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The eleven essays in this special collection on 'Publicity and Privacy in Early Modern Europe' engage with the arguments of Michael McKeon's The Secret History of Domesticity: Public, Private and the Division of Knowledge (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2005) from the perspective of the making of early modern publics. The essays emerged out of the work of an interdisciplinary collaborative research project entitled 'Making Publics: Media, Markets and Association in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1700' (MaPs). They demonstrate that the history of publicity and the history of privacy must be considered together, and as part of the continuing relationship of lived experience and the imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional helium-3 (³He) provides a simple model for the experimental investigation of the emergence of quantum complexity in a strongly correlated Fermi system. We have observed two-dimensional, two-band heavy-fermion behavior in bilayer films of ³He atoms when adsorbed on the surface of graphite preplated by a solid bilayer of 4He. Thermodynamic measurements on this system showed that the relevant control parameter is the total density of the ³He film. The ³He bilayer system can be driven toward a quantum critical point at which the effective mass appears to diverge, interband coupling vanishes, and a local-moment state appears. It opens a new testing ground for theories of quantum criticality in heavy-fermion materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The B phase of superfluid 3He is a three-dimensional time-reversal invariant topological superfluid, predicted to support gapless Majorana surface states. We confine superfluid 3He into a thin nanofluidic slab geometry. In the presence of a weak symmetry-breaking magnetic field, we have observed two possible states of the confined 3He-S phase manifold, through the small tipping angle NMR response. Large tipping angle nonlinear NMR has allowed the identification of the order parameter of these states and enabled a measurement of the surface-induced gap distortion. The results for two different quasiparticle surface scattering boundary conditions are compared with the predictions of weak-coupling quasiclassical theory. We identify a textural domain wall between the two B phase states, the edge of which at the cavity surface is predicted to host gapless states, protected in the magnetic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We measured concentrations and stable carbon isotope compositions of carbon dioxide in the atmospheres of three caves in central Texas and one cave in southern Arizona in order to identify CO2 sources and sinks. The vegetation above the caves studied is either savannah (two caves, above which vegetation has been minimally disturbed) or discrete patches of grassland and woodland (two caves, above which vegetation has been highly disturbed). We tested two hypotheses concerning CO2 in the cave atmospheres: (1) cave ventilation by tropospheric air is the primary sink for CO2 and (2) CO2 is primarily derived from the deepest rooting plants growing above the caves. Within caves, we monitored CO2 at individual locations on monthly and daily time-scales and measured CO2 along transects with increasing distance from the cave entrances. We also measured CO2 in the pore spaces of soils under grasses and trees above each of the caves. We calculated δ 13C values of respired CO2 (δ 13Cr) for all gas samples using measured δ 13C values and CO2 concentrations. We then identified the sources of cave CO2 by comparing cave-air and soil CO2 δ 13Cr values. At all locations in each Texas cave, CO2 concentrations were highest (lowest) and δ 13C values were lowest (highest) during the summer (winter). Cave-air CO2 concentrations consistently increased and δ 13C values consistently decreased with distance from the cave entrances. Similar but smaller magnitude seasonal variations in CO2 concentrations occurred in the Arizona cave and no seasonal or spatial variation in the δ 13C of cave-air CO2 was observed. The mean δ 13Cr values of CO2 in soils under grass were 3.5–4.5‰ higher than the δ 13Cr values of CO2 in soils under trees. In the caves under savannah, mean δ 13Cr values of cave-air CO2 (−24‰ in both caves) were within 1‰ of the mean δ 13Cr values of CO2 in soils under trees. In caves covered by large, contiguous areas of grassland, the δ 13Cr values of cave-air CO2 were similar to grassland soil values during the summer and were intermediate between grassland and woodland soil values during the winter. The observed spatial and temporal variations in cave-air CO2 are consistent with density-driven ventilation controlled by seasonal surface temperature changes as the primary sink for CO2 in the Texas caves. The consistent agreement between soil and cave δ 13Cr values indicate that the same mixing and diffusion equations that are used to calculate δ 13Cr values of soil CO2 also apply to cave-air CO2. Our results suggest that the majority of CO2 advects or diffuses into these caves from soils as a gas rather than being transported in aqueous solution. Measured δ 13Cr values and numerical production-diffusion modeling supports our hypothesis that the majority of gaseous CO2 in these caves is derived from deeply rooted vegetation. The carbon isotope composition of groundwater and speleothem calcite used for paleoclimate records are therefore likely biased toward deeply rooted plants, even if sparsely present. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In superfluid ³He-B confined in a slab geometry, domain walls between regions of different order parameter orientation are predicted to be energetically stable. Formation of the spatially modulated superfluid stripe phase has been proposed. We confined ³He in a 1.1 μm high microfluidic cavity and cooled it into the B phase at low pressure, where the stripe phase is predicted. We measured the surface-induced order parameter distortion with NMR, sensitive to the formation of domains. The results rule out the stripe phase, but are consistent with 2D modulated superfluid order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]