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As global warming intensifies, monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) has increasingly become a focal point of research. Investigating urban XCO2 emission systems holds paramount importance, given the pivotal role of cities as major contributors to carbon emissions. Consequently, this study centers on urban locales, employing Shanghai as a case study for a comprehensive evaluation of regional XCO2 levels. We utilized high spatial resolution imagery from the PRecursore IperSpettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) satellite to conduct an XCO2 assessment over the Baoshan District with a 30 m spatial resolution from April 2021 to October 2022. Our XCO2 analysis was conducted in two steps. Firstly, we conducted a sensitivity analysis on key parameters in the inversion process, where cloud cover severely interfered with inversion accuracy. Therefore, we developed the Fmask 4.0 cloud removal and iterative maximum a posteriori differential optical absorption spectroscopy (FIMAP-DOAS) algorithm. This novel integration eliminated cloud interference during the inversion process, achieving high-precision CO2 detection in the region. Secondly, we compared the XCO2 of the region with Level-2 data from carbon monitoring satellites such as OCO-2. The comparison results showed a strong consistency, with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.75 ppm for Shanghai XCO2 data obtained from the PRISMA satellite compared to OCO-2 Level-2 data and an RMSE of 1.49 ppm compared to OCO-3. This study successfully established a high-accuracy and high-spatial-resolution XCO2 satellite monitoring system for the Shanghai area. The efficacy of the FIMAP-DOAS algorithm has been demonstrated in CO2 monitoring and inversion within urban environments, with potential applicability to other cities.

Owing to advancements in satellite remote sensing technology, the acquisition of global land surface parameters, notably, the leaf area index (LAI), has become increasingly accessible. The Sentinel-2 (S2) satellite plays an important role in the monitoring of ecological environments and resource management. The prevalent use of the 20 m spatial resolution band in S2-based inversion models imposes significant limitations on the applicability of S2 data in applications requiring finer spatial resolution. Furthermore, although a substantial body of research on LAI retrieval using S2 data concentrates on agricultural landscapes, studies dedicated to forest ecosystems, although increasing, remain relatively less prevalent. This study aims to establish a viable methodology for retrieving 10 m resolution LAI data in forested regions. The empirical model of the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), the backpack neural network based on simulated annealing (SA-BP) algorithm, and the variational heteroscedastic Gaussian process regression (VHGPR) model are established in this experiment based on the LAI data measured and the corresponding 10 m spatial resolution S2 satellite surface reflectance data in the Saihanba Forestry Center (SFC). The LAI retrieval performance of the three models is then validated using field data, and the error sources of the best performing VHGPR models (R2 of 0.8696 and RMSE of 0.5078) are further analyzed. Moreover, the VHGPR model stands out for its capacity to quantify the uncertainty in LAI estimation, presenting a notable advantage in assessing the significance of input data, eliminating redundant bands, and being well suited for uncertainty estimation. This feature is particularly valuable in generating accurate LAI products, especially in regions characterized by diverse forest compositions.

Satellite-based hyper-spectral infrared (IR) sensors such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) cover many methane (CH4) spectral features, including the ν1 vibrational band near 1300 cm−1 (7.7 μm); therefore, they can be used to monitor CH4 concentrations in the atmosphere. However, retrieving CH4 remains a challenge due to the limited spectral information provided by IR sounder measurements. The information required to resolve the weak absorption lines of CH4 is often obscured by interferences from signals originating from other trace gases, clouds, and surface emissions within the overlapping spectral region. Consequently, currently available CH4 data product derived from IR sounder measurements still have large errors and uncertainties that limit their application scope for high-accuracy climate and environment monitoring applications. In this paper, we describe the retrieval of atmospheric CH4 profiles using a novel spectral fingerprinting methodology and our evaluation of performance using measurements from the CrIS sensor aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite. The spectral fingerprinting methodology uses optimized CrIS radiances to enhance the CH4 signal and a machine learning classifier to constrain the physical inversion scheme. We validated our results using the atmospheric composition reanalysis results and data from airborne in situ measurements. An inter-comparison study revealed that the spectral fingerprinting results can capture the vertical variation characteristics of CH4 profiles that operational sounder products may not provide. The latitudinal variations in CH4 concentration in these results appear more realistic than those shown in existing sounder products. The methodology presented herein could enhance the utilization of satellite data to comprehend methane’s role as a greenhouse gas and facilitate the tracking of methane sources and sinks with increased reliability.

The detection and monitoring of methane anthropogenic emissions is of vital importance in order to curb global warming. Satellite-based imaging spectrometers, such as PRISMA and EnMAP, have proven instrumental in this task. Methane absorption features from the shortwave infrared spectral range (1000–2400 nm) are exploited by algorithms such as the matched-filter. This method can correctly characterize methane plumes, but retrieval artifacts disturb methane plume detection when using only those spectral channels related to the methane absorption features. Retrievals from simulated plumes and real emission cases from PRISMA and EnMAP data cubes are used to demonstrate that using the whole shortwave infrared region in the matched-filter method results in a better plume detection.

Wire twist technique is an important technique for retrieval of dislodged stent or broken coronary wire in areas where snare cannot be negotiated because of its bulky profile. In our patient dislodged coronary stent had been successfully retrieved from renal artery using twist wire technique. A 59 years gentleman, diabetic, hypertensive and smoker admitted with recent anterior wall myocardial infarction and ongoing chest pain. On coronary angiogram patient had approx. 80% stenosis in proximal LAD and approx. 80% stenosis in large OM1. PCI to LAD done with a 3X24 DES placed from ostium of LAD. But balloon dilation of OM lesion was difficult because of its tortuosity and also a 3X33 stent couldn't be negotiated . During removal of stent balloon came out and the stent was struck and hanging in the LCX to LM to Aorta. It spontaneously dislodged from coronary artery and entered right renal artery. However PCI to OM done with a smaller stent of 3X28 DES. A snare had been tried but couldn't be negotiated through the renal artery using right femoral route and JR(5F) guide cath. As an alternative approach three coronary wires had been passed through the side of the dislodged stent and multiple twisting done through a torquer. Thus the stent was entangled with the wires and the whole system was pulled and removed.

Background: Sperm retrieval from men with azoospermia has evolved in recent times, providing patient hope for fulfilling their dream of having their own genetic child through testicular sperm extraction followed by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESE-ICSI). In the present study, we are correlating the serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and the rate of testicular sperm retrieval. Aim: To correlate the serum FSH levels with surgically retrieved sperms from testes in non-obstructive azoospermia. Method: Sixty-six men presenting with male infertility, diagnosed with non-obstructive azoospermia based on standard guidelines were included in the study. The surgically retrieved tissue was washed in 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) gamete buffer media and scanned under an inverted microscope at ×400. Outcome analysis was assessed through sperm retrieval rate. Result: Testicular sperms were successfully retrieved in 62% (41/66) of men. Sperm retrieval rate (SRR) with FSH values (Group A 20) mIU/mL were 84% (26/31), 75% (12/16) and 15% (3/19), respectively. Conclusion: Chances of sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia using surgically retrieved sperm are as common for men with FSH levels 20 IU/mL serum FSH also which is not a contradiction for TESE for such patients; however, such patient's need to be counselled about the chances of successful sperm retrieval and the consequent pregnancy outcomes.

The inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is an approved and effective device for prevention of pulmonary embolism. Despite declared effectiveness in prevention of pulmonary embolism, certain IVC filter-related complications have been described. This case report deals with successful endovascular retrieval of an IVC filter penetrating into the aorta. The use of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters has been associated with controversy in recent years, largely owing to concerns about the overuse. The perforation of IVC wall and further penetration of IVC filter struts into surrounding tissues belong to the most severe complication. The purpose of this report is to highlight potential severe complications associated with the use of IVC filter and to present the reader how the IVC filter-related complications can be successfully managed by endovascular treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research paper, we focus on designing and developing a fully automated gene regulation from cancerous cell heterogeneity using advanced machine learning techniques. There are several modern technologies developed to make DNA sequencing easier and cheaper. Among them, gene regulation produces the longest read sequences and the lengths of the reads are growing day by day. Machine learning technique like Support Vector Machine (SVM) is developed to align these gene sequences. Every technique faced some challenges, but facing the desired challenges introduce some new challenges on the other side. So, no one tool is perfect for every work. The SVM technique is a new aligner tool that does a tradeoff and performs better from different aspects. For the model with the best generator loss, an average maximum validation accuracy of 91.29% was achieved. The gene regulation with SVM is like a mini-map that takes a few times more memory to index the whole genome of a reference sequence. The single-cell data are the main target of SVM. It is shown that it would help the SVM and similar techniques to align better with long insertions and deletions of single-cell gene regulation. Single-cell data is run against the well-known reference sequence and a randomly generated synthetic reference.

Abstract Aerosols and clouds greatly affect the Earth’s radiation budget and global climate. Light detection and ranging (lidar) has been recognized as a promising active remote sensing technique for the vertical observations of aerosols and clouds. China launched its first space-borne aerosol-cloud high-spectral-resolution lidar (ACHSRL) on April 16, 2022, which is capable for high accuracy profiling of aerosols and clouds around the globe. This study presents a retrieval algorithm for aerosol and cloud optical properties from ACHSRL which were compared with the end-to-end Monte-Carlo simulations and validated with the data from an airborne flight with the ACHSRL prototype (A2P) instrument. Using imaging denoising, threshold discrimination, and iterative reconstruction methods, this algorithm was developed for calibration, feature detection, and extinction coefficient (EC) retrievals. The simulation results show that 95.4% of the backscatter coefficient (BSC) have an error less than 12% while 95.4% of EC have an error less than 24%. Cirrus and marine and urban aerosols were identified based on the airborne measurements over different surface types. Then, comparisons were made with U.S. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) profiles, Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the ground-based sun photometers. High correlations (R > 0.79) were found between BSC (EC) profiles of A2P and CALIOP over forest and town cover, while the correlation coefficients are 0.57 for BSC and 0.58 for EC over ocean cover; the aerosol optical depth retrievals have correlation coefficient of 0.71 with MODIS data and show spatial variations consistent with those from the sun photometers. The algorithm developed for ACHSRL in this study can be directly employed for future space-borne high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) and its data products will also supplement CALIOP data coverage for global observations of aerosol and cloud properties.

Proximal migration of double J (DJ) stent after pyeloplasty poses a difficult problem in infants whose small ureter renders retrograde ureteroscopic retrieval difficult. Previously described antegrade techniques used large access sheaths or blind removal under fluoroscopic guidance. We describe a technique for antegrade retrieval of the stent under direct vision. A 8F vascular access sheath is placed into the renal pelvis under ultrasound guidance. A 6F nephroscope with 3F forceps placed through the sheath grasps and retrieves the stent under direct visualization. This technique is simple, quick, avoids radiation exposure and was used by us successfully in 2 small infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This position statement on the management of separated instruments, endorsed by the Indian Endodontic Society, aims to provide a brief perspective on the challenges faced during shaping of the complex root canal system, and how the inadvertent separation of a broken instrument must be dealt with. The need for referral of such cases to specialist endodontists who are trained to use advanced instrument retrieval systems with the aid of the dental operating microscope is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Guidewire fracture and dislodgment are very rare but can cause serious complications.Method: A case was reported where part of the guidewire was blocked to the posterior tibial. We attempted to remove it using a Solitaire AB Neurovascular Remodeling Device.Result: A Solitaire AB Neurovascular Remodeling Device was successfully used to remove the fracture and dislodgment of a guidewire. There were no complications during the removal of the guidewire.Conclusion: A Solitaire AB can be used to remove a fractured guidewire, which is a simple and effective method to reduce complications. The Solitaire stent gradually crimped and tightened to form a dense inverted conical meshwork, similar to the “trans embolic protection device.” We can use minimally invasive methods to remove a broken and displaced guidewire within the vascular lumen.

The study of planetary atmospheres is crucial for understanding the origin, evolution, and processes that shape celestial bodies like planets, moons and comets. The interpretation of planetary spectra requires a detailed understanding of radiative transfer (RT) and its application through computational codes. With the advancement of observations, atmospheric modelling, and inference techniques, diverse RT and retrieval codes in planetary science have been proliferated. However, the selection of the most suitable code for a given problem can be challenging. To address this issue, we present a comprehensive mini-overview of the different RT and retrieval codes currently developed or available in the field of planetary atmospheres. This study serves as a valuable resource for the planetary science community by providing a clear and accessible list of codes, and offers a useful reference for researchers and practitioners in their selection and application of RT and retrieval codes for planetary atmospheric studies.

IntroductionLong-term memory retention is enhanced after testing compared to restudying (testing effect). Notably, memory retrieval further improves when correct-answer feedback is provided after the retrieval attempt (test-potentiated encoding–TPE).MethodsTo evaluate whether explicit positive or negative feedback further enhances memory performance beyond the effect of TPE, in two experiments additional explicit positive or negative performance-contingent feedback was presented before providing correct-answer feedback. After an initial exposure to the full material, 40 participants learned 210 weakly associated cue-target word pairs by either restudying or testing (Experiment 1). Depending on the accuracy of the retrieval attempt, the tested word pairs were followed by positive or negative performance feedback (50%) or no feedback (50%). Irrespective of the type of repetition, trials were followed by a restudy opportunity. Participants returned to perform a final cued-recall test (Day 2).ResultsFinal test results replicated the testing effect (better memory performance for tested compared to restudied items). Explicit performance feedback in addition to correct-answer feedback increased retrieval performance, but only on Day 2. This pattern of results was replicated in Experiment 2 in an independent sample of 25 participants. To assess the specific effects of learning history, we also examined retrieval accuracy and reaction times during repetition cycles: Explicit feedback improved retrieval for material successfully encoded in the initial study phase (consistent positive feedback) as well as for material learned during the repetition phase (mixed positive and negative feedback).DiscussionPerformance feedback improves learning beyond the effects of retrieval practice and correct-answer feedback, suggesting that it strengthens memory representations and promotes re-encoding of the material.

Background: Prolonged dwelling time of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters has been shown to increase the need for the use of complex IVC filter retrieval techniques. In this report, we describe a case of complex retrieval of an IVC filter with prolonged dwelling time, which was temporarily accompanied by severe bradycardia and hypotension. Case presentation: Fifty-nine-year-old male patient past medical history of morbid obesity, atrial fibrillation status post-ablation, obstructive sleep apnea, and end-stage renal disease presented for IVC filter retrieval 16 years after placement. When the IVC filter was covered by sheaths, and the IVC was temporarily collapsed and occluded, the patient developed severe bradycardia and hypotension without compensatory tachycardia. Contrast injection through the common femoral vein sheath showed complete occlusion of IVC while the IVC filter was covered by both sheaths, likely due to the embedment of the IVC filter in the wall by extensive fibrinous tissues. IVC filter was successfully retrieved, and the blood pressure and heart rate were improved immediately afterward. A large non-occlusive IVC thrombus was identified on the final venogram, which was aspirated using a mechanical thrombectomy device. Conclusion: Complex retrieval of IVC filters with prolonged dwelled time can result in acute severe bradycardia and hypotension due to vasovagal reaction, acute collapse, and occlusion of IVC in the setting of IVC filter embedment in the wall by extensive fibrinous tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrieving previously stored information makes memory traces labile again and can trigger restabilization in a strengthened or weakened form depending on the reactivation condition. Available evidence for long-term performance changes upon reactivation of motor memories and the effect of post-learning sleep on their consolidation remains scarce, and so does the data on the ways in which subsequent reactivation of motor memories interacts with sleep-related consolidation. Eighty young volunteers learned (Day 1) a 12-element Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) before a post-training Regular Sleep (RS) or Sleep Deprivation (SD) night, either followed (Day 2) by morning motor reactivation through a short SRTT testing or no motor activity. Consolidation was assessed after three recovery nights (Day 5). A 2 × 2 ANOVA carried on proportional offline gains did not evidence significant Reactivation (Morning Reactivation/No Morning Reactivation; p = 0.098), post-training Sleep (RS/SD; p = 0.301) or Sleep*Reactivation interaction (p = 0.257) effect. Our results are in line with prior studies suggesting a lack of supplementary performance gains upon reactivation, and other studies that failed to disclose post-learning sleep-related effects on performance improvement. However, lack of overt behavioural effects does not detract from the possibility of sleep- or reconsolidation-related covert neurophysiological changes underlying similar behavioural performance levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unlike conventional understanding of testing that only diagnoses the existing knowledge of the learners, testing has been found to promote learning by providing feedback to the learners. However, it has been found that the testing effect varies from person to person—it has negative consequences for some, while it enhances learning for others. Since the holders of different implicit theories interpret feedback of failure on their performances differently, it is hypothesized that the incremental theory holders will benefit more from testing than the entity theory holders. The current research examines the effect of implicit theories on the feedback of failure on a test. In this study, 2 (implicit theories: entity vs. incremental) × 2 (condition: testing vs. read-only) × 2 (nature of word pairs: related vs. unrelated) mixed subject design, repeated on the last two factors, was deployed. Findings of the study show that learning is better in the testing condition than in the read-only condition, even if the participants' responses are incorrect earlier. Further, the incremental theory holders performed better at the final test than the entity theory holders. These findings show the role of testing and implicit theories in learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area of multimedia information retrieval (MMIR) faces two major challenges: the enormously growing number of multimedia objects (i.e., images, videos, audio, and text files), and the fast increasing level of detail of these objects (e.g., the number of pixels in images). Both challenges lead to a high demand of scalability, semantic representations, and explainability of MMIR processes. Smart MMIR solves these challenges by employing graph codes as an indexing structure, attaching semantic annotations for explainability, and employing application profiling for scaling, which results in human-understandable, expressive, and interoperable MMIR. The mathematical foundation, the modeling, implementation detail, and experimental results are shown in this paper, which confirm that Smart MMIR improves MMIR in the area of efficiency, effectiveness, and human understandability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed computing provides extensive storage capacity for customers to carry out their applications with no investment in infrastructure. As a result, many companies do their trade in the Public Space. For an instance to process the initial information set, many mediator information sets will be used for information exhaustive applications. However, protecting the protection of the intermediate information set is a difficult job. To solve this problem, numerous algorithms are implemented in the literature for retrieval problems. As a result, in my previous study, the optimal privacy protection of cloud-based data search was proposed using an oppositional cuckoo search and an ElGamal encryption algorithm. However, the downside is ElGamal, and the ciphertext is twice as long as the plain text. In addition, this algorithm is slower and necessary for randomness. To overcome the problem in this work, we propose the Optimum oblique Cryptography (OOCC) Algorithm for Encryption. In this, we primarily choose the equivalent node starting with and create the transitional dataset and apply the Opposition Cuckoo Search (OCS) algorithm. We choose confidential material from the intermediate information. We then encrypt sensitive data using the OECC algorithm. We now use an algorithm for orthogonal wisdom element optimization (OLPSO) for input generation. The information can be stored securely in the cloud after encoding; we recover the query dependent statistics securely from the cloud; performance of proposed effort on a variety of procedures, such as data transfer rate, encryption time, memory usage, and information thrashing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Spaceborne snow water retrievals over oceans are assessed using a multiyear coincident dataset of CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) and Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR). Various factors contributing to differences in snow water retrievals between CPR and DPR are carefully considered. A set of relationships between radar reflectivity (Ze) and snow water content (SWC) at Ku- and W-bands is developed using the same microphysical assumptions. It is found that surface snow water contents from CPR are much larger than those from DPR at latitudes above 60°, while surface snow water contents from DPR slightly exceed those from CPR at latitudes below 50°. Coincident snow water content profiles between CPR and DPR are further divided into two conditions. One is that only CPR detects the falling snow. Another is that both CPR and DPR detect the falling snow. The results indicate that about 88% of all snow water content profiles are under the first condition and usually associated with light snowfall events. The remaining snow water content profiles are generally associated with moderate and heavy snowfall events. Moreover, CPR surface snow water contents are larger than DPR ones at high latitudes because most light snowfall events are misdetected by DPR due to its low sensitivity. DPR surface snow water contents exceed CPR ones at low latitudes because CPR may experience a significant reduction in backscattering efficiency of large particles and attenuation in heavy snowfall events. The low sensitivity of DPR also causes a noticeable decrease in detected snow layer depth. The results presented here can help in developing global snowfall retrieval algorithms using multi-radars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep hashing has been widely studied in recent years. However, most existing methods learn hash codes from the whole image ignoring the region details which are important for representing the precise semantic contents. To tackle this issue, we proposed a deep regional detail-aware hashing (DDAH) to fully utilize this detail information. Specifically, to well reflect the influence of details on the hash codes, we handle these details in a "near-Hamming" space instead of directly fusing them in the original image feature space. Furthermore, based on the framework of DDAH, we can capture the details in the network without the need to partition the original image to different regions manually. To be more specific, considering multiple regions as overlapping subimages, we first design a deep network to learn multiple regional details from these subimages, and then fuse them in the near-Hamming space, which is highly related to Hamming space (i.e., hash code space). Finally, these regional details in the near-Hamming space are directly used to generate hash code of the corresponding image. In addition, a self-similarity loss term is proposed to force these regional details together in the near-Hamming space. In brief, compared to existing hashing methods, the proposed DDAH not only utilizes detail information for hash learning, but also incorporates them into the final hash codes. Extensive experiments on three datasets have indicated that DDAH outperforms most existing models, verifying its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital video is widely used to record people's daily lives and share people's moods, but few researchers have conducted research on the consistency of emotional expression between short videos and music. In order to be able to match the appropriate background music to the short video image autonomously and efficiently, the paper analyzed the emotional connection between the two from the audio-visual synesthesia. First, emotional semantics was used as a bridge to connect video data and music data, and a video-music synesthesia data set based on semantic words was constructed. Then, an attention mechanism was incorporated to better extract key features in video images. In the extraction of music features, an improved lenet5 network was used, and the optimal network parameters were determined through experiments. Finally, the two types of features were fused and the mutual retrieval between video and music was performed. In order to compare the performance of different models, different CNN models were calculated in the processing of video images, including VGG16, VGG19, AlexNet and GoogleNet, and the attention mechanism was added to each network for calculation to compare its retrieval accuracy. In the processing of music data, different CNN algorithms were also used for comparative experiments, and networks with different layers were used to determine the optimal results. The experimental results show that the audiovisual synesthesia retrieval model based on emotion can effectively measure the emotional similarity between video images and music, and the method of the paper can produce a good match between them. The research method of the paper is the exploration of computer synesthetic intelligence, which can stimulate the creative inspiration of image and music creative designers. While enhancing the emotional experience of digital products, it also improves the efficiency and quality of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the development of the internet, video has become more and more widely used in life. Adding harmonious music to a video is gradually becoming an artistic task. However, artificially adding music takes a lot of time and effort, so we propose a method to recommend background music for videos. The emotional message of music is rarely taken into account in current work, but it is crucial for video music retrieval. To achieve this, we design two paths to process content information and emotional information between modals. Based on the characteristics of video and music, we design various feature extraction schemes and common representation spaces. In the content path, the pre-trained network is used as the feature extraction network. As these features contain some redundant information, we use an encoder–decoder structure for dimensionality reduction. Where encoder weights are shared to obtain content sharing features for video and music. In the emotion path, an emotion key frames scheme was used for video and a channel attention mechanism was used for music in order to obtain the emotion information effectively. We also added emotion distinguish loss to guarantee that the network acquires the emotion information effectively. More importantly, we propose a way to combine content information with emotional information. That is, content features are first stitched together with sentiment features and then passed through a fused shared space structured as an MLP to obtain more effective fused shared features. In addition, a polarity penalty factor has been added to the classical metric loss function to make it more suitable for this task. Experiments show that this dual path video music retrieval network can effectively merge information. Compared with existing methods, the retrieval task evaluation index increases Recall@1 by 3.94. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hippocampus is crucial for retrieval of contextual memories. The activation of a subpopulation of neurons in the dorsal CA1 (dCA1) of the hippocampus is required for memory retrieval. Given that hippocampal neurons exhibit distinct patterns of response during memory retrieval, the activity patterns of individual neurons or ensembles may be critically involved in memory retrieval. However, this relation has been unclear. To investigate this question, we used an in vivo microendoscope calcium imaging technique to optically record neuronal activity in the dCA1 of male and female mice. We observed that a portion of dCA1 neurons increased their responses to the learned context after contextual fear conditioning (FC), resulting in overall increase in response of neuronal population compared with simple context exposure. Such increased response was specific to the conditioned context as it disappeared in neutral context. The magnitude of increase in neuronal responses by FC was proportional to memory strength during retrieval. The increases in activity preferentially occurred during the putative sharp wave ripple events and were not simply because of animal’s movement and immobility. At the ensemble level, synchronous cell activity patterns were associated with memory retrieval. Accordingly, when such patterns were more similar between conditioned and neutral context, animals displayed proportionally more similar level of freezing. Together, these results indicate that increase in responses of individual neurons and synchronous cell activity patterns in the dCA1 neuronal network are critically involved in representing a contextual memory recall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the terms used in analogical retrieval when examining domains of different relational complexity is analyzed by means of two experiments. Convenience sampling was used to recruit preservice teachers from the Faculty of Teacher Education of the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 60 of whom participated voluntarily in each experiment. In the first experiment, texts with cartoons containing complex relationships of causal circularity were presented. We manipulated, between-subject, the use of the terms analogous or similar when asking participants to retrieve the cartoons and, within-subject, the type of similarity (superficial or structural). The χ² test revealed that, when faced with relations with causal circularity, participants use structural and superficial similarity equally when retrieving. Moreover, when asked in terms of analogy, more circular sources were retrieved. In the second experiment, we manipulated, also between-subject, the use of the same terms when asking about relationally less complex analogues, whose relations were of unidirectional causality; within-subject, we manipulated the type of similarity. Using the χ² test, a greater number of retrievals based on superficial similarity (pseudoanalogues) were found. Likewise, no differences were found in retrieval based on the terms used in the question. These results support a hierarchical conception in line with the cognitive complexity and control theory proposed by Zelazo and Frye (1997). They also suggest that more complex relationships can have a constricting effect on less complex ones, in line with the findings of Catrambone (2002). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabis is one of the oldest crops grown, traditionally held religious attachments in various cultures for its medicinal use much before its introduction to Western medicine. Multiple preclinical and clinical investigations have explored the beneficial effects of cannabis in various neurocognitive and neurodegenerative diseases affecting the cognitive domains. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component, is responsible for cognition-related deficits, while cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, has been shown to elicit neuroprotective activity. In the present integrative review, the authors focus on the effects of cannabis on the different cognitive domains, including learning, consolidation, and retrieval. The present study is the first attempt in which significant focus has been imparted on all three aspects of cognition, thus linking to its usage. Furthermore, the investigators have also depicted the current legal position of cannabis in India and the requirement for reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

John Ryland Jr (1753-1825) was a celebrated leader among the British Particular Baptists, serving as he did as pastor of two influential churches, as co-founder of the Baptist Missionary Society, and president of the Bristol Baptist Academy. He was known in his own day, and increasingly in ours, for his catholicity. This article is, in a sense, a retrieval of Ryland. It examines his theology of catholicity, demonstrating that he rooted his catholic practice not necessarily in agreement upon precise theological propositions but, rather, in a shared experience of Christ shown through a life of holiness. The article then shows how Ryland's catholicity can help inform present-day ecumenical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve WHO's goal of eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV), innovative strategies must be designed to diagnose and treat more patients. Therefore, we aimed to describe an implementation strategy to identify patients with HCV who were lost to follow‐up (LTFU) and offer them re‐linkage to HCV care. We conducted an implementation study utilizing a strategy to contact patients with HCV who were not under regular follow‐up in 13 countries from Latin America. Patients with HCV were identified by the international classification of diseases (ICD‐9/10) or equivalent. Medical records were then reviewed to confirm the diagnosis of chronic HCV infection defined by anti‐HCV+ and detectable HCV‐RNA. Identified patients who were not under follow‐up by a liver specialist were contacted by telephone or email, and offered a medical reevaluation. A total of 10,364 patients were classified to have HCV. After reviewing their medical charts, 1349 (13%) had undetectable HCV‐RNA or were wrongly coded. Overall, 9015 (86.9%) individuals were identified with chronic HCV infection. A total of 5096 (56.5%) patients were under routine HCV care and 3919 (43.5%) had been LTFU. We were able to contact 1617 (41.3%) of the 3919 patients who were LTFU at the primary medical institution, of which 427 (26.4%) were cured at a different institutions or were dead. Of the remaining patients, 906 (76.1%) were candidates for retrieval. In our cohort, about one out of four patients with chronic HCV who were LTFU were candidates to receive treatment. This strategy has the potential to be effective, accessible and significantly impacts on the HCV care cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wear and corrosion at the junctions of modular implants are increasingly recognized issues in the design of hip and knee arthroplasty prostheses, yet less is known about their significance in shoulder arthroplasty. Methods: A query of paired total shoulder implant specimens (eg, humeral head and stem components from the same patient) was performed using an institutional implant retrieval registry. Implants were examined under a stereomicroscope and evaluated for evidence of fretting and corrosion using the modified Goldberg scoring system. Available electronic medical records of included specimens were reviewed to report relevant clinical characteristics and identify potential associations with the presence of tribocorrosion. Results: Eighty-three paired total shoulder implant specimens, explanted at a single institution between 2013 and 2020, were analyzed. Corrosion was identified in 52% (43/83) of humeral head components and 40% (33/83) of humeral stem components. Fretting was identified in 29% (24/83) of humeral head components and 28% (23/83) of humeral stem components. Of the 56 paired implants for which clinical data were available, the duration of implantation (DOI) was less than 2 years in 29% of paired implants and greater than 5 years in 36% of implants. The presence of corrosion or fretting was not associated with DOI, a male humeral head taper, or periprosthetic infection as the indication for revision. Conclusion: Mild tribocorrosion was present in more than half of the retrieved humeral implant specimens. However, trunnionosis did not manifest as a clinical cause of revision surgery in our study.

Vocabulary knowledge is of paramount importance when learning a second language. It requires effective and practical classroom vocabulary learning methods for long-term acquisition. Specific learning aspects helping the learner remember vocabulary such as spaced repetition and retrieval practice have shown efficacy but are often disconnected from practical in-class methods that can be used repeatedly. This study looked at data from 74 university students in Japan studying English vocabulary with the GoldList Notebook Method, which incorporates spaced learning and retrieval practice. The study was conducted over a nine-week period and consisted of a pre-test of target L2 idioms, a lesson teaching the idioms, the implementation of the GoldList Notebook Method, and a post-test on the target idioms. The data collected were analyzed through fixed effects with a generalized linear model in R version 4.0.3 and R Studio 1.2.5. In addition to quantitative data collected through the pre- and post-tests, qualitative observational data was compiled on the use of the GoldList Notebook Method in the classroom. The findings showed efficacy in using the method and found particular merit to spaced learning over two-week intervals. The study further addresses problems teachers may face implementing the method in the classroom and possible ways to alleviate the issues.

In this paper, an efficient technique for image compression and quality retrieval using matrix completion is presented. The proposed technique is based on low-rank matrix completion using singular value truncation and thresholding. Here, an image is decomposed using singular value decomposition (SVD) to obtain a low rank of image data, which is approximated in compressed form. Later on, singular value thresholding algorithm is exploited to retrieve visual quality of the compressed image. The presented method is easily applicable for various visual characteristics of the image for different compression efficiency. A detailed analysis has been presented to show the efficiency of proposed method in term of compression as well as quality retrieval. It is evident from experimental results that a maximum of 80% compression is achieved with acceptable visual quality as per human vision system (HVS).

The dependence of L-band Vegetation Optical Depth (L-VOD, τ) on Vegetation temperature T V is investigated for 1165 boreal forest grid cells selected for latitudes > 55° and high radiometric forest fraction FFO ≥ 90 %. SMOS Level-3 Brightness Temperatures (BT) at ascending orbits acquired from 2011 to 2022 are used. This is a spatio-temporal extension of our previous study on τ T V made over the "Sodankylä grid cell" (Finland) in 2019. It demonstrated the Electromagnetic (EM) reasons for τ T V reaching maximum at 0°C and decreasing when T V is moving away from 0°C. The parameterisation of the "L-VOD model" developed in the previous study is simplified and updated to take into account the conservation of salt in sap-water during freezing. The "forward operator" based on the Two-Stream Microwave Emission Model (2S-MEM) is inverted to retrieve τ SMOS T V together with effective Ground permittivities ε G during seasonal Warming Periods (WPs) determined from ERA-interim air temperatures. The "L-VOD model" parameters T melt WC wood are estimated for the boreal forest grid cells by minimizing squared differences between τ SMOS T V and simulated τ sim T V. The vegetation melt-parameter T melt represents the "number of degrees below 0°C" at which sap-water melts, and WC wood is the gravimetric wood-Water Content of branches. Reasonable values of T melt WC wood are achieved for a majority of the boreal forest grid cells. It is found that T melt tends to be too high over Northern Europe, a region with longer WP durations compared to other regions of the boreal forest belt. By optimising the scattering albedo used to retrieve τ SMOS T V , the correlations between τ sim T V and τ SMOS T V can be increased, thereby improving the reliability of T melt WC wood. The results raise the possibility of an alternative method to parameterise the scattering albedo of boreal forests by means of the reality-based nature of τ SMOS T V associated with the consistency of T melt with expected values. The study also shows that estimating the Above-Ground Biomass (AGB) of boreal forests using L-VOD must take into account the reduction in L-VOD due to the EM-reasons resulting from freezing sap-water in wooden branches, which dominate the radiative transfer at L-band. • Extension of previous study to the boreal forest belt and the years 2011 to 2022. • Melt-parameters of forests and water content of branches were estimated using L-band radiometry. • Sub-zero temperatures reduce L-VOD by freezing sap-water. • Microwave scattering in Northern European forests differs from other boreal forests due to climate. • Forest melt-parameters are affected by the scattering albedo used to retrieve L-VOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel end-to-end image-text matching approach considering semantic uncertainty (SU-ITM), aiming to deal with the one-to-many semantic diversity involved in image-text matching in order to capture the associations between them more comprehensively and improve the robustness of the model. Traditional methods map images and texts as definite points in an embedding space to measure cross-modal similarity. However, the point-based embedding cannot capture the semantic uncertainty, leading to a large bias in the matching results. To address this problem, we model the one-to-many associations between image and text in a way that establishes a probability distribution, incorporating the uncertainty information into the final semantic representation of the text. In addition, we optimize the image-text matching loss so that the different text features approximate the image features in a distributed manner while maintaining the discriminative nature of the semantic representation, effectively reducing the matching uncertainty. Notably, our method achieves end-to-end training by not using pre-trained target detection branches throughout the training process. We fully demonstrate the excellent performance of our method in the image-text matching task through experimental validation on Flickr30k and MSCOCO. Excellent performance levels of 546.1 and 545.0 are achieved on the R@SUM metric for Flickr30k and MSCOCO 1k, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Allografts have been frequently used in orthopedic procedures. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the discard rates and bacterial contamination of a bone bank, and to assess the clinical outcomes of recipients with bacterial culture-positive donor allografts. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1764 allografts which were harvested from living donors and stored in a bone bank from 2018 to 2022. The donors whose allografts displayed bacterial contamination at retrieval of the primary hip or knee arthroplasty were followed for microbiology and subsequent prosthetic joint infection analysis. The infected pathogens, antibiotic treatment and subsequent infection were reviewed for the intraoperative positive culture group. Results: The discard rate was 17%, and the bacterial contamination rate of bone retrieval was 2.15%. Thirty-eight allografts at retrieval displayed confirmed bacterial growth, and 37 patients did not reveal infective signs at 6 months follow-up. A total of 1464 allografts were stored and implanted, among which 28 allografts (1.91%) were confirmed to be positive for bacterial growth and 13 cases (0.89%) were confirmed as surgical site infections. Conclusions: Our results validate the suggestion that our bone bank system performs good quality monitoring to eliminate the risk of dissemination of viral and bacterial diseases and to decrease surgical site infection after allograft implantation. By ensuring aseptic conditions and contamination-reducing strategies during harvesting and thawing, the allografts can be safely stored and implanted while limiting bacterial contamination. Our findings confirm that the intraoperative positive cultures of allografts did not contribute to subsequent postoperative surgical site infection in donors and recipients.

Based on the community radiative transfer model, ensemble tree-based random forest algorithm, and extreme gradient boosting tree algorithm, this study established a random forest retrieval model (RF) and an extreme gradient boosting tree retrieval model (XGBoost) for the microwave land surface emissivity by using ERA5 reanalysis data and the observed brightness temperature of 10.65 GHz vertical polarization from FY3C Microwave Radiation Imager-I. In addition, an optimized Bayesian regularized neural network retrieval model (M2_30NN) has also been established on the basis of the original neural network land surface emissivity retrieval model (M1_20NN). The results show that compared with the simulated brightness temperature of the original land surface emissivity, the simulated brightness temperature of the land surface emissivity from each retrieval model is not only significantly improved in the correlation coefficient with the observed brightness temperature (5.92% (M1_20NN), 4.23% (M2_30NN), 14.21% (RF), 13.07% (XGBoost)), but also in the evaluation indexes of root mean square error, mean absolute error and explained variance regression score in the training datasets. Furthermore, in terms of testing datasets and spatiotemporal independence test datasets, the retrieval results of RF and XGBoost models can capture the spatial distribution patterns that are consistent with observations well, and also show great numerical improvement compared with the original model. In general, the XGBoost retrieval model is the best, followed by the RF retrieval model.