Search

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is one of the most recognized global patterns of species richness exhibited across a wide range of taxa. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past two centuries to explain LDG, but rigorous tests of the drivers of LDGs have been limited by a lack of high-quality global species richness data. Here we produce a high-resolution (0.025° × 0.025°) map of local tree species richness using a global forest inventory database with individual tree information and local biophysical characteristics from ~1.3 million sample plots. We then quantify drivers of local tree species richness patterns across latitudes. Generally, annual mean temperature was a dominant predictor of tree species richness, which is most consistent with the metabolic theory of biodiversity (MTB). However, MTB underestimated LDG in the tropics, where high species richness was also moderated by topographic, soil and anthropogenic factors operating at local scales. Given that local landscape variables operate synergistically with bioclimatic factors in shaping the global LDG pattern, we suggest that MTB be extended to account for co-limitation by subordinate drivers. The team collaboration and manuscript development are supported by the web-based team science platform: science-i.org, with the project number 202205GFB2. We thank the following initiatives, agencies, teams and individuals for data collection and other technical support: the Global Forest Biodiversity Initiative (GFBI) for establishing the data standards and collaborative framework; United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program; University of Alaska Fairbanks; the SODEFOR, Ivory Coast; University Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB, Ivory Coast); the Queensland Herbarium and past Queensland Government Forestry and Natural Resource Management departments and staff for data collection for over seven decades; and the National Forestry Commission of Mexico (CONAFOR). We thank M. Baker (Carbon Tanzania), together with a team of field assistants (Valentine and Lawrence); all persons who made the Third Spanish Forest Inventory possible, especially the main coordinator, J. A. Villanueva (IFN3); the French National Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns (raw data 2005 and following annual surveys, were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventaire-forestier.ign.fr/spip.php?rubrique159; site accessed on 1 January 2015)); the Italian Forest Inventory (NFI campaigns raw data 2005 and following surveys were downloaded by GFBI at https://inventarioforestale.org/; site accessed on 27 April 2019); Swiss National Forest Inventory, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL and Federal Office for the Environment FOEN, Switzerland; the Swedish NFI, Department of Forest Resource Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SLU; the National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (89967 and 109244) and the South African Research Chair Initiative; the Danish National Forestry, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, UCPH; Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel of Brazil (CAPES, grant number 88881.064976/2014-01); R. Ávila and S. van Tuylen, Instituto Nacional de Bosques (INAB), Guatemala, for facilitating Guatemalan data; the National Focal Center for Forest condition monitoring of Serbia (NFC), Institute of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia; the Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems (Germany) for providing National Forest Inventory data; the FAO and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) for undertaking the SAFE (Safe Access to Fuel and Energy) and CBIT-Forest projects; and the Amazon Forest Inventory Network (RAINFOR), the African Tropical Rainforest Observation Network (AfriTRON) and the ForestPlots.net initiative for their contributions from Amazonian and African forests. The Natural Forest plot data collected between January 2009 and March 2014 by the LUCAS programme for the New Zealand Ministry for the Environment are provided by the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank https://nvs.landcareresearch.co.nz/. We thank the International Boreal Forest Research Association (IBFRA); the Forestry Corporation of New South Wales, Australia; the National Forest Directory of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Argentine Republic (MAyDS) for the plot data of the Second National Forest Inventory (INBN2); the National Forestry Authority and Ministry of Water and Environment of Uganda for their National Biomass Survey (NBS) dataset; and the Sabah Biodiversity Council and the staff from Sabah Forest Research Centre. All TEAM data are provided by the Tropical Ecology Assessment and Monitoring (TEAM) Network, a collaboration between Conservation International, the Missouri Botanical Garden, the Smithsonian Institution and the Wildlife Conservation Society, and partially funded by these institutions, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and other donors, with thanks to all current and previous TEAM site manager and other collaborators that helped collect data. We thank the people of the Redidoti, Pierrekondre and Cassipora village who were instrumental in assisting with the collection of data and sharing local knowledge of their forest and the dedicated members of the field crew of Kabo 2012 census. We are also thankful to FAPESC, SFB, FAO and IMA/SC for supporting the IFFSC. This research was supported in part through computational resources provided by Information Technology at Purdue, West Lafayette, Indiana.This work is supported in part by the NASA grant number 12000401 ‘Multi-sensor biodiversity framework developed from bioacoustic and space based sensor platforms’ (J. Liang, B.P.); the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture McIntire Stennis projects 1017711 (J. Liang) and 1016676 (M.Z.); the US National Science Foundation Biological Integration Institutes grant NSF‐DBI‐2021898 (P.B.R.); the funding by H2020 VERIFY (contract 776810) and H2020 Resonate (contract 101000574) (G.-J.N.); the TEAM project in Uganda supported by the Moore foundation and Buffett Foundation through Conservation International (CI) and Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS); the Danish Council for Independent Research | Natural Sciences (TREECHANGE, grant 6108- 00078B) and VILLUM FONDEN grant number 16549 (J.-C.S.); the Natural Environment Research Council of the UK (NERC) project NE/T011084/1 awarded to J.A.-G. and NE/S011811/1; ERC Advanced Grant 291585 (‘T-FORCES’) and a Royal Society-Wolfson Research Merit Award (O.L.P.); RAINFOR plots supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the UK Natural Environment Research Council, notably NERC Consortium Grants ‘AMAZONICA’ (NE/F005806/1), ‘TROBIT’ (NE/D005590/1) and ‘BIO-RED’ (NE/N012542/1); CIFOR’s Global Comparative Study on REDD+ funded by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation, the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, the European Union, the International Climate Initiative (IKI) of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety and the CGIAR Research Program on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry (CRP-FTA) and donors to the CGIAR Fund; AfriTRON network plots funded by the local communities and NERC, ERC, European Union, Royal Society and Leverhume Trust; a grant from the Royal Society and the Natural Environment Research Council, UK (S.L.L.); National Science Foundation CIF21 DIBBs: EI: number 1724728 (A.C.C.); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800374) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019BC083) (H.L.). UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant code: NE/S01537X/1) (T.J.); a Serra-Húnter Fellowship provided by the Government of Catalonia (Spain) (S.d.-M.); the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant 442640/2018-8, CNPq/Prevfogo-Ibama number 33/2018) (C.A.S.); a grant from the Franklinia Foundation (D.A.C.); Russian Science Foundation project number 19-77-300-12 (R.V.); the Takenaka Scholarship Foundation (A.O.A.); the German Research Foundation (DFG), grant number Am 149/16-4 (C.A.); the Romania National Council for Higher Education Funding, CNFIS, project number CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259 (O.B.); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2019-05109 and STPGP506284) and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (36014) (H.Y.H.C.); the project SustES—Adaptation strategies for sustainable ecosystem services and food security under adverse environmental conditions (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797) (E.C.); Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del estado de Durango (2019-01-155) (J.J.C.-R.); Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), New Delhi, Government of India (file number PDF/2015/000447)— ‘Assessing the carbon sequestration potential of different forest types in Central India in response to climate change’ (J.A.D.); Investissement d’avenir grant of the ANR (CEBA: ANR-10-LABEX-0025) (G.D.); National Foundation for Science & Technology Development of Vietnam, 106-NN.06-2013.01 (T.V.D.); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (T.J.E.); a Czech Science Foundation Standard grant (19-14620S) (T.M.F.); European Union Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007– 2013) under grant agreement number 265171 (L. Finer, M. Pollastrini, F. Selvi); grants from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (J.F.); CNPq productivity grant number 311303/2020-0 (A.L.d.G.); DFG grant HE 2719/11-1,2,3; HE 2719/14-1 (A. Hemp); European Union’s Horizon Europe research project OpenEarthMonitor grant number 101059548, CGIAR Fund INIT-32-MItigation and Transformation Initiative for GHG reductions of Agrifood systems RelaTed Emissions (MITIGATE+) (M.H.); General Directorate of the State Forests, Poland (1/07; OR-2717/3/11; OR.271.3.3.2017) and the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015) (A.M.J.); Czech Science Foundation 18-10781 S (S.J.); Danish of Ministry of Environment, the Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Integrated Forest Monitoring Program—NFI (V.K.J.); State of São Paulo Research Foundation/FAPESP as part of the BIOTA/FAPESP Program Project Functional Gradient-PELD/BIOTA-ECOFOR 2003/12595-7 & 2012/51872-5 (C.A.J.); Danish Council for Independent Research—social sciences—grant DFF 6109– 00296 (G.A.K.); Russian Science Foundation project 21-46-07002 for the plot data collected in the Krasnoyarsk region (V.K.); BOLFOR (D.K.K.); Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, Government of India (grant number BT/PR7928/ NDB/52/9/2006, dated 29 September 2006) (M.L.K.); grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (J.N.K.); Korea Forest Service (2018113A00-1820-BB01, 2013069A00-1819-AA03, and 2020185D10- 2022-AA02) and Seoul National University Big Data Institute through the Data Science Research Project 2016 (H.S.K.); the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant 442640/2018-8, CNPq/Prevfogo-Ibama number 33/2018) (C.K.); CSIR, New Delhi, government of India (grant number 38(1318)12/EMR-II, dated: 3 April 2012) (S.K.); Department of Biotechnology, New Delhi, government of India (grant number BT/ PR12899/ NDB/39/506/2015 dated 20 June 2017) (A.K.); Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) #88887.463733/2019-00 (R.V.L.); National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800374) (H.L.); project of CEPF RAS ‘Methodological approaches to assessing the structural organization and functioning of forest ecosystems’ (AAAA-A18-118052590019-7) funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (N.V.L.); Leverhulme Trust grant to Andrew Balmford, Simon Lewis and Jon Lovett (A.R.M.); Russian Science Foundation, project 19-77-30015 for European Russia data processing (O.M.); grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (M.T.E.M.); the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland (BIOSTRATEG1/267755/4/NCBR/2015) (S.M.); the Secretariat for Universities and of the Ministry of Business and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the European Social Fund (A. Morera); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (V.J.N.); Pinnacle Group Cameroon PLC (L.N.N.); Queensland government, Department of Environment and Science (M.R.N.); the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (RGPIN-2018-05201) (A.P.); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-05-00540 (E.I.P.); European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement number 778322 (H.P.); Science and Engineering Research Board, New Delhi, government of India (grant number YSS/2015/000479, dated 12 January 2016) (P.S.); the Chilean Government research grants Fondecyt number 1191816 and FONDEF number ID19 10421 (C.S.-E.); the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) Priority Program 1374 Biodiversity Exploratories (P.S.); European Space Agency projects IFBN (4000114425/15/NL/FF/gp) and CCI Biomass (4000123662/18/I-NB) (D. Schepaschenko); FunDivEUROPE, European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement number 265171 (M.S.-L.); APVV 20-0168 from the Slovak Research and Development Agency (V.S.); Manchester Metropolitan University’s Environmental Science Research Centre (G.S.); the project ‘LIFE+ ForBioSensing PL Comprehensive monitoring of stand dynamics in Białowieża Forest supported with remote sensing techniques’ which is co-funded by the EU Life Plus programme (contract number LIFE13 ENV/PL/000048) and the National Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Poland (contract number 485/2014/WN10/OP-NM-LF/D) (K.J.S.); Global Challenges Research Fund (QR allocation, MMU) (M.J.P.S.); Czech Science Foundation project 21-27454S (M.S.); the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project number 20-05-00540 (N. Tchebakova); Botanical Research Fund, Coalbourn Trust, Bentham Moxon Trust, Emily Holmes scholarship (L.A.T.); the programmes of the current scientific research of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (V.A.U.); FCT—Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology—Project UIDB/04033/2020. Inventário Florestal Nacional—ICNF (H. Viana); Grant from Kenya Coastal Development Project (KCDP), which was funded by World Bank (C.W.); grants from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (B.W.); ATTO project (grant number MCTI-FINEP 1759/10 and BMBF 01LB1001A, 01LK1602F) (F.W.); ReVaTene/ PReSeD-CI 2 is funded by the Education and Research Ministry of Côte d’Ivoire, as part of the Debt Reduction-Development Contracts (C2Ds) managed by IRD (I.C.Z.-B.); the National Research Foundation of South Africa (NRF, grant 89967) (C.H.). The Tropical Plant Exploration Group 70 1 ha plots in Continental Cameroon Mountains are supported by Rufford Small Grant Foundation, UK and 4 ha in Sierra Leone are supported by the Global Challenge Research Fund through Manchester Metropolitan University, UK; the National Geographic Explorer Grant, NGS-53344R-18 (A.C.-S.); University of KwaZulu-Natal Research Office grant (M.J.L.); Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dirección General de Asuntos de Personal Académico, Grant PAPIIT IN-217620 (J.A.M.). Czech Science Foundation project 21-24186M (R.T., S. Delabye). Czech Science Foundation project 20-05840Y, the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (LTAUSA19137) and the long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences no. RVO 67985939 (J.A.). The American Society of Primatologists, the Duke University Graduate School, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the National Science Foundation (grant number 0452995) and the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research (grant number 7330) (M.B.). Research grants from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) (309764/2019; 311303/2020) (A.C.V., A.L.G.). The Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (grant number CKJ-JYRC-2022-83) (H.-F.W.). The Ugandan NBS was supported with funds from the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF), the Austrian Development Agency (ADC) and FAO. FAO’s UN-REDD Program, together with the project on ‘Native Forests and Community’ Loan BIRF number 8493-AR UNDP ARG/15/004 and the National Program for the Protection of Native Forests under UNDP funded Argentina’s INBN2.

Habitatbäume sind eine Schlüsselkomponente der Waldbiodiversität. Seit rund 20 Jahren ist die Bedeutung von Baummikrohabitaten (BMH) als Lebensraum für Tausende teils hochspezialisierte Arten bekannt, und BMH finden zunehmend Eingang ins Waldmonitoring. Mit der Einführung der ersten europäischen Typologie der BMH verfügen das Schweizerische Landesforstinventar (LFI) und die Inventur im Buchenurwald Uholka-Schyrokyj Luh in der Ukraine als erste Grossrauminventuren über repräsentative Referenzdaten. Auch wenn die Reproduzierbarkeit bei einigen BMH-Typen eher schlecht ist, sind nach drei Erhebungsjahren des fünften LFI doch erste aufschlussreiche Vergleiche möglich. Im Schweizer Wald weisen 60% der stehenden lebenden Bäume ab 12 cm Brusthöhendurchmesser mindestens ein BMH auf. Am häufigsten in Stück pro Hektare sind solche mit Flechtenbewuchs (73), Moosbewuchs (67), Stammfusshöhlen (53), Kronentotholz (47) und Harzfluss (37), selten jene mit tiefen Mulmhöhlen (4), Spalten (1), Spechtbruthöhlen (1) und Pilzfruchtkörpern (1). Am geringsten ist die Anzahl BMH-Typen an Tannen (0.6), am grössten an Arven (1.6), Eichen (1.4) und Kastanien (1.3). Generell nimmt die Anzahl verschiedener BMH-Typen mit zunehmendem Baumdurchmesser zu. Die BMH-Dichte variiert je nach Waldfunktion, Waldeigentum, letzter Nutzung, Höhenlage und Geländeneigung. Die tiefen Werte im Mittelland und im östlichen Jura könnten Handlungsbedarf indizieren. Die BMH-Dichte an lebenden Bäumen ist im Schweizer Buchenwald gleich gross wie im Buchenurwald Uholka-Schyrokyj Luh. Allerdings sind tiefe Baumhöhlen, Rindentaschen, Kronentotholz und mehrjährige Pilzfruchtkörper im Buchenurwald häufiger, im Buchenwald dagegen Dendrotelme, Moos- und Efeubewuchs. Der wohl wichtigste ökologische Unterschied liegt im Totholzvolumen, das im Buchenurwald insgesamt fast dreimal so hoch ist wie im Buchenwald, bei den Dürrständern sogar fast sechsmal so hoch.

Reprogramming known medicines for a novel target with activity and selectivity over the canonical target is challenging. By studying the binding interactions between RNA folds and known small-molecule medicines and mining the resultant dataset across human RNAs, we identified that Dovitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, binds the precursor to microRNA-21 (pre-miR-21). Dovitinib was rationally reprogrammed for pre-miR-21 by using it as an RNA recognition element in a chimeric compound that also recruits RNase L to induce the RNA's catalytic degradation. By enhancing the inherent RNA-targeting activity and decreasing potency against canonical RTK protein targets in cells, the chimera shifted selectivity for pre-miR-21 by 2500-fold, alleviating disease progression in mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer and Alport Syndrome, both caused by miR-21 overexpression. Thus, targeted degradation can dramatically improve selectivity even across different biomolecules, i.e., protein versus RNA.

Am 1. Juli 2022 hat der Bundesrat Art. 32c RPV in Kraft gesetzt. Diese Verordnungsbestimmung soll die Bewilligung von Solaranlagen ausserhalb der Bauzonen erleichtern. Damit wird ein Paradigmenwechsel vollzogen, denn bisher waren Solaranlagen ausserhalb der Bauzonen – von Dächern in der Landwirtschaftszone abgesehen – verpönt. Die Autoren beleuchten die neue Bestimmung und nehmen eine erste rechtliche Einordnung vor. Sie zeigen auf, warum Art. 32c RPV kaum die erhoffte Erleichterung bringen wird.

International audience; The growing importance of the data in today’s applications, such as machine learning, makes merchandising them more appealing, but it opens various challenges. Indeed, we want data to be delivered in a fast, reliable, and secure manner. This means we want guarantees about the payment and the correct delivery of the data, while still offering the ease of existing publish/subscribe protocols. There exists no state-of-the-art protocol that answers to all those challenges. Most of them lack the security properties needed for merchandising data and the few secured propositions do not scale well with the number of buyers, which prevents them from global use. In this paper, we present a data payment system based on SUPRA, a publish/subscribe protocol having delivery guarantees. With our solution, it is possible to securely sell data while sharing them using the publish/subscribe model, which is known for its scalability in one-to-many communications. After presenting how our system works, we explain how it answers the various challenges of merchandising data and compare it to the other state-of-the-art solutions.

Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Elektronik, bei Sensoren und Werkstoffen machen es möglich, dass elektronische Geräte direkter mit dem menschlichen Körper verbunden werden können als bisher. Die Fortschritte in der Medizin stellen eine breite Palette von Technologien bereit, von denen sich einige auch für Anwendungen ausserhalb von Therapien eignen. Die vorliegende Studie befasst sich mit sieben Anwendungstypen der nichtmedizinischen Bioelektronik, die sich durch einen unterschiedlichen Grad der Vernetzung von Mensch und Technik auszeichnen. Sie können beispielsweise der Leistungssteigerung oder der Überwachung dienen, beruhigend wirken oder neue Formen der Interaktion mit virtuellen oder augmentierten Realitäten ermöglichen. Weil die Bioelektronik mit dem Gehirn interagieren kann, sind auch Aspekte wie Selbstverständnis, Identität und Authentizität von Interesse. Die interdisziplinäre Studie untersucht Chancen und Risiken der nichtmedizinischen Bioelektronik. Sie erörtert die technisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Grundlagen, analysiert gesellschaftliche, ethische und rechtliche Aspekte und präsentiert Empfehlungen., TA-Swiss, 78, ISBN:978-3-7281-4138-5, ISBN:978-3-7281-4137-8

Background The Sense of Coherence (SOC) construct has been used worldwide in oral health research, but rigorous factor analyses of the scale are scarce. We aim to test the dimensional structure of the Brazilian short version of the SOC scale with 13 items. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of four independent cross-sectional Brazilian studies on oral health, using the 13-items SOC scale. Sample 1 was conducted on 1760 mothers and 1771 adolescents. Sample 2 comprised 1100 adults. Sample 3 had 720 adults and older individuals. Sample 4 comprised 664 adolescent students. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted on sample 1 to compare two models: 3-factor versus 1-factor. Because they were refuted, Exploratory Factor Analysis was implemented in samples 2 and 3. Modified models were tested in sample 4 using CFA. All analyses were conducted with MPlus version 7.11. Results CFA of sample 1 resulted in an unacceptable fit (RMSEA = 0.12;CFI = 0.78; TLI = 0.73; and WRMR = 3.28) for 1-factor model and 3-factor (RMSEA = 0.10; CFI = 0.87; TLI = 0.84; and WRMR = 2.50). The EFA on samples 2 and 3 showed, respectively, two eigenvalues greater than 1 (4.11 and 1.56) and (4.32 and 1.42), but the scale items soc1, soc2 and soc3 formed an uninterpretable second factor. Another CFA, using sample 4, showed acceptable model fit after removing those three items and also soc11 (RMSEA = 0.05; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.99; and WRMR = 0.71). Conclusion The results indicate that the SOC-13 scale needs further adjustments. The one-factor model with nine items showed a good statistical fit, but the implications of excluding items should be further investigated, considering the scale's content validity, cross-cultural adaptation and theoretical background.

The recurrent characterization of the same bioactive compounds by filamentous fungi may cause lack of interest in the biotechnological issue as well as by the industry. The problem raised by researchers is mainly in the form of the standard cultivation process. Many of these fungal microorganisms cannot express their genes and, consequently, do not synthesise new compounds. With this, it is necessary to identify which fungal bioactive metabolites have been characterized so that new compounds can be isolated. Therefore, the aim of this work was to make a survey through the steps of systematic literature review of fungal metabolites isolated and characterized by Fusarium genus. Scielo, Scopus, Lilacs, WebofScience and Medline were used to identify articles published between the years and 1991 to 2020. The key words "Fusarium", "metabolite" and "antimicrobial" were used to separate each article that fit the question established in this work: "Which fungal metabolites isolated and characterized of Fusarium genus that present antimicrobial potential?". After an initial search, 7967 scientific articles were found from all databases. Despite this number, only 438 articles presented bioactive metabolites extracted from the genus. Then, the steps of the systematic review were performed. 64 articles were identified to extract the data. In all, 57 metabolites with antifungal and antibacterial potential were found. Among these, the compounds of the classes quinones and non-ribosomal peptides were the most characterized. Finally, the present work brings a register of bioactive compounds synthesized during the last 30 years to optimize the search for new metabolites produced by the genus Fusarium La caracterización recurrente de los mismos compuestos bioactivos por parte de los hongos filamentosos puede causar desinterés en el tema biotecnológico así como por parte de la industria. El problema planteado por los investigadores se centra principalmente en la forma del proceso de cultivo estándar. Muchos de estos microorganismos fúngicos no pueden expresar sus genes y, en consecuencia, no sintetizan nuevos compuestos. Con ello, es necesario identificar qué metabolitos bioactivos fúngicos se han caracterizado para poder aislar nuevos compuestos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue hacer un estudio a través de los pasos de la revisión sistemática de la literatura de los metabolitos fúngicos aislados y caracterizados por el género Fusarium. Se utilizaron Scielo, Scopus, Lilacs, WebofScience y Medline para identificar los artículos publicados entre los años 1991 y 2020. Se utilizaron las palabras clave "Fusarium", "metabolito" y "antimicrobiano" para separar cada uno de los artículos que se ajustaban a la pregunta establecida en este trabajo: "¿Qué metabolitos fúngicos aislados y caracterizados del género Fusarium presentan potencial antimicrobiano?". Tras una búsqueda inicial, se encontraron 7967 artículos científicos en todas las bases de datos. Apesar de este número, sólo 438 artículos presentaron metabolitos bioactivos extraídos del género. A continuación, se realizaron los pasos de la revisión sistemática. Se identificaron 64 artículos para extraer los datos. En total, se encontraron 57 metabolitos con potencial antifúngico y antibacteriano. Entre ellos, los compuestos de las clases quinonas y péptidos no ribosomales fueron los más caracterizadas. Finalmente, el presente trabajo aporta un registro de compuestos bioactivos sintetizados durante los últimos 30 años para optimizar la búsqueda de nuevos metabolitos producidos por el género Fusarium A caracterização recorrente dos mesmos compostos bioativos por fungos filamentosos podem causar desinteresse na questão biotecnológica como também por parte da indústria. O problema levantado por pesquisadores está, principalmente, na forma do processo padrão de cultivo. Pois, muitos desses microrganismos fúngicos não conseguem expressar seus genes e, consequentemente, não sintetizam novos compostos. Com isso, é preciso identificar quais metabólitos fúngicos bioativos foram caracterizados para que novos compostos sejam isolados. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi fazer um levantamento através das etapas de revisão sistemática da literatura de metabólitos fúngicos isolados e caracterizados por gênero Fusarium. Scielo, Scopus, Lilacs, WebofScience e Medline foram utilizadas para identificar artigos publicados entre os anos e 1991 a 2020. As palavras chaves "Fusarium", "metabolite" e "antimicrobial" foram utilizadas para separar cada um artigo que se encaixavam na pergunta estabelecida neste trabalho: "Quais metabólitos fúngicos isolados e caracterizados de gênero Fusarium que apresentam potencial antimicrobiano?". Após uma busca inicial, foram encontrados 7967 artigos científicos de todas as bases de dados. Apesar desse número, apenas 438 artigos apresentaram metabólitos bioativos extraídos do gênero. Em seguida, realizou-se as etapas da revisão sistemática. 64 artigos foram identificados para extrair os dados. Ao todo, encontrou-se 57 metabólitos com potencial antifúngico e antibacteriano. Dentre esses, os compostos das classes quinonas e peptídeos não ribossomais foram os mais caracterizados. Por fim, o presente trabalho traz um registro de compostos bioativos sintetizados durante os últimos 30 anos para otimizar o caminho na busca por novos metabólitos produzidos pelo gênero Fusarium.

Das Argumentieren ist eine der wichtigsten juristischen kommunikativen Handlungen und zugleich ein Phänomen, das nicht ohne seine logische und sprachliche Seite gedacht werden kann. Argumente als sprachlich-logische Entitäten sind entsprechend auch von den sie umgebenden Diskursen sowie von bestimmten medialen Entstehungsbedingungen abhängig. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund die Argumentation im Schweizer Recht mit besonderem Fokus auf etwaige Veränderungen innerhalb der letzten 100 Jahre. Hierfür wird eine korpuslinguistisch-diskursanalytische Methode angewendet, die auf Basis logischer und linguistischer Vorarbeiten argumentative Konstanten und Dynamiken innerhalb von Bundesgerichtsentscheiden und Botschaften des Bundesrats analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass bestimmte Charakteristika der juristischen Argumentation seit den 1970er bzw. 1980er Jahren in einem kontinuierlichen Wandel begriffen sind; dies wirft die Frage auf, ob und inwiefern es sich dabei um Auswirkungen der (zeitlich weit gefassten) Digitalisierung handelt. Argumentation is one of the most important legal communicative acts and at the same time a phenomenon that cannot be thought of without its logical and linguistic side. Arguments as linguistic-logical entities are accordingly also dependent on the discourses surrounding them as well as on certain media conditions of origin. Against this background, this article examines argumentation in Swiss law with a special focus on possible changes within the last 100 years. For this purpose, a corpus-linguistic discourse-analytical method is applied, which analyses argumentative constants and dynamics within Federal Court Decisions and Federal Council Messages on the basis of logical and linguistic preliminary work. It is apparent that certain characteristics of legal reasoning have been in a state of continuous change since the 1970s or 1980s; this raises the question of whether and to what extent these are effects of digitization (broadly defined in time).

Purpose We hypothesized that due to its specific characteristics, the CasperTM RX carotid stent (CP) might be particularly suitable for venous sinus stenting (VSS) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). To test this theory, we compared it to the commonly used Precise Pro RXTM stent (PP). Methods A total of 15 patients with IIH (median age 28.7 years) were reviewed retrospectively. Technical aspects as well as peri- and postinterventional complication rates were examined in patients treated with CP (n = 10) and the PP (n = 5). Improvements in cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure (CSF OP), transstenotic pressure gradient (TSPG) and clinical symptoms were also assessed. Results Stent delivery was easier and more successful with the CP than the PP (difficult/failed stent delivery 0.0% versus 57.1%) and consequently achieved with less attempts (≥ 2: 0.0% versus 40.0%). No severe peri- or postinterventional complications or instances of in-stent thrombosis and/or stenosis were observed during follow-up. Improvement of CSF OP and TSPG immediately after VSS as well as at 6‑month follow-up was comparable between the CP and PP group. Both groups showed substantial and similar decreases in intensity and frequency of headache. Almost all patients with other IIH-related symptoms showed either improvement or complete resolution of those symptoms after VSS. All patients who were available for interview (n = 12/15) reported a substantial improvement in quality of life. Conclusion VSS using the CP seems to be safe and effective. The CP may reduce the risk of difficult or failed stent delivery in patients with challenging intracranial venous anatomy.

Phytomedicines such as valerian and St. John's wort are widely used for the treatment of sleeping disorders, anxiety and mild depression. They are perceived as safe alternatives to synthetic drugs, but limited information is available on the intestinal absorption and interaction with human intestinal microbiota of pharmacologically relevant constituents valerenic acid in valerian, and hyperforin and hypericin in St. John's wort. The intestinal permeability of these compounds and the antidepressant and anxiolytic drugs citalopram and diazepam was investigated in the Caco-2 cell model with bidirectional transport experiments. In addition, interaction of compounds and herbal extracts with intestinal microbiota was evaluated in artificial human gut microbiota. Microbiota-mediated metabolisation of compounds was assessed, and bacterial viability and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production were measured in the presence of compounds or herbal extracts. Valerenic acid and hyperforin were highly permeable in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Hypericin showed low-to-moderate permeability. An active transport process was potentially involved in the transfer of valerenic acid. Hyperforin and hypericin were mainly transported through passive transcellular diffusion. All compounds were not metabolized over 24 h in the artificial gut microbiota. Microbial SCFA production and bacterial viability was not substantially impaired nor promoted by exposure to the compounds or herbal extracts., Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 162, ISSN:0753-3322, ISSN:1950-6007

Reactive oxygen species are ubiquitous in cells, where they damage RNA and protein. While relief mechanisms, including effects on translation, have been described, whether ribosomes are functionally compromised by oxidation, and how this damage is mitigated, remains unknown. Here we show that cysteines in ribosomal proteins, including Rps26, are readily oxidized and rendered non-functional, which is exacerbated when yeast are exposed to H2O2. Oxidized Rps26 is released from ribosomes by its chaperone Tsr2, which allows for repair of the damaged ribosomes with newly made Rps26. Ribosomes containing damaged Rpl10 or Rpl23 are similarly repaired by their chaperones, Sqt1 and Bcp1. Ablation of this pathway impairs growth, which is exacerbated under oxidative stress. These findings reveal a novel mechanism for chaperone-mediated ribosome repair with implications for aging and health.One-Sentence SummaryChaperones repair thiol-oxidized ribosomes by release of damaged components and incorporation of newly made ribosomal proteins.

The curcusone natural products are complex diterpenes featuring a characteristic [6-7-5] tricyclic carbon skeleton similar to the daphnane and tigliane diterpenes. Among them, curcusones A-D demonstrated potent anticancer activity against a broad spectrum of human cancer cell lines. Prior to this study, no total synthesis of the curcusones was achieved and their anticancer mode of action remained unknown. Herein, we report our synthetic and chemoproteomics studies of the curcusone diterpenes that culminate in the first total synthesis of several curcusone natural products and identification of BRCA1-associated ATM activator 1 (BRAT1) as a cellular target. Our efficient synthesis is highly convergent, builds upon cheap and abundant starting materials, features a thermal [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement and a novel FeCl(3)-promoted cascade reaction to rapidly construct the critical cycloheptadienone core of the curcusones, and led us to complete the first total synthesis of curcusones A and B in only 9 steps, C and D in 10 steps, and dimericursone A in 12 steps. The chemical synthesis of dimericursone A from curcusones C and D provided direct evidence to support the proposed Diels-Alder dimerization and cheletropic elimination biosynthetic pathway. Using an alkyne-tagged probe molecule, BRAT1, an important but previously “undruggable” oncoprotein, was identified as a key cellular target via chemoproteomics. We further demonstrate for the first time that BRAT1 can be inhibited by curcusone D, resulting in impaired DNA damage response, reduced cancer cell migration, potentiated activity of the DNA damaging drug etoposide, and other phenotypes similar to BRAT1 knockdown.

As práticas de saúde são fortemente influenciadas pela transição para a vida adulta, estresse e ansiedade, todos presentes na rotina de universitários, o que pode comprometer o autocuidado deles. Descrevemos as práticas de autocuidado de alunos residentes em um Centro Universitário privado e confessional localizado na zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada em março e abril de 2019 através de um questionário enviado por meio digital. Foi realizada uma análise descritiva e os resultados apresentados em frequência absoluta e relativa. Participaram do estudo 114 universitários, a maioria do sexo feminino, de 18 a 21 anos, membros da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia, estudavam no período matutino nos cursos de Ciências Humanas e Biológicas, com atividade laboral de 30 horas semanais. Dentre as práticas positivas destacaram-se: realização de 3 refeições diárias com consumo frequente de frutas, verduras e legumes; baixa ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, situação vacinal atualizada. As seguintes práticas tiveram índices desfavoráveis: ingestão hídrica, exercício físico, sono, higiene pessoal, acompanhamento médico e odontológico. Apesar de várias práticas necessitarem ser melhoradas, quando comparadas com outros universitários, o grupo estudado apresentou bons resultados, acredita-se que estes podem ser atribuídos em parte ao ambiente de moradia estudantil e ao aspecto religioso dos universitários.