was a temporal increase in the number of articles published. These articles focused mainly on fish production and environmental impacts; CONCLUSION: The studies of net cages in fish farming mainly investigated fish production, although environmental issues relating to this recent human activity were also important. Policy makers should consider both sides of the coin (i.e., both the benefits and environmental impacts of fish production) in regulation of this activity.OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo apresentar uma análise cienciométrica sobre os estudos de tanques rede, a fim de responder se estes estudos estão considerando as questões ambientais ou, apenas, buscam um aumento na produção de alimentos; MÉTODOS: O levantamento dos artigos foi realizado na base Thomson Reuters (ISI Web of Knowledge), sendo utilizadas "cage culture" e "net cage" como palavras-chave. Foram selecionados 238 artigos durante o período de 1990 a 2009; RESULTADOS: Houve um incremento temporal no número de artigos publicados. Esses artigos enfocaram, principalmente, na produção pesqueira e impactos ambientais; CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos de tanques rede abordaram, principalmente, produção pesqueira, entretanto, as questões ambientais também foram importantes nesta recente atividade humana. Os decisores políticos devem considerar ambos os lados da moeda, ou seja, benefícios e impactos ambientais da produção pesqueira, antes de regular esta atividade.

AIM: This study presents length-weight regressions adjusted for the most representative microcrustacean species and young stages of copepods from tropical lakes, together with a comparison of these results with estimates from the literature for tropical and temperate regions; METHODS: Samples were taken from six isolated lakes, in summer and winter, using a motorized pump and plankton net. The dry weight of each size class (for cladocerans) or developmental stage (for copepods) was measured using an electronic microbalance; RESULTS: Adjusted regressions were significant. We observed a trend of under-estimating the weights of smaller species and overestimating those of larger species, when using regressions obtained from temperate regions; CONCLUSION: We must be cautious about using pooled regressions from the literature, preferring models of similar species, or weighing the organisms and building new models.OBJETIVO: Este estudo apresenta as regressões peso-comprimento elaboradas para as espécies mais representativas de microcrustáceos e formas jovens de copépodes em lagos tropicais, bem como a comparação desses resultados com as estimativas da literatura para as regiões tropical e temperada; MÉTODOS: As amostragens foram realizadas em seis lagoas isoladas, no verão e no inverno, usando moto-bomba e rede de plâncton. O peso seco de cada classe de tamanho (para cladóceros) e estágio de desenvolvimento (copépodes) foi medido em microbalança eletrônica; RESULTADOS: As regressões ajustadas foram significativas. Observamos uma tendência em subestimar o peso das espécies de menor porte e superestimar as espécies de maior porte, quando se utiliza regressões peso-comprimento obtidas para a região de clima temperado; CONCLUSÃO: Devemos ter cautela no uso de regressões peso-comprimento existentes na literatura, preferindo modelos para as mesmas espécies, ou pesar os organismos e construir os próprios modelos.

Tungsten oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel route using metallic tungsten as precursor, and were printed on a flexible electrode using inkjet printing in order to build solid-state electrochromic cells. Several spectroscopic techniques were used to characterize and compare tungsten oxide particles obtained from different origins. FTIR, Raman and X-ray diffraction spectroscopic measurements showed that the sol-gel synthesis described here produces nanoparticles mainly in an amorphous state with hexagonal crystalline domains and allowed the analysis of the hydration extent of those nanoparticles. The size was measured combining dynamic light scattering, sedimentation, and microscopic techniques (AFM), showing a consistent size of about 200 nm. The tungsten oxide nanoparticles were used to produce an ink formulation for application in inkjet printing. Solid-state electrochromic devices were assembled at room temperature, without sintering the tungsten oxide printed films, showing excellent contrast between on/off states. Electrochemical characterization of those films is described using cyclic voltammetry. The devices were then tested through spectroelectrochemistry by Visible/NIR absorption spectroscopy (400-2200 nm range), showing a dual spectroscopic response depending on the applied voltage. This phenomenon is attributed to the presence of two different crystalline states in accordance with results obtained from the spectroscopic characterization of the nanoparticles. The electrochromic cells had a good cycling stability showing high reversibility and a cyclability up to more than 50,000 cycles with a degradation of 25%.

The authors describe three cases of patients with bilateral keratoconus. The clinical evolution, tomographic features and the different therapeutic options selected in accordance with the evolution of the disease over the course of 10 years of follow-up are discussed. A periodic follow-up of patients with keratoconus allows planning the most appropriate therapy according to the evolutionary stage of the disease. How to cite this article Rodrigues FD, Santos GC, Gonçalves S, Ferreira CC, Salgado-Borges JM. Sequential Management of Keratoconus Treatment. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2012;1(3):201-204.

Background Nowadays, ICRS are a step in the treatment of keratoconus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the refractive effect and the tomographic and biomechanical parameters in keratoconus patients implanted with Ferrara ICRS, and their stability after 18 months. Materials and methods Twenty eyes of 20 keratoconus patients implanted with ICRS were evaluated. The average follow-up was 18 months. UDVA, CDVA, biomicroscopy, tomography (Pentacam) and biomechanics (ORA) of the cornea were evaluated before and after surgery. For the comparison of groups, the Wilcoxon test was used. Results The mean UDVA improved from 1.00 to 0.30 and the mean CDVA improved from 0.51 to 0.12; both were statistically significant (p = 0.0001). The average keratometry decreased from 50.7D to 47.5D (p = 0.0003), and the average astigmatism decreased from 5.5D to 3.5D (p = 0.0058). The mean CCT did not change significantly after surgery, but the mean TPP increased from 441.2 to 455.2 µm (p = 0.004). There was a significant reduction in the anterior cornea elevation, both the central (from 16.2-8.8; p = 0.0066) and the minimum (from–43.2 to −57.1; p = 0.0228). No significant change was found for posterior corneal elevation and for biomechanical parameters (hysteresis or CRF). Discussion There was a significant improvement of UDVA and CDVA after ICRS implantation, in keratoconic eyes. There was a significant and stable corneal flattening, and a decrease of the astigmatism. Corneal biomechanic parameters did not change. How to cite this article Salgado-Borges JM, Costa-Ferreira C, Monteiro M, Guilherme-Monteiro J, Torquetti L, Ferrara P, Ambrósio R Jr. Refractive, Tomographic and Biomechanical Outcomes after Implantation of Ferrara ICRS in Keratoconus Patients. Int J Keratoco Ectatic Corneal Dis 2012;1(1):16-21.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biológica (área de especialização em Tecnologia Química e Alimentar), Ao longo dos tempos, tem-se verificado uma evolução nas técnicas de produção e nos controlos necessários para assegurar a produção de alimentos seguros. O cuidado aplicado na higienização das superfícies de trabalho e na higiene pessoal dos operadores, revelou-se essencial para manter o bem-estar quer dos operadores da unidade alimentar quer do consumidor final. Por isso, surgiu a necessidade de empregar métodos para verificar o cumprimento e a eficácia do plano de higienização da fábrica, de modo a que as superfícies que contactam diretamente com os produtos alimentares não constituam um risco para a segurança dos produtos. O presente trabalho, realizado na CSM Iberia, em Santo Tirso, teve como objetivo principal a verificação e a validação dos procedimentos de higienização aplicados através do método rápido que se baseia na deteção de ATP por bioluminescência. Associados a este objetivo, também avaliou-se os produtos de higienização de acordo com o tipo de sujidade e de microrganismos que se pretende controlar e a qualidade da água utilizada na dissolução dos mesmos. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que os procedimentos descritos no plano de higienização atual são eficazes. Em relação à avaliação da higienização das mãos, o método rápido (deteção de ATP) não se mostrou ser o mais apropriado, uma vez que as mãos possuem uma flora caraterística que pode levar a uma má interpretação dos resultados. Outro objetivo adicional deste trabalho está relacionado com a implementação da metodologia 5S. Esta proporcionou um ambiente organizado e numa melhor disposição dos utensílios e equipamentos o que permite o fácil acesso e a redução do tempo de procura dos mesmos., Throughout time, there has been an evolution in production techniques and the necessary checks to ensure the production of safe food. The applied care in the hygiene of the surfaces as well as the personal hygiene of the employees was proven to be essential to maintain the well-being of both operators and final consumer. Therefore, the necessity of employing methods to verify the fulfilment and efficiency of plant sanitation plan emerged, in order to guarantee that the surfaces that interact directly with the food products do not pose a risk to the safety of the products. This work, conducted at CSM Iberia in Santo Tirso, had as main purpose the verification and validation of the sanitation procedures applied by the rapid method which is based on ATP bioluminescence detection. In line with this goal, the sanitation products were also evaluated according to the type of dirt and microorganisms to be controlled and the quality of the water used in the dissolution of these. The results obtained revealed that the procedures described in the current sanitation plan are efficient. Regarding the evaluation of the hands hygiene, the rapid method (ATP detection) did not prove to be the most appropriate, since the hands present a characteristic flora that can lead to a bad interpretation of the results. An additional purpose of this work is related with the implementation of the 5S methodology. It provided an organized environment and a better arrangement of the utensils and equipment allowing easy access and reduced search time thereof.

RESUMO: Estudos vêm mostrando uma possível associação das doenças bucais no período gestacional com o nascimento pré-termo (NPT) e o baixo peso ao nascer (BPN). Esses desfechos perinatais parecem se associar com defeitos de desenvolvimento do esmalte (DDE) na dentição decídua, que, por sua vez, parecem predispor ao desenvolvimento futuro de lesões de cárie nas crianças. Assim, é relevante a inclusão de variáveis de saúde bucal do binômio mãe/filho nos estudos de coorte para a compreensão de como esses fatores se associam. Os objetivos deste estudo são: 1) verificar se existe associação entre doenças da cavidade bucal da gestante e o NPT; 2) testar a hipótese de associação entre desfechos perinatais e defeitos de esmalte/cárie dentária nas crianças; 3) analisar se existem associações entre desfechos perinatais e distúrbios de erupção dentária nas crianças; 4) construir modelos teóricos para estudo das iniquidades sociais como fator comum entre os desfechos perinatais e condições bucais. Utilizou-se abordagem integrada e colaborativa entre duas cidades brasileiras com condições socioeconômicas contrastantes: São Luís, MA; e Ribeirão Preto, SP - estudo BRISA (Brazilian Birth Cohort Studies, Ribeirão Preto-São Luís ). Duas coortes foram avaliadas: uma iniciada ao nascimento, representativa da população de nascidos vivos; e outra iniciada no pré-natal. Os participantes foram reavaliados a partir do início do segundo ano de vida. Espera-se que estas coortes contribuam para fomentar o desenvolvimento e consolidação de pesquisas de seguimento, de base populacional, no Brasil. ABSTRACT: Studies have shown a possible association of oral diseases during pregnancy with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). These perinatal outcomes appear to be associated with enamel defects in the primary dentition, which, in turn, seem to predispose to future development of caries in children. Therefore it is relevant to include oral health variables of the mother/child dyad in cohort studies to understand how these factors are associated. The objectives of this study are: 1) check if there is an association between diseases of the oral cavity of pregnant women and PTB, 2) test the hypothesis of association between perinatal outcomes and enamel defects/dental caries in children, 3) examine whether there are associations between perinatal outcomes and disorders of tooth eruption in children; 4) build theoretical models to study social inequities as a common factor between oral conditions and perinatal outcomes. We used an integrated, collaborative approach between two Brazilian cities with contrasting socioeconomic conditions: Sao Luis , MA, and Ribeirão Preto, SP - British Birth Cohort Studies study (BRISA Ribeirão Preto, São Luís). Two cohorts were evaluated: one initiated at birth, representative of the population of live births, and another, initiated prenatally. Participants were reassessed from the beginning of the second year of life. It is expected that these cohorts will contribute to foster the development and consolidation of population-based follow-up studies in Brazil.

The hydrological condition of floodplain systems alters the structure and dynamic of aquatic communities. We suggest that the structure of zooplankton community changes according to the flood phases and connectivity. This study was carried out in a floodplain lake located in the Northern Pantanal (Brazil). Zooplankton density varied considerably over time, although the sampling stations presented similar densities. The densities ranged from 2,000 ind. M-3 in the high water phase to more than 2,300,000 ind. M-3 during the low water phase when the lake remains isolated. The densities of the groups also presented a temporal variation. Rotifers described the community mainly in the low water phase and microcrustaceans during the high water phase. Variations in the total zooplankton and groups densities were significantly correlated to the PCA 1 axis (negatively composed by water depth and positively by turbidity) and to the food availability (phytoplankton).The hydrological condition of floodplain systems alters the structure and dynamic of aquatic communities. We suggest that the structure of zooplankton community changes according to the flood phases and connectivity. This study was carried out in a floodplain lake located in the Northern Pantanal (Brazil). Zooplankton density varied considerably over time, although the sampling stations presented similar densities. The densities ranged from 2,000 ind. M-3 in the high water phase to more than 2,300,000 ind. M-3 during the low water phase when the lake remains isolated. The densities of the groups also presented a temporal variation. Rotifers described the community mainly in the low water phase and microcrustaceans during the high water phase. Variations in the total zooplankton and groups densities were significantly correlated to the PCA 1 axis (negatively composed by water depth and positively by turbidity) and to the food availability (phytoplankton).

The hydrological condition of floodplain systems alters the structure and dynamic of aquatic communities. We suggest that the structure of zooplankton community changes according to the flood phases and connectivity. This study was carried out in a floodplain lake located in the Northern Pantanal (Brazil). Zooplankton density varied considerably over time, although the sampling stations presented similar densities. The densities ranged from 2,000 ind. m-3 in the high water phase to more than 2,300,000 ind. m-3 during the low water phase when the lake remains isolated. The densities of the groups also presented a temporal variation. Rotifers described the community mainly in the low water phase and microcrustaceans during the high water phase. Variations in the total zooplankton and groups densities were significantly correlated to the PCA 1 axis (negatively composed by water depth and positively by turbidity) and to the food availability (phytoplankton).A condição hidrológica de sistemas inundáveis altera a estrutura e a dinâmica das comunidades aquáticas. Com isso, sugerimos que a estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica se altera de acordo com as fases da inundação e conectividade. Este estudo foi realizado em uma lagoa de inundação da parte norte do Pantanal (Brasil). A densidade zooplanctônica variou consideravelmente ao longo do tempo, embora asestações amostrais apresentarem densidades similares. As densidades variaram de 2.000 ind. m-3 na fase de águas altas para mais de 2.300.000 ind. m-3 durante a fase de águas baixas quando a lagoa esteve isolada. As densidades dos grupos também apresentaram variação temporal. Os rotíferos foram relativamente mais importantes durante as águas baixas e os microcrustáceos durante a fase de águas altas. Variações na densidade do zooplâncton e grupos foram significativamente correlacionados com o eixo 1 da PCA (composta negativamente pela profundidade da água e positivamente com a turbidez) e a disponibilidade alimentar (fitoplâncton).

This paper reports the application of a polymethacrylate hydroxyethylene resin based electrolyte in electrochromic (EC) devices. The electrolyte is characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, visible spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, and DRX and tested as an ionic conductor in an EC device with the following configuration: Substrate/IZO/WO3/Polymer Electrolyte/(CeO2)TiO2/IZO/Substrate. The electrolyte presents an ionic conductivity of 10−7 S/cm at room temperature and TGA analysis show that electrolyte is thermally degraded at 200°C. The EC device based on this polymethacrylate hydroxyethylene resin electrolyte system shows memory effect and exhibits an excellent optical density. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The relationship between clinical characteristics of carious dentin and bacterial colonization after partial caries removal is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to compare microbial counts between categories of carious dentin color, consistency and humidity, and to evaluate the correlation between these characteristics and the presence of cariogenic microorganisms in deep cavities (2/3 or more of the dentin thickness) submitted to partial caries removal. Sixteen primary teeth were submitted to the removal of all carious tissue from the lateral walls of the cavity, whereas carious tissue of the pulp wall was removed superficially. Dentin in the pulp wall was classified according to color, consistency and humidity immediately after cavity preparation and 3–6 months after cavity sealing and a tissue sample was collected on the same occasion for microbiological evaluation. Before sealing, Streptococcus mutans (p = 0.033) and Lactobacillus spp. (p = 0.048) counts were higher in cavities with humid dentin compared to cavities with dry dentin. A negative correlation was observed between carious dentin consistency and S. mutans count during this phase (rs = –0.571; p = 0.020). Arrest of dentinal caries lesions was observed after sealing, which was characterized by a reduction of bacterial counts and changes in dentin color, consistency and humidity, irrespectively of baseline dentin characteristics. The clinical characteristics of carious dentin change after the period of cavity sealing and cannot be applied as absolute indicators to limit the excavation of carious dentin when minimally invasive techniques are used.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de flúor na água de abastecimento público da Ilha de São Luís (MA). Aplicou-se uma amostragem estratificada, considerando-se as estações de tratamento de água (06) e os bairros abastecidos (46). A análise dos teores de flúor na água foi feita através de um eletrodo específico. A concentração nas amostras variou de 0,05 a 0,84 ppm de flúor. Apenas uma estação de tratamento (Italuís) apresentou-se dentro do limite aceitável de fluoretação. A fluoretação da água de abastecimento público na Ilha de São Luís necessita de ajustes para se obter prevenção da cárie, evidenciando a importância de um controle externo para avaliação dos teores de flúor.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fluoride levels in public water supply in São Luís island, Maranhão State, Brazil, during the month of October of 2006. A stratification sampling was applied, considering the water treatment station (06) and the different districts (46). For fluoride analysis it was used a specific ion electrode. The fluoride concentration varied for 0.05 to 0.84 ppm. Only one water treatment station (Italuís) presented an ideal concentration of fluoride. It was concluded that the fluoride levels need adjustments, evidencing that it is essential an external control for monitoring of those levels in public water supply of São Luis.

Breastfeeding plays an important role in child health. However, there are doubts about its influence on malocclusions. Systematic reviews have yielded contradictory results. Research aim: This study aimed to investigate whether the type and duration of breastfeeding are associated with malocclusions in primary teething.The review strategy included several electronic databases, lists of references, reviews, dissertation and thesis websites, experts, and other relevant documents. Published and unpublished observational studies ( N = 42) were reviewed using the Participants (children), Interventions (breastfeeding), Comparisons (bottle feeding), Outcomes (malocclusion), and Study design (observational) strategy, without restrictions on language or locale. Information about the authors, publication year, country of study, setting, study design, sample size, age, type and duration of exclusive and mixed breastfeeding, and malocclusions was recorded by two blinded evaluators. Quantitative meta-analysis ( N = 30) of the studies with available data was performed.Breastfeeding was a protective factor against malocclusions. The odds of association increased with breastfeeding duration. Irrespective of duration, breastfeeding had a protective association with open bite. For those who were breastfed for up to 6 months, breastfeeding protected against overjet, open bite, posterior crossbite, and crowding. Breastfeeding for 12 months or longer was associated with lower odds of overjet, open bite, and posterior crossbite. Breastfeeding exclusively for 6 months was also a protective factor against malocclusions. However, studies on this subject presented low quality, statistical heterogeneity, and only unadjusted measures of association in most of the cases.Breastfeeding beneficially affects primary occlusion when practiced for at least 6 months.

A gelatin-based electrolyte has been developed and characterized by impedance spectroscopy and thermal analysis. These electrolytes are promising materials to be applied in electrochromic devices because gelatine is a material available in nature, it is cheap, easy to handle and to prepare. In this study the characterization of a solid-state electrochromic device based on gelatin is reported and results obtained suggest that this electrolyte is very attractive for electrochemical device applications. Gelatin-based electrolytes were successfully used in the assembly of prototype electrochromic devices (ECDs) and exhibited good optical density. The ECD display incorporating gelatine I and gelatine II samples presented in the visible region an average transmittance above 68% in the bleached state. After coloration the structure assembled with gelatine I composition presented an average transmittance in the visible wavelength region above 21% and 36% for gelatin II.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a relação entre os diferentes índices de maturação óssea das vértebras cervicais e os estágios de calcificação dentária, bem como verificar as diferenças existentes entre os gêneros, em uma amostra de indivíduos de 10 a 14 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de telerradiografias laterais e radiografias panorâmicas de 464 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, classificadas de acordo com os índices de maturação das vértebras cervicais descritos por Hassel e Farman (1995) e os estágios de calcificação descritos por Nolla (1960). RESULTADOS: os resultados obtidos mostraram correlação entre as variáveis estudadas (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: confirmando dados da literatura, observou-se uma precocidade, tanto nos índices de maturação das vértebras cervicais quanto nos estágios de calcificação dentária para o gênero feminino em relação ao gênero masculino.AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the different cervical vertebrae maturation indicators and the dental calcification stages, as well as to verify the existent differences among gender, in a sample of subjects with 10 to 14 years-old. METHODS: The sample consisted of lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 464 subjects of both gender, classified in agreement with the cervical vertebrae maturation indicators described by Hassel and Farman (1995) and the calcification stages described by Nolla (1960). RESULTS: The obtained results showed correlation among the studied variables (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Confirming data from the literature, a precocity was observed as much in the cervical vertebrae maturation indicators, as in the dental calcification stages for the females in relation to the males.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a relação entre os diferentes índices de maturação óssea das vértebras cervicais e os estágios de calcificação dentária, bem como verificar as diferenças existentes entre os gêneros, em uma amostra de indivíduos de 10 a 14 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de telerradiografias laterais e radiografias panorâmicas de 464 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, classificadas de acordo com os índices de maturação das vértebras cervicais descritos por Hassel e Farman (1995) e os estágios de calcificação descritos por Nolla (1960). RESULTADOS: os resultados obtidos mostraram correlação entre as variáveis estudadas (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: confirmando dados da literatura, observou-se uma precocidade, tanto nos índices de maturação das vértebras cervicais quanto nos estágios de calcificação dentária para o gênero feminino em relação ao gênero masculino. AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the different cervical vertebrae maturation indicators and the dental calcification stages, as well as to verify the existent differences among gender, in a sample of subjects with 10 to 14 years-old. METHODS: The sample consisted of lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs of 464 subjects of both gender, classified in agreement with the cervical vertebrae maturation indicators described by Hassel and Farman (1995) and the calcification stages described by Nolla (1960). RESULTS: The obtained results showed correlation among the studied variables (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONS: Confirming data from the literature, a precocity was observed as much in the cervical vertebrae maturation indicators, as in the dental calcification stages for the females in relation to the males.

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de aspergilose broncopulmonar alérgica (ABPA) em pacientes com fibrose cística acompanhados em um centro de referência da Bahia. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com coleta prospectiva de dados, realizado no Centro de Referência de Fibrose Cística da Bahia do Hospital Especializado Octavio Mangabeira. Foram incluídos no estudo 74 pacientes que tinham diagnóstico de fibrose cística, com idade acima de 6 anos e tratados entre 9 de dezembro de 2003 e 7 de março de 2005. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis: gênero, idade, capacidade vital forçada, volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo, resposta a prova farmacodinâmica, achados em radiografia torácica e de seios de face, presença de sibilância, culturas para Aspergillus spp., imunoglobulina E (IgE) total, IgE específica para Aspergillus fumigatus e teste cutâneo de leitura imediata para aspergilina. RESULTADOS: Dos 74 pacientes, 2 foram diagnosticados com ABPA. Níveis de IgE total > 1.000 UI/mL foram observados em 17 pacientes (23%), teste cutâneo de leitura imediata para A. fumigatus positivos em 19 (25,7%) e sibilância em 60 (81,1%). CONCLUSÕES: A taxa de prevalência de ABPA foi de 2,7%. As altas taxas de IgE total, de teste cutâneo imediato para A. fumigatus positivos e de sibilância sugerem que estes pacientes devam ser acompanhados cuidadosamente por haver a possibilidade do desenvolvimento de ABPA.

Objetivo: Esse estudo avaliou o fluxo salivar estimulado em crianças e adolescentes e testou sua associação com as variáveis clínicas idade e condição dentária. Metodologia: A amostra foi constituída de 100 crianças e adolescentes, que estavam em tratamento nas Clínicas do Curso de Odontologia da UFMA no período de agosto de 2006 até julho de 2007, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: G1 (6-12 anos) e G2 (13-19 anos). Foram coletados dados referentes ao gênero, idade e condição dentária (índice de CPO-D). As amostras de saliva total foram obtidas através do método de coleta de saliva estimulada mecanicamente pela mastigação de um pedaço de látex por 5min e expectorada a cada 1min. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de correlação de Pearson, ao nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa no fluxo salivar de acordo com o gênero, idade ou grupos etários. No entanto, houve uma correlação negativa significativa entre a condição dentária e o fluxo salivar de crianças e adolescentes. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que houve associação entre condição dentária satisfatória e maior fluxo salivar nesta amostra de crianças e adolescentes