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Background: The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a measure of positive mental health and flourishing, which is widely used in several countries but has not yet been validated in Denmark. This study aimed to examine its qualitative and quantitative properties in a Danish population sample and compare scores with Canada and the Netherlands.Methods: Three thousand five hundred eight participants aged 16-95 filled out an electronic survey. Both the unidimensional and multidimensional aspects of the Danish MHC-SF were studied through bifactor modelling. Cognitive interviews examined face validity and usability.Results: The general score of the Danish MHC-SF was reliable for computing unit-weighted composite scores, as well as using a bifactor model to compute general factor scores or measurement models in an SEM context. Nonetheless, subscale scores were unreliable, explaining very low variance beyond that explained by the general factor. The participants of the qualitative interviews observed problems with wording and content of the items, especially from the social subscale. The general score correlated with other scales as expected. We found substantial variation in flourishing prevalence rates between the three cultural settings.Conclusions: The Danish MHC-SF produced reliable general scores of well-being. Most of the issues observed regarding the subscale scores have been shown in previous research in other contexts. The further analysis of indices of the bifactor model and the inclusion of qualitative interviews allowed for a better understanding of the possible sources of problems with the questionnaire's subscales. The use of subscales, the substantive understanding of the general score, as well as the operationalization of the state of flourishing, require further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Glucose in solution suppressed food intake. • Subjective appetite was higher after control preload + active video game playing. • Active video game playing affected subjective emotion scores. • Net energy balance was not affected by active video game playing. Sedentary video game playing (VGP) and caloric preloads in the pre-meal environment have been shown to influence short-term food intake (FI) regulation in children. Other factors that may affect FI control include physical activity and/or heightened emotion. Therefore, we examined the effects of a glucose preload and 30 min of active VGP (aVGP) on subjective appetite, short-term FI, and subjective emotions in 9-14 year-old children. On four test mornings approximately one-week apart, twenty-seven children (sex: 15M, 12F; age: 11.3 ± 0.3 years; BMI percentile: 55.3 ± 6.1%) consumed a standardized breakfast two hours prior to consuming 250 mL of either a 50 g glucose preload or Sucralose® control. Following the preload, participants participated in 30 min of quiet sitting or aVGP. Energy expenditure was measured during aVGP via indirect calorimetry. FI from an ad libitum pizza meal was measured after each test condition. Subjective appetite and emotions were measured at baseline (0 min), during treatment (15min), and immediately before the test meal (30 min). aVGP did not affect FI, but the glucose preload decreased FI compared with the sucralose control (∆ = 157 kcal, <0.001). Although not statistically significant (p=0.12), caloric compensation was lower following the glucose preload in the aVGP condition. Subjective appetite increased with time, and was higher in the sucralose control + aVGP condition (p=0.05). Change from baseline subjective emotion scores of anger and excitement were higher (p=0.03) and lower (p=0.02) after aVGP, respectively. Neither short-term FI nor net energy balance were affected by low-intensity aVGP (energy expenditure of 34 kcal). These findings suggest that a short bout of low-intensity aVGP does not alter energy balance during the study measurement period, and may not support achieving or maintaining healthy weights in children. However, future longitudinal studies are needed to confirm such advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Uses mixed methods, a qualitative critical incident technique, and a quantitative experimental design. • Manager emotional and procedural support significantly affect employee's psychological well-being. • Psychological well-being mediates the relationship between procedural and emotional support and work quality-of-life. • Psychological well-being and quality of work life are higher when employees receive more than one form of support, procedural and emotional. This research examines the effects of customer incivility and manager procedural and emotional support on employee psychological well-being (PWB) and work quality-of-life (WQOL). Study 1 uses the qualitative critical incident technique to content analyze employee perceptions, finding that incivility affects employee PWB and WQOL. Based on the results of Study 1, a conceptual model examines a 2 (procedural support: high vs. low) × 2 (emotional support: high vs. low) between-subjects experimental design in both a hospitality and general service context. Results from Study 2 and 3 find that managerial procedural and emotional support significantly affect employee's PWB and WQOL. There is also a significant interaction effect of emotional and procedural support on PWB and WQOL. The research builds upon the incivility, managerial support, psychological well-being, and quality-of-life research as well as provides important managerial implications for actions service firms can take to minimize the negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study explores the relationship between CEO narcissism and CSR. • We focus on two distinct facets of CSR. • We account for the moderating role of outside board of directors. • The results support the moderating role of outside board of directors. During recent years, there has been a growing interest in CEO narcissism across disciplines. Various scholars document that CEO narcissism is an important factor that should not be overlooked when analyzing various organizational outcomes and strategies. Research on CEO narcissism has focused on its negative implications on organization outcomes. However, little attention has been paid to its effect on corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study explores the relationship between CEO narcissism and two distinct facets of CSR (stakeholder management and social issue participation), while taking into account the moderating role of outside board of directors. Using a sample of publicly traded U.S restaurants, the results document that an outside board of directors plays a moderating role on the relationship between CEO narcissism and the two distinct facets of CSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin A deficiency and soil‐transmitted helminth infection are serious public health problems in Kenya. The coverage of vitamin A supplementation and deworming medication (VASD) provided through mass campaigns is generally high, yet with a cost that is not sustainable, while coverage offered through routine health services is low. Alternative strategies are needed that achieve the recommended coverage of >80% of children twice annually and can be managed by health systems with limited resources. We undertook a study from September to December 2021 to compare the feasibility and coverage of VASD locally delivered by community health volunteers (CHV) ("intervention arm") to that achieved by the bi‐annual Malezi Bora campaign event ("control arm"). This comparative cross‐sectional study was conducted in sub‐counties of Siaya County using both qualitative and quantitative methods. VASD were offered through the CHS in Alego Usonga and through Malezi Bora in Bondo Sub‐County. Coverage was assessed by a post‐event coverage survey among caregivers of children aged 6–59 months (n = 307 intervention; n = 318 control). Key informant interviews were conducted with n = 43 personnel across both modalities, and 10 focus group discussions were conducted with caregivers of children aged 6–59 months to explore knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of the two strategies. VAS coverage by CHV was 90.6% [95% CI: 87.3–93.9] compared to 70.4% [95% CI: 65.4–75.4] through the Malezi Bora, while deworming coverage was 73.9% [95% CI: 69.0–78.7] and 54.7% [95% CI: 49.2–60.2], respectively. With sufficient training and oversight, CHV can achieve superior coverage to campaigns. Key messages: Innovative strategies are needed to effectively deliver vitamin A and deworming to eligible children through routine health services.Kenya's community health volunteers (CHVs) provide diverse preventive services, but do not distribute VASD.Our four month quasi‐experimental study in Siaya County utilized quantitative and qualitative methods to compare VASD added to the CHV package to the current bi‐annual Malezi Bora campaigns.VAS coverage by CHVs was higher at 90.6% [95% CI: 87.3–93.9] compared to Malezi Bora at 70.4% [95% CI: 65.4–75.4]; deworming coverage was 73.9% [95% CI: 69.0–78.7] vs. 54.7% [95% CI: 49.2–60.2], respectively.Success factors included effective incentives, comprehensive training, and strategic planning and regular review meetings at county and subcounty levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article represents the 28 year history of Professional Development Schools at the University of South Carolina and explains how the network continues to grow and thrive, in part, by the application of a collaborative leadership model. Our goal in this article is to recognize and understand how our continued efforts, as professional development school (PDS) partners, helped grow, change and sustain the Professional Development Schools Network at the University of South Carolina (UofSC) since its inception in 1990. We share our history and describe the context within which we enact our PDS Network of 21 schools in five school districts and most recently a PDS District. Subsequent sections of the article discuss our evolving commitments to the network via our mission, funding, planned events, and assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers are leaving the classroom at greater rates while traditional teacher pathways are not yielding enough teacher candidates. These factors create a need for teachers that is especially evident in rural communities. Paraprofessionals (e.g., teaching assistants, instructional aides, paraeducators) who provide classroom support are uniquely positioned to fill these vacancies. In this paper, we examine the experiences of paraprofessionals prior to applying to a teacher residency program. Based upon the experiences shared by the participants, intrapersonal characteristics needed to become a teacher were highlighted, and policy requirements identified, surfacing challenges paraprofessionals encounter impacting their desire to become a teacher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Acculturation is not thought to reflect one's brain function; however, numerous studies have shown that less acculturated adults perform worse on neuropsychological tests. This study systematically reviews the effect of acculturation on neuropsychological tests in healthy adults. Data Selection: This systematic review was registered in Prospero (CRD42020196578) with the defined review procedures. It included studies with healthy adults and relational data between neuropsychological test scores and acculturation. 13,945 studies were screened studies and 8 met inclusion criteria. Data Synthesis: After accounting for demographic factors (including education), acculturation was a positive predictor of performance on tests of dementia screening, processing speed, attention, executive functioning, language, and memory. This relationship remained after accounting for both demographic factors and English Fluency, and specifically on tests of IQ, language, and visuoconstruction. Conclusion: These results support measuring and considering acculturation when interpreting both verbal and "non-verbal" test results. At a minimum acculturation should be factored into test selection, normative selection, and clinical judgment. Looking forward it is hoped that new norms and tests will be developed to eliminate the effect of one's culture on test performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Alors que des données probantes montrent que certains travailleurs de première ligne et travailleurs essentiels ont augmenté leur consommation d'alcool pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, cette question n'a pas été étudiée au Canada. Méthodologie. À l'aide des données de l'Enquête sur la COVID-19 et la santé mentale (ECSM) de 2020, nous avons calculé la prévalence pondérée de la consommation auto-déclarée accrue d'alcool et de la forte consommation épisodique d'alcool et les intervalles de confiance à 95 % correspondants pour trois groupes de population : travailleurs de première ligne, travailleurs essentiels et travailleurs autres que de première ligne ou essentiels. Nous avons effectué une analyse de régression logistique pour étudier les associations entre les déterminants sociaux de la santé, la santé mentale et la consommation d'alcool pour chaque groupe. Résultats. La prévalence de la consommation accrue d'alcool et celle de la forte consommation épisodique d'alcool au cours du dernier mois ne différaient pas entre les travailleurs de première ligne, les travailleurs essentiels et les autres travailleurs. Au sein des trois groupes, les personnes ne s'identifiant pas comme appartenant à un groupe racisé avaient des probabilités supérieures dans les deux résultats. Le fait d'avoir obtenu un résultat positif au dépistage du trouble d'anxiété généralisée ou du trouble de l'humeur était significativement associé à une consommation accrue d'alcool chez les trois groupes. Chez les travailleurs de première ligne et les travailleurs essentiels, les personnes de genre féminin étaient beaucoup moins susceptibles que celles de genre masculin de faire état d'une forte consommation épisodique d'alcool. Chez les travailleurs essentiels seulement, on a établi une association significative entre le fait de vivre dans une région rurale et une probabilité moindre de consommation accrue d'alcool, ainsi qu'une association significative entre le fait d'avoir obtenu un résultat positif au dépistage du trouble de stress post-traumatique et une probabilité plus élevée de forte consommation épisodique d'alcool. Chez les travailleurs de première ligne seulement, on a établi une association significative entre le fait de vivre dans une région rurale et une probabilité moindre de forte consommation épisodique d'alcool. Conclusion. Même si les travailleurs de première ligne et les travailleurs essentiels ne se sont pas révélés plus susceptibles de faire état d'une consommation accrue d'alcool et d'une forte consommation épisodique d'alcool que les autres travailleurs, des différences ont été établies dans les facteurs associés à la consommation d'alcool. Ces résultats montrent l'importance d'analyser chaque groupe séparément pour obtenir des données aptes à orienter les stratégies ciblées de prévention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides an overview of the issue of the journal which focuses on the multi-faceted dynamics of globalization.

The global SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic continues to be devastating in many areas. Treatment options have been limited and convalescent donor plasma has been used by many centers to transfer passive neutralizing antibodies to patients with respiratory involvement. The results often vary by institution and are complicated by the nature and quality of the donor plasma itself, the timing of administration and the clinical aspects of the recipients. SARS-CoV-2 infection is known to be associated with an increase in the blood concentrations of several inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, as part of the overall immune response to the virus and consequential to mediated lung pathology. Some of these correlates contribute to the cytokine storm syndrome and acute respiratory distress syndrome, often resulting in fatality. A Phase IIa clinical trial at our institution using high neutralizing titer convalescent plasma transfer gave us the unique opportunity to study the elevations of correlates in the first 10 days after infusion. Plasma recipients were divided into hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients who did not (Track 2) or did (Track 3) require mechanical ventilation. Several cytokines were elevated in the patients of each Track and some continued to rise through Day 10, while others initially increased and then subsided. Furthermore, elevations in MIP-1α, MIP-1β and CRP correlated with disease progression of Track 2 recipients. Overall, our observations serve as a foundation for further study of these correlates and the identification of potential biomarkers to improve upon convalescent plasma therapy and to drive more successful patient outcomes. Author summary: COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has a varied clinical course with limited treatment options. While some patients mount a productive immune response leading to recovery, others progress to rapid respiratory deterioration that may require hospitalization and mechanical ventilation. Our institution conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) to treat patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. In this arm of the study, we sought to examine immune analytes in donor plasma as well as evaluate the recipients' plasma before CPT infusion, and at Day 3 and Day 10 post-CPT infusion. We found some analytes to be elevated in plasma donors, compared to healthy controls, even after recovery. Plasma composition in CPT recipients prior to infusion showed elevations in several analytes associated with immune activation. Some significant differences were seen in plasma composition in patients in our Track 2 cohort (hospitalized without mechanical ventilation) compared to the Track 3 cohort (hospitalized with mechanical ventilation). In addition, we obtained plasma samples for hospitalized COVID-19 patients that did not receive CPT and noted several differences in the course of immune analyte production over time compared to the CPT-treated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of thoughts of self-harm during the postpartum period is not well documented in Canada. To estimate the prevalence of thoughts of self-harm among postpartum women in Canada, this study explored prevalence by socio-demographic characteristics and examined the associations between thoughts of self-harm and aspects of maternal mental health.Methods: This study used data from the 2018/2019 Survey on Maternal Health which surveyed women living in the 10 provinces anywhere between 6-13 months postpartum. Participants were asked to report experiencing thoughts of self-harm, rate their mental health, and participate in the abbreviated Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale. Adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations.Results: Of the 6,558 respondents who agreed to share their data, 10.4% reported thoughts of self-harm since the birth of their child. Of these women, 37.0% reported low mental health, 54.2% had moderate levels of symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) and 37.1% had symptoms of GAD. Women who experienced low mental health, moderate levels of symptoms of PPD and/or GAD were more likely to report thoughts of self-harm.Limitations: As thoughts of self-harm and aspects of mental health are self-reported, there is the potential for social desirability bias and underreporting. The cross-sectional survey design did not allow the reporting of thoughts of self-harm at different time points.Discussion: The high proportion of postpartum women in Canada reporting thoughts of self-harm and strong associations with aspects of maternal mental health highlight the need for effective supports during postpartum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare the prevalence of three positive mental health (PMH) outcomes (self-rated mental health, life satisfaction, sense of community belonging) in postpartum women to the general population, and to examine the relationship between protective factors and the three PMH outcomes among postpartum women. Methods: The national cross-sectional Survey on Maternal Health (n = 6558) was analyzed. Analyses were weighted and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Three adjusted logistic regression models were generated. To compare this sample to the general population of women, estimates from the Canadian Community Health Survey—Annual Component (2018) were used. Results: Compared to the general population of women, a larger proportion of postpartum women reported a strong sense of community belonging. The odds of postpartum women with high self-rated physical health having high self-rated mental health were approximately seven times greater (aOR 6.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.9, 8.1) than postpartum women with lower self-rated physical health. The absence of symptoms of postpartum depression (PPD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and high self-rated physical health were significantly associated with all three PMH outcomes. Frequent availability of maternal support was associated with greater odds of high life satisfaction (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4, 1.9) and sense of community belonging (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.6). Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that availability of maternal support, self-rated physical health and absence of symptoms of PPD or GAD were associated with PMH among postpartum women. As physical health had the strongest association with mental health, we encourage further examination of this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photographs of several attendees during the South Australia Conference including students Mikaela Baker, Melissa McCallum and Jordy Kitschke are presented.