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302. Oriented Poly(dialkylstannane)s

Author

Choffat, Fabien, primary, Fornera, Sara, additional, Smith, Paul, additional, Caseri, Walter R., additional, Breiby, Dag W., additional, Andreasen, Jens W., additional, and Nielsen, Martin M., additional

Published
2008
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306. High-performance organic field-effect transistors, textured by self-assembly

Author

Takashi Minakata, Ali Rouhanipour, Masahiko Ando, Don Cho, Wojciech Pisula, Hoi N. Tsao, Martin Nielsen, Dag W. Breiby, Claudia M. Duffy, Klaus Müllen, Jens Wenzel Andreasen, and Henning Sirringhaus

Subjects
Materials science, Structural Biology, business.industry, Optoelectronics, Field-effect transistor, Self-assembly, business
Published
2009

308. Monitoring moisture distribution in textile materials using grating interferometry and ptychographic X-ray imaging.

Author

Esmaeili, Morteza, Fløystad, Jostein B, Hipp, Alexander, Willner, Marian, Bech, Martin, Diaz, Ana, Røyset, Arne, Andreasen, Jens W, Pfeiffer, Franz, and Breiby, Dag W

Subjects
TEXTILES, MOISTURE, X-ray imaging, TOMOGRAPHY, INTERFEROMETRY, HUMIDITY research
Abstract

Employing two recently developed X-ray imaging techniques, we investigated methods for observing moisture at different length scales in organic fibers and textiles. Using the coherent diffractive imaging technique of ptychographic tomography, structural features in a single coated wool fiber in both dry and humid conditions were observed at about 200 nm resolution. The reconstructed three-dimensional images yield quantitative information about the spatial density distribution in the fiber, showing that the fiber swells laterally by 8–9% in humid conditions. We further explore the applicability of grating interferometry, also known as Talbot imaging, for studying humidity transport in woven cotton, with a resolution on the order of 100 µm and a field of view of a few square centimeters. Grating interferometry inherently gives access to three complementary imaging modalities, namely absorption-, phase- and dark-field contrast, and we demonstrate that all of them are valuable and provide complementary information for the purpose of monitoring moisture in textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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309. Multicomponent semiconducting polymer systems with low crystallization-induced percolation threshold

Author

Goffri, Shalom, primary, Müller, Christian, additional, Stingelin-Stutzmann, Natalie, additional, Breiby, Dag W., additional, Radano, Christopher P., additional, Andreasen, Jens W., additional, Thompson, Richard, additional, Janssen, René A. J., additional, Nielsen, Martin M., additional, Smith, Paul, additional, and Sirringhaus, Henning, additional

Published
2006
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311. Designing solution-processable air-stable liquid crystalline crosslinkable semiconductors

Author

McCulloch, Iain, primary, Bailey, Clare, additional, Genevicius, Kristijonas, additional, Heeney, Martin, additional, Shkunov, Maxim, additional, Sparrowe, David, additional, Tierney, Steven, additional, Zhang, Weimin, additional, Baldwin, Rodney, additional, Kreouzis, Theo, additional, Andreasen, Jens W, additional, Breiby, Dag W, additional, and Nielsen, Martin M, additional

Published
2006
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314. Field-Effect Transistors Based on Self-Organized Molecular Nanostripes

Author

Cavallini, Massimiliano, primary, Stoliar, Pablo, additional, Moulin, Jean-François, additional, Surin, Mathieu, additional, Leclère, Philippe, additional, Lazzaroni, Roberto, additional, Breiby, Dag Werner, additional, Andreasen, Jens Wenzel, additional, Nielsen, Martin M., additional, Sonar, Prashant, additional, Grimsdale, Andrew C., additional, Müllen, Klaus, additional, and Biscarini, Fabio, additional

Published
2005
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319. Structure of Zone-Cast HBC−C12H25 Films

Author

Breiby, Dag W., primary, Bunk, Oliver, additional, Pisula, Wojciech, additional, Sølling, Theis I., additional, Tracz, Adam, additional, Pakula, Tadeusz, additional, Müllen, Klaus, additional, and Nielsen, Martin M., additional

Published
2005
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323. Optimization and Parallelization of Ptychography Reconstruction Code.

Author

Falch, Thomas L., Fløystad, Jostein B., Breiby, Dag W., and Elster, Anne C.

Subjects
MICROSCOPICAL technique, PYTHON programming language, C (Computer program language), X-ray research, SCATTERING (Mathematics)
Abstract

Ptychography is a promising new microscopy technique based on numerical reconstruction of coherent scattering patterns. The reconstruction of the real space image from the experimentally obtained scattering patterns requires substantial computational effort. In this paper we describe how to optimize and parallelize a ptychography reconstruction program that is using the difference map algorithm. Starting with a Python version, we translate it to C, and adapt it to take advantage of modern multi-core processors. The code is parallelized and optimized using thread-pools and SIMD instructions, as well as array merging, expression rewriting and loop unrolling. On a modern 4-core processor with simultaneous multithreading, we are able to achieve a speedup by a factor 14.2 over the initial Python version, and 6.5 over the initial, serial C version. This is a significant result, essentially turning the analysis of the X-ray microscopy results into an interactive rather than offline job. This paper provides several useful hints for users optimizing and parallelizing other kinds of scientific code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

332. Wafer-Level Fabrication and Characterization of Amorphous Thin Films MoS2 Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering Technique

Author

Gustavsen, Kim R, Nygard, Ken A, Honerod, Preben, Du, Kang, Liu, Guohua, Tayyib, Muhammad, Breiby, Dag W, Weibye, Kristian, Nilsen, Ola, Aasmundeveit, Knut E, and Wang, Kaiying

Abstract

In this paper, we present a study of wafer-level process for deposition of amorphous thin film MoS2 by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique. Thin film deposition was performed in argon atmosphere with pressure around 10-2 to 10-4 Torr, RF power between 100-250 W and temperature from room temperature up to 250degC. X-ray diffraction indicates that the thin films are amorphous. Deposition rate and sulphur concentration showed a clear dependence on variation in RF power. Surface roughness increase as temperature was increased from room temperature up to 250degC. Photocurrent increases about 20% under white light illumination. The thin films are continuous with low roughness which might make it a potential candidate for wafer-scale production for advanced electronics or sensor applications.

Published
2016

333. In situ X-ray ptychography imaging of high-temperature CO2 acceptor particle agglomerates.

Author

Høydalsvik, Kristin, Fløystad, Jostein Bø, Tiejun Zhao, Esmaeili, Morteza, Diaz, Ana, Andreasen, Jens W., Mathiesen, Ragnvald H., Rønning, Magnus, and Breiby, Dag W.

Subjects
AGGLOMERATES (Chemistry), NANOPARTICLES, CARBON dioxide, TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, X-rays, ATMOSPHERIC pressure
Abstract

Imaging nanoparticles under relevant reaction conditions of high temperature and gas pressure is difficult because conventional imaging techniques, like transmission electron microscopy, cannot be used. Here we demonstrate that the coherent diffractive imaging technique of X-ray ptychography can be used for in situ phase contrast imaging in structure studies at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures. Lithium zirconate, a candidate CO2 capture material, was studied at a pressure of one atmosphere in air and in CO2, at temperatures exceeding 600 °C. Images with a spatial resolution better than 200 nm were retrieved, and possibilities for improving the experiment are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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338. A polymer brush organic interlayer improves the overlying pentacene nanostructure and organic field-effect transistor performance.

Author

Song Hee Park, Hwa Sung Lee, Jong-Dae Kim, Dag W. Breiby, Eunhye Kim, Yeong Don Park, Du Yeol Ryu, Dong Ryeol Lee, and Jeong Ho Cho

Abstract

We investigated the crystalline nanostructures and film morphologies of pentacene films deposited onto a polymer brush organic interlayer in high performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Polymer brushes were grafted onto the oxide substrates by spin-coating and thermal annealing. Pentacene FETs fabricated on top of the polymer brushes showed excellent device performance, with a field-effect mobility of 0.82 cm2V−1s−1and an on/off current ratio of 107. These properties were superior to those of devices using typical surface modification techniques, such as octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). The improvements in OFET performance appeared to be due to the pentacene layer's crystalline nanostructure and grain interconnectivity, which formed during the submonolayer stage of film growth. This stage of growth is strongly correlated with the surface energy, morphology, and viscoelastic properties of the resulting gate dielectrics. The inclusion of a polymer brush dielectric surface modification is a significant step toward optimizing the nanostructures of organic semiconductors, which are directly linked to device performance enhancement, by engineering the interfaces in OFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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343. Structure of Zone-Cast HBC-C12H25 Films.

Author

Breiby, Dag W., Bunk, Oliver, Pisula, Wojciech, Sølling, Theis I., Tracz, Adam, Pakula, Tadeusz, Müllen, Klaus, and Nielsen, Martin M.

Subjects
*X-ray diffraction, *THIN films, *ORGANIC compounds, *MOLECULES, *CRYSTAL growth, *CRYSTAL grain boundaries, *RESEARCH
Abstract

The structure of a thin zone-cast film of the hexa-n-dodecyl-substituted hexa-peri-benzocoronene (HBC) has been investigated using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. A model with an orthorhombic unit cell containing two molecules accounts well for the observations. The molecules are arranged in a "herringbone" structure resembling the packing observed for unsubstituted HBC. The molecular disk planes are oriented perpendicularly to the substrate, rotated by approximately 39° about the film normal. The relatively tong side chains of dodecyl were found to be in an ordered interdigitated state. The aliphatic side chains and the aromatic HBC-cores segregate to form regular vertical domains spanning the film thickness. For in-plane rocking scans a discrete orientation distribution is observed with peaks at regular angle intervals. We interpret this as a grain boundary effect induced by alkyl chain stacking faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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344. Wide field-of-view Fourier Ptychography microscopy based on Fresnel propagation scheme

Author

Hasanzade, Mojde, Breiby, Dag Werner, and Akram, Muhammad Nadeem

Abstract

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a computational imaging method that gives a significantly increased space-bandwidth product, in practice high resolution combined with a wide field of view. In this article, we propose an improved Fourier Ptychography algorithm based on Fresnel wave propagation integral for wide field-of-view coherent imaging while correcting for the misalignment of the illuminating LED board and calibration of system parameters. In addition, the wave emanating from the LEDs is taken to be parabolic instead of plane wave as done by others. The advantage of this scheme is that it enables to simulate the transition regions between bright and dark field in wide image patches, and hence this feature can be used to estimate the LED misalignment as well as the distortion of the imaging lens. Experimental results are presented for a USAF resolution target and a biological sample for on-axis and off-axis image patches over a wide sample area showing excellent performance of this scheme when compared to the traditional Fraunhofer-model based Fourier Ptychography algorithm. The article summarizes with high technical detail our experiences with developing and implementing improved FPM methods and will hopefully assist other scientists entering this scientific field.

Published
2022
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345. Elucidating Batch-to-Batch Variation Caused by Homocoupled Side Products in Solution-Processable Organic Solar Cells

Author

David Beljonne, Vincent Lemaur, Ilaria Cardinaletti, Dag W. Breiby, Bruno Van Mele, Johannes Benduhn, Jan D'Haen, Jean Manca, Wouter Maes, Roberto Lazzaroni, Nilesh Patil, Maxime Defour, Peter Adriaensens, Dirk Vanderzande, Benoît Champagne, Tim Vangerven, Koen Vandewal, Pieter Verstappen, Niko Van den Brande, Jens Wenzel Andreasen, VANGERVEN, Tim, VERSTAPPEN, Pieter, Patil, Nilesh, D'HAEN, Jan, CARDINALETTI, Ilaria, Benduhn, Johannes, Van den Brande, Niko, Defour, Maxime, Lemaur, Vincent, Beljonne, David, Lazzaroni, Roberto, Champagne, Benoît, VANDEWAL, Koen, Andreasen, Jens W., ADRIAENSENS, Peter, Breiby, D.B., Van Mele, Bruno, VANDERZANDE, Dirk, MAES, Wouter, MANCA, Jean, Materials and Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Engineering, and Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Organic solar cell, General Chemical Engineering, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, Polymer, Conjugated system, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Small molecule, Chemical reaction, Polymer solar cell, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Thermal, Materials Chemistry, Molecule, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Conjugated polymers and small molecules based on alternating electron-donating (D) and electronaccepting (A) building blocks have led to state-of-the-art organic solar cell materials governing efficiencies beyond 10%. Unfortunately, the connection of D and A building blocks via cross-coupling reactions does not always proceed as planned, which can result in the generation of side products containing D-D or A-A homocoupling motifs. Previous studies have reported a reduced performance in polymer and small molecule solar cells when such defect structures are present. A general consensus on the impact of homocouplings on device performance is, however, still lacking as is a profound understanding of the underlying causes of the device deterioration. For differentiating the combined effect of molecular weight and homocouplings in polymer solar cells, a systematic study on a small molecule system (DTS(FBBTh2)2) is presented. The impact of homocouplings on nanomorphology, thermal, and electro-optical properties is investigated. It is demonstrated that small quantities of homocouplings (

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347. Managing sustainable development in recreational and protected areas. The Dovre case, Norway

Author

Breiby, Monica Adele, Selvaag, Sofie Kjendlie, Øian, Hogne, Duedahl, Eva, and Lerfald, Merethe

Abstract

With an emphasis on integrating national parks into wider regional and local tourism development processes during the latter two decades, protected areas have gradually become more closely connected to their economic and social environments. This presupposes a dynamic approach that involves participatory planning. However, the preservation of nature and wildlife in protected areas remains a source of conflict among different stakeholders. The aim of this study is to explore how key stakeholders, with their different interests at stake, identify dilemmas, challenges, and opportunities in a national park, and to suggest how the various opinions can be integrated in an adaptive management framework for sustainable development. The main results from qualitative interviews with key stakeholders reveal three components of the adaptive management framework: 1) “Combining a bottom-up/top-down strategy in protected areas”, 2) “Channeling different user segments in protected areas”, and 3) “The dynamics between protected and surrounding areas”. The first component provides opportunities to look at sustainability issues from different perspectives, build alliances on shared values, and improve dialogue and collaboration. The second component may help national park management to maintain conservation values, for example, by using trails and guided tours. The third component may generate more attractive user experiences, guiding tourism suppliers to design and offer more attractive outdoor recreation activities and create attractive environments for economic development.

Published
2022
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348. Effect of posture on ampicillin pharmacokinetics, glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in resting subjects.

Author

Breiby, M, Aarbakke, J, Sundsfjord, J, Goussius, G, and Pape, J

Abstract

Differences in drug kinetics between supine rest and ambulation have been reported, but the relative contribution of postural changes and changes in the level of physical activity has not been evaluated. Ampicillin pharmacokinetics, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were studied in six male volunteers at rest in the sitting and lying position with an interval of 1 week. After intravenous administration ampicillin kinetics, analyzed according to a two-compartment open model, demonstrated significant changes in drug distribution when the position was changed from lying to sitting: alpha- increased by 50%, V1 and V beta increased by 19% and 22% respectively. Ampicillin clearance, the fraction of dose recovered from urine, GFR and RPF were, however, not influenced by the change in posture. Our data on effects of posture in resting subjects suggest that previously reported differences in drug elimination and RPF between lying and ambulatory subjects are largely due to differences in the level of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1983
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349. X-ray Diffraction Study of Directionally Grown Perylene Crystallites

Author

W. Breiby, Dag, T. Lemke, Henrik, Hammershøj, Peter, W. Andreasen, Jens, and M. Nielsen, Martin

Abstract

Using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, perylene crystallites grown on thin highly oriented poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films on silicon substrates have been investigated. All the perylene crystallites are found to orient with the abplane of the monoclinic unit cell parallel to the substrate. The scattering data is interpreted as a trimodal texture of oriented perylene crystallites, induced by interactions between the perylene molecules and the oriented PTFE substrate. Three families of biaxial orientations are seen, with the 〈h10〉 axes (h1, 2, or 3) parallel to the PTFE alignment, all having the ab-plane parallel to the substrate. About 92% of the scattered intensity corresponds to a population with 〈110〉 highly parallel to 〈001〉PTFE.

Published
2008
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350. The use and abuse of fish otoliths in studies of feeding habits of marine piscivores

Author

Malcolm Jobling and Anne Breiby

Subjects
Fishery, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ecology, medicine, %22">Fish , sense organs, Aquatic Science, Biology, Piscivore, Predation, Otolith
Abstract

The form and structure of fish otoliths are species specific, allowing them to be used as an aid in identification of prey species consumed by piscivores. Otholith length-fish length relationships can have application in the estimation of the size of fish prey consumed by squid, but, because otoliths are relatively rapidly attacked by acidic solutions, these relationships can not be used routinely for the estimation of the size of fish taken by marine mammals, birds and predatory fishes. Evidence from recent physiological studies of gastrointestinal motility suggests that indigestible material (skeletal fragments and otoliths) would not accumulate in the stomachs of marine mammals and birds, and any otoliths found amongst stomach contents probably represent the remains of a single feeding bout. Thus, the identification and counting of otoliths could provide a quantitative estimate of consumption of numbers of fish within different species. Results of anal)(ses of faecal material may not give accu...

Published
1986

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