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У статті досліджується природа державної реєстрації та ліцензування юридичних осіб приватного права. На підставі аналізу норм, що регулюють реєстрацію новостворених суб’єктів права, наводиться висновок, що сутність реєстрації полягає у перевірці реєстратором здатності юридичної особи формувати та самостійно реалізовувати власну волю. Природа ж ліцензування визначається як діяльність компетентних органів щодо встановлення на підставі визначених законодавством юридичних фактів рівня розвитку волі суб’єкта права. This article analyses the legal nature of state registration and licensing of private law legal entities. The author determines that during a state registration of a legal entity a registrar establishes its ability to generate and realize its own will. And the licensing means a proof of sufficient level of legal entity will and submitting on this basis to it an additional content of administrative capacity. В статье исследуется природа государственной регистрации и лицензирования юридических лиц частного права. На основании анализа норм, регулирующих регистрацию вновь созданных субъектов права, приводится вывод, что сущность регистрации заключается в проверке регистратором способности юридического лица формировать и самостоятельно реализовывать свою волю. Природа же лицензирования определяется как деятельность компетентных органов по установлению на основании определенных законодательством юридических фактов уровня развития воли субъекта права.

Several port authorities have been established for the purpose of management, construction and operation of ports open to public traffic of regional and local significance within the Adriatic regions in Croatia. In legal terms, the Region independently decides on the appropriate, best model of management of ports of regional and local significance. The management of ports plays a special role because the ports the primary benchmarks of development of the maritime economy. In the paper the authors analyse the status of the port authorities from the institutional and economic aspects and explain their technical-technological and organizational-economic structure. The paper also researches and analyses the port authorities' level of development, level of integration, project opportunities and the compliance of all the factors in the structure of the port and its surroundings. The operating result of a regional port authority is the indicator of its success, the role and importance it has for the port, traffic and economic system both at the national level and within the scope of the competitive transport market. The authors analyze the operations of port authorities of the Region of Istria and determine the significance of the administrative capacity and the effects on the improvement and development of port infrastructure. Measures are proposed for the improvement of knowledge and of the effects of the operating process.

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, İç Anadolu Bölgesi (Türkiye) ve Arizona Eyaleti (Amerika Birleşik Devletleri)?nde nüfusu 100.000 ile 250.000 arasında yer alan belediyelerin yönetsel kapasitelerini karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirmek ve elde edilen veriler çerçevesinde ilgili belediyelere yönetsel kapasitelerini geliştirmelerini sağlayacak çeşitli önerilerde bulunmaktır. Yerel yönetimlere ve özellikle de en önemli yerel yönetim birimi olan belediyelere verilen görev ve sorumlulukların gün geçtikçe artması, belediyelerin bu görev ve sorumlulukları yerine getirebilecek yönetsel kapasiteye sahip olup olmadığının tartışılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, `belediyelerin kendilerine verilen hizmetleri yerine getirmelerini sağlayacak fiziksel, finansal, insan ve bilgi kaynaklarını düzenleme, geliştirme ve yönetme yeteneği? olarak tanımlanan yönetsel kapasite kavramı İç Anadolu Bölgesi?nde ve Arizona Eyaleti?nde araştırmaya konu olan belediyelerde, belediye yöneticileri ile gerçekleştirilen mülakatlar, yöneticilerin algılarını ölçen anket çalışması ve belediyelerden elde edilen çeşitli veriler çerçevesinde insan kaynakları yönetimi, mali yönetim, bilgi teknolojileri yönetimi ve sermaye yönetimi olmak üzere dört yönetsel kapasite bileşeni kapsamında karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Anahtar Sözcükler: Yönetsel Kapasite, Belediyeler, Arizona Eyaleti, İç Anadolu Bölgesi. The aim of this study is to compare administrative capacity of the municipalities with population of 100.000 to 250.000 in Central Anatolia (Turkey) and Arizona State (the United States of America), and to make recommendations for improving the administrative capacity of them accordingly. Increased duties and responsibilities of local governments and particularly municipalities as the most important local government units bring about the debate whether municipalities possess enough administrative capacity to fulfil these duties and responsibilities. In this context, the concept of administrative capacity is defined as `municipalities? ability to regulate, develop and manage the physical, financial, human and information resources allocated to them for offering their services?. Data was collected from sample municipalities in Central Anatolia Region of Turkey and Arizona State by means of interviews with municipal leaders, questionnaires about their perceptions and within the scope of various information obtained municipalities. The municipalities in this study were compared in four components of administrative capacity such as human resources management, financial management, information technologies management and capital management in the light of the collected data.Key Words Administrative Capacity, Municipalities, Arizona State, Central Anatolia Region. 338

У статті на підставі аналізу нормативних конструкцій, які регулюють процедури створення різних видів юридичних осіб приватного права, здійснюється спроба встановити правову природу адміністративних заборон окремим категоріям громадян бути засновником чи учасником юридичних осіб. Також надається харак-теристика типу адміністративно-правового регулювання вказаних відносин. The article is devoted to the analysis of legal constructions establishes numerous restrictions for individuals who implement their rights in the areas of creation of legal entities of private law and possession of their corporate rights. This author attempts to explore the characteristics of the restrictions provided for by national law, and find out their administrative and legal nature. In particular, the author has been investigated regulatory structures that establish direct or indirect prohibitions for different categories of individuals to be a founder or a member of legal entities of private law.

У статті на підставі аналізу чинного законодавства та характеристик понять “адміністративна правосуб’єктність” і “адміністративна правоздатність” здійснюється спроба виділити вичерпний перелік видів адміністративної правосуб’єктності юридичних осіб приватного права. Based on an analysis of current legislation and the characteristics of the concepts of “administrative legal personality” and “administrative capacity”, the article makes an attempt to provide an exhaustive list of tipes of private law legal entities administrative legal personality.

Chinese Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Africa is on the rise and Ethiopia is at the forefront of this trend. On request of the Government, the World Bank surveyed 69 Chinese enterprises doing business in Ethiopia with a 95-question survey in May/June 2012. The survey covered various aspects of the foreign direct investment climate in Ethiopia, including infrastructure, sales and supplies, land, crime, competition, finance, human resources, and questions about general opportunities and constraints for doing business in Ethiopia. This report summarizes the results of survey and provides policy suggestions in light of the analysis; the report also provides some broader background of the expected benefits of FDI into Ethiopia as well as current policies and approaches to promote incoming investment. Addressing identified obstacles could help Ethiopia to take better advantage of foreign investors in order to accelerate the shift from a predominantly low-productivity agriculture-based economy towards a higher-productivity manufacturing and export-based economy. Experiences in successful countries around the world, and especially East Asia show that foreign investment is instrumental to facilitate such a structural transformation and to maintain sustained and broad-based economic development. This study recommends five main areas for policy adjustments to facilitate foreign investors coming into Ethiopia: adjust customs clearance procedures and trade regulations; facilitate currency convertibility and increase transparency of the exchange rate policy; improve tax administration consistency and efficacy; execute impartial labor regulation; and increase the supply and quality of skilled workers.

The stalemate between domestic political forces continues to impede reforms while the ongoing Syrian conflict is imposing a security, political, and economic toll on Lebanon. The stalemate in the executive and legislative branches of government remains an impediment to reforms. Important bills, regulations and appointments are still pending in cabinet and Parliament. This deadlock could well last until the June 2013 Parliamentary elections. The Syrian crisis is fueling political divide among sectarian lines in Lebanon, leading to sporadic violence incidents across the country. These incidents have materially impacted the economy, with sectors such as tourism strongly affected. Politically, the turmoil has sparked social unrest and overshadowed the reform drive. To tackle the situation, the government devised a minimum political understanding to restore order in the country. Political backing for a large security operation has also been given; results have yet to fully materialize. The fiscal deficit and public debt positions remain major challenges for the Lebanese economy. The fiscal deficit deteriorated somewhat during the first half of the year. Notwithstanding this slight widening of the fiscal balance, public debt continues its recent downward trend. Rising international commodity prices and the Syrian crisis are adding further pressure on both trade and current account deficits.

This paper focused on the delivery mechanisms for bilateral, multi-lateral, host government subsidy, and consumer cross-subsidy funding to enhance private sector investment. However, the specific source of funds is not deemed to be especially relevant for the purposes of this working paper. Focus on some of the useful characteristics of Output-Based Aid (OBA) experience to date that may be relevant. Propose an option for how OBA experience could be used to deliver national and programmatic supports to projects in middle- and low-income countries in coordination with other multi-lateral development bank instruments such as concessional loans and credits. This working paper does not: specifically address strengths and weaknesses of the clean development mechanism and only briefly touches on issues with using carbon finance in the current market. Carry out an assessment of experience with feed-in tariffs or advanced market commitments, or indeed other results orientated schemes.

This paper studies the optimal public investment decisions in countries experiencing a resource windfall. To do so, we use an augmented version of the Permanent Income framework with public investment faced with adjustment costs capturing the associated administrative capacity as well as government direct transfers. A key assumption is that those adjustment costs rise with the size of the resource windfall. The main results from the analytical model are threefold. First, a larger resource windfall commands a lower level of public capital but a higher level of redistribution through transfers. Second, weaker administrative capacity lowers the increase in optimal public capital following a resource windfall. Third, higher total factor productivity in the non-resource sector reduces the degree of des-investment in public capital commanded by weaker administrative capacity. We further extend our basic model to allow for "investing in investing" - that is public investment in administrative capacity - by endogenizing the adjustment cost in public investment. Results from the numerical simulations suggest, among other things, that a higher initial stock of public administrative "know how" leads to a higher level of optimal public investment following a resource windfall. Implications for policy are discussed.

Kosovo is a small and young state that gained an interim United Nations (UN)-administered status in the wake of the Dayton peace accord only in 1999; it declared independence in 2008. Compared to neighboring countries, it is still lacking in its basic infrastructure and its administrative and technical skills. In addition, with the onset of the War in Yugoslavia in 1992 most investment and normal maintenance came to a standstill. Much of the publicly owned infrastructure fell into disrepair or was vandalized, but private investments led to a construction boom which, however, is leading to many environmental problems. The government is committed to reconstruction and to the development of a peaceful state. It also intends to align with EU policies. Thus, the study has the specific objectives to: (i) assist the government to improve its river basin planning and management by providing (for demonstration purposes) a replicable tool and simulation model for integrated river basin planning and management; and (ii) support the government in its identification of priority measures of structural and non-structural nature to help strengthen the water resources sector performance. The source(s) for the financing of the identified projects will need to be identified further by the Government as the World Bank has not committed to involvement in the sector.

The purpose of this paper is to study and describe Poland’s policy co-ordination system, demonstrate the decline in Polish administrative capacity over time, and attempt to find and explain institutionality- driven links between the two. For this purpose, three policy co-ordination systems were deconstructed, a mechanism for analysing that data created, and information on Poland’s administrative performance was collected. The study finds that some structural features within Poland’s hierarchical, amalgamated co-ordination system can foster incentives to suppress the improvement of its own public administration.

Several East Asian countries, in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, are considering an expansion of their social safety net programs. In many cases, existing delivery mechanisms for social assistance in the region tend to be basic, in line with the small size of programs. In a context of coverage expansion and proliferation of new programs, the risk of creating increasingly complex systems characterized by cross-incentives is high. Lack of coordination, ambiguous criteria for identifying and selecting beneficiaries, low administrative capacity, lack of transparency and limited beneficiary participation pose risks for program effectiveness and can decrease accountability. Good governance can improve program outcomes through effective program coordination, stronger accountability arrangements, provider incentives and greater transparency and participation. This paper proposes an analytical framework to systematically identify governance risks and constraints which, if removed, could improve the outcomes of modern social assistance programs.

Developing countries have responded to the multiple shocks from the food, fuel and finance crises of 2008-2009 with a mix of responses aimed at both mitigating the immediate impacts of the crises on households (and particularly children), and protecting future investments in human capital. While some countries have introduced new safety net programs, others have modified and/or expanded existing ones. Since many countries have introduced conditional cash transfers (CCTs) in recent years, these programs have been used as an important starting point for a response. This paper aims to describe how conditional cash transfers have been used by different countries to respond to the crises (e.g. by expanding coverage and/or increasing benefit amounts), distill lessons about their effectiveness as crisis-response programs, identify design features that can facilitate their ability to respond to transient poverty shocks, and assess how they can complement other safety net programs.

For the last three years, Pakistan has been making efforts to revive strong and sustained growth. The economy was badly destabilized by the turmoil in the international commodity and financial markets in 2007-2008 and the lack of adequate domestic policy responses to manage those external shocks. The task of stabilizing the economy and reviving the economic recovery has been made difficult by an adverse security situation and domestic politics that has prevented the government from taking timely required, but difficult, stabilization measures. The devastating floods in July-August last year and the recent increase in international oil and food prices have exacerbated the problem. In addition, Pakistan continues to face significant political challenges in achieving durable development. The domestic security situation as a result of campaign against terrorism is a direct and indirect tax on the costs of economic activity and the achievement of the kinds of social stability required to promote a supportive environment for businesses.

Between 2000 and 2005 infrastructure made a modest net contribution of less than one percentage point to the improved per capita growth performance of the Central African Republic (CAR), despite high expenses in the road sector. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost annual growth by about 3.5 percentage points. Assuming that the inefficiencies are fully captured, comparing spending needs against existing spending and potential efficiency gains leaves an annual funding gap of $183 million per year. By far the largest gap exists in transport. The CAR has the potential to close this gap by raising additional public funding for infrastructure from increased fiscal receipts of various kinds. Furthermore, the CAR has not captured as much private finance for infrastructure (measured as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product, or GDP) as many of its neighbors. This scope for improvement, coupled with the prospect of an economic rebound and prudent policies, could lift the country from it fragile state back to and beyond the prosperity standards it once enjoyed.

Infrastructure improvements contributed 0.6 percentage points to the annual per capita growth of Zambia's gross domestic product (GDP) over the past decade, mostly because of the exponential growth of information and communication technology (ICT) services. Poor performance of the power sector reduced the per capita growth rate by 0.1 percentage point. Simulations suggest that if Zambia's infrastructure platform could be improved to the level of the African leader, Mauritius, per capita growth rates could increase by two percentage points per year. Zambia's high generation capacity and relatively high power consumption are accompanied by fewer power outages than its neighbors. But Zambia's power sector is primarily oriented toward the mining industry, while household electrification, at 20 percent, is about half that in other resource-rich countries. Zambia's power tariffs are among the lowest in Africa and are less than half the level needed to accelerate electrification and keep pace with mining sector demands. Meeting future power demands and raising electrification rates will be difficult without increasing power tariffs. Zambia's infrastructure situation is more hopeful than that of many other African countries. Infrastructure spending needs, though large, are not beyond the realm of possibility, and Zambia's resource wealth and relatively well-off population provide a more solid financing basis than is available to many other countries. Zambia's infrastructure funding gap, though substantial, can be dramatically reduced through measures to stem inefficiencies and lower costs.

Regulatory reform has emerged as an important policy area in developing countries. For reforms to be beneficial, regulatory regimes need to be transparent, coherent, and comprehensive. They must establish appropriate institutional frameworks and liberalized business regulations; enforce competition policy and law; and open external and internal markets to trade and investment. This report analyses the institutional set-up and use of regulatory policy instruments in Rwanda. It is one of five reports prepared on countries in East and Southern Africa (the others are on Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Zambia), and represents an attempt to apply assessment tools and the framework developed by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in its work on regulatory capacity and performance to developing countries.

This paper looks at the role and design of regulatory reform institutions in developing countries. These institutions are classified into four broad types: 1) regulatory reform units, commonly known in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries as oversight bodies for regulatory reform; 2) high-level committees for regulatory reform, established in some countries to leverage support and take decisions at a high political level; 3) advisory and/or advocacy bodies in charge of proposing improvements to the regulatory system by strengthening coordination and consultation mechanisms and by promoting the regulatory reform agenda; and 4) Ad hoc institutions for regulatory reform, established to launch regulatory reform efforts and to work on a single defined task or activity. This paper is divided into the following sections: section one briefly reviews the theoretical debate and literature about the role of institutions in facilitating higher economic growth, focusing in particular on regulatory institutions and their relevance in developing countries; section two discusses the main features of regulatory reform institutions at the center of government, namely regulatory oversight bodies, high level committees, advocacy and/ or advisory bodies and ad-hoc institutions for regulatory reform; and section three identifies the features of these institutions that are considered to be best practice. Section three also identifies and discusses lessons learned and the implications for establishing and operating such institutions in developing country contexts.

The aim of this study is to convince national and multilateral policy makers of the importance of the public sphere concept for democratic governance and strategic post-conflict assistance planning with the objective of positive and sustainable change in current post-conflict assistance policy and practice. The study introduces the conceptual thinking underlying the public sphere framework and, citing evidence from different countries, highlights its relevance and calls for its application in post-conflict environments. For practitioners the study provides a public sphere assessment toolkit and a toolbox for interventions. It also offers concrete examples and recommendations on how to address the specific governance challenges identified through a public sphere analysis in three countries: Timor-Leste, Liberia and Burundi.

This article discusses the process of alignment with taxation acquis in 12 new European Union (EU) member states (Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and Croatia. It analyses problems faced at the beginning of the process, developments along the road and the situation at the time these countries joined the EU. Since the administrative capacities of all these states were identified as their main problems, this article assesses the capacities of the administration in Croatia and, in particular, the tax administration. One of the conclusions is that at the beginning of its relationship with candidate countries, the European Commission was rather optimistic, while alignment proceeded slowly in all the countries. Notwithstanding the various deficiencies, the outcomes of all negotiations were ultimately successful. However, Croatia’ s alignment with taxation acquis has not only been slow, but has also lagged behind that of other countries at the same stage of negotiations. As the EU might be less forthcoming in its approach to Croatia than it was to the countries from the last accession wave, the Croatian government and tax administration should make much stronger efforts not only to speed up, but also to deepen, the necessary reforms.

El Sistema de Desarrollo Administrativo y sus alcances en la actual Ley de Administración Pública. Antes de la Ley 489 de 1998 las entidades de la Administración Pública no trabajaban en forma coordinada y la colaboración interinstitucional era deficiente, lo cual se ha corregido con la entrada en vigencia de la citada norma. Con la aplicación del Sistema de Desarrollo Administrativo creado por la Ley 489 de 1998, las entidades de la Administración Pública del Orden Nacional y Territorial, deben aplicar un conjunto de políticas, estrategias, metodologías, técnicas y mecanismos de carácter administrativo y organizacional para la gestión y manejo de sus recursos humanos, técnicos, materiales, físicos y financieros, tendientes a fortalecer su capacidad administrativa y su desempeño institucional. Las Políticas de Desarrollo Administrativo fueron plasmadas en el artículo 17 de la Ley 489 de 1998 y reagrupadas por el Decreto 3622 de 2005, en cinco ítems para su mejor comprensión y aplicación: 1) Política de Desarrollo del Talento Humano Estatal. 2) Política de Gestión de la Calidad 3) Política de Democratización de la Administración Pública. 4) Política de Moralización y Transparencia de la Administración Pública y 5) Política de Rediseños Organizacionales. Las anteriores políticas junto con el Plan Nacional de Formación y Capacitación constituyen los Fundamentos del Sistema de Desarrollo Administrativo de que trata el artículo 16 de la Ley 489 de 1998, las cuales se aplican actualmente en los 19 Sectores Administrativos de la Rama Ejecutiva del Orden Nacional. En el Orden Territorial la aplicación del Sistema de Desarrollo Administrativo ha sido parcial y los resultados aún no están consolidados. Nuestra investigación pretende que con el conocimiento claro del tema, a través de una adecuada planificación de los recursos de las entidades públicas, orientado a fortalecer la capacidad administrativa y el desempeño institucional de las entidades públicas, se administre mejor el Estado.

Mounting evidence suggests that excessive job protection reduces employment and labor market flows, hinders technological innovations, pushes workers into the informal sector, and hurts vulnerable groups by depriving them of job opportunities. Flexible labor markets stimulate job creation, investment, and growth, but they create job insecurity and displace some workers. How can the costs of such insecurity and displacements be minimized while ensuring that the labor market remains flexible? Each of the main unemployment income support systems (unemployment insurance, unemployment assistance, unemployment insurance savings accounts, severance pay, and public works) has strengths and weaknesses. Country-specific conditions, chief among them labor market and other institutions, the capacity to administer each type of system, and the size of the informal sector, determine which system is best suited to developing and transition countries.

This chapter summarizes the findings of the project of monitoring Croatian accession to the European Union. It draws particular attention to the challenges entailed in participation in the accession process and in relations with European countries, irrespective of Croatia's membership status. It tries to answer questions about: the place of Croatia in Europe; the problems of its economy; the nature of its political elite and the views of its citizens, and institutions' capacities to adapt to requirements of modern and open societies. Among the findings one could highlight: First, irrespective of the membership status, there are possibilities for Croatia to participate and even to try to act as leader in some fields (e.g. Adriatic Sea protection) and Croatian experts could participate in and contribute to the discussions of EU-relevant topics (e.g. European citizenship or communicating Europe). Second, high and stable distrust in the EU, rising unwillingness to join the EU and views concerning the EU that are more based on impressions than on utilitarian considerations might lead to a Croatian "no" to the EU in the final moment of decision. However, if the benefits of reforms are reaped even without joining the EU, this does not have to be a disaster for the country, although it could be a serious setback for the political elite. Third, adaptation of the capabilities of Croatian institutions is despite many improvements still the weakest spot. The progress of reforms has been limited and characterized by partiality, lack of strategies and still under strong political influences. The key words missing in almost all investigated fields are implementation, enforcement and action plans. As the end of negotiations will more depend on the implementation than on the mere adoption of EU requirements, Croatia should turn to an "as soon as ready" instead of an "as soon as possible" policy.

Este trabajo pretende analizar la epizootia de fiebre aftosa del invierno británico de 2001 desde el enfoque de la ciencia post-normal. Serán analizadas las participaciones de los diferentes actores sociales y las interacciones de las categorías: confianza, gobernanza, incertidumbre, valores e intereses. Todos estos factores formaron parte de una crisis que, por un lado, conjugó los intereses políticos de un gobierno en campaña electoral junto con los intereses económicos de un estado miembro de la Unión Europea y por el otro, los intereses de la población afectada junto con todos aquellos problemas relacionados con la salud y el medio ambiente. Las medidas tomadas para detener esta enfermedad 'económica' se transformaron en un verdadero experimento heterogéneo a gran escala social, un fenómeno típico de la modernidad que exige nuevas formas de abordar la ciencia y los procesos decisorios. This article aims at analyzing foot-and-mouth disease in the 2001 British winter according to post-normal science. We have analyzed the participation of different social agents and the interaction among the following categories: trust, reliability, administrative capacity, uncertainty, values and objectives. All these factors were part of a crisis that, on one hand assembled the political objectives of a government during campaign and the economic objectives of a European Union country, and on the other hand the needs of the population, affected by all the problems related to health and the environment. The steps taken to hold up this 'economic' disease became a really heterogeneous experiment in a large social scale, a typical phenomenon in modern times that demands new approaches to science and decision-making processes.

El concepto de eficiencia ha sido precisado y simplificado por los autores de la teoría clásica de la administración en el sentido de maximizar la producción de las organizaciones con los mínimos costos. En el presente artículo se analizará la eficiencia interna y global de las organizaciones de acuerdo con nuevos criterios adicionales que permitan estudiar el problema con un enfoque de mayor complejidad la naturaleza, fines y estructura de las organizaciones, entre ellos la incidencia del factor de este siglo denominado capacidad administrativa.

The UNFCCC requires REDD+ countries wishing to receive results-based payments to measure, report and verify (MRV) REDD+ impacts; and outlines technical guidelines and good governance requirements for MRV. This article examines institutional effectiveness of REDD+ MRV by assessing countries’ progress in implementing these technical guidelines and good governance requirements, from three dimensions. Ownership of technical methods examines whether countries own technical methods for forest area and area change measuring, and for estimating forest carbon stocks; and whether national MRV systems cover all forests, land uses and carbon pools. Administrative capacity examines development of administrative competence to implement MRV. Good governance examines whether countries espouses norms of good governance in their MRV systems. We apply these dimensions to assess and compare progress in 13 REDD+ countries, based on a review of national and international documents. Findings show that REDD+ countries have high to very high ownership of technical methods. However, majority ranks only low to moderate on administrative capacity and good governance. This means that although countries have started developing technical methods for MRV, they are yet to develop the competence necessary to administer MRV and to inculcate good governance in MRV. The article explain the scores and suggest ways of improving implementation of REDD+ MRV.

Resumo Introdução: Quanto maior a capacidade estatal, menor a corrupção? O presente trabalho testa a hipótese de que a capacidade estatal diminui os níveis de corrupção na América Latina no período entre os anos de 1996 e 2015. Materiais e Métodos: Para um teste de robustez, o nível de ausência da corrupção foi medido através de dois índices diferentes, o índice CPI da ONG Transparência Internacional e o índice CCI do Banco Mundial. A capacidade estatal foi medida através da arrecadação de impostos como porcentagem do PIB; a capacidade coercitiva do Estado foi medida através das despesas militares como porcentagem do PIB; a capacidade administrativa foi medida através do índice de qualidade burocrática do ICRG. Para os testes de hipóteses foram estimados dois painéis de dados PCSE, um com o CPI como variável dependente e outro com o CCI como variável dependente. Resultados: Os resultados sugerem que a principal hipótese foi confirmada: a capacidade estatal aumenta os níveis de ausência de corrupção, mesmo após o teste de robustez para as duas medidas de ausência de corrupção e com controles para possíveis determinantes políticas e socioeconômicas da corrupção sugeridas pela literatura. Entretanto, a medida de capacidade administrativa só obteve significância com o índice CCI como variável dependente. Discussão: Esta pesquisa irá contribuir para a literatura ao analisar um novo determinante da corrupção, a capacidade estatal, mostrando que esta deve ser incluída nos estudos que pretendem analisar suas causas. Abstract Introduction The greater the state capacity, the less corruption? This article tests the hypothesis that state capacity reduces levels of corruption in Latin America in the period between 1996 and 2015. Materials and methods For a robustness test, the level of absence of corruption was measured by two different indices, the CPI index of Transparency International and the CCI index of the World Bank. State capacity was measured through tax collection as a percentage of GDP; the State’s coercive capacity was measured by military expenditures as a percentage of GDP; administrative capacity was measured through the bureaucratic quality index of the ICRG. For the hypothesis tests two PCSE data panels were estimated, one with the CPI as dependent variable and another with the CCI as dependent variable. Results The results suggest that the main hypothesis was confirmed: the state capacity increases the levels of absence of corruption, even after the test of robustness for the two measures of absence of corruption and with controls for possible political and socioeconomic determinants of corruption suggested in the literature. However, the measure of administrative capacity only achieved significance with the CCI index as a dependent variable. Discussion This research will contribute to the literature when analyzing a new determinant of corruption, state capacity, showing that this should be included in the studies that intend to analyze its causes.

Целта на настоящата студия е да представи резултатите от проведено изследване на плановата практика на общините в България по разработване на планови документи за новия програмен период 2014–2020 г. Обект на изследване са общинските планове за развитие (ОПР) за периода 2014–2020 година на всички 264 общини в страната, а предмет – качеството на ОПР и прилагането на основополагащите планови принципи при изготвяне на стратегически документи за местно и регионално развитие. Изследването е базирано на разработен от авторския колектив набор от критерии, които осигуряват възможност за обективна оценка на качеството на общинските планове за развитие. Получените резултати са основа за извеждане на добри практики и изготвяне на препоръки за бъдещи действия, насочени към подобряване на стратегическия планов процес на ниво община, повишаване на координацията и кохезията между плановите документи от различни йерархични нива и създаване на национален орган с правомощия в областта на стратегическото планиране на регионалното развитие. Основната изследователска теза е, че общинските администрации у нас имат значителен потенциал за усъвършенстване и стандартизиране на плановите си процеси, което в дългосрочен аспект влияе върху регионалното развитие и възможностите за генериране на общински конкурентни предимства. The purpose of this study is to present the results of a survey conducted on the planning practices of municipalities in Bulgaria in the development of planning documents for the new programming period 2014-2020. The object of the study are the municipal development plans (MDPs) for 2014-2020 of all 264 municipalities within the country and the subject is the quality of the MDPs and the implementation of the fundamental planning principles in the preparation of strategic documents for local and regional development. The study is based on a set of criteria developed by the team of authors, which provides an opportunity for objective assessment of the quality of the MDPs. The results obtained are a basis for presenting some best practices and making recommendations for future actions, aimed at improving the strategic planning process at municipal level, increasing both the coordination and cohesion between the planning documents of different hierarchical levels and establishing a national body with prerogatives in the field of strategic planning of the regional development. The main research thesis is that the municipal administrations in our country have a significant potential for improvement and standardization of their planning processes, which in the long term influences regional development and the opportunities for generating municipal competitive advantages.

Regulation plays a central role in modern governance; yet, we have limited knowledge of how subjects of regulation—particularly, private actors—act in the face of potentially adverse regulatory decisions. Here, we document and examine a novel lobbying strategy in the context of competition regulation, a strategy that exploits the regulator’s finite administrative capacities. Companies with merger cases under scrutiny by the European Commission’s Directorate General for Competition appear to be employing a strategy of ‘spamming the regulator,’ through the strategic and cumulative submission of economic expert assessments. Procedural pressures may result in an undeservedly favourable assessment of the merger. Based on quantitative and qualitative analyses of an original dataset of all complex merger cases in the European Union 2005–2020, we present evidence of this new strategy and a possible learning process among private actors. We suggest remedies to ensure regulatory effectiveness in the face of this novel strategy.

This survey is pointed to the evaluation of the present capacity of the local authorities to the process of endogenous development. In particular, the focus is on public administration in North-Western Planning Region and its attitudes towards and perceptions of the existing process and future prospects of community-based development.

This paper is based on a research conducted among 80 administration groups of the executive authority. The aim of the survey was to measure the administrative capacity of those groups by 44 indicators. Respondents were selected according to the structure of the state administration formed by the number of employees in each unit of administration. The findings of the research were analysed by computing the average values of the scores of capacity; by employing average weighted values and by determining the uncertainty factor when assessing the capacity of different structures of state administration. We have designed a new, aggregate index for measuring administrative capacity – the Index of the administrative capacity of state administration for good governance. By employing that index, we are able to monitor the systematic progress in terms of current concepts about administrative capacity, applicable to the entire system of state administration.

This document contains the synopsis of activities and outcomes of Work Package 4 of INTENSSS-PA. It describes the methods and approach that were used, and it presents two main building blocks that constituted the experiential learning related to Integrated Sustainable Energy Planning (ISEP). The dynamic development of the project demanded a fair degree of flexibility of all partners, also those who were involved in organizing and capturing the learning experiences. The initial project approach, and the revised logic behind WP4, are described in section 2. Here we justify why we had to deviate from the initial approach, and how we ensured that we would nevertheless deliver the agreed outcomes. Then we continue by providing a brief overview of the learning experiences that took place within the Regional Living Labs (RLL’s) of INTENSSS-PA. In section 3 we present the first Building Block, which mainly relates to the content of the planning activities in the RLL’s. In section 4 we present the second Building Block, which mainly relates to the RLL approach as a process and what one can learn and earn from working in this way. The brief overview of the results was presented to the project partners during the final partner meeting of the project in Regione Calabria on June 28 2018. Here the project partners acknowledged the validity of the findings we presented. Therefore, we are confident to state that the results in this report are supported by the people who ran the RLL’s. Per sub-topic we have distilled a ‘key learning’. These key learnings can help INTENSSS-PA project partners to take their future ventures further, and support colleagues who are interested in working with a Regional Living Lab approach. Furthermore, other professionals and organizations can use these learnings to improve their projects or their regular everyday work. All in all, this document provides insights into how to run a Regional Living Lab for Integrated Sustainable Energy Planning. It shows what one can learn from this, and how one can capture this experiential learning. We hope that professionals and organizations in other (national) contexts will benefit from the experiences from INTENSSS-PA.

Literature acknowledges the importance of the administrative capacity for experiencing high levels of Structural Funds (SF) absorption. By defining the administrative capacity in terms of institutional quality and political management performance, the main purpose of this article is to analyse the impact of administrative capacity on the European Funds absorption level in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC), given that they were facing common transformations during the transition period, as well as the impact of SF on development, controlling for the absorption level. Multiple regression analysis was used for testing the impact of administrative capacity on the absorption level during the 2007-2015 period, on the one hand, but also for estimating the impact of SF on development, on the other. The results showed that institutional quality and management performance have positively influenced absorption rates and that SF have managed to support economic development. Given that despite the learning process and the reforms carried out during the previous programming periods the CEEC are still lagging behind in terms of absorption under the current programming period, increasing efforts for improving their administrative capacity is required in order to ease cohesion policy implementation and boost their development.

Целта на настоящата студия е да представи резултатите от проведено изследване на административния капацитет на областните управи в България. Предметът на изследване е вътрешноорганизационното функциониране на областните администрации в светлината на концепцията за непрекъснато усъвършенстване на работните процеси и повишаване на административния капацитет. Изследването е базирано на разработена от авторския колектив обективна методика, включваща многокритериална система за оценка на административния капацитет. Получените резултати са основа за извеждане на добри практики и изготвяне на препоръки за бъдещи действия, насочени към създаване на стандарти за качество и ефективност на процесите в тези териториални структури. Основната изследователска теза е, че публичният сектор у нас има значителен потенциал за усъвършенстване и стандартизиране на вътрешноорганизационните си процеси, което в дългосрочен аспект влияе не само върху качеството на предоставяните публични услуги, но и върху регионалното развитие. The purpose of this study is to present the results of a research conducted on the administrative capacity of district administrations in Bulgaria. The object of the study is the internal organizational functioning of district administrations in terms of the concept of continuously improving the work processes and increasing the administrative capacity. The study is based on an objective methodology developed by the team of authors, which includes a multicriterial system for administrative capacity assessment. The results obtained are a basis for presenting some best practices and making recommendations for future activities aimed at setting standards for quality and efficiency of the processes in these territorial structures. The main research thesis is that Bulgarian public sector has a significant potential for improvement and standardization of its internal organizational processes, which in the long term affects not only the quality of the public services provided, but also the district development.