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La déstabilisation de la société salariale a entraîné la remise en question de la relation traditionnelle bipartite d'emploi. Les entreprises modernes font appel à certaines formes d'externalisation, créant ainsi plusieurs modèles de triangulation des relations de travail, dont la sous-traitance de la main-d’œuvre est un exemple. Contrairement à d'autres pays ayant procédé à des régulations « de droit » et «de fait» de cette nouvelle forme d'emploi, en Tunisie, la sous-traitance de la main-d’œuvre s'est développée sans réglementation spécifique. Des tentatives doctrinales et jurisprudentielles ont été faites pour combler ce vide juridique.En raison de la triangulation des relations de travail, nous observons qu’en plus de l’ingérence « de droit », il y a une ingérence « de fait » du client dans les relations de travail qui a accentué la dégradation des conditions de travail des travailleurs dans le nettoyage, un secteur emblématique de cette externalisation. En effet, les horaires atypiques de travail des travailleurs mentionnés mettent en péril leur santé et aboutissent à la désynchronisation entre leurs temporalités professionnelles et leurs temporalités sociales. Ces mêmes personnes sont également exposées à une diversité de risques professionnels pour lesquels ils sont insuffisamment protégés. Lorsqu’il s’agit des femmes, elles sont particulièrement confrontées à des risques spécifiques liés à l'insécurité pendant leur déplacement pour aller au travail ou pour rentrer chez elles. Qu’il s’agisse des hommes ou des femmes, les conditions de travail des travailleurs de nettoyage ont été fortement impactées par la crise de la COVID-19.Toutefois, plusieurs facteurs peuvent intervenir pour améliorer les conditions de travail des travailleurs de nettoyage. Parmi ces facteurs nous citons, la solidarité et la bonne qualité des relations interpersonnelles, la revendication individuelle des droits ainsi que la revendication dans le cadre de syndicats adaptés ainsi que le dé, Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Transparency arrangements, in the form of regular reporting by nations and a review of the reported information, have become a backbone of international governance. They are often expected to bring about increased ambition and improved implementation to fulfill the aims of the multilateral agreement in which they are embedded. However, little is still known about how these arrangements result in such effects. In this article, we review compliance theories and use these to explain the various roles of transparency arrangements in changing state behavior. We distinguish between different compliance schools and show how they attribute subtly different functions to transparency. We examine these variations through the development of a framework made up of seven idealized causal pathways that offer plausible explanations for the mechanisms that allow transparency arrangements to induce state behavior change. We also illustrate how these pathways work in practice by providing several examples from existing multilateral transparency arrangements. In doing so, we seek to form a bridge between international regime theory, critical transparency studies, and empirical studies on the functioning of transparency arrangements in international governance., iiTSE, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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On the basis of data gathered by two independent ethnographic studies of gay Chinese migrants in France and Belgium, this paper aims to identify the role of intersecting and parallel aspirations which shape their migration trajectories toward Western countries. These aspirations include motivations to respond to or appropriate traditional family configurations, imaginaries that characterize the countries of destination, the desire to fulfill same-sex sexual and relationship goals, as well as class, educational, national, and ethnic affiliations. Using concepts of intersectionality and super-diversity, this paper further argues that the simultaneous and overlapping nature of these motivations deserves to be discussed as a subset of current Chinese diasporas., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Hoarding has largely been approached from a psychological and universal perspective, and decluttering from an aesthetic and ecological one, while little work has been done to think about the cultural and global economic aspects of these phenomena. Of Hoarding and Housekeeping provides an anthropological, global, and comparative angle to the understanding of hoarding and decluttering using cases from a variety of countries including US, Japan, India, Cameroon, and Argentina. Focusing on the house, with careful attention to material flows in and out, this book examines practices of accumulation, storage, decluttering, and waste as practices of kinship and the objects themselves as material kin., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Contrary to media’s depictions of China’s expanding influence in Africa, the Chinese in Africa, despite their economic privilege, experience “politico-administrative vulnerability” in their interactions with street-level bureaucrats. However, they are neither exclusively privileged nor vulnerable., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In this article, we elicit the assumptions needed for an assessment of a joint reform of personal income and indirect taxes in a consistent conceptual framework. One often lacks an encompassing model for both labor supply decisions in real world tax and benefit contexts and the allocation of disposable income to commodities. We characterize households’ labor supply decisions by a random utility random opportunity model of job choice. We illustrate the framework with a Belgian tax reform proposal that shifts the burden away from labor taxes to indirect taxation. We find substantial empirical evidence that, both from a distributional and from a budgetary perspective, it is important to account for the impact of indirect taxes on the labor supply decision of households. The cost recovery effects of the tax shift are negative. This is, among other things, explained by the income effect in our job choice model., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Cette thèse étudie dans quelle mesure des valeurs et des normes, articulées sous forme de morale, éthique et Droit, déterminent la configuration de l’ordre mondial. Ceci se fait en trois parties. Premièrement, une lecture critique des courants les plus influents de la théorie des relations internationales montre que la politique mondiale est traversée d’enjeux axiologico-normatifs, que certaines de ces questions sont similaires à celles de la politique nationale tandis que d’autres sont spécifiques à ce domaine plus large, que les acteurs individuels et collectifs conservent un niveau significatif d’autonomie pour affronter ces défis, et que l’étude de ce champ est utile pour aider les décideurs à faire des choix éclairés. Deuxièmement, un examen de la raison pratique basé sur la théorie de l’agir communicationnel proposée par Habermas et d’autres clarifie et reformule cinq concepts de base :valeur, norme, morale, éthique et Droit. Troisièmement, ce répertoire conceptuel restructuré est utilisé pour étudier un sujet clé de la politique mondiale :les droits humains. Cette étude montre comment un ensemble donné de valeurs et de normes est structuré dans des conceptions éthiques de plus en plus convergentes qui tendent vers une idée régulatrice de morale universelle, et comment cet ensemble d’idées est articulé dans la Déclaration universelle des droits de l’homme. L’analyse décrit ensuite deux conséquences principales de l’adoption de la DUDH en 1948. Premièrement, la Déclaration devient le principal facteur de motivation et d’orientation du mouvement des droits humains, l’un des principaux phénomènes sociaux de l’après-guerre, dans son travail militant intensif à l’intérieur des États et dans la politique mondiale. Deuxièmement, le contenu de la DUDH est largement codifié en Droit, dans le système des droits humains des Nations Unies, le régime juridique le plus élaboré de l’ONU, dans des cadres régionaux analogues en Afrique, aux Amériques et en Europe, et dans les, This thesis examines the extent to which values and norms, articulated in the form of morality, ethics and law, determine the configuration of world order. This is done in three parts. Firstly, a critical reading of the most influential currents in international relations theory shows that global politics is riddled with axiological-normative issues, that some of these questions are similar to those of national politics while others are specific to this wider realm, that individual and collective actors retain a significant degree of autonomy in confronting these challenges, and that the study of this field is useful in helping decision-makers carry out informed choices. Second, an examination of practical reason based on the theory of communicative action proposed by Habermas and others clarifies and reformulates five basic concepts: value, norm, morality, ethics and law. Thirdly, this restructured conceptual repertoire is used to study a key issue in world politics: human rights. The study shows how a given set of values and norms is structured into increasingly convergent ethical conceptions that tend towards a regulative idea of universal morality, and how this set of ideas is articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The analysis then describes two main consequences of the adoption of the UDHR in 1948. Firstly, the Declaration became the main motivating and guiding factor for the human rights movement, one of the major social phenomena of the post-war period, in its intensive campaigning work within States and in world politics. Secondly, the content of the UDHR was widely codified in law, in the United Nations human rights system, the UN’s most elaborate legal regime, in similar regional frameworks in Africa, the Americas and Europe, and in the legal systems of most contemporary States, through their constitutions, legislation and judicial decisions. The study concludes by showing that, through the above-mentioned process, the values and norms, Doctorat en Philosophie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Tradução de artigo publicado originalmente em LOUAULT, F. De BARROS, M. e KERMOAL, K. (Orgs.) Marges et marginalités au Brésil: Espaces, pouvoir et societé. Bruxelas: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles, 2022., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Just transition occupies an increasingly important place in political agendas from global to local levels. In recent years, this concept has evolved from a reactive social project aimed at protecting industrial workers affected by environmental regulations to a proactive social-ecological project aimed at simultaneously reducing social inequalities and environmental degradation. This ambition of bridging social justice and sustainability objectives is particularly relevant for the urban context, where social and environmental issues tend to concentrate and intertwine. However, questions of what a just and sustainable city could and should look like remain largely unexplored. While there exist several urban visions that centre social justice (most notably Susan Fainstein’s “Just City”), sustainability issues are not central to these visions. At the same time, it remains unclear whether and how urban visions that do focus on sustainability (e.g. sustainable cities, eco-cities, green cities, low-carbon cities.) consider social justice concerns. This research has two main goals: first, to identify and analyse the role of sustainability in the prominent just city visions and, second, to examine visions of sustainable cities and their conceptualization of justice. The research is based on an analysis of several seminal texts on just cities and sustainable city visions. The visions are analysed through a framework that highlights considerations of distributional, procedural and recognition-based justice. By analysing the place of sustainability within just city visions and the place of social justice in sustainable city visions, we give direction to and open discussion about the contours of possible just and sustainable urban futures., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

L’ordonnance Cadre Eau impose le cout-vérité de l’eau conformément au principe du pollueur-payeur. En pratique, les consommateurs d’eau – domestiques et non domestiques – bruxellois sont les principaux contributeurs au financement de la lutte contre les inondations, de la collecte et de l’épuration des eaux présentes dans le réseau unitaire d’égouts bruxellois. Cependant, environ la moitié des eaux résiduaires sont des eaux de pluie et des eaux claires parasites qui ne sont pas liées à la consommation d’eau. Les consommateurs ne devraient donc pas être mis à contribution pour les couts qu’elles engendrent en vertu du principe du pollueur-payeur. Nous estimons que 20 % de la facture d’eau des consommateurs est indument à leur charge et examinons comment ces montants pourraient être financés autrement., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Ces dernières années, le domaine de l’adoption en Belgique a connu une formalisation juridique croissante, à l’instar d’un mouvement international consacrant comme pilier légal la notion d’« intérêt supérieur de l’enfant ». La procédure d’adoption est désormais un processus balisé, sélectif, tandis qu’elle est gérée par un milieu associatif qui s’est professionnalisé. Cet article, au travers d’entretiens menés avec des professionnel·les, des candidat·es et des parents adoptants, tend à observer cette procédure comme un prisme privilégié permettant d’analyser non seulement les mutations des définitions de la parentalité et des configurations familiales mais aussi le rôle des acteur·ices de terrain dans l’établissement et le renforcement de ces notions. Ainsi se dégage de cette entreprise « psycho-technocratique » un modèle normatif de « bonne » parentalité, défendu au nom d’une charge émotionnelle liée à l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant. Ce modèle est soutenu et renforcé par des outils administratifs et psychologiques de gouvernement des individus, reposant d’une part sur un système de production narrative qui vise au développement de soi et, d’autre part, sur des normes familiales essentialistes et parfois hétéronormatives., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Les abattoirs sont souvent l’objet de controverses dans les médiasconcernant le bien-être animal et les aspects sanitaires. Les ouvrièr·es et lesvétérinaires qui y travaillent sont pourtant soumis à des contrôles très stricts dansces deux matières. Cet article s’attache à expliquer les tensions dans l’organisationet les relations de travail générées par les normes prescrites de bien-être animal enmobilisant les concepts de travail prescrit, travail réel et autonomie. Les ouvrièr·eset les vétérinaires s’attachent à employer le peu de marge de manœuvre dont ielsdisposent de manière à ce que leur travail réel fasse souvent l’objet d’un compromisentre plusieurs normes de travail prescrites, en plus de celle du bien-être animal., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Cette thèse cartographie la place des enseignements relatifs aux religions au niveau secondaire en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (FWB), tout en cernant les enjeux (politiques, épistémologiques et éducatifs) qui sous-tendent les débats sur la place de la religion à l’école. Pour répondre à l’ambition cartographique descriptive, l’enquête se concentre tant sur les cours de religion (catholique, protestante, islamique, orthodoxe et israélite) que sur les cours étant amenés à aborder le thème de la religion en classe (morale, histoire, français et philosophie et citoyenneté). L’idée est également, dans une visée explicative, de montrer comment les équilibres historiques, institutionnels et sociétaux entre les différentes religions et convictions – dans la partie francophone de la Belgique – se traduisent dans les politiques curriculaires et les pratiques pédagogiques. La première partie se concentre sur l’influence du cadre juridique international à travers l’analyse des droits et libertés qui encadrent la problématique et celle des recommandations du Conseil de l’Europe en matière d’enseignement des faits religieux et plus largement d’éducation à l’interculturalité. Ce détour international permet d’élaborer un continuum de l’enseignement relatif au religieux en Europe et au Québec, passant en revue les différentes manières d’inclure le religieux dans les grilles scolaires. Cette démonstration permet de mieux comprendre les spécificités du cas belge puisque se côtoient sur les bancs des écoles la plupart des dispositifs à l’œuvre dans les systèmes scolaires européens. Les débats entourant la création et l’introduction de l’éducation à la philosophie et à la citoyenneté ont réactualisé des dissensions politiques entérinées dans le contexte d’une société pilarisée et qui sembleraient être toujours à l’œuvre (principalement sur les concepts de citoyenneté, de philosophie et de laïcité/neutralité). La deuxième partie se place dans le champ de la sociologie des curriculums., This thesis maps the place of religious education at secondary level in the Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles (FWB), while identifying the issues (political, epistemological and educational) underlying debates on the place of religion in schools. To meet the descriptive cartographic ambition, the survey focuses both on religion courses (Catholic, Protestant, Islamic, Orthodox and Israelite) and on courses that deal with the theme of religion in class (moral, history, French and philosophy and citizenship). The idea is also to show how historical, institutional and societal balances between different religions and beliefs - in the French-speaking part of Belgium - are reflected in curricular policies and pedagogical practices. The first part focuses on the influence of the international legal framework, through an analysis of the rights and freedoms that frame the issue and of the Council of Europe's recommendations on the teaching of religious facts and, more broadly, on education for interculturality. This international detour makes it possible to draw up a continuum of religious education in Europe and Quebec, reviewing the different ways in which religion is included in school curricula. This demonstration provides a better understanding of the specificities of the Belgian case, since most of the mechanisms at work in European school systems can be found side by side on school benches. The debates surrounding the creation and introduction of philosophy and citizenship education have revived political dissensions that were entrenched in the context of a pillarized society, and which would appear to be still at work (mainly on the concepts of citizenship, philosophy and secularism/neutrality). The second part focuses on the sociology of curricula. The corpus is made up of school documents (curricula and syllabuses) for religion and ethics courses, as well as for general history, French and philosophy and citizenship courses. Two collections of history textbooks are als, Doctorat en Sciences des religions, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Este trabajo ofrece un análisis crítico de las aplicaciones de las nociones de fronteras, raza y nación en la República Dominicana. Se centra en un estudio socio-antropológico, con un enfoque tanto histórico como contemporáneo, realizado en la zona fronteriza dominico-haitiana norte entre 2007 y 2021. A través de la revisión de la literatura especializada, de los archivos parroquiales en la región fronteriza, testimonios y entrevistas con habitantes de la frontera, este trabajo describe y analiza el proceso de construcción de la nación dominicana en la frontera y su relación con Haití. Analiza también el discurso nacionalista antihaitiano y sus efectos tanto históricos como actuales en las políticas migratorias dominicanas, así como sus efectos en la vida de miles de personas migrantes y también dominicanas de ascendencia haitiana., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Avec l’avènement du salariat, l’activité professionnelle s’est constituée en un attribut majeur de la masculinité. Une idéologie de l’homme gagne-pain s’est propagée et a gagné diverses parties de la planète. Il s’agit pourtant d’un modèle qui perdrait de plus en plus de pertinence compte tenu des transformations que connait depuis quelques décennies le marché du travail. Sur la base des résultats d’une étude ethnographique, la présente thèse explore cette situation dans le contexte urbain de Bujumbura-ville de l’Afrique sub-saharienne. Elle analyse, sous l’angle des rapports de genre, comment se déploient les interactions entre conjoints dans un contexte où le mariage reste un élément fortement structurant de la biographie individuelle et sociale., With the advent of wage labor, professional activity has become a major attribute of masculinity. A breadwinner ideology has spread to various parts of the planet. It is, however, a model that is losing more and more relevance given the transformations that the labor market has been experiencing in recent decades. Based on the results of an ethnographic study, this thesis explores this situation in the urban context of Bujumbura, a city in sub-saharan Africa. It analyzes, from the perspective of gender relations, how the interactions between spouses unfold in a context where marriage remains a strongly structuring element of individual and social biography., Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La France attire les migrants LGBT+ originaires de régimes oppressifs tels que la Chine. Une fois sur place, ils ne sont pas à l’abri d'autres formes de discrimination, y compris le racisme sexuel., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Alors que le genre est devenu une catégorie d’analyse essentielle dans les travaux scientifiques sur les plus récentes vagues d’émigration depuis la Chine, la sexualité des Chinois en Europe reste peu étudiée, en particulier celle des LGBT+. Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée entre 2020 et 2021 auprès de 16 jeunes migrants homosexuels chinois (vivant ou ayant vécu en France), pour explorer les multiples facettes des « changements sexuels » vécus par ces individus sous le prisme de la (re)socialisation sexuelle dans un contexte transnational. En premier lieu, l’article examine les processus d’acquisition et d’intériorisation des connaissances, des normes, des attitudes, des codes sociaux et culturels et des valeurs liés à la sexualité au-delà des frontières culturelles et nationales. Il se penche ensuite sur les sources de (re)socialisation sexuelle de jeunes migrants homosexuels chinois en France, en se focalisant sur leurs relations interpersonnelles avec leurs pairs. Enfin, l’article conclut en tissant des liens entre les études sur la migration queer et celles sur la diaspora chinoise, tout en appelant à davantage de recherches sur les liens entre migrations chinoises en Europe et sexualité en élargissant autant que possible la façon d’appréhender cette dernière., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Au croisement des enjeux du vieillissement et du rapport que nous entretenons avec le tourisme, cette thèse examine comment évolue la pratique touristique avec l’avancée en âge, en particulier lors des transitions du vieillissement (passage à la retraite, fragilisation de l’état de santé, perte des proches, etc.), et comment réciproquement cette pratique joue un rôle dans la façon de vivre ces transitions. Les modalités d’évolution des manières de faire du tourisme y sont décrites et analysées dans une approche multidisciplinaire mêlant sociologie et gérontologie. La recherche se base sur le cas de la population belge francophone âgée entre 60 et 85 ans. Les données, récoltées entre 2015 et 2021, sont issues d’une méthodologie mixte, combinant une enquête quantitative auprès de 4065 personnes et une série de 34 entretiens biographiques.Partant du constat que les approches dominantes des questions relatives au vieillissement, dans le champ politique comme dans les tourism studies, abordent la vieillesse sous l’angle du « problème démographique » ou de l’ « opportunité économique », cette thèse propose une lecture alternative de ces questions.Les résultats soulignent la complexité du phénomène, la diversité de trajectoires touristiques et l’intérêt de lire l’évolution de la pratique lors des transitions du vieillissement à travers une grille qui combine les niveaux de lecture (macro, micro, objectif, subjectif), et les types de facteurs (individuels et contextuels).Les résultats tirés de l’analyse des données quantitatives mettent en évidence l’influence des conditions socio-économiques sur l’évolution de la pratique avec l’avancée en âge, rappelant l’importance des inégalités sociales en la matière. L’analyse des données qualitatives, pour sa part, suggère d’interpréter les évolutions en fonction, à la fois du rapport au temps des personnes âgées et des relations sociales avec les proches. Ces dernières sont tantôt médiatrices entre la pratique et les individus, tant, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Health systems resilience (HSR) refers to "the ability of health sector actors, institutions and communities to effectively withstand crises, maintain their essential functions in such circumstances and, learning from experience, reorganise accordingly". In the Caribbean, the need for resilient health systems has never been more critical. To withstand the acute or chronic shocks constantly experienced (natural disasters, staff shortages), these systems need to build or strengthen their capacity. However, despite the general recognition of HSR's key role, research on the subject remains limited in this region and a further understanding of its construction in such contexts remains necessary. This study aims to explore, analyse, and understand the mechanisms of health systems resilience (HSR) development in natural disaster-prone Caribbean countries. It involves a multiple case study covering three countries in the Caribbean region: St Lucia, Dominica, and Haiti.The study intends to be exploratory and explanatory, and it adopts a mixed quantitative and qualitative methodology. It is articulated in two sections, with respectively a theoretical and an empirical emphasis. Drawing on the conceptual frameworks provided by Kruk & al, 2017; Grimm & al, 2021 and Thomas, S & al, 2020 the first section involves a literature review supplemented by structured interviews, focus groups and a quantitative questionnaire to assess each country's HSR status. The triangulation of the collected information will serve to develop a conceptual framework adapted to these contexts. The second, empirical section will consist of a realist evaluation of selected HSR projects carried out within the respective countries. Building on the results from the first section, the focus lies on identifying Context-Mechanism-Effect (CME), semi-regularities consistent with the realist evaluation approach. Once collected, the relevant information will be analysed in order to select the CME patterns which can, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Cette thèse ambitionne de partir des conditions de travail et d’emploi éprouvées par les éducateurs et leurs collègues au sein de trois institutions de la sous-commission paritaire 319.02 pour rendre compte d’une part, des facteurs de risques psychosociaux auxquels les travailleurs sociaux sont confrontés dans le cadre de l’exercice de leur fonction et d’autre part, des stratégies de prévention mises en œuvre pour faire face aux risques psychosociaux. Elle est le fruit d'une recherche-action s'appuyant sur une démarche inductive et une enquête de terrain exclusivement qualitative permettant de valoriser la parole des « experts de vécu », à savoir les travailleurs et leurs responsables hiérarchiques afin de mettre en lumière leur quotidien au travail, les difficultés rencontrées, les points de tension, mais également les ressources sur lesquelles ils s’appuient, les stratégies qu’ils mettent en place pour « résister ». L’analyse des données montre d’une part, que les difficultés relevées comme les plus prégnantes par les travailleurs sociaux constituent des « désajustements » renvoyant à une mise sous tension systématique de leur professionnalité, les exposant aux risques psychosociaux, et d’autre part, que les réponses mises en œuvre par ces mêmes travailleurs visent de façon récurrente à (re)construire et/ou défendre cette professionnalité pour « tenir » au travail. L’analyse révèle en outre que ces formes de régulation sont d’autant plus efficaces en termes de prévention qu’elles rencontrent trois conditions :elles sont portées par un collectif de travail rassemblant l’ensemble ou une majorité des travailleurs sociaux de terrain et dont la légitimité est reconnue ;les actions sont axées sur la prévention primaire ;et elles font l’objet d’une coordination avec d’autres acteurs de l’institution, notamment la direction. Il apparait que les choix organisationnels, portés par essence par le(s) responsable(s) hiérarchique(s), vont permettre de venir en soutien à ces for, Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic offers a window of opportunity for building resilient health systems. As such, it is important to use this opportunity to redesign, strengthen, and adapt health systems to meet current population needs. Health systems resilience (HSR) is even more critical in Caribbean countries which face health, environmental, economic shocks and in certain cases political and social upheavals. This study aims to explore the extent to which Haiti, Dominica, and Saint Lucia have developed HSR into their respective contexts.Methods: It will consist of a scoping review of available literature on HSR and/or health systems strengthening (HSS) covering Saint Lucia, Dominica, and Haiti, from 2010 to 2023. It will follow the five-point methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005) and will answer the following question. What approaches, strategies or interventions contribute to building or strengthening HSR in dealing with shocks across these three countries? The perspectives, concepts, dimensions, and definitions from relevant scientific literature will be combined to generate the research equations. The papers identified via PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar and OpenGrey will then be processed on EndNote and independently filtered by two researchers, reinforced by a third researcher in case of disagreement, according to the PRISMA method adjusted to scoping reviews. Following a deductive-inductive method, the material will be analysed thematically to identify the key approaches, strategies and interventions outlined in the retained materials.Results: This scoping review intends to produce a preliminary assessment of how HSR is implemented in the three participating countries. It holds the potential to shed new light on the experiences of these three countries in their efforts to attain resilience in their health systemsConclusions: This study might offer insight into the role of stakeholders and processes activated for the achie, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with poor mental health symptoms, particularly among vulnerable populations such as LGBTQ+ individuals. In the present study, we aimed to (i) identify different psychological adjustment profiles among LGBTQ+ young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare LGBTQ+ young adults in relation to (ii) sociodemographic characteristics and COVID-19-related experiences and (iii) the internal and external protective resources associated with each adjustment profile. An online questionnaire was administered to 1699 LGBTQ+ young adults from six countries (Brazil, Chile, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, and the UK). A cluster analysis was conducted, and four profiles of psychological adjustment were identified: unchallenged, resilient, distressed, and at-risk. The at-risk cluster scored lowest in social support (particularly from family). The profiles of participants who experienced the highest levels of pandemic adversity (at-risk and resilient) comprised mostly South American participants, those under lockdown at the time of survey completion, those who self-identified as transgender and non-binary, and those with a plurisexual sexual orientation. Interventions should consider strategies to help young adults maintain support systems and reinforce the value of positive family relationships. Specific groups within the LGBTQ+ community that seem to be in a particularly vulnerable situation may need additional tailored support., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The present research explored parenting, stress, and resilience experiences among 16 Belgian, lesbian, first-time parental couples with donor-conceived children aged 3–72 months. In each couple, both mothers participated in a conjoint, semi-structured interview focused on their parenthood desire; the impact of stigmatization and social support from families of origin, friends, and institutions; and couple and family resources. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s reflective thematic analysis. Four themes were identified: (1) “The precious baby”: Realizing the parenthood project; (2) “Can we show ourselves in public without prying eyes?”: Family social visibility; (3) “It’s complicated!”: Parental legal recognition and role imbalance; and (4) “How can we handle this?”: Family resilience. The themes indicated that the child’s donor conception, the parents’ coming out, the non-gestational mother’s role, the legal obstacles encountered, and the need to find a balance between the two mothers in childcare tasks generated stress and required mothers to develop resilience strategies. The results suggest several potential areas for mental health practitioners to explore in clinical contexts when supporting intended lesbian mothers in their transition to parenthood through donor insemination., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This chapter analyzes the ways in which migrants maintain, redefine and reinforce their conceptions of home through various homemaking strategies. For this purpose, we revisit three fast-growing scholarships focusing respectively on transnational families in which the members are geographically separated due to migration; on migrant families settled in their receiving countries; and on families of mixed couples in which the partners are socially viewed as different due to their distinct legal statuses, socio-cultural practices and ethnic backgrounds. The first set of studies reveals that the homemaking of transnational families involves a wide range of material and non-material practices across national borders, which sustains the notion of home within expanded social spaces uniting different kin members "here" and "there". The second body of works unveils migrant families' pluri-local homemaking strategies that encompass their domestic space, neighborhoods, urban spaces and the city in their settlement countries. In the third literature, the homemaking of mixed couples also has a transnational character. However, it is mainly oriented towards their countries of residence, particularly during the (re)productive period of couples' lives when they build their own families and establish their careers. All across these family configurations home is mobile over borders, space and time., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

We study the effect of job search monitoring (JSM) on individual labor market outcomes of the long-term unemployed. Exploiting the implementation of a JSM program targeted at jobseekers under the age of 49, we set up a regression discontinuity design that credibly identifies the program's causal effect on unemployment, employment, and disability insurance (DI) participation and participation in other social welfare programs within a three-year period. We find that JSM increases exits from unemployment to DI without affecting transitions into employment or other social welfare programs. We further find that the effect of JSM on DI materializes before any sanction can be imposed and monitored individuals are still 10 percentage points more likely to be on DI three years after the start of monitoring. Ultimately, exploring fiscal implications reveals that the decrease in unemployment transfers as a result of JSM is entirely offset by the increase in DI transfers., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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This thesis explores why the Chinese government allows Hui Muslims comparatively broad discretion in their religious practice, despite the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) distrust of religion. In order to reveal the preferential treatment secured by Hui Muslims, particularly in comparison with their Uyghur compatriots, I illustrate the CCP’s ability to use and control Hui Islam for its own benefit, namely to strengthen Muslim support for the CCP. The primary reason for the Chinese government to allow Hui Muslims greater freedom of practice is the successful and ongoing Sinicization of Hui Muslims and the corresponding otherization of Uyghur culture and religious practice as dangerous and foreign. What role does the Islamic Association of China (IAC) play in shaping statist interpretations of religion? I answer this question by looking at the development of a religious bureaucracy in China. My main focus is on the IAC as a significant actor. Located between the Chinese state and Muslim communities, the IAC plays a vital role in securitizing “non-compliant” Islamic practices. My study explores the CCP’s definition of “Chinese Muslims” and “lawful Islam” as well as the centrality of the IAC for these processes of meaning-making, otherization and securitization. I trace the emergence of Hui Islam as the compliant and thus less securitized model for Chinese Islam with Chinese characteristics and the association of Uyghur religious practice with the “Three Evil Forces” (Separatism, Terrorism and Extremism)., Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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iiTSE, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Study question What are the current attitudes in Flemish adolescents aged 15-19 towards having children? Summary answer While the majority of adolescents want to have children, 25% have ambiguous feelings about having children and 10% indicate a wish to remain childless. What is known already In the past decades, a very positive attitude towards having children has been reported in young people. In the adult population, most people desire to have children or are already parents, but the group of people who choose to remain childfree is increasingly visible and vocal. The current generation of adolescents is more concerned about environmental impacts than previous generations. Study design, size, duration An anonymous online survey of multiple choice and open-ended questions was offered to adolescents in Flanders (Belgium). Forty – four schools in Flanders participated and 1700 adolescents completed the questionnaire from February 2022 to June 2022. We performed a qualitative analysis of answers in open ended questions. Participants/materials, setting, methods Adolescents aged 15 – 19 years old, attending the last two years of secondary school in Flanders (Belgium). Most pupils had the opportunity to complete the questionnaire during class, others chose to complete the questionnaire in their own free time. Main results and the role of chance The majority of pupils would like to have children (60.2%), a considerable proportion is still undecided (24.7%) and 10.8% report they do not want children. Significantly more boys than girls would like to have children (67% versus 61.7%, p < 0.01). Having a positive representation of children and the desire to build a family in the future are the most important reasons for wanting children. Adolescents who have ambiguous feelings or who do not want children are rather pragmatic in their decision-making. They may consider factors such as financial stability, career goals and personal development before deciding to hav, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

In recent years, there have been increasing discussions surrounding the appropriate terminology to talk about autism. Initially, this debate revolved around the use of person-first language (e.g. person with autism) versus identity-first language (IFL; e.g. autistic person) but has recently expanded to other autism-related terms (e.g. deficits). However, to date, studies investigating autism-related language preferences have been limited to English-speaking countries, and little is known about preferences in other languages. This study addresses this gap by investigating the language preferences of French-speaking autistic adults., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Le présent travail est le résultat d’une étude anthropologique menée au Grand-Duché du Luxembourg entre 2017 et 2022 qui a comme objet toute une série de pratiques ritualisées, couramment désignées par le terme générique de « néo-chamanisme ». La question centrale est de savoir pourquoi des gens de tous horizons, majoritairement éduqués dans la tradition chrétienne catholique, ont brisé avec leur habitus religieux et ont choisi de se livrer à des rites issus de traditions religieuses orientales et amérindiennes. Dans la mesure où les pratiquants privilégient les cérémonies menées en groupe, dans la mesure où s’établit une dynamique particulière à l’intérieur du groupe de participants, il y a lieu de supposer que les pratiques concernent avant tout le rapport à l’autre. Il m’importe alors d’analyser la façon dont le rite, en tant qu’instrument de renégociation relationnelle, parvient à fournir aux participants un « supplément d’âme » et à rétablir un équilibre que les pratiquants jugent perdu. Influant sur le cosmos des pratiquants, le rite agit en sorte que, pendant la durée d’une cérémonie (et bien au- delà), le monde, tel qu’il est, ressemble davantage à ce qu’il devrait être. Considérant d’une part l’importance attribuée à la ritualité des conduites qui visent à renégocier le vivre-ensemble, mais considérant d’autre part aussi l’éventail assez hétérogène des représentations cosmologiques impliquées, je souhaite centrer mon hypothèse de travail sur cette « charnière » entre le rite et le cosmos des pratiquants :comment le rite parvient-il à consoler et à intégrer des conceptions cosmologiques discordantes, parfois même contradictoires ?, Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This 15-year longitudinal study investigated with follow-up data how romantic patterns from ages 16 to 24 are associated with romantic involvement and turnover (ages 25–30), romantic dispositions (age 30) and romantic relationships characteristics (age 30). A sample of 255 individuals (60.8% women) identified all their romantic partners between the ages of 16 and 24. Between ages 25 and 30, participants identified all their romantic partners and the length of each relationship. At age 30, they also completed a series of questionnaires regarding romantic dispositions and if it applied, characteristics of their current romantic relationship. Results indicated continuity in the romantic sphere from adolescence to established adulthood. At age 30, romantic patterns were associated with: avoidance of intimacy, jealousy, global romantic satisfaction, relationship status and the duration of the current romantic relationship. Together, these results bring new information on romantic development from adolescence to established adulthood.

While the NGO-ization paradigm helped explain the institutionalization, professionalization, and bureaucratization of feminist movements around the world, from the late 80s and early 90s on, by focusing on the most visible actors, it often concealed the multiplicity of feminisms and their internal heterogeneity. By looking at the institutionalization of feminism in Romania through decolonial lenses, this essay aims to understand some of the transnational processes that have been overlooked or curtailed within the NGO-ization literature, the mechanisms through which certain forms of feminist knowledge and practice became hegemonic and institutionalized, and some of their consequences. The essay argues that the traveling and crossings initiated by those excluded through these processes and who inhabit liminal, in-between spaces contributed to making visible multiple worlds of sense towards pluralist feminism, opening the possibility to build deep coalitions by engaging in complex communication., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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Infrastructure is one of the most important cornerstones of our society. It enables international trade and thereby contributes to the overall economic growth of a country or region. Yet the contribution of infrastructure is not just limited to the economic aspect of society. At the social level, it brings value by providing education and care and facilitating the movement of people. Infrastructure, in its horizontal and vertical forms, has in fact become an integral part of the daily lives of both families and businesses. To achieve the defined goals and satisfy the needs of users, the management of the infrastructure network must be carried out in a sound manner. Despite the importance of the network, there exists a mismatch between the demand for infrastructure and its supply. Expectations from users have changed and increased under influence of several macroeconomic factors. An example of this is a change in the demographic composition of a country, such as an ageing population. This will cause the pressure on healthcare to increase, creating more demand for healthcare infrastructure. A second example is climate change. Climate change requires resilience of our infrastructure network so that it can adapt to changing conditions and cope with extreme natural phenomena. For example, coastlines will need to be strengthened to withstand rising water levels. Fulfilling demand is complicated by constraints on the supply side. Government budgets for public infrastructure are limited and the current infrastructure network is nearing the end of its service life. Investments in both new infrastructure and maintenance are falling short, while significant investments are required. This dissertation investigates where potential efficiencies are located in the current management of public infrastructure, with the aim of better responding to the demands without needing to allocate additional resources. For this purpose, the initiation phase, the planning phase, the development, Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In the context of contemporary socio-environmental shifts, the concept of “degrowth” advocates for transforming societies to ensure environmental justice and a well-being for all within planetary boundaries. This PhD thesis, positioned within degrowth studies, provides a processual, holistic and interdisciplinary exploration of the dynamics between degrowth transformations and capital accumulation, understood as an all-encompassing power process. I start by critically exploring the role of capital accumulation in the unfolding of degrowth transformations, highlighting some shortcomings of conventional views that predominantly see capital accumulation as a primarily production-oriented process. While, historically, the degrowth project has opposed economism, these perspectives tend to overlook the deep intertwinement between economics and politics in the intersection between degrowth transformations and capital accumulation. This thesis then considers “Capital as Power” (CasP) theory, which dissolves the boundaries between economics and politics in the study of capital. Key implications of CasP for the unfolding of degrowth transformations are highlighted. Through this lens, I identify four distinct elements of dynamics, each represented as a causal loop diagram (CLD), capturing the complex relationship between degrowth transformations and the power processes of capital accumulation. Using insights from Social Practice Theory (SPT), I further investigate how degrowth-aligned practices, reforms, and ruptures may be inhibited by “strategic sabotage” processes that bolster capital accumulation, conceptualising four modes of sabotage, set into motion through two additional elements of dynamics. These six elements of dynamics are then assembled into a single CLD, which is used to explore four scenarios for the unfolding or marginalisation of degrowth transformations against the process of capital accumulation. In short, as the journey progresses, this thesis assembles a p, Doctorat en Sciences, iiTSE, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The literature on ‘mixed’ families (in which members are socially viewed as ‘different’ due to their varying ethnicities and/or nationalities) identifies several stakes of mixedness. One of them arises from childbirth, after which parents need to give name(s) to their offspring. How does the parent–child dyad understand the giving of names in their mixed family? What does naming children unveil regarding interpersonal interactions and the value of children within this social unit? The chapter delves into these questions through a case study of forenaming children in Filipino-Belgian families in Belgium. Interview data analysis reveals two modes of forenaming in these families: individualisation through single forenames and reinforcement of collective affiliation through compound forenames. Through the analytical framework of social relatedness, this chapter uncovers the way the act of naming a child bridges families based on biological and social ties, generations, and parents' nations of belonging in their transnational spaces. The complex process of naming reflects the power dynamics not only within the parental couple but also within the wider set of social relations. Although the use of forename(s) in everyday life and in legal terms differ, the value of children in the mixed families studied lies in their symbolic role as social bridges linking generations and non-biological relationships, the then and now, and the here and there., SCOPUS: ch.b, info:eu-repo/semantics/published