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This article considers effect of surfactants, which are often used in the manufacture foaming detergents, in particular children’s shampoos and personal care products. Past studies have shown that the experimental samples foaming bases with modern detergents anionic and amphoteric origin do not show a toxic properties, namely locally-irritating and analgesic effect. Obtained results suggest the possibility of developing a wide spectrum cleaning means in different designation range of pH:from baby skin to the intimate areas of the body., Рассмотрено влияние поверхностно-активных веществ, которые чаще всего применяются в производстве пеномоющих средств, в том числе детских шампуней и средств личной гигиены. Проведенные исследования показали, что экспериментальные образцы пеномоющих основ с современными детергентами анионного и амфотерного происхождения не проявляют токсических свойств, а именно местнораздражающего и аллергизующего действия. Полученныерезультаты свидетельствуют о возможности разработки очищающих средств широкого спектра использования в различных интервалах рН: от кожных покровов ребенка до интимных участков тела человека., В роботі розглядається вплив поверхнево-активних речовин, які найчастіше застосовуються у виробництві піномийних засобів, зокрема дитячих шампунів та засобів особистої гігієни. Проведені дослідження показали, що експериментальні зразки піномийних основ з сучасними детергентами аніонного та амфотерного походження не проявляють токсичні властивості, а саме місцевоподразнювальну та алергезуючу дії. Отримані результати свідчать про можливість розробки очищувальних засобів широкого спектру призначення у різних інтервалах рН: від шкірних покривів дитини до інтимних ділянок тіла людини.

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Two approaches for synthesis of a great variety of 3-N-substituted 1H-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones have been investigated. The first one is based on the interaction of methyl 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate with isocyanates, which is a good way for preparation of 3-N-aryl-1H-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones. The key step of the other one, which allows introduction of different alkyl substituents in position 3, is oxidation of 4-oxo-2-thioxo-2,3- dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines prepared by interaction of 3-isothiocyanatothiophene-2-carboxylate and the primary aliphatic amines with hydrogen peroxide. Alkylation of the intermediates obtained in both ways resulted in 1-N-alkyl-3-N-substituted 1Н-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones. 1H NMR spectra of the target molecules contain the signals of thiophene cycle protons H-6 (δ 8.02-8.18 ppm) and H-7 (δ 7.06-7.15 ppm) together with the signal of CH2 groups in position 1 of the heterocyclic system in the range of δ 4.70-5.20 ppm. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds synthesized has been investigated by the agar well diffusion method. It has been determined that the compound with phenyl substituents in position 3 and o-methylbenzyl substituent in position 1 is the most active antimicrobial agent. The 1-N-alkyl derivatives of 2,4-dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine-3-yl)propanoic acid benzyl amide appeared to be active against the strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis., Было исследовано два подхода к синтезу производных 3-N-замещенных 1H-тиено[3,2-d]пиримидин-2,4-дионов, которые способны обеспечить большое химическое разнообразие. Согласно первому из них, основанному на взаимодействии метилового эфира 3-аминотиофен-2-карбоновой кислоты с изоцианатами, были получены 3-N-арил замещенные 1H-тиено[3,2-d]пиримидин-2,4-дионы. Второй подход, который дает возможность получить разнообразные алкильные заместители в положении 3, основан на окислении пероксидом водорода 4-оксо-2-тиоксо-2,3-дигидротиено[3,2-d]пиримидинов, полученных путем взаимодействия метилового эфира 3-изотиоцианатотиофен-2-карбоновой кислоты с производными первичных алифатических аминов. Путем алкилирования полученных полупродуктов были синтезированы 1-N-алкил-3-N-замещенные 1Н-тиено[3,2-d]пиримидин-2,4-дионы. Спектры 1Н ЯМР полученных конечных соединений содержат сигналы протонов тиофенового цикла в виде двух дублетных сигналов Н-6 (δ 8.02-8.18 м.д.) и Н-7 (δ 7.01-7.36 м.д.) и сигналы протонов CH2 группы заместителя в положении 1 гетероциклической системы в области δ 4.50-5.25 м.д. Противомикробную активность полученных соединений изучали методом диффузии в агар. Установлено, что наиболее высоким противомикробным действием обладает соединение, которое содержит фенильный заместитель в положении 3 и о-метилбензильный – в положении 1 молекулы. Исследованные 1-N-алкилированные производные 3-N-замещенных 1Н-тиено[3,2-d]пиримидин-2,4-дионов оказались активными по отношению к штаммам Staphylococcus aureus и Bacillus subtilis., Досліджені два підходи до синтезу похідних 3-N-заміщених 1H-тієно[3,2-d]піримідин-2,4-діонів, які здатні забезпечити велике хімічне розмаїття. Згідно з першим з них, заснованим на взаємодії метилового естеру 3-амінотіофен-2-карбонової кислоти з ізоціанатами, були отримані 3-N-арил заміщені 1H-тієно[3,2-d] піримідин-2,4-діони. Другий підхід, який надає можливість одержати складні алкільні замісники у положенні 3, заснований на окисненні гідрогену пероксидом 4-оксо-2-тіоксо-2,3-дигідротієно[3,2-d]піримідинів, отриманих шляхом взаємодії метилового естеру 3-ізотіоціанатотіофен-2-карбонової кислоти з похідними первинних аліфатичних амінів. Шляхом алкілування отриманих напівпродуктів були синтезовані 1-N-алкіл-3-N-заміщені 1Н-тієно[3,2-d]піримідин-2,4-діони. Спектри 1Н ЯМР отриманих кінцевих сполук містять сигнали протонів тіофенового циклу у вигляді двох дублетних сигналів протонів Н-6 (δ 8.02-8.18 м.ч.) і Н-7 (δ 7.01-7.36 м.ч.) та сигнали протонів CH2 групи замісника в положенні 1 гетероциклічної системи в області δ 4.50-5.25 м.ч. Антимікробну активність отриманих сполук вивчали методом дифузії в агар. Встановлено, що найбільшу антимікробну дію чинить сполука, яка містить фенільний замісник у положенні 3 та о-метилбензильний – у положенні 1 молекули. Досліджені 1-N-алкіловані похідні 3-N-заміщених 1Н-тієно[3,2-d]піримідин-2,4-діонів виявились активними по відношенню до штамів Staphylococcus aureus та Basillus subtilis.

In the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage area, many factors have been observed that imply the effects of climate change on the ecosystems, such as decreases in seasonal sea ice, changes of fishing grounds, appearance of non local species, etc. This study summarizes the observed and anticipated effects of such climate change on the fisheries in the heritage area, and discusses policy and research needs for adapting to these changes. International research and monitoring, at the large marine ecosystems (LME) scale, is the basis of all policy measures for adaptation to climate change. A variety of measures should be combined, taking into account various socioecological aspects of fisheries, and various scales of ecosystems. Such measures of adaptation should be incorporated into the cross sector coordination system, and the Integrated Management Plan, which were newly established for the management of the World Heritage area. Also, we point out that culture is an important part of society, and the World Heritage Program may offer clues for creating a new peaceful culture based on the LME.

Outstanding Performance Award in the following 2 categories, Breakthrough Research: Technological Innovation, Social Change, and Breakthrough Research: Education, Communication, In the Philippines, Coastal Resource Management (CRM) is a major devolved function of the local government units (LGU) as provided by Republic Act 7160. However, to date despite the many interventions, evidence shows that LGUs have not been able to come to terms with their mandate. One reason for this is the LGUs’ lack of capacity to provide the enabling mechanisms towards a successful CRM program. Moreover, the fragmented management scheme of coastal areas and the poor policies for effective institutional arrangements hampered the improvements in environmental conditions. In the Province of Aurora, four LGUs in Baler Bay started fisheries resources management by adopting a framework known as the Inter-LGU Fisheries Management Plan (ILFMP). The ILFMP requires an inter-LGU collaborative management approach to resource management, where conscious efforts were mobilized to develop means to introduce changes in the overall structure of the management of coastal resources of Baler Bay.

Despite the possession of a highly productive inland water area of about 45,000 km2, the continuing decrease in fish catch increasingly threatens the livelihoods of more than 12 million fishers in Bangladesh. The government's open access and leasing policies have been identified as the principal causes of catch decline. Conflicting demands on the inland aquatic area also accelerate drastically the destruction of aquatic resources. Barriers to the access of fishers in the management of inland fisheries resources and over-exploitation by the relatively wealthier non-fisher population are reducing the options for sustaining the livelihoods of fishery dependent communities. The government has pursued a range of initiatives to arrest this continued decline but none has appeared to be appropriate. In this study we investigated the present fisheries management crisis of Bangladesh and justified the opportunities for existing fisheries management to evolve towards community based fisheries management (CBFM) to support the sustainable use of fisheries resources in future.

Some typical aspects of formal and informal technological education in two groups of fishermen are analyzed in this survey. The authors have pointed out the relations between these two educational levels, and compared them, taking into account the type of urban or rural zone where the fishermen live, because the technological educational level is related to job-improvement to reaching better economic output.

This is a summarized survey to compare socio-economic and environmental living conditions among two groups of Japanese fishermen, living in places classified as urban and rural, respectively. Also considered are some typical aspects of family education and mothers' interest in studies.

With the advance of modern technology, the freedom of the sea cannot be anymore a limitless freedom. Only when the freedom of the sea is limited in accordance with a universal rule, such freedom enjoyed by respective states can be consistent with one another. The freedom so limited is the same as the limitless freedom in that it is a freedom. But being limited, it is not the same as the limitless freedom. The freedom of the sea evolves dialectically, with the advance of technology, from the limitless freedom to the limited freedom., One of the universal rules to limit the freedom of the sea is the rule of maximum sustained catch. There is a biological reason that all states have to observe this rule. It is not easy, of course, to bring this rule into practice, so that some conventions have been concluded to the end for carrying out scientific investigations to find the definite quantities of maximum sustained catch of certain stocks of fish. The Tripartite Fisheries Convention of 1952 provided the rule of abstention. The abstention seems to be reasonable with respect to certain fishery on the North Pacific Ocean. But the procedure of abstention must be distinguished from the rule of abstention as provided in the above Convention, and not to be linked each other. The procedure of abstention is not reasoned by the abave rule of abstention which cannot be a universal rule, because of its lack of biological ground and its nature of nearly denying the freedom of the sea., Here is a proposal for the rule of minimum universal restraint, which would furnish the abstention with its ground in order to prevent or resolve international disputes arising from economic causes. The limitations of freedom of the sea must be of the minimum, so far as the freedom is the basic rule. And also, such limitations must be of a universal nature, based on reasons that all states have to observe. The items, methods and extents of the minimum universal restraint to be applied to fisheries differ case by case with the difference of the conditions of fishery, e.g. the property of living resources, the level of fishing technology, the traditional practices, and economic situations, etc. It is an urgent need to carry out investigations on the basis of international agreement for finding the exact item, method and extent of the minimum universal restraint to be applied to the respective fisheries on the North Pacific, the Indo-Pacific, as well as the Atlantic Ocean.