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Current economic and ecological analyses of the various processes available for recovery of minerals from seawater favor ion exchange and sorption technology. The steam power stations in some countries which border the sea use seawater for cooling the turbine stream. Traditional methods for producing magnesium by processing hydromineral sources fail to satisfy the newer ecological standards. Potassium is the fourth most abundant macroelement in the sea. It is produced on a small scale from seawater by evaporation and crystallization methods. The ion-exchange capacity of clinoptilolite in extracting potassium from seawater reaches a value of 30 mg/g, which far exceeds the capacity values quoted for the much more costly zirconium phosphate. The air-stripping production of bromine from seawater is effective only under relatively high seawater temperatures and sufficient bromine concentration.

Cancer recurrence remains a great fear for many cancer survivors following their initial, apparently successful, therapy. Despite significant improvement in the overall survival of many types of cancer, metastasis accounts for ~90% of all cancer mortality. There is a growing understanding that future therapeutic practices must accommodate this unmet medical need in preventing metastatic recurrence. Accumulating evidence supports dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) as a source of cancer recurrence and recognizes the need for novel strategies to target these tumor cells. This review presents strategies to target dormant quiescent DTCs that reside at secondary sites. These strategies aim to prevent recurrence by maintaining dormant DTCs at bay, or eradicating them. Various approaches are presented, including: reinforcing the niche where dormant DTCs reside in order to keep dormant DTCs at bay; promoting cell intrinsic mechanisms to induce dormancy; preventing the engagement of dormant DTCs with their supportive niche in order to prevent their reactivation; targeting cell-intrinsic mechanisms mediating long-term survival of dormant DTCs; sensitizing dormant DTCs to chemotherapy treatments; and, inhibiting the immune evasion of dormant DTCs, leading to their demise. Various therapeutic approaches, some of which utilize drugs that are already approved, or have been tested in clinical trials and may be considered for repurposing, will be discussed. In addition, clinical evidence for the presence of dormant DTCs will be reviewed, along with potential prognostic biomarkers to enable the identification and stratification of patients who are at high risk of recurrence, and who could benefit from novel dormant DTCs targeting therapies. Finally, we will address the shortcomings of current trial designs for determining activity against dormant DTCs and provide novel approaches.

To synthesize literature exploring the expectations of millennial nurses and factors that influence their retention.Long-anticipated nursing shortages are happening nationwide in part from boomer retirements. These supply issues are expected to worsen because of an aging population who will require complex healthcare going forward. Millennial nurse turnovers, however, represent the biggest threat to supply.This extensive literature review was conducted following published guidelines. Thirteen publications regarding millennials' expectations of work were analyzed.Millennials expect strong leadership, advancement opportunities, alignment of organizational and personal values, good coworker relationships, healthy work-life balance, recognition, and cutting-edge technology.Millennials have specific expectations for work, and they will leave if these go unmet. Findings from this review provide valuable insight into this generation of nurses to help leaders create appropriate retention strategies. The limited literature on this topic highlights the need for more research.

Objective To synthesize literature exploring the expectations of millennial nurses and factors that influence their retention. Background Long-anticipated nursing shortages are happening nationwide in part from boomer retirements. These supply issues are expected to worsen because of an aging population who will require complex healthcare going forward. Millennial nurse turnovers, however, represent the biggest threat to supply. Methods This extensive literature review was conducted following published guidelines. Thirteen publications regarding millennials' expectations of work were analyzed. Results Millennials expect strong leadership, advancement opportunities, alignment of organizational and personal values, good coworker relationships, healthy work-life balance, recognition, and cutting-edge technology. Conclusions Millennials have specific expectations for work, and they will leave if these go unmet. Findings from this review provide valuable insight into this generation of nurses to help leaders create appropriate retention strategies. The limited literature on this topic highlights the need for more research.

Understanding the spatial organization of tissues is of critical importance for both basic and translational research. While recent advances in tissue imaging are opening an exciting new window into the biology of human tissues, interpreting the data that they create is a significant computational challenge. Cell segmentation, the task of uniquely identifying each cell in an image, remains a substantial barrier for tissue imaging, as existing approaches are inaccurate or require a substantial amount of manual curation to yield useful results. Here, we addressed the problem of cell segmentation in tissue imaging data through large-scale data annotation and deep learning. We constructed TissueNet, an image dataset containing >1 million paired whole-cell and nuclear annotations for tissue images from nine organs and six imaging platforms. We created Mesmer, a deep learning-enabled segmentation algorithm trained on TissueNet that performs nuclear and whole-cell segmentation in tissue imaging data. We demonstrated that Mesmer has better speed and accuracy than previous methods, generalizes to the full diversity of tissue types and imaging platforms in TissueNet, and achieves human-level performance for whole-cell segmentation. Mesmer enabled the automated extraction of key cellular features, such as subcellular localization of protein signal, which was challenging with previous approaches. We further showed that Mesmer could be adapted to harness cell lineage information present in highly multiplexed datasets. We used this enhanced version to quantify cell morphology changes during human gestation. All underlying code and models are released with permissive licenses as a community resource.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effects of generational membership on nurse managers' (NMs') perception of their practice environment and job satisfaction using the Nurse Manager Practice Environment Scale (NMPES). BACKGROUND Boomers, Generation Xers, and millennials make up the NM workforce. Each has specific perceptions and expectations for their practice environment and job satisfaction. Little is known about these differences. METHODS A secondary analysis of NM survey data was conducted using descriptive statistics and multiple regression to identify the impact of generation on NMs' perception of their practice environment and satisfaction. RESULTS Generational membership did not significantly impact NMPES or job satisfaction scores, but the practice environment was a strong predictor of these outcomes. CONCLUSION Generational membership did not impact NMs' satisfaction for this sample, but the practice environment did. Further research is needed to examine additional factors that influence NM satisfaction and retention.