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Copyright of Lessing Yearbook is the property of Wallstein Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Arquitectura (1657-0308) is the property of Universidad Catolica de Columbia, Facultad de Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Musei Brukenthal is the property of Brukenthal National Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lituanistica is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How can we study the making of a medieval juridical space? Which were the agents that affected more? We try to answer to these questions thanks to a postdictive approach. We applied the QGIS algorithms to model the potential political space. We used several agents to get different outcomes. We tried both environmental and human agents to avoid the more deterministic side of this approach. We focused on the plain of Lucca in Northern Tuscany to study the making and development of its bishopric. Then we turned to the southern side of this region to study the district of a castle already excavated and whose territory is known quite well: Selvena. In this last example, we applied a regressive procedure, starting from the 19th century communities boundaries and making hypotheses about the relationship with medieval districts. This procedure can be applied to any context where a certain amount of data is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Castles have long been subjects of immense popularity. However, in terms of research focus, the lens has been on politics and the military, often reflecting a traditionally male-centric and hierarchical perspective on castles. This study introduces an ongoing project that delves into the everyday life within medieval castles located in the historic region of the Tyrol (encompassing Tyrol/South Tyrol/Trentino) by working on castle inventories. Central to our interdisciplinary inquiry are questions such as: How did people go about cataloguing and describing all the objects found in a castle? How did they inspect spaces, and which spaces were not included? Who was involved in these processes and how were the vast arrays of both large and small equipment items captured in words? Previously, inventories were primarily consulted to identify specific, usually high-value, pieces of artwork. Our approach, however, reinterprets inventories as historical texts that tell stories with their detailed listings of objects and spaces. For the castles within the historic bounds of Tyrol, there exists a substantial number of these inventories from as early as the 14th to the 16th century. Our project aims to analyze 130 such inventories, using digital methods to extract insights regarding spaces, their equipment as well as on the people who interacted with them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karabük Türkoloji Dergisi is the property of Karabuk University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Liño: Revista Annual de Historia del Arte is the property of Universidad de Oviedo, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A metal object found on the surface at the 'Atlit Castle was identified as a book fitting. Although such mounts could have served other functions, such as inlays, belt or girdle mounts, this artifact was probably an anchor-plate, part of a book clasp for a medieval codex, possibly of religious content, bound in a leather cover. Visual testing inspection and SEMEDS analysis of the book fitting have shown that the item was made of a heterogeneous composition of copper alloy. This book fitting joins a growing corpus of metal artifacts from the Latin East, establishing a metallurgical database for future comparative analysis of book fittings and similar artifacts. The identification of the item as a book fitting, and its plausible dating as a piece of medieval book furniture, supports its origin in the Frankish occupation of the site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Virtual Archaeology Review is the property of Virtual Archaeology Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Next location prediction is helpful for service recommendation, public safety, intelligent transportation, and other location-based applications. Existing location prediction methods usually use sparse check-in trajectories and require massive historical data to capture complex spatial-temporal correlations. High spatial-temporal resolution trajectories have rich information. However, obtaining personal trajectories with long time series and high spatio-temporal resolution usually proves challenging. Herein, this paper proposes a two-stage Context-Aware Spatial-Temporal Location Embedding (CASTLE) model, a multi-modal pre-training model for sequence-to- sequence prediction tasks. The method is built in two steps. First, large-scale location datasets, which are sparse but easier to be acquired (i.e., check-in and anomalous navigation data), are used for pre-training location embedding to capture the multi-functional properties under different contexts. After that, the learned contextual embedding is used for downstream location prediction in small-scale but higher spatio-temporal resolution trajectory datasets. Specifically, the CASTLE model combines Bidirectional and Auto-Regressive Transformers to generate contextual embedding vectors rather than a fixed vector for each location. Furthermore, we introduce a location and time-aware encoder to reflect the spatial distances between locations and visit times. Experiments are conducted on two real trajectory datasets. The results show that the CASTLE model can pre-train beneficial location embedding and outperforms the model without pre-training by 4.6–7.1%. The proposed method is expected to improve the next location prediction accuracy without massive historical data, which will greatly drive the use of trajectory data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on integrated medieval concepts with current ideas in engineering design and computational thinking. Topics discussed include key design features of castles such as a short section of fortified wall, defensive tower, barbicans, and the fortified gatehouse, engineering design in the key science and engineering practices and misconception about computational thinking.

Biredjick is an ancient city located on the east bank of the Euphrates River. This city has a geo-strategic importance since ancient times. Due to its location, Biredjick has hosted many civilizations and states since ancient times. The political struggles between the Romans and the Persians on Biredjick in the First Age A.D. continued between the Byzantines and the Sassanids in the Middle Ages. Biredjick came under the rule of Islam during the reign of Hz. Omar. Subsequently, this city, which came under the rule of the Umayyads, passed into the hands of the Abbasids after the destruction of the Umayyads. After the Abbasid domination, Biredjick came under the rule of the Great Seljuks. Following the Seljuks, Biredjick was annexed to the lands of the Crusader County of Urfa. Biredjick, which was subsequently captured by the Mardin Artuqids, was again captured by the Muslim Turks on this occasion. The Artuqids, who ruled this place with the castle management, later handed over this place to the Zangids. Biredjick, which later came under the rule of the Ayyubids, subsequently came under the rule of the Mamluks. This city became the northern gate of the mentioned state. Biredjick, which was under the rule of the Mamluks, was frequently subjected to the pressure of the Mongols in the Mamluk-Ilkhanid struggle. The effort of the Mongols to dominate here caused heavy destruction in the city. In this study, the political history of the city of Biredjick in the Middle Ages, its geographical and strategic location, its importance in history and the existence of material values in the city are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late Byzantine period, the region of Epirus was beset by successive military conflicts as Byzantines, Italians, Albanians, Serbs, and Ottomans claimed their own share of its territory. Minor lordships became the dominant type of political entity from the fourteenth century onward and were heavily dependent on a "sophisticated" system of fortifications, consisting of larger and smaller fortresses, castles, forts, and towers. These fortifications were of vital significance for the control of strategic points of interest. But the lack of manpower remained a significant problem; this meant that during serious conflicts, the standing forces were bolstered by civilians or mercenaries. This article describes the conduct of warfare in relation to the fortifications and the defensive structure of Epirus in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Moreover, it examines available information on manpower (captains, crossbowmen, archers, soldiers, etc.) drawn from the sources, which are scarce, fragmentary, and incomplete. Thus, this piece of information allows us to shed light only on the castle of Riniasa on the northwestern coast of Epirus. Its study may offer a clearer image of other similar castles in the region and their role in medieval warfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much scholarly attention has been devoted to heritage crime at ancient and historical sites over the last thirty years, in Wales the recognition of such activities as discrete historical episodes that are, in their way, just as worthy of the historian's attention as events from the distant past has until recently been lacking. Using the native Welsh masonry castles of north Wales as an example, this article asserts that the activities of graffitists, metal detectorists, and thieves, which hitherto have drawn the attention only of conservators, have valuable things to tell the historian about shifting patterns of use and the way in which the castles signified to successive generations of local people and visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bastion castle ensemble is a complex structure that belongs to defensive residences, which usually include the historic gardens and play an important role in the formation of the townscape. The two main structural components of such built complexes are palatial body and bastion fortifications. However, some bigger ensembles can also include other functional buildings. Due to the nature of the structure, namely the presence of defensive elements, which followed military development, many bastion castles underwent huge transformations. They were built and rebuilt because of the outdated design or destruction by the enemy. That is why studying such ensembles only from a historical perspective or analyzing only their fortification part is not enough to understand the whole complex, which is much more than a single-type building. In contrast, this paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach to studying bastion castles on the example of a bastion castle in Zheshov (Poland). Specifically, this paper uses a combined strategy that includes interpretative–historical and qualitative-computational strategies as a systematic and comprehensive approach to the research. This strategy consists of seven points of analysis: historical transformations, composition, situation, landscape, fortifications, typomorphology, and space syntax. This work represents a methodological framework that can be used for the analysis of any bastion castle ensemble in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors present the law protection of cultural monuments in the Slovak Republic and the outputs of an interesting case study, more specifically the creation of a 3D model with real textures of Hricov Castle, which was created in 2019 with additional improvements done in 2022. Ruins of Hricov Castle are located in the village of Hricovske Podhradie, 15 km from Zilina. For model creation, devices obtained within the project of the Broker centre of air transport for the transfers of technology and knowledge into transport and transport infrastructure was used. The 3D model of Hricov Castle created by team leader Tomas Cesnek currently presents one of the most realistic Slovak digital 3D models created by laser scanning technology. This model will be a part of the permanent exhibition of Hricov Castle in the historical toll building from 1556 in Dolny Hricov, Slovakia, the reconstruction of which is ensured by the members The Association of Friends of Hricov Castle. Model creation methodology and the use of special textures should be used to produce more realistic laser scan 3D models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to explore an alternative approach to the interpretation of paradoxal evidence by comparing finds and contexts. It is based upon the theorems of garbology, developed by the archaeologist William Rathje (1945-2012) in the Tucson Garbage Project. While Rathje used archaeological methods for research in garbage reflecting modern consumerism, this paper takes the opposite approach, applying the theorems of garbology to late medieval garbage practices. A case study focusing on Boringholm Castle (lifespan between 1369 and the early 15th century) discusses the paradox of finding artefacts reflecting an outstanding elite culture in a modest environment that resembles a farmstead rather than a late medieval castle. The range of finds at Boringholm is very broad, demonstrating that this was the household of a parvenu who tried to imitate a courtly lifestyle.

This paper presents a historical and archaeological overview of the castles and other fortifications built and occupied by the Order of the Hospital of St John in the Kingdom of Jerusalem between 1136, when the order acquired the castle of Bayt Jibrīn, and the final Mamluk siege of Acre in 1291, during which it defended a section of the city walls. Topics discussed include the order’s contribution to the defence of towns and cities in which they were not the sole or even the major property owner, as well as their own construction and possession of a range of other fortifications from major castles to lesser structures, including towers and maisons fortes. In each case, equal attention is paid to the buildings themselves and to the administrative system of bailiffs and castellans through which they were managed and operated. As the military situation became ever more precarious during the 13th century, the order also took over and briefly held three major castles, whose owners were unable to defend them: Ascalon between 1241 and 1247, Mount Tabor between 1255 and 1263, and Arsūf between 1261 and 1265.

The article discusses two projects related to cultural heritage. The first project, called Litus, is an interactive totem that allows visitors to share and enhance their photos of historic places. Visitors can download an application from the totem and take photos, which are then shared with other visitors. The second project is a virtual reality application called "Castello Manfredonico VR," which allows users to explore the Manfredonico Castle in Sicily. The application uses 3D reconstruction technology to create an accurate digital representation of the castle. Additionally, the article briefly mentions the Haltadefinizione database, which contains high-resolution digital images of artworks by Pietro Perugino. [Extracted from the article]

A unique historical architecture was created at Shuri Castle (Shuri-jo) in the Ryukyu Islands by its "Kawara" roof tiles. After the 13th and 14th centuries, Kawara tiles were introduced to the Ryukyu Islands from several regions, including China, Korea, and mainland Japan, and evolved shapes and patterns that are unique to this island region. However, the transition of some internal features, such as the chemical components and microstructure, had not been analyzed. This study used a multi-faceted approach for such internal data and non-destructive quantitative methods to propose a new perspective on the evolution of historical Ryukyuan Kawara. We analyzed two styles of Ryukyuan Kawara from the 13th to 15th centuries and found that the material processing and firing conditions of the two styles were very similar, even though it had been suggested that they had different origins. A quantitative analysis of tiles from the 16th to 19th centuries revealed a transition in color tone to red, leading to the modern traditional Ryukyuan tiles; traces of changes in firing conditions were also found along with this transition. Finally, the study revealed that the evolution of Ryukyuan Kawara consisted of changed factors, e.g. surface color, and unchanged factors, e.g. paste density. Previous archaeological studies mainly focused on changing external characteristics, such as form and pattern; however, our analysis showed that the internal features changed, while the elemental composition and paste density remained constant from the appearance of the roof tiles until the 19th century. We propose that this is related to different responses of individual factors to external stressors, such as the social context, which may be common to other archaeological artifacts as well. Our study provides a new perspective on the evolution of Ryukyuan Kawara and presents a different discussion of and methods for the chronological study of material culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crucial step in the evolution of Euarthropoda (chelicerates, myriapods, pancrustaceans) was the transition between fossil groups that possessed frontal appendages innervated by the first segment of the brain (protocerebrum), and living groups with a protocerebral labrum and paired appendages innervated by the second brain segment (deutocerebrum). Appendage homologies between the groups are controversial. Here we describe two specimens of opabiniid-like euarthropods, each bearing an anterior proboscis (a fused protocerebral appendage), from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota, Wales, UK. Phylogenetic analyses support a paraphyletic grade of stem-group euarthropods with fused protocerebral appendages and a posterior-facing mouth, as in the iconic Cambrian panarthropod Opabinia. These results suggest that the labrum may have reduced from an already-fused proboscis, rather than a pair of arthropodized appendages. If some shared features between the Castle Bank specimens and radiodonts are considered convergent rather than homologous, phylogenetic analyses retrieve them as opabiniids, substantially extending the geographic and temporal range of Opabiniidae. Here, the authors describe two opabiniid-like euarthropods with anterior proboscises from the Middle Ordovician Castle Bank Biota, Wales, UK. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that these specimens may be sister to radiodonts and deuteropods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research is to examine the transformation of the chronotope phenomenon, which was conceptualized by Mikhail Bakhtin in the narrative of the novel, in his adaptation studies. The story with different discourses; Bakhtin's concept of chronotope and the change of time-space determinism were taken into account in the adaptation from the theatre text to the manga comic. It was concluded that the chronotope in William Shakespeare's play Hamlet is not the same as the chronotope in Manga Shakespeare: Hamlet. At the same time, its structural features in the manga narrative were also examined. In the comparison of two works of art, the time/space chronotope is deconstructed and reconstructed. When the adaptation and the original work are compared, time turns into a chronotope. For example, the letter that exists in William Shakespeare's Hamlet turns into a chip representing the cyber world in the manga adaptation. At the same time, the guards standing guard in front of the doors of Elsinore Castle, which represents the Renaissance period, are replaced by technological finger-reading devices. When the form of the narrative transforms from a theater play to a manga narrative; Syringe replaces poison, one of the time chronotopes. When all these examples were examined, it was determined that chronotopes were transformed in William Shakespeare's adaptation of the play Hamlet to Manga Shakespeare: Hamlet comics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All forms of leadership are currently undergoing change, as digitalization, democratization, and increased transparency have led to a shift in social values and a realignment of influence disassociated from power. Power is shifting in the world; old leadership models are clashing with new leadership models. The article presents an analysis of the role of the conductor using the new power compass framework to discuss the drivers of change in the future of ensemble and orchestral direction and their programming to support diversity and inclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical monuments as cultural heritage are a prominent source of sociocultural values and have semantic values for city residents. Determining the importance level of the historical monuments for the residents will cause the right decisions to be taken in the strategic policy-making process related to recognizing and conserving them. This study aimed to provide empirical evidence of the semantic value of cultural heritage in the urban design project and policy-making process. Since cultural heritage is non-market Product, the Hedonic Pricing Model was used to determine its semantic values in the study. The study determined the semantic value of Ankara Castle and Anıtkabir in Ankara, with the help of the Hedonic Pricing Model, over the prices of houses located in a radius of 1200 meters of these monuments. A total of 364 houses around Ankara Castle and 496 houses around Anıtkabir were examined. As a result, as the houses get closer to the Ankara Castle, their prices increase by 5% per 100 meters, and the house prices rise by 3% per 100 meters as the house gets closer to the Anıtkabir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of History Studies (13094688) is the property of History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "The Miraculous World of Amelius - A Garden Gnome as a (Koreikian) Lieu de Mémoire in the Context of DaF/DaZ" deals with the history and significance of the garden gnome in Germany. The garden gnome has a long tradition and was brought to German castle gardens by European nobility in the 19th century. Over time, the garden gnome has undergone a transformation and has become a literary and cinematic figure. The article also examines the question of whether the garden gnome can serve as a lieu de mémoire. It is emphasized that the garden gnome polarizes and provokes, but has also been instrumentalized for various purposes. [Extracted from the article]

In the following article, we examine the constructive evolution of the castle of San Francisco in Santiago de Cuba during the 16th and 18th centuries. From the consultation and location of primary documentation, we will analyze the failed structuring of an interior defensive belt for the southeastern town as part of the Hispanic imperial policy to protect the city against external threats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The creative process in art and science involves two phases—generating and exploring new and wild ideas (building castles in the sky) and then narrowing down and focusing on the most tractable and useful ones (building houses of cards that don't topple over). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiocarbon dating of charcoals and small pieces of wood collected from mortar in the torso of bergfried and buttress of the medieval Pyšolec castle was performed using accelerator mass spectrometers. Altogether, 37 samples were collected, of which 33 samples passed pre-processing criteria and chemical treatment and were dated. Two of them were Palaeolithic charcoals of likely sedimentary origin, one wood sample corresponded to a younger intrusion, six represented 'old wood' likely aged about 200 years when built in, and 24 originated from 'young wood' presumably not older than 50 years at the time of building. This highlights the need to collect large enough sample set when dating architectural remains using charcoals or wood splinters. As a rule of thumb, collecting at least 10 samples is recommended; otherwise, the dating might not be feasible at all or may yield unrealistically old estimates, by as much as 200 years for medieval castles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is an analysis of methods of securing historic walls in objects in the form of so-called permanent ruins. The research group consists of the brick Gothic castles of Mazovia in Ciechanów, Czersk, Liw and Sochaczew. Based on the analysis of documentation and our research, the effectiveness of the solutions applied in 4 different technological variants was evaluated. The state of preservation of the introduced solutions after several years of work was also assessed. The entire study was summarised in a table and conclusions were drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The castle in Ciechanow is classified as a Gothic castle of the lowland type. The building, which is an example of defensive architecture, is located to the north of the historic urban layout of Ciechanow city centre. At present, the castle is covered by the following forms of protection: protection for the Natural and Landscape Complex "Łydynia River Valley", provisions of the Local Spatial Development Plan and an entry in the Register of Historic Monuments. The authors of the paper analyse the legal regulations concerning the castle and their impact on the contemporary castle's exposition in the landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectus is the property of Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wroclawskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Investigating deserted medieval castles and villages in remote rural areas paired with a scarcity of meaningful written sources is a challenging task that can be significantly enhanced by the use of non-invasive archaeological prospection methods. Furthermore, the interpolation of stratigraphic relationships among maps by analysing paths and field boundaries, as performed by Klaus Schwarz in the 1980s, can also contribute significantly. Thus, in order to resolve numerous unanswered questions, a multidisciplinary approach is required. In this paper we present preliminary archaeological prospection data using magnetics and airborne laser scanning (ALS) as well as methodological considerations on the systematic analysis of historical maps on the site of Dernberg, a medieval motte-and-bailey castle with an adjoining deserted village. The magnetic data and corresponding aerial images, although not providing decisive information on internal structures, show several historical roads that allow for the localisation of the village at the foot of the castle hill, as well as other pathways and defensive structures. Data derived from laser scanning surveys carried out by uncrewed aerial vehicles, respectively, drone flights allow for a significant gain in information compared to publicly available ALS data. In a methodological discussion on the systematic analysis of historical maps, the site of Dernberg is used to illustrate not only how such an analysis can determine chronological sequences with respect to the pattern of former agricultural field systems and road networks, but that these assumptions can be confirmed in part by geophysical surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Italo Calvino's Castle of Crossed Destinies is unique among his later novels for failing to uphold the rules and constraints that he was increasingly fond of imposing on his works of fiction. To explain the novel's structural failure, this essay puts aside the framework for analysis which is commonly adopted, a structuralist reading rooted in Saussure's linguistics and Propp's narratology, and suggests a framework stemming from the comics that Calvino would have read in newspapers as a child. An unlikely source of inspiration, these comics actually tell us a great deal about the novel, about its origin, its tone, and its unraveling, as well as help us pinpoint the problem in a clash of interpretative strategies, between one that treats images as changeable and another that treats them as stable points in a narrative continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Attribution of dolostones and mortars to various construction phase of Riga Castle. • Mercury intrusion porosimetry data and petrographic image analysis allowed for distinction of dolostones from various construction periods. • Quantitative microstructural data (grain size characteristics) are useful for distinction of mortars from various construction periods. A combination of quantitative microscopy (petrographic image analysis) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (pore space textural analysis) allowed for a clear distinction of natural stone and mortar samples from two separate construction periods of the Riga Castle (Latvia) in the 13th and 14th c. For the task of the separation of construction phases, pore space textural characteristics seem to be superior over qualitative (descriptive) characteristics of the rock fabrics of natural building stone – dolostone, whilst quantitative microstructural data (grain size characteristics) are more useful than pore space textural characterisation of mortars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the transformation of its main character within the filmic discourse, given that metamorphosis is one of the prominent themes in Miyazaki's filmography, and of particular relevance in Howl's Moving Castle (Hauru no ugoku shiro, Hayao Miyazaki, 2004). Sophie's physical age fluctuates throughout the film to reflect her psychological state and her view of the world, her self-esteem, and the way she wants to represent herself. The way in which her appearance oscillates means that the protagonist is not really one age, but several at the same time, giving rise to a truly innovative vision of the character that influences the whole film, and which allows us to explore how a woman's physical appearance can become a symbol to break away from the dominant androcentric narrative model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In international conservation documents, adaptation is considered an important conservation process for culturally important places. It is especially important when the cultural context changes, as is the case with medieval castles, many of which were altered or built for military and domestic use in the Middle Ages. Medieval castles which are no longer used for their initial functions, are mostly non-functional today, and non-functional buildings often disintegrate into nature and disappear in time. Therefore, maintaining their relevance and cultural significance depends on appropriate adaptation strategies. When adapting a historic building, it is essential to design for the current use and needs, referring to conservation principles. It is also important to blend cultural heritage consciousness with creativity, and this can be achieved by balancing conservation and design practices. Therefore, in addition to design parameters, characteristics of the existing building should be meticulously analysed, and design concepts should be predicated on sustaining the existing values and meanings while adding contemporary ones. It is the purpose of this research to discuss and contribute to the theory of adaptation regarding medieval castle conversions by analysing three related case studies from Northern Italy. The findings lead to the proposal of a diagram, the focus of which is on the conceptual parameters of the multi-dimensional theory of adaptive (re)use, to be used for the design process of historic buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heritage sector, and more specifically the growing list of buildings at risk across the UK, presents wide-ranging changes to owners, heritage bodies, potential funders, consultants and specialist advisers and contractors. When protected buildings and heritage assets reach an advanced state of decay the challenges escalate, and as solutions are sought the problems also escalate, with costs spiralling. Remedial works' costs and budgets are often difficult to quantify, which in turn creates challenges for both funding and procurement, where cost certainty and low risk is desired. The solution requires clear thinking and objectives that are achievable. In many cases 'grand aspirations' fail to get off the ground, becoming too wide-ranging in their aims. With heritage at risk, the extent of unknown works is often extensive and difficult to fully quantify until works are in progress. This never sits comfortably with funders and can be the vicious circle of unknown work, unknown cost, that prevents projects starting. Effective experienced project teams are not engaged sufficiently early to contribute to the strategies. The need for realistic practical options that can be implemented efficiently and promptly requires collaboration from a wide range of sources. Bringing together clients, funders, consultants, contractors and statutory heritage bodies in a spirit of collaboration and common objectives is at the heart of a successful project; this enables works and cost control to be effectively managed, and most importantly allows works to start and the cycle of decay and decline to be halted. This case study shows how a committed local council secured funding and assembled a team of advisers, consultants and contractors to bring a significant heritage-at-risk asset back from the brink of collapse, demonstrating how trust in collaborative working exceeded all expectations and delivered additional stabilisation works within the available funding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study deals with a small sculpture of the Virgin Mary from a Chateau Chapple in Janovice u Rýmařova, now held in The Silesian Museum in Opava. This sculpture is a copy of the famous early renaissance statue of the Virgin Mary today kept in the Germanishes Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservar Património is the property of Associacao Profissional de Conservadores-Restauradores de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)