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The study aims to describe the leadership of school principals in a remote area in SDN 2 Bakalan and SDN 2 Kepyar Purwantoro, Wonogiri. This study used descriptive qualitative approach with multiple case study design. Data collection techniques with interviews, non-participant observation, and study documentation. The data analysis consisted of analysis of individual cases and cross-case analysis. Checking the validity of the data using the test credibility, transferability, dependability, and testing confirmability The results are the first to use the leadership style is the style of participation and delegation. Second, application of force participation in the main tasks of teachers, being force delegation on additional duties of teachers. Third, support the leadership of school principals in remote areas obtained from external and internal. External support namely: special allowances for teachers, school support committee, and teacher competence and harmonious atmosphere. Internal support are: experience of organizing, provision of education, self-reliance and innovativeness principal. Fourth, barriers to leadership comes from the geographical conditions of schools, provision of science and the demands of society. Fifth, efforts to overcome the barriers that the special allowance equalization policy, strengthen personal relationships, and intensive communication with the committee and parents Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dasar di daerah terpencil di SDN 2 Bakalan dan SDN 2 Kepyar Purwantoro Wonogiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan rancangan studi multi kasus. Teknik pengambilan data dengan wawancara, observasi non participant, dan study dokumentasi. Analisis data terdiri dari analisis kasus individu dan analisis lintas kasus. Pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan uji credibility, transferability, dependability, dan pengujian confirmability Hasil penelitian, yaitu pertama gaya kepemimpinan yang digunakan adalah gaya partisipasi dan delegasi. Kedua, penerapan gaya partisipasi dalam tugas pokok guru, sedang gaya delegasi pada tugas tambahan guru. Ketiga, dukungan kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dasar di daerah terpencil didapatkan dari eksternal dan internal. Dukungan eksternal yaitu: tunjangan khusus untuk guru, bantuan komite sekolah, dan kompetensi serta suasana harmonis guru. Dukungan internal yaitu: pengalaman berorganisasi, bekal pendidikan, kemandirian dan daya inovasi kepala sekolah. Keempat, hambatan kepemimpinan berasal dari kondisi geografis sekolah, bekal keilmuan, dan tuntutan masyarakat. Kelima, upaya menyelesaikan hambatan yaitu dengan kebijakan pemerataan tunjangan khusus, memperkuat hubungan personal, dan komunikasi intensif dengan komite dan wali murid

Photovoltaic generators (PVG) are increasingly used to provide electricity in remote areas. However, in many applications the DC generated electricity by a PVG need to be converted to AC. Traditionally DC to AC inverters have been widely used for this purpose. In this paper, a different system is proposed in which a self excited induction generator (SEIG) driven by a permanent magnet DC motor (DCM) and powered from a PVG through a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) are used. A step-up chopper is utilized as an MPPT unit. The proposed system is modelled in time domain, and a detailed transient and steady-state analysis are presented. The main reason behind analyzing the system in the time domain is because of the fact that for unknown speeds, the methods developed for steady-state analysis of SEIGs can not be applied. The presented work shows that the full available power of the PVG can be harnessed by selecting suitable values for the duty cycle and the frequency of the step up chopper and the excitation capacitor of the SEIG. It is also shown that with such a combination power utilization efficiency of more than 83% can be achieved.

With the growing effects of global warming and carbon pollution, environmental protection has become an urgent necessity. In addition, solar energy has been accepted worldwide for the generation of electricity. However, remote areas in Thailand have not had effective solar home system (SHS) development. This paper aims to explore the problems of SHS development and analyze the external factors that could have an impact on their operation in the Akha upland community of Thailand. The result of the survey indicates that about 79.38% of the respondents displayed a high-level lack of information and repair work. Moreover, many respondents presented low-level satisfaction in developing SHS. There are four strategies for sustainable SHS development using a factor analysis process, these include creating approval of SHS technologies 24.93%, developing SHS management 22.64%, promoting SHS technologies 14.29%, and supporting SHS policies 10.97%. In particular, this study considered the public views on the role of an organization that could lead to sustainable development of SHS. Furthermore, these should be managed suitably for each community. As a result, this study has provided some valuable references for SHS promotion in Thailand.

The island of Lolland is a showcase example of a remote local community being able to stand up to the challenges of facing environmental and social consequences of climate change while creating economic opportunities. This island has had many years of experience in implementing renewable energy (RE) projects as a way to combating peripheral poverty and promoting economic growth in a relatively remote area. The development strategy lies within the unique concept of Lolland Community Testing Facilities (CTF), which creates a forum between the private sector, research institutions and local political authorities by exploiting synergies among green investments and providing an international testing and demonstration platform for renewable energy technology and products. The present paper aims at giving an overview of integrated longer term energy planning based on Lolland CTF, its components and main features, while highlighting those critical characteristics that could make the CTF model successful and relevant for RE-based local development worldwide.