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Purpose: to determine preoperative SPECT-CT localization of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in women with cervical cancer. Materials and methods: SPECT-CT visualization of SLN was performed in 44 women with clinical stage IB-IIB cervical cancer. SPECT-CT examinations started 120-240 min after peritumoural injections of 99mTc-radiocolloids (200-300MBq in 0.4-1ml). All visualized LNs with uptake of radiocolloids were regarded as SLN. In all women we determined topography of SLN and lymph-flow patterns. Results: SLN were successfully visualized in 93.1% cases (41/44 women). The bilateral pattern of lymph flow was mentioned in 26 (63.4%), monolateral - in 15 (36.5%) cases. SLN localized in external iliac region in 25 (60.9%), internal iliac - in 14 (34.1%), obturator - in 22 (53.6%), presacral - in 1 (2.4%), common iliac region - in 21 (53,8%) cases. Uptake of radiocolloids in paraaortal lymph nodes was mentioned in 14 (34.1%) women Conclusion: SPECT-CT visualization of SLN can give important information for surgery and radiotherapy planning.

A significant part of the knee joint (KJ) damages comprise the lesions of its menisci. Both traumatic and degenerative menisci damages are frequent indications for surgical treatment. In the available literature there are a few articles devoted to the study of the KJ function when walking before and after meniscus resection. We have studied the biomechanical changes characteristic of KJ meniscus damage, before and after surgical treatment. The study included 24 patients who were operated on for meniscus rupture of both traumatic and degenerative nature. During the arthroscopic intervention, we performed a meniscus resection within the damaged unstable tissues. In the postoperative period all patients received rehabilitation treatment. The control group included 20 healthy adults (14 males and 6 females). The median age was 29.7 years. The biomechanics of gait was studied: the time of the step cycle, movements in the hip joints (HJ) and KJ in three mutually perpendicular planes and shock loads during walking. The time characteristics of the step cycle remain normal both before and after surgery. The load on the affected limb increases in the postoperative period. The amplitude of movements in HJ and KJ is reduced before treatment and restored after it. KJ meniscus damage does not lead to a significant change in the biomechanics of walking. The recorded parameters of the step cycle do not change, i.e. the existing changes do not affect the time structure; 3 months after surgical treatment on the side of the lesion, shock loads increase to normal values, the amplitude of HJ extension, KJ flexion and rotational movements in it increases. The function of operated KJ was normalized in conditions of walking on a flat surface.

The main purpose of the study was to determine distribution of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with tongue cancer. SPECT-CT visualization of sentinel lymph nodes was performed in 19 primary patients with clinically T1-2N0M0 tongue cancer. SPECT-CT acquisition started 60-120 min after peritumoral injections of 99mTc-nannocolloids (100-150MBq in 0.3-0.4ml). Finally we analyzed lymph flow patterns and localization of lymph nodes with radiocolloids uptake. Bilateral lymph flow from the tongue cancer was detected in 9 (47%) of 19 patients. In 6 cases bilateral pattern was associated with tumors less than 5mm from medial sulcus of the tongue. On the contrary, in 9 of 10 patients with lesions more than 4mm from medial sulcus we detected monolateral lymph-flow. In 4 (21%) of 19 patients SPECT-CT visualized sentinel lymph nodes only in groups Ib-IIa. Modeling of radiotherapy with with standard and lymph-flow guided radiation fields was performed on Eclips treatment planning station. It demonstrated that with lymph-flow guided strategy irradiated volumes can be reduced from 1224 cm3 to 367 cm3, dose to spinal cord can be reduced from 24,7Gy to 14.3Gy, medial dose to contralateral parotid gland - from 24,6Gy to 12,4 Gy. SPECT-CT with radiocolloids can be successfully used for visualization of lymph flow from the primary tumour and subsequent radiotherapy planning.

Aim The aim of the present study was to determine the accuracy of single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) with technetium-99m-sestamibi (Tc-MIBI) for detecting multiple (>2 nodes) axillary lymph node involvement in patients with breast cancer (BC). Patients and methods A total of 184 women with BC were examined. Clinically, axillary lymph nodes were classified as N0 in all cases. Patients underwent SPECT-CT breast and axillary region imaging 10-15 min after a 740 mBq intravenous injection of Tc-MIBI. SPECT-CT data were then verified by definitive histopathological examination (sentinel-node biopsy and/or axillary lymph node dissection were used as reference standard). Diagnostic values of different CT and SPECT signs of multiple (>2) lymph node involvement were evaluated. Results Histological examination of excised lymph nodes showed metastatic involvement in 62 (33.7%) out of 184 patients. In fact, 25 (13.6%) patients had more than two lymph node involvements. In another 37 (20.1%) cases the metastasis was revealed in one or two sentinel lymph nodes only. The main SPECT-CT criteria of multiple (>2) lymph node involvement were as follows: the maximum size of the primary tumor (>20 mm), lymph node dimensions (>12 mm along the long axis and >10 mm along the short axis), nodal cortical thickness (>4 mm), round shape, solid structure, quantity of identified abnormal lymph nodes (>1), and intensity of tracer uptake. The developed integrated model offers the possibility to exclude multiple lymph node metastasis (>2) in BC patients with a probability of 99%. Conclusion This single-center study showed that in patients with BC, a combination of functional and anatomical data that were obtained by using SPECT-CT with Tc-MIBI can significantly improve detectability of multiple (>2) axillary metastases.

This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Support from Estonian Research Council grant PUT PRG 619 is gratefully acknowledged. The multi-anvil experiments at LMV were supported by the French Government Laboratory of Excellence initiative no ANR-10-LABX-0006, the Région Auvergne and the European Regional Development Fund (ClerVolc Contribution Number 478)., Electronic band structure in germanium nitride having spinel structure, γ-Ge3N4, was examined using two spectroscopic techniques, cathodoluminescence and synchrotron-based photoluminescence. The sample purity was confirmed by x-ray diffraction and Raman analyses. The spectroscopic measurements provided first experimental evidence of a large free exciton binding energy De≈0.30 eV and direct interband transitions in this material. The band gap energy Eg = 3.65 ± 0.05 eV measured with a higher precision was in agreement with that previously obtained via XES/XANES method. The screened hybrid functional Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) calculations of the electronic structure supported the experimental results. Based on the experimental data and theoretical calculations, the limiting efficiency of the excitation conversion to light was estimated and compared with that of w-GaN, which is the basic material of commercial light emitting diodes. The high conversion efficiency, very high hardness and rigidity combined with a thermal stability in air up to ~ 700 °C reveal the potential of γ-Ge3N4 for robust and efficient photonic emitters. © 2021, The Korean Institute of Metals and Materials. Published under the CC BY license., Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 633053; Eesti Teadusagentuur ANR-10-LABX-0006, PUT PRG 619; ERDF; Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia as the Center of Excellence has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD-01-2016-2017-TeamingPhase2 under grant agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.

In this study, ultraporous aluminas (UPA) were synthesized as new effective adsorbents for Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) removal from aqueous solutions. The UPA monoliths were grown via facile oxidation process, followed by isochronous annealing treatment in air at different temperatures, through which γ, θ, and α phase polycrystalline fibrous grains of UPA can be accordingly obtained. The experimental factors that affect the material adsorption performances including initial pH, contact time, and temperature were comprehensively studied by batch experiments. The RBBR adsorption isotherms of UPA(γ) and UPA(θ) powders were found almost identical, while UPA(α) powders showed low effectiveness. To obtain the desirable mechanical stability of the UPA monolith with considerable RBBR adsorption capacity, UPA(θ) powders were further studied. The UPA(θ) powders exhibited maximum RBBR adsorption at pH 2 due to the positively charged surface under acidic conditions. Compared with the Lagergren pseudo-first-order model, the pseudo-second-order model was found to explain the adsorption kinetics better. Despite the film diffusion dominating the adsorption process, the contributions of the intraparticle diffusion and chemical reactions were also found significant. The adsorption equilibrium data at different temperatures were fitted by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models. The Langmuir model was found the most effective in the description of equilibrium data, and the maximum RBBR adsorption capacity retained by UPA(θ) powders was 122.55 mg·g−1 at 295 K. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0) indicated the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature.

This review seeks to combine advances in anthropology and neuroscience to investigate the adaptive value of human consciousness. It uses an interdisciplinary perspective on the origin of consciousness to refute the most common fallacies in considering consciousness, particularly, disregarding the evolutionary origin of the subjective reality in looking for the neural correlates of consciousness and divorcing studies in neuroscience and behavioural sciences. Various explanations linked to consciousness in the field of neuroscience, supplemented with the theoretical explanation of an experience as an ongoing process of overlap between intrinsic neural dynamics and stimulation can be summarised as the stochastic dynamics of one's control system experienced by the individual in the form of subjective reality. This framework elaborates on the world-brain research program and lays foundation for the quantitative description of one's qualitative feelings and naturalistic science of consciousness. Furthermore, this study highlights the philosophical perspective of the inseparability between the physical correlates and the subjective reality contributing to the realistic ontology of conscious processes.

International audience; In a previous work in our team (Oualha et al., Chem Eng Trans, vol 73, 67-72 (2019)) it was shown that at large Reynold numbers (Re > 8000) a vapor phase appears by cavitation in T-mixer reactors used for chemical precipitation of nanoparticles. This phenomenon can affect dramatically the properties of the obtained nanoparticles. In the work of Oualha et al (2019), the apparent size (more precisely the hydrodynamic diameters) of vapor bubbles due to the cavitation, was in situ monitored in the reactor by using SLS (Static Light Scattering) and DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) methods. A modeling was also given using Fluent software: calculated size population of bubble was provided. Unfortunately this population could not be directly compared to experimental data since the relationship between apparent and real size was unknown. In the present work, new DLS measurements using particles of calibrated sizes are presented to help us to interpret and comment our previous results on bubbles size distribution. They were obtained using a new apparatus designed and realized for the purpose of defining a method of true diameters measurement.

International audience; Titanium-vanadium oxo-alkoxy (VTOA) nanoparticles with vanadium addition (V:Ti) between 0 and 20 mol% were prepared via sol-gel method in a chemical reactor with ultra-rapid micromixing. A control of the nucleation and growth process in the reactor permitted synthesis of size-selective V-TiO 2 nanoparticles, which were used for the nanocoatings deposition on glass beads. The activity of the prepared photocatalysts (after calcination at 450 °C) was studied by the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solutions under UVA illumination. A steady decrease of the reaction rate was observed with an increase of the vanadium content. This effect was explained by the residual presence of non-crystallized oxide, which elimination requires further studies.

International audience; Over the past few decades, biotransformations of compounds with complicated and reinforced structures, especially some poorly biodegradable organic pollutants, have attracted extensive research attention. Benefiting from recently developed techniques of protein engineering, oxidoreductase industrial applications such as laccases, tyrosinases, and various oxygenases have been recognized as a promising alternative technique as compared with the conventional treatment processes of industrial textile effluents. However, the lack of long-term operational stability and reusability of the above-mentioned enzymes may limit their further large-scale industrialization. To overcome this, a novel biocatalyst was developed by immobilizing laccase from Trametes versicolor onto ultraporous gamma-alumina powders (laccase@UPA(γ)), followed by transferring it into a portable and easy-to-carry bioreactor for Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye biodegradation. The obtained results showed that the treatment capacity of laccase@UPA(γ) towards RBBR reached about 60 mg/g after 24 h of contact time at pH 5. These preliminary results highlight the potentials of bio-based inorganic materials in industrial wastewater treatment, which can broaden our understanding of their practical applications in the environmental field.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a negative effect on both humans and the environment, therefore, it is crucial to minimize their emission. The conventional solution is the catalytic oxidation of VOCs by air, however, in some cases this method requires relatively high temperatures. Thus, the oxidation of short-chain alkanes, which demonstrate the lowest reactivity among VOCs, starts at 250–350 °C. This research deals with the ozone catalytic oxidation (OZCO) of alkanes at temperatures as low as 25–200 °C using an alumina-supported manganese oxide catalyst. Our data demonstrate that oxidation can be significantly accelerated in the presence of a small amount of O3. In particular, it was found that n-C4H10 can be readily oxidized by an air/O3 mixture over the Mn/Al2O3 catalyst at temperatures as low as 25 °C. According to the characterization data (SEM-EDX, XRD, H2-TPR, and XPS) the superior catalytic performance of the Mn/Al2O3 catalyst in OZCO stems from a high concentration of Mn2O3 species and oxygen vacancies.

The development of thins layers with antimicrobial priorities has been a key factor for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and preventing nosocomial infections. This research work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of thin layers of functional metal oxides based on ZnO nanoparticles for applications to surfaces and coatings on various supports (paints, coatings …). In our work we developped as antibacterial agents, nanoparticles of zinc oxide. The synthesis of nanoparticles is performed with sol-gel method, we obtained nanoparticles around 3 nm of diameter. The antibacterial activity has been studied on strains from the European pharmacopoeia; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia Coli (ATCC 8739). The test consists in artificial contamination by inoculum of microorganisms. We developed specific methodology for thin layer antibacterial tests. Results show an inhibition of bacterial growth by reduction greater than 5 log10 of the initial bacterial population.

International audience; The development of thins layers with antimicrobial priorities has been a key factor for inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and preventing nosocomial infections. This research work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of thin layers of functional metal oxides based on ZnO nanoparticles for applications to surfaces and coatings on various supports (paints, coatings …). In our work we developped as antibacterial agents, nanoparticles of zinc oxide. The synthesis of nanoparticles is performed with sol-gel method, we obtained nanoparticles around 3 nm of diameter. The antibacterial activity has been studied on strains from the European pharmacopoeia; Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia Coli (ATCC 8739). The test consists in artificial contamination by inoculum of microorganisms. We developed specific methodology for thin layer antibacterial tests. Results show an inhibition of bacterial growth by reduction greater than 5 log 10 of the initial bacterial population.

In a previous work in our team (Oualha et al., Chem Eng Trans, vol 73, 67-72 (2019)) it was shown that at large Reynold numbers (Re > 8000) a vapor phase appears by cavitation in T-mixer reactors used for chemical precipitation of nanoparticles. This phenomenon can affect dramatically the properties of the obtained nanoparticles. In the work of Oualha et al (2019), the apparent size (more precisely the hydrodynamic diameters) of vapor bubbles due to the cavitation, was in situ monitored in the reactor by using SLS (Static Light Scattering) and DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) methods. A modeling was also given using Fluent software: calculated size population of bubble was provided. Unfortunately this population could not be directly compared to experimental data since the relationship between apparent and real size was unknown. In the present work, new DLS measurements using particles of calibrated sizes are presented to help us to interpret and comment our previous results on bubbles size distribution. They were obtained using a new apparatus designed and realized for the purpose of defining a method of true diameters measurement. Keywords: T-mixer, Cavitation, Light scattering (DLS/SLS).

Titanium-vanadium oxo-alkoxy (VTOA) nanoparticles with vanadium addition (V:Ti) between 0 and 20 mol% were prepared via sol-gel method in a chemical reactor with ultra-rapid micromixing. A control of the nucleation and growth process in the reactor permitted synthesis of size-selective V-TiO2 nanoparticles, which were used for the nanocoatings deposition on glass beads. The activity of the prepared photocatalysts (after calcination at 450 °C) was studied by the degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solutions under UVA illumination. A steady decrease of the reaction rate was observed with an increase of the vanadium content. This effect was explained by the residual presence of non-crystallized oxide, which elimination requires further studies.

Purpose: To evaluate correlation of single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) data on lymph flow (LF) from oral tongue cancer (OC) and the topography of lymph nodes (LN) metastases; to determine the clinical value of lymph flow guided radiotherapy (LFGRT).Materials and methods: SPECT-CT visualization of LF from the OC lesions was performed after peritumoral injection of 99mTc-phytate in 26 primary patients with clinical stage cT1-2N0M0 disease. We determined the individual drainage (unilateral/bilateral) from the tumor, and localization of sentinel LNs according to the neck levels. Metastases in LNs were verified with histology and a 2-year follow-up.Results: SPECT-CT detected bilateral LF in 10 (38.5%) of 26 patients; in 16 (61.5%) cases the drainage was unilateral. Histology revealed LNs metastases in three cases; regional recurrences were diagnosed in other four patients. In all seven observations metastases were located at the same site and level as the sentinel LNs. In eight (30.8%) of 26 patients sentinel LNs were visualized unilaterally at levels Ib–IIa; in five cases, unilaterally at levels I–IIa–III. In these patients, LFGRT demonstrated 59%–70% reduction of irradiated volume, and 26%–42% and 51%–70% decrease of the mean dose to the spinal cord and the contralateral parotid gland. In patients with a bilateral drainage the reduction of doses absorbed by the spinal cord and contralateral parotid gland was 19% and 6%, respectively.Conclusions: Localization of sentinel LNs determined by SPECT-CT corresponds to the localization of metastatic LNs in terms of side and levels.

International audience; The photocatalytic activity of nanocomposites based on theta-modification of aluminum oxide Al2O3 with different TiO2 content for heterogeneous photocatalysis and biodegradation of pathogenic microorganisms under the action of LED radiation with a wavelength of 405 nm has been studied. It was found that all the investigated nanocomposites have photocatalytic activity. The maximum antibacterial efficiency of composites with a TiO2 content of 8 wt% (reduction of CFU of Staphylococcus aureus 209 P to 86%), which allows us to recommend this nanomaterial as a promising antimicrobial coating.; Исследована фотокаталитическая активность нанокомпозитов на основе theta-модификации оксида алюминия Al 2 O 3 с различным содержанием TiO 2 для гетерогенного фотокатализа и биодеструкции патогенных микроорганизмов при воздействии светодиодного излучения с длиной волны 405 nm. Установлено, что все исследованные нанокомпозиты обладают фотокаталитической активностью. Максимальна антибактериальная эффективность композитов с содержанием TiO 2 8 wt.% (снижение CFU Staphylococcus aureus 209 P до 86%), что позволяет рекомендовать этот наноматериал в качестве перспективного антимикробного покрытия. Ключевые слова: фотокаталитическое воздействие, theta-модификация Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , СИД излучение (405 nm), антибактериальная эффективность, Staphylococcus aureus 209 P.

International audience; Autonomous flight for large aircraft appears to be within our reach. However, launching autonomous systems for everyday missions still requires an immense interdisciplinary research effort supported by pointed policies and funding. We believe that concerted endeavors in the fields of neuroscience, mathematics, sensor physics, robotics, and computer science are needed to address remaining crucial scientific challenges. In this paper, we argue for a bio-inspired approach to solve autonomous flying challenges, outline the frontier of sensing, data processing, and flight control within a neuromorphic paradigm, and chart directions of research needed to achieve operational capabilities comparable to those we observe in nature. One central problem of neuromorphic computing is learning. In biological systems, learning is achieved by adaptive and relativistic information acquisition characterized by near-continuous information retrieval with variable rates and sparsity. This results in both energy and computational resource savings being an inspiration for autonomous systems. We consider pertinent features of insect, bat and bird flight behavior as examples to address various vital aspects of autonomous flight. Insects exhibit sophisticated flight dynamics with comparatively reduced complexity of the brain. They represent excellent objects for the study of navigation and flight control. Bats and birds enable more complex models of attention and point to the importance of active sensing for conducting more complex missions. The implementation of neuromorphic paradigms for autonomous flight will require fundamental changes in both traditional hardware and software. We provide recommendations for sensor hardware and processing algorithm development to enable energy efficient and computationally effective flight control.

Preoperative radiotherapy in patients with soft tissue sarcomas is characterized by important advantages: high precision of dose delivery, reduction of tumor volume and implantation potential, induction of immunologic response. Postoperative irradiation is associated with a reduced risk of complication, and a comprehensive radiotherapy planning in accordance with the pathologic report. Combination of pre- and postoperative irradiation gives the opportunity to use the best of both methods. Objective To analyze feasibility and safety of radiotherapy protocol that combined pre- and postoperative radiotherapy in patients with soft tissues sarcomas of extremities. Materials and methods From 06.2018 to 01.2021, 23 patients with soft tissue sarcomas of extremities were included in the protocol (NCT04330456) and 14 cases with at least 12 months follow-up were eligible for analysis. Preoperative stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SBRT) was performed as 5 fraction of 7 Gy with dose reduction (5 fractions of 5 Gy) on the margins of the tumor. Postoperative radiotherapy started 5–8 weeks after the surgery and was performed as standard compartmental irradiation in 25 fractions of 2 Gy. Complications were determined according to CTCAE and wound complication scales. Results Preoperative SBRT and subsequent radical resection with tumor free surgical margins were performed in all 14 cases. Primary wound closure was mentioned in all patients. Postoperative radiotherapy started 51.8 days (range 33–99 days) days after the surgery. With a relatively short follow-up of 21.5 (13–30) months, we recorded 2 cases (14%) of severe complications (Canadian sarcoma group criteria), and there were no local recurrences. Conclusion Our preliminary results demonstrate that the combination of preoperative SBRT and postoperative conventional radiotherapy is feasible and does not increase the risk of postoperative complications.

The mixed vanadium-titanium oxo-alkoxy (VTOA) nanoparticles were synthesized via sol-gel method in a chemical reactor with ultra-rapid micromixing. The nucleation and growth kinetics and particles size, followed by the static/dynamic light scattering methods, were quite different from those of pure oxo-alkoxy titanium (TOA) and vanadium (VOA) species. It was shown that the TOA species appear first and serve to be centres of attraction for hydrolysed VOA species at the nucleation stage. However, at the vanadium content above 20 mol% large VOA species imprison sub-nucleus TOA species prohibiting the nucleus appearance. The model analysis of the VTOA induction kinetics validated a significant increase of the nucleus size with an increase of the precursor concentration. The results support a new paradigm of the sol-gel process describing profound restructuring of the oxometallic species during assembling at the nucleation stage.

Over the past few decades, enzyme-based green and sustainable chemistry has attracted extensive research attention, which provides a promising alternative to the conventional treatment methods of recalcitrant micropollutants. However, enzyme denaturation and stability loss remain critical challenges for its potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment. In this study, laccase from Trametes versicolor (laccase T.) was cross-linked immobilized by ultraporous alumina (UPA) for the sustainable biodegradation of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR). Through sequential use of an aminosilane coupling agent (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and bifunctional cross-linker glutaraldehyde (GA), the synthesized biocatalysts showed better immobilization performances (about 4-fold to physical adsorption). The GA concentration considerably affected the laccase T. cross-linking degree, while the GA post-treatment protocol showed the highest laccase T. immobilization yield with lower activity recovery. Moreover, the biocatalyst stabilities including pH stability, thermal stability, storage stability, and reusability were also studied. Tolerance to broader pH and temperature ranges, better storage stability, good reusability of laccase T. cross-linked UPA(γ) biocatalysts, and their continuous RBRR biodegradation efficiency highlight the potentials of enzyme-based inorganic materials in industrial wastewater treatment, which can broaden our understanding of their practical applications in environmental fields.

The article Knee joint gait function in patients with ACL rupture before and after the surgery published in Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia (2016, Vol. 22, N 1) by A.A. Akhpashev, N.V. Zagorodniy, A.S. Kanaev, S.N. Kaurkin, D.V. Skvortsov is a duplicate of the article by A.A. Akhpashev, N.V. Zagorodniy, S.N. Kaurkin, D.V. Skvortsov Knee joint gait function in patients with ACL rupture before and after the surgery published in Clinical Practice. 2009;(3-4):30-38. That was the reason for retraction. Revealed April 20, 2022 by the Editorial Board.