160 results on '"Arora, Meenakshi"'
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152. Adolescents' Stress in India: Age and Sex Differences
- Author
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Arora, Meenakshi, primary, Kumari, Anju, additional, and Enright, Robert D., additional
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Quantifying the Impact of Climate Variability and Change on Groundwater
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Fan, Xinyang, Goldscheider, Nico, Goeppert, Nadine, Arora, Meenakshi, Peterson, Tim J., and Henley, Benjamin J.
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climate change ,recharge ,discharge ,Geography & travel ,conceptual modeling ,Groundwater level ,ddc:910 - Abstract
Der Klimawandel wird sich voraussichtlich auf das Grundwasser auswirken, aber die Prognosen sind sehr unsicher. Die Quantifizierung der historischen Auswirkungen ermöglicht ein besseres Verständnis der Reaktion des Grundwassers, wurde aber aufgrund des komplexen Einflusses verschiedener Faktoren, wie Grundwasserentnahme für die landwirtschaftliche Bewässerung und Landnutzungsänderungen, nur selten untersucht. Diese Arbeit zielt darauf ab, zum Verständnis und zur Quantifizierung der historischen Auswirkungen von Klimawandel und -schwankungen auf das Grundwasser durch drei miteinander verbundene Forschungsfragen beizutragen: Frage 1: Wie sensitiv reagieren der Grundwasserstand und die Grundwasserneubildung auf Klimaschwankungen in Australien? Frage 2: Wie stark sind die Veränderungen des Grundwasserstands auf den anthropogenen Klimawandel in Australien zurückzuführen und wann haben sich diese Auswirkungen auf das Grundwasser bemerkbar gemacht? Frage 3: Wie haben und werden sich die langfristigen Klimawandel und -schwankungen auf den Grundwasserabfluss (niedriger, mittlerer und hoher Abfluss) in einem großen Karsteinzugsgebiet (schneebeeinflusst, gemäßigtes Klima) in Mitteleuropa auswirken? Die Frage 1 wurde durch Quantifizierung der Sensitivität des Grundwasserstands und der Grundwasserneubildung gegenüber Klimaschwankungen in Australien untersucht. Insgesamt 4350 Messstellen wurden zunächst mit der Zeitreihen-Grundwasser-Toolbox HydroSight modelliert, und 1143 (26%) davon wurden als klimadominierte Messstellen identifiziert. Zur Quantifizierung der Grundwassersensitivität wurde dann ein multipler linearer Regressionsansatz angewandt, der an Studien zur Elastizität von Wasserflüssen adaptiert wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Grundwasserstand und die Grundwasserneubildung etwa achtmal sensitiver auf Niederschläge reagieren als auf Veränderungen der potenziellen Evapotranspiration. Die inhärenten Eigenschaften der Gebiete, wie Klimatyp und Hydrogeologie, scheinen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Kontrolle der Grundwassersensitivität zu spielen. Die Frage 2 wurde untersucht, indem historische Veränderungen des Grundwasserstands in Australien festgestellt und auf den anthropogenen Klimawandel zurückgeführt wurden. An den vom Klima dominierten Standorten wurde ein Modellierungsexperiment durchgeführt, um die Veränderungen des Grundwasserstands sowohl in der faktischen als auch in der kontrafaktischen (natürlichen) Welt mit und ohne menschlichen Einfluss zu simulieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass 90% der Standorte seit den 1950er Jahren eine signifikante Grundwasserabsenkung erfahren haben, die auf den anthropogenen Klimawandel zurückzuführen ist. Im Südwesten Australien ist die Abnahme am höchsten und liegt viermal so hoch wie der nationale Median (-74 gegenüber -19 mm pro Jahr). Diese Ergebnisse gehören zu den ersten, die zeigen, dass das Grundwasser bereits seit längerer Zeit den negativen Auswirkungen des anthropogenen Klimawandels leidet. Zur Beantwortung von Frage 3 wurde die Reaktion des Grundwasserabflusses auf Klimawandel und -schwankungen in einem schneebeeinflussten Karsteinzugsgebiet der gemäßigten Breiten (Blautopf) in Süddeutschland zwischen 1952 und 2100 quantifiziert. In dieser Studie wurden statistische Methoden und konzeptionelle Modellierungen eingesetzt, um die langfristigen Auswirkungen zu quantifizieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Veränderungen des jährlichen mittleren und niedrigen Abflusses nicht signifikant waren, aber der jährliche Spitzenabfluss hat sich aufgrund der weniger intensiven Schneeschmelze auf einen niedrigen Wert (< 13,6 m3/s) verschoben. Trotz nicht signifikanter historischer Veränderungen werden alle hoch-, niedrig- und mittleren Abflüsse bis zum Jahr 2100 voraussichtlich abnehmen. Diese Ergebnisse können auf potenzielle Risiken der Wassermangelversorgung an ähnlichen klimatischen und geologischen Standorten hinweisen. Die Quantifizierung der historischen Auswirkungen von Klimawandel und -schwankungen auf das Grundwasser trägt zu einem besseren Verständnis der Reaktion des Grundwassers bei und erhöht die Zuverlässigkeit der Vorhersagen. Nur wenn wir die Vergangenheit verstehen, können wir bessere Vorhersagen für die Zukunft machen.
- Published
- 2023
154. Curcumin Can Decrease Tissue Inflammation and the Severity of HSV-2 Infection in the Female Reproductive Mucosa
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Sanjay Garg, Jocelyn M. Wessels, Puja Bagri, Meenakshi Arora, Allison M. Felker, Raghu Ganugula, Charu Kaushic, M. N. V. Ravi Kumar, Talveer S. Mandur, Ankit Parikh, Danielle Vitali, Vitali, Danielle, Bagri, Puja, Wessels, Jocelyn M, Arora, Meenakshi, Ganugula, Raghu, Parikh, Ankit, Mandur, Talveer, Felker, Allison, Garg, Sanjay, Kumar, MNV Ravi, and Kaushic, Charu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Chemokine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Herpesvirus 2, Human ,Pharmacology ,Severity of Illness Index ,lcsh:Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,cytokine ,Medicine ,curcumin ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Spectroscopy ,Chemokine CCL2 ,Drug Carriers ,biology ,herpes ,Interleukin ,General Medicine ,Genitalia, Female ,HSV-2 ,3. Good health ,Computer Science Applications ,Cytokine ,Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Vagina ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Curcumin ,Inflammation ,Catalysis ,Article ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,In vivo ,CpG ,Animals ,Humans ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,business.industry ,Interleukin-6 ,Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ,Organic Chemistry ,Epithelial Cells ,Herpes Simplex ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Administration, Intravaginal ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,chemistry ,inflammation ,biology.protein ,Nanoparticles ,nanoparticles ,pathology ,business - Abstract
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted viruses and is a known risk factor for HIV acquisition in the Female Genital Tract (FGT). Previously, we found that curcumin can block HSV-2 infection and abrogate the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by genital epithelial cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated whether curcumin, encapsulated in nanoparticles and delivered by various in vivo routes, could minimize inflammation and prevent or reduce HSV-2 infection in the FGT. Female mice were pre-treated with curcumin nanoparticles through oral, intraperitoneal and intravaginal routes, and then exposed intravaginally to the tissue inflammation stimulant CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). Local intravaginal delivery of curcumin nanoparticles, but not intraperitoneal or oral delivery, reduced CpG-mediated inflammatory histopathology and decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-&alpha, ) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1) in the FGT. However, curcumin nanoparticles did not demonstrate anti-viral activity nor reduce tissue pathology when administered prior to intravaginal HSV-2 infection. In an alternative approach, intravaginal pre-treatment with crude curcumin or solid dispersion formulations of curcumin demonstrated increased survival and delayed pathology following HSV-2 infection. Our results suggest that curcumin nanoparticle delivery in the vaginal tract could reduce local tissue inflammation. The anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin delivered to the vaginal tract could potentially reduce the severity of HSV-2 infection and decrease the risk of HIV acquisition in the FGT of women.
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- 2019
155. Multi-level computational exploration of advanced combustion engine operating strategies
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Ivan Taritaš, Darko Kozarac, Samveg Saxena, David Vuilleumier, Benjamin Wolk, Robert W. Dibble, Ban, Marko, Duić, Neven, Schneider, Daniel Rolph, Guzović, Zvonimir, Arora, Meenakshi, Barbir, Frano, Boldyryev, Stanislav, Connolly, David, Davidson, Brian, Đukić, Ankica, Eveloy, Valerie, Foley, Aoife, Kilkis, Siir, Klemeš, Jifi Jaromir, Lund, Henrik, and Malano, Hector...
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Engineering ,business.industry ,020209 energy ,Mechanical Engineering ,Homogeneous charge compression ignition ,External combustion engine ,Partial fuel stratification ,Gasoline compression ignition ,Low temperature combustion ,Computational fluid dynamics ,Cycle-simulation ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Automotive engineering ,020303 mechanical engineering & transports ,General Energy ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Internal combustion engine ,Engine efficiency ,HCCI, PFS, GCI, LTC, Compression Ignition, CFD, Cycle Simulation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Internal combustion engine cooling ,Exhaust gas recirculation ,Engine knocking ,business ,Petrol engine - Abstract
Advanced combustion engine (ACE) research is typically carried out on single-cylinder research engines. These engines are designed to tightly control fueling and conditions at intake valve closure (IVC) and to precisely measure in-cylinder conditions and emissions. However, to be able to measure and control engine operation so precisely, these research engines typically do not feature intake and exhaust tracts that resemble those in production engines, specifically in regards to turbomachinery, heat exchangers, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. For this reason, these research engines are effective for understanding in-cylinder combustion parameters such as heat release rate, burn duration, combustion efficiency, pollutant formation, and exhaust valve opening (EVO) conditions. This paper applies high fidelity simulations to determine the feasibility of achieving a chosen single cylinder engine operating point on a production type homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine, using a partial fuel stratification (PFS) strategy. To accomplish this, a Converge 3 dimensional (3D) – computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the experimental combustion chamber and intake and exhaust runners was created to simulate the experimental engine. This model was used to simulate an operating point achieved experimentally, as well as to determine the sensitivity of the operating point to variations in intake pressure, intake temperature, injection timing, injected mass, and EGR fraction. The results from these simulations were fed into a 1-dimensional engine simulation created in AVL Boost, featuring production-type intake and exhaust systems, including turbomachinery and heat exchangers necessary to create the required IVC conditions. This full engine simulation was used to assess the cycle efficiency of the engine at the experimental operating condition, and to assess whether changes to this operating point in intake temperature, intake pressure, direct injection timing, or fueling are beneficial to the cycle efficiency and engine-out emissions. In addition, the sensitivity of promising engine operating points to injection timing and injection mass are determined to evaluate the potential stability of these operating points.
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- 2016
156. Book of Abstracts of the 10th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems
- Author
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Ban, Marko, Duić, Neven, Schneider, Daniel Rolph, Guzović, Zvonimir, Arora, Meenakshi, Barbir, Frano, Boldyryev, Stanislav, Connolly, David, Davidson, Brian, Đukić, Ankica, Vujanović, Milan, Pukšec, Tomislav, and et al
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sustainable development ,energy systems ,water systems ,environment systems - Abstract
The objective of the 10th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) is to provide a world-wide forum for experts, researchers and those interested in learning about the sustainability of development, to present research progress and to discuss the state of the art, the future directions and priorities in the various areas of sustainable development. This includes the improvement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the sustainability of development, taking into account its economic, environmental and social pillars, as well as methods for assessing and measuring sustainability of development, regarding energy, transport, water, food and environment systems and their many combinations.
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- 2015
157. Digital Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems
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Ban, Marko, Duić, Neven, Schneider, Daniel Rolph, Guzović, Zvonimir, Arora, Meenakshi, Barbir, Frano, Boldyryev, Stanislav, Connolly, David, Davidson, Brian, Đukić, Ankica, Vujanović, Milan, Pukšec, Tomislav, and et al
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sustainable development ,energy systems ,water systems ,environment systems - Abstract
The objective of the 10th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES) is to provide a world-wide forum for experts, researchers and those interested in learning about the sustainability of development, to present research progress and to discuss the state of the art, the future directions and priorities in the various areas of sustainable development. This includes the improvement and dissemination of knowledge on methods, policies and technologies for increasing the sustainability of development, taking into account its economic, environmental and social pillars, as well as methods for assessing and measuring sustainability of development, regarding energy, transport, water, food and environment systems and their many combinations.
- Published
- 2015
158. The Tissue Systems Pathology Test Objectively Risk-Stratifies Patients With Barrett's Esophagus: Results From a Multicenter US Clinical Experience Study.
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Villa NA, Ordonez-Castellanos M, Yodice M, Newhams K, Ayazi S, Smolko C, Arora M, Critchley-Thorne RJ, Khara HS, and Diehl DL
- Abstract
Background: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a diagnosis of esophageal intestinal metaplasia, which can progress to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and guidelines recommend endoscopic surveillance for early detection and treatment of EAC. However, current practices have limited effectiveness in risk-stratifying patients with BE., Aim: This study aimed to evaluate use of the TSP-9 test in risk-stratifying clinically relevant subsets of patients with BE in clinical practice., Methods: TSP-9 results for tests ordered by 891 physicians for 8080 patients with BE with clinicopathologic data were evaluated. Orders were from nonacademic (94.3%) and academic (5.7%) settings for nondysplastic BE (NDBE; n=7586; 93.9%), indefinite for dysplasia (IND, n=312, 3.9%), and low-grade dysplasia (LGD, n=182, 2.3%)., Results: The TSP-9 test scored 83.2% of patients with low risk, 10.6% intermediate risk, and 6.2% high risk, respectively, for progression to HGD/EAC within 5 years. TSP-9 provided significant risk-stratification independently of clinicopathologic features, within NDBE, IND, and LGD subsets, male and female, and short- and long-segment subsets of patients. TSP-9 identified 15.3% of patients with NDBE as intermediate/high-risk for progression, which was 6.4 times more than patients with a pathology diagnosis of LGD. Patients with NDBE who scored intermediate or high risk had a predicted 5-year progression risk of 8.1% and 15.3%, respectively, which are similar to and higher than published progression rates in patients with BE with confirmed LGD., Conclusions: The TSP-9 test identified a high-risk subset of patients with NDBE who were predicted to progress at a higher rate than confirmed LGD, enabling early detection of patients requiring management escalation to reduce the incidence of EAC. TSP-9 scored the majority of patients with NDBE as low risk, providing support to adhere to 3- to 5-year surveillance per guidelines., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)
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- 2024
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159. Oral delivery of nanoparticle urolithin A normalizes cellular stress and improves survival in mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI.
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Zou D, Ganugula R, Arora M, Nabity MB, Sheikh-Hamad D, and Kumar MNVR
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- Administration, Oral, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents toxicity, Coumarins pharmacokinetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Kidney drug effects, Kidney metabolism, Kidney pathology, Male, Mice, MicroRNAs genetics, MicroRNAs metabolism, Rats, Stress, Physiological, Acute Kidney Injury chemically induced, Acute Kidney Injury drug therapy, Cisplatin toxicity, Coumarins administration & dosage, Nanoparticles administration & dosage
- Abstract
The popular anticancer drug cisplatin causes many adverse side effects, the most serious of which is acute kidney injury (AKI). Emerging evidence from laboratory and clinical studies suggests that the AKI pathogenesis involves oxidative stress pathways; therefore, regulating such pathways may offer protection. Urolithin A (UA), a gut metabolite of the dietary tannin ellagic acid, possesses antioxidant properties and has shown promise in mouse models of AKI. However, therapeutic potential of UA is constrained by poor bioavailability. We aimed to improve oral bioavailability of UA by formulating it into biodegradable nanoparticles that use a surface-conjugated ligand targeting the gut-expressed transferrin receptor. Nanoparticle encapsulation of UA led to a sevenfold enhancement in oral bioavailability compared with native UA. Treatment with nanoparticle UA also significantly attenuated the histopathological hallmarks of cisplatin-induced AKI and reduced mortality by 63% in the mouse model. Expression analyses indicated that nanoparticle UA therapy coincided with oxidative stress mitigation and downregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- and P53-inducible genes. Additionally, normalization of miRNA (miR-192-5p and miR-140-5p) implicated in AKI, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 levels, antiapoptotic signaling, intracellular NAD
+ , and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation were observed in the treatment group. Our findings suggest that nanoparticles greatly increase the oral bioavailability of UA, leading to improved survival rates in AKI mice, in part by reducing renal oxidative and apoptotic stress.- Published
- 2019
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160. Direct enantiomeric resolution of (+/-)-atenolol, (+/-)-metoprolol, and (+/-)-propranolol by impregnated TLC using L-aspartic acid as chiral selector.
- Author
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Bhushan R and Arora M
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- Chromatography, Thin Layer, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Solvents, Stereoisomerism, Adrenergic beta-Antagonists isolation & purification, Aspartic Acid chemistry, Atenolol isolation & purification, Metoprolol isolation & purification, Propranolol isolation & purification
- Abstract
Resolution of three commonly used beta-blockers, (+/-)-atenolol, (+/-)-metoprolol and (+/-)-propranolol, into their enantiomers has been achieved using normal-phase TLC on silica gel plates impregnated with L-aspartic acid as the chiral selector. Different combinations of acetonitrile-methanol-water as mobile phase were found to be successful in resolving the enantiomers. The spots were detected with iodine and the detection limits were found to be 0.26 microg for atenolol and 0.23 microg for each of metoprolol and propranolol as racemate., (Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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