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Objective　To investigate the correlation between chest CT scan and laboratory indicators in 2019-nCoV infected patients, and to provide reference for early diagnosis and treatment. Methods　Retrospective analysis was performed on 2019-nCoV infected patients admitted to the Third People’s Hospital of Kunming from February to March 2020. Patients were divided into abnormal chest CT group and normal chest CT group. Correlation analysis was conducted on CT data and laboratory related indicators. Results　The age of 9 patients with 2019- nCoV infection was positively correlated with the size of whole lung consolidation shadow and ground glass density shadow （r = 0.34, r = 0.48, P < 0.05）, and age was positively correlated with the size of whole lung lesion （r = 0.40, P < 0.05） . Pneumonia accounted for 64.1%, among which double lung disease accounted for 80.00%, unilateral disease accounted for 20.00%; There were differences in eosinophil count, CRP, CD8+ count and Rglutamylaminotransferase increase in lung CT with or without abnormality （P < 0.05）. The size of lung lesion was negatively correlated with lymphocyte count, eosinophil count, CD8+ and CD3+ count, and positively correlated with CRP and GGT. Conclusion In 2019-nCoV patients, bilateral lung lesions are common. The older the age, the more lung lesions; The lower the number of lymphocytes, the higher the number of CD8+ and CD3+, the higher the CRP and GGT, the more lung lesions, which can be used as an early warning indicator of pneumonia and severe disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The runoff nitrogen (N) loss of paddy fields is one of the major sources for agricultural non-point pollution (AGNPS) in the rice areas of southern China. In an effective way to reduce the AGNPS risk, a ditch-pond system can be used to intercept farmland drainage in recent years. It is necessary to quantify the water and N processes of the system for appropriate management practices. In this study, a new regulation model of water and nitrogen was developed for the paddy field-ditch pond system. The water and nitrogen processes of the ditch system incorporated the regulation of irrigation and drainage into the soil-rice system model (soil water heat carbon-nitrogen simulator for rice, WHCNS_Rice). A global Morris sensitivity analysis was adopted to evaluate the output responses of the model to different input parameters. The model was verified to utilize the dataset from a two-years (2009-2010) field experiment with the combination of two irrigation regimes (FI, traditional flooding irrigation; CI, controlled irrigation) and two N management (FP, farmer’s N practice; SP, site-specific N practice) in the Taihu Lake Basin. The specific parameters included the ponding water depth, soil water content, runoff, N runoff loss, ammonia volatilization, crop N uptake, and crop yield. The results showed that the Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), Index of Agreement (IA), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ranged from 4.6% to 29.7%, 0.758 to 0.996, and 0.073 to 0.983, respectively. The model performed well to simulate the water and N balances, as well as the rice growth for paddy field-ditch pond system under different irrigation regimes and N management practices. Morris sensitivity analysis showed that the soil hydraulic parameters of the paddy field and the leakage rate of the ditch (kr) presented the greatest influence on the simulation of water depth in the ditch, while the sensitivity of crop parameters was relatively low. The nitrate concentration in the ditch was also more sensitive to the hydraulic parameters of the paddy field, the coefficient of N reduction (RD) in ditches, and the first-order kinetic coefficient of ammonia volatilization (Kv). At the same time, the improved model was utilized to clarify the effects of ditch pond/paddy field area (β), irrigation regimes, and N management practices on water consumption, N fate, and crop growth in the paddy field-ditch pond system. Furthermore, the calibrated and validated model was selected to evaluate the effects of different water and N management on water and N balances of the paddy field-ditch pond system. It was found that the combination of controlled irrigation and site-specific N management significantly reduced irrigation water use and N runoff loss by 32.1%-36.2% and 36.7%-67.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitrate concentration in the ditch pond was reduced by 55.1%, leading to a significant decrease in the N loss risk of the paddy field-ditch pond system. Consequently, the incorporated model can provide a powerful tool to regulate irrigation and drainage of paddy field-ditch pond system, and thereby to control agricultural non-point source pollution. The runoff nitrogen (N) loss of paddy fields is one of the major sources for agricultural non-point pollution (AGNPS) in the rice areas of southern China. In an effective way to reduce the AGNPS risk, a ditch-pond system can be used to intercept farmland drainage in recent years. It is necessary to quantify the water and N processes of the system for appropriate management practices. In this study, a new regulation model of water and nitrogen was developed for the paddy field-ditch pond system. The water and nitrogen processes of the ditch system incorporated the regulation of irrigation and drainage into the soil-rice system model (soil water heat carbon-nitrogen simulator for rice, WHCNS_Rice). A global Morris sensitivity analysis was adopted to evaluate the output responses of the model to different input parameters. The model was verified to utilize the dataset from a two-years (2009-2010) field experiment with the combination of two irrigation regimes (FI, traditional flooding irrigation; CI, controlled irrigation) and two N management (FP, farmer’s N practice; SP, site-specific N practice) in the Taihu Lake Basin. The specific parameters included the ponding water depth, soil water content, runoff, N runoff loss, ammonia volatilization, crop N uptake, and crop yield. The results showed that the Relative Root Mean Square Error (RRMSE), Index of Agreement (IA), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) ranged from 4.6% to 29.7%, 0.758 to 0.996, and 0.073 to 0.983, respectively. The model performed well to simulate the water and N balances, as well as the rice growth for paddy field-ditch pond system under different irrigation regimes and N management practices. Morris sensitivity analysis showed that the soil hydraulic parameters of the paddy field and the leakage rate of the ditch (kr) presented the greatest influence on the simulation of water depth in the ditch, while the sensitivity of crop parameters was relatively low. The nitrate concentration in the ditch was also more sensitive to the hydraulic parameters of the paddy field, the coefficient of N reduction (RD) in ditches, and the first-order kinetic coefficient of ammonia volatilization (Kv). At the same time, the improved model was utilized to clarify the effects of ditch pond/paddy field area (β), irrigation regimes, and N management practices on water consumption, N fate, and crop growth in the paddy field-ditch pond system. Furthermore, the calibrated and validated model was selected to evaluate the effects of different water and N management on water and N balances of the paddy field-ditch pond system. It was found that the combination of controlled irrigation and site-specific N management significantly reduced irrigation water use and N runoff loss by 32.1%-36.2% and 36.7%-67.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the nitrate concentration in the ditch pond was reduced by 55.1%, leading to a significant decrease in the N loss risk of the paddy field-ditch pond system. Consequently, the incorporated model can provide a powerful tool to regulate irrigation and drainage of paddy field-ditch pond system, and thereby to control agricultural non-point source pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal up-scaling has been the most popular to estimate the regional daily evapotranspiration (ET) using remote sensing and in-situ observation data. Several estimation methods of daily ET are usually assumed that the diurnal course of ET is similar to that of solar irradiance, including the evaporative fraction, crop coefficient, canopy resistance, and daily sine function. However, such an assumption is scarce for humid paddy fields. Taking the Water-Saving Irrigation (WSI) paddy fields as the research object, this study aims to compare the differences between the four ET estimations in the daily scale and the measured values using the Eddy Covariance (EC) system in the 2015 and 2016 rice season. The results showed that the average diurnal variation in the three scale conversion factors presented the special under WSI condition, including the Evaporative Fraction (EF), crop coefficient (Kc), and canopy resistance (rc) during the growth period. It infers that the outstanding variation was responded to the changes in the crop species, soil, and meteorological conditions. The diurnal and seasonal average EF and Kc were considered as an approximately concave-down shape, with a gentle variation during the 10:00-14:00 period, and the minimum around 10:00-11:00 AM. The diurnal variation of rc increased after sunrises, further to be almost constant from 09:00 to 12:00, and then tended to increase rapidly. By contrast, the ratio of the total daily solar irradiance to the instantaneous irradiance (J) was just determined using the latitude of the study area, indicating a typical concave-down shape. Furthermore, there was a better performance on the accuracy, correlation, and consistency of the crop coefficient and canopy resistance using 10:00-11:00 hours of the estimated daily evapotranspiration, compared with the other hours. In addition, a rough ET up-scaling was comparatively stable using the sine function. More importantly, the hourly EF estimation during the 10:00-14:00 period achieved fewer errors in the daily ET, indicating the accuracy and consistency were the best from 10:00-11:00. This finding was consistent with the time of satellite overpass of Terra/Modis, although the estimated values of evaporative fraction were relatively underestimated in each period. Such a stable and considerable gap was brought forward a high demand to establish a rational relationship between the effective daily ETEC and the ETEF calculated by the best time-of-day representativeness (10:00-11:00) of EF. Therefore, a correction procedure was also conducted to incorporate the variable Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) with the ET value following the EF up-scaling as an independent variable. Among them, the VPD was the key factor affecting the ET at both daytime and night. As such, a linear regression equation was achieved, where a low RMSE of 0.205 mm/d, the R2 of 0.987, and IOA of 0.996. Consequently, the results demonstrated that the daily ET calculated by the best time-of-day representativeness (10:00-11:00) of EF, Kc, and rc performed better, while, the improved evaporative fraction was optimal to the temporal up-scaling of daily scale ET estimation for the WSI paddy fields in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. This finding can also provide a potential guiding for farmland irrigation and agricultural water management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EY-Pt/ ZnO and EY-Fe-Pt/ ZnO photocatalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalysts were characterized by the X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum, FTIR spectrum, XPS analysis and the electrochemistry methods. Using trimethylamine as the electron donor,the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst for water splitting to produce hydrogen was investigated under visible light (A 420 nm).Tt was found that Pt/ ZnO has a strong absorption of visible light and high hydrogen evolution activity by Eosin Y dye sensitization. Fe J+ ion coupling improves the adsorption o f Eosin- Y dye on the surface of the Pt/ ZnO photocatalyst, promotes the separation of photo generated electrons and ho les, and improves the visible light hydrogen evolution activity and stability of the catalyst. Under the optimal conditions and after 8 h illumination, the hydrogen evolution activity of the FeJ+ ion-coupled catalyst EY(0.05)- Fe(0.003)-Pt/ ZnO is 47 % higher than that of the catalyst EY( 0. 05)-Pt/ ZnO sensitized with Eosin-Y dye only. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given its importance as a hydrological variable for agricultural water management, Evapotranspiration (ET) should be accurately quantified. Turbulent flux is the key to the research on water and heat conditions of near surface layer and the basis for further calculation of actual ET. Evaporative fraction (EF, defined as the ratio between latent heat flux and available energy at the land surface), which is known to exhibit variation in response to changes in crop species, soil and meteorologic conditions, plays an important role in interpreting the components of energy balance budget and estimating ET, while such information is scarce for humid rice fields. In order to explore the influence of change characteristic of EF of Water-Saving Irrigated (WSI) paddies and energy balance closure on the calculation of ET, a field experiment was conducted at the experimental research base of the State Key laboratory from 2014 to 2016. Controlled irrigation practice was adopted in the monitoring paddy fields of observation sites from 2014 to 2016. The eddy covariance system was installed in the downwind direction of the test area to observe the Sensible Heat Flux (Hs), Latent Heat Flux (LE), net solar radiation, soil heat flux, air temperature, air relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall and so on. The study used the system to monitor the turbulent flux process of WSI paddies in 2014-2016. By means of forced closure of EF and filtering interpolation method, the data of day-time and night flux were corrected respectively, the seasonal variation characteristics of EF in paddy fields were analyzed, the proportion and process changes of turbulent flux before and after energy forced closure were compared, and the influence of energy forced closure on ET of WSI rice fields were explored. The results showed that EF in WSI paddies was larger than that in dry lands, and varied within a narrow range from 0.7 to 1.0. EF reached the maximum which was supposed to be 1.0 at the heading-flowering or milk maturity period. It quickly dropped below 0.8 at the last growth period. From 2014 to 2016, the average of EF was about 0.93. The data showed that latent heat flux accounted for the largest part of turbulent flux, and heat flux was absolutely the main energy consuming-term of water-saving irrigation paddy fields. The turbulent flux was increased significantly after enforced energy closure in the daytime and the diurnal peak value differentiated the most. The latent heat flux and sensible heat flux were increased by 32.1% and 19.8% on average respectively from 2014 to 2016. The latent heat flux after closure correction was much lower than that before correction at night, which indicated that the energy balance of paddies was in an over-closed state during day-night cycle. The sensible heat flux also was increased after correction, but the increment was smaller than that of latent heat flux. The ET calculated after enforced energy closure was increased evidently whether on an hourly or daily temporal scale. Rice ET in the WSI paddies was smaller than the result of during the summer growing season of flooded rice. The average daily ET calculated after enforced energy closure was about 3.85 mm/d from 2014 to 2016, which was 1.31 times of ET before energy forced closure. It indicated that the energy balance deficit resulted in underestimation of ET by eddy covariance system. The correction of the energy balance deficit is necessary and helpful for accurate estimation of crop evapotranspiration. The research results can provide important data support and methods for the accurate measurement of ET in paddies and the extensive research of ET model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　To investigate the clinical efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid drainage and injection by Ommaya reservoir implantation and lumbar cistern intervention in the treatment of patients of tuberculous meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus. Methods　A total of 50 patients with tuberculous meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus in our hospital from March 2017 to September 2018 participated in this study. Participants were divided into 3 groups: control group，Ommaya reservoir group and lumbar cistern intervention group. The control group received routine antituberculosis；Ommaya reservoir group received routine antituberculous therapy combined with cerebrospinal fluid drainage and lateral ventricle injection；and lumbar cistern intervention group received antituberculosis treatment combined with lumbar cistern cerebrospinal fluid drainage and intrathecal injection. The treatment duration was 4 weeks. The efficacy and adverse reactions of the three groups were compared and analyzed. Results　The clinical symptom remission time of Ommaya reservoir group and lumbar cistern intervention group was shorter than that of control group （P < 0.05). The intracranial pressure at 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment was significantly different from that before treatment （P < 0.05）. Compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in the cerebrospinal fluid biochemical indexes in the lumbar cistern intervention group and the Ommaya reservoir group after 1 week of treatment （P < 0.05). 2 months after treatment， the absorption of intracranial lesions in the Ommaya reservoir group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups （P < 0.05） . The total effective rates of the control group， the lumbar cistern intervention group and the Ommaya reservoir group were 45%，83.3% and 100%，respectively （P < 0.05）. Conclusion　The interventional treatment of tuberculous meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus by lumbar cistern catheterization and Ommaya reservoir implant can relieve the clinical symptoms， reduce intracranial pressure and improve the biochemical indexes of cerebrospinal fluid in a short time. Interventional therapy via the Ommaya reservoir approach promotes the absorption of intracranial lesions more effectively than interventional therapy via the lumbar cistern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the unclear change of meshing stiffness of double involute gears, the time-varying nature of meshing stiffness was studied. A calculation model for the meshing stiffness of double involute gears based on the finite element method was proposed and it was used to solve the time-varying meshing stiffness of the double involute gears. The finite element analysis software ABAQU5 was used to extract the tooth surface normal contact force and comprehensive elastic deformation. The meshing stiffness was solved according to the stiffness formula. The variation law of comprehensive elastic deformation and meshing stiffness of driving gear and driven gear under different tooth width was studied. The difference of meshing stiffness between double involute gear and ordinary involute gear under the same parameters and working conditions was comparing and analyzed. Comparing with the calculation method of meshing stiffness in ISO6336 - 1:2006, the correctness of the calculation method was verified. The results indicate that the larger the tooth width is, the smaller the comprehensive elastic deformation is, and the greater the meshing stiffness of the single tooth is. The variation trend of comprehensive time-varying meshing stiffness of double involute gears is similar to that of common involute gears. The comprehensive meshing stiffness of double involute gear is less than that of common involute helical gear with the same parameters, and the fluctuation amplitude of comprehensive meshing stiffness of double involute gear is slightly lower than that of common involute gear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective　 To determine the content of five nucleosides in Periplaneta Americana L. extract by HPLC. Methods　 We did degreasing the Periplaneta Americana L.powder with petroleum ether, ultrasonic extraction of 65% ethanol as solvent,acetonitrile dissolution formulated into the American dating test solution,The Agilent alkyl silica gel column (9.4 mm × 250 mm,5 µm) was applied in HPLC determination with water and acetonitrile mixture (95:5) as the mobilephase at the flow rate of 0.5 mL·min−1. Detection wavelength was set at 254 nm,10 µL sample was injected for analysis. Results　 The determination of five nucleosides in Periplaneta Americana L. extract by HPLC with high sensitivity,special properties,could be used for the content determination of this product. The concentration of 5 kinds of nucleoside in a certain range and peak area showed a good linear relationship (R 2 > 0.994 1), high precision, good repeatability, good stability, plus sample recovery rate is between 97.58% to 103.26%. Conclusion　 The experimental process of this method is simple,the results are reliable and stable, and it can be used as a method for determining the content of nucleoside components in Periplaneta Americana L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of different doses of amphotericin B intrathecal injection in the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis. Methods　69 cases of cryptococcal meningitis admitted in the Third People's Hospital of Kunming city from January 2017 to December 2019, were enrolled in this study. In the induction period, continuous drainage through the lumbar cisterm was performed to replace cerebrospinal fluid on the basis of intravenous amphotericin B and oral fluorocytosine, and different doses of amphotericin B were injected intrathecally. All the cases were randomly divided into 4 groups, 17 cases in A0,A1, A2 group respectively, 18 cases in A3 group. Experimental groups were A1（ amphotericin intrathecal injection B dose 0.2 mg), A2（amphotericin intrathecal injection B dose 0.3 mg）and A3（amphotericin intrathecal injection B dose 0.5 mg） . A0 was control group（ intravenous amphotericin B and oral fluorocytosine only, no intrathecal injection） . Clinical symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid biochemical indicators, pathogens in CSF, imaging, and adverse reactions were observed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. Results　The adverse reactions in group A1 were significantly lower than those in group A2 and A3（P < 0.001)；After 4 weeks of treatment,the positive rate of CSF ink staining in A2 and A3 groups was significantly lower than that in A1 group（P < 0.05) The positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid ink staining in A2 and A3 groups has no statistic significance（P > 0.05). MRI showed that the ratio of obvious absorption of lesions in Group A2 was significantly higher than that in group A1 and Group A3（P < 0.05)；Comparison of the ratio of obvious absorption of lesions in A1 and A3 groups by MRI showed no statistically significant difference（P > 0.05). There were fewer adverse reactions in group A1, but the efficacy was not as good as that in group A2 and A3；The adverse reactions in group A2 were slightly higher than that in group A1 and lower than that in group A3,but A2 has the best efficacy. Due to the intolerance of some patients to adverse reactions,the patients in A3 group could not receive intrathecal injection every day. After treatment,the recovery of cerebrospinal fluid protein and sugar and the absorption of lesions in imaging examination were not as good as those in A2 group. Conclusion When using amphotericin B intrathecal injection in treatment of cryptococcal meningitis, if the dosage was increased quickly in order for rapid improvement, or long-term use of large dose of amphotericin B intrathecal injection, the adverse reactions instead of improvement would bring negative effect on subsequent treatment. Most patients can tolerate lower, moderate dosage of amphotericin B intrathecal injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]