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Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) has been developed to introduce Next Gen ready WAN infrastructure designed for easy cloud-centric application access in a secured and cost-effective manner. SD-WAN abridges maneuver and supervision of WAN by disengaging the network tool from its regulation modus operandi. The aim of SD-WAN is to replace existing inflexible WAN technologies with much advanced features to enhance ROI for the Enterprise customers. The scope of the study is to determine the drivers for the Enterprise customer, to move from Legacy WAN environment to SD-WAN for long term business benefit through a set of questionnaires to justify their investment for technology migration. It will also help IT managers to structure standard questions that they will use to select the best SD-WAN solution providers to meet their business requirements.

Recent 5G initiatives pave the way to enable cutting-edge services improving on performance and costs of the current TCP/IP applications. The key enabling technologies are those enabling virtualization of both the network components (i.e. SDN) and the Network Functions on the top (i.e. NFV). In the framework, the provisioning of CDN services could benefit from the intrinsic satellite broadcasting channel, if the satellite operators get ready to support such new communication paradigms. In the this paper, the author discusses on the network configuration updates needed in the satellite operator network in order to be efficiently involved in a dynamic and cost-effective deployment of an efficient CDN service based on the satellite multicast.

International audience; Network incidents are largely due to configuration errors, particularly within network service providers who manage large complex networks. Such providers offer virtual private networks to their customers to interconnect their remote sites and provide Internet access. The growing demand for virtual private networks leads service providers to search for novel scalable approaches to locate incidents arising from configuration faults. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach that aims to locate customer connectivity issues coming from configurations errors, in a BGP/MPLS IP virtual private network architecture. We feed the learning model with valid and faulty configuration data and train it using three algorithms: decision tree, random forest and multilayer perceptron. Since failures can occur on several routers, we consider the learning problem as a supervised multi-label classification problem, where each customer router is represented by a unique label. We carry out our experiments on three network sizes containing different types of configuration errors. Results show that multi-layer perceptron has a better accuracy in detecting faults than the other algorithms, making it a potential candidate to validate offline network configurations before online deployment.

We present an automated what-if analysis tool AalWiNes for MPLS networks which allows us to verify both logical properties (e.g., related to the policy compliance) as well as quantitative properties (e.g., concerning the latency) under multiple link failures. Our tool relies on weighted pushdown automata, a quantitative extension of classic automata theory, and takes into account the actual dataplane configuration, rendering it especially useful for debugging. In particular, our tool collects the different router forwarding tables and then builds a pushdown system, on which quantitative reachability is performed based on an expressive query language. Our experiments show that our tool outperforms state-of-the-art approaches (which until now have been restricted to logical properties) by several orders of magnitude; furthermore, our quantitative extension only entails a moderate overhead in terms of runtime. The tool comes with a platform-independent user interface and is publicly available as open-source, together with all other experimental artefacts.

Nowadays, companies strongly rely on Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) to deliver services between geographically distributed branch offices. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) must therefore offer a reliable and cost-effective connectivity solution. VPNs are commonly based on static bandwidth allocation over MPLS tunnels, which cause over-provisioning and under-utilization of network resources. Software Defined Networking (SDN) appears as a solution to provide agile enterprise networking while reducing operators cost. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Hybrid SDN-based network application to provide dynamic services. Such an architecture enables combining centralized and distributed control with traditional VPN protocols to provision services through network slices. The application performs a flexible policy-based routing, selecting the access technology according to the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and the network conditions. The simulations executed over an VIRL emulated environment by Cisco show that the proposed network control enables the services to be efficiently provisioned without the need of over-provisioning the resources. Furthermore, a customized network slicing over legacy equipment guarantees the service requirements.

This paper comes with a solution to the use of multiple simultaneous applications (data and voice) in a secure trouble-free environment. More exactly, it presents a network based not only on hybrid MPLS-VPN (Multiprotocol Label Switching – Virtul Private Network), but also on Quality of Service and Traffic Engineering. The main purpose of this work is to assure no congestion or delays on the routes of the customers and to make space for the allocation of resources for different communication sessions.

The publication in the introduction provides a overview of sources devoted to the analysis of the configuration and technology of the multiservice network. The purpose of the study is to analyze and study, simulate of model a multiservice network on the Packet Tracer program package, which is used for transmitting information based on the OSPF routing protocol to determine the value of information for a single time when the size of the ICMP packet increases. On the developed model, which consists of the structure of Internet technologies based on IP protocol and MPLS technology, the value of the transmitted packet is changed and the value of delay in the developed model is determined. Then, after analyzing the obtained values, as a result of the experiments, the value of information for a single time is determined when the value size of ICMP packet increases.

Current approaches to automate the design and configuration of transport services face several challenges. Firstly, there is a lack of open interfaces between the Operational Support Systems (OSS) and the network layer. The commercially available interfaces to Network Management Systems (NMSs) or directly to the devices are typically proprietary and with limited programmability. Secondly, for the case of IP/MPLS networks, the definition of how a service is built is particular to each operator.To solve this situation, this work presents an approach based on a hybrid SDN in which the definition of a VPN service is made with a modeling language and is not limited to a particular operator design nor a particular set of vendor devices. The IP/MPLS network topology and the VPN services are programmable via standard APIs with RESTCONF/YANG from an SDN Controller. This facilitates the operator on the one hand designing a new VPN service and its full automation. This work demonstrates, for the first time, that such automation is possible with proposed draft standards from IETF and validates its implementation, comparing the time consumed in the controller to process to different workflows from the same model.

With the development of energy Internet, the business types of power grid are increasing day by day, and the demand of multi service bearing is prominent. The mode of multi network hybrid networking puts forward higher requirements for power communication network. Power communication network is becoming more and more important in enterprise operation, and the requirement of low delay of business interaction in power grid production is becoming more and more strict. Compared with the traditional time division multiplexing network, Internet protocol/multi-protocol label switching (IP/MPLS) can improve the performance of data transmission in multi service scenarios and ensure the security of service transmission. In order to improve the carrying capacity and operation efficiency of power communication network under the energy Internet environment, this paper carries out the technical verification of using IP/MPLS technology to build a new generation of power communication network with low delay and high reliability, so as to improve the control ability of business data transmission and further support the construction of energy Internet.

This paper introduces the ADS-B system. The distributed ADS-B system can increase the scope of monitoring and share data. Two distributed algorithms of ADS-B system are proposed, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed in detail. D-select algorithm is used to realize the online operation of the system. MPLS VPN technology is used to interconnect the ADS-B system, and the simulation experiment is used to test the results, the simulation experiment shows good results. The real ADS-B distributed system is built, all network parameters such as jitter, delay and packet loss are normal, and the functions of ADS-B distributed system are normal.

Future vehicular networks in the emerging era of 5G will be characterized by ubiquitous connectivity across heterogeneous networks (HetNets) while maintaining their required Quality of Service (QoS). 5G will introduce numerous small cells, implementing extreme densification, in order to increase capacity. In the context of vehicular networks, this translates to multiple handoffs occurring within seconds. It is critical that an efficient mobility management solution is devised for 5G vehicular networks to maintain seamless connectivity. In this paper, we investigate the use of Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) based micro-mobility management to 5G vehicular visible light communication networks. MPLS has the advantage of fast and efficient packet forwarding. This paper proposes a hierarchical Integrated Services based MPLS architecture to overcome the limitations found in existing MPLS based micro-mobility schemes in terms of handoff latency, registration cost and explicit QoS support necessary for 5G vehicular communication networks.

In the context of rapid social progress, information and network technology are also in rapid development, and the current integrated routing/switching solution is the best application of MPLS technology, the reason is that it has its own unique advantages, that is, according to its own flexibility and simplicity of the characteristics of the IP path seamless link. Let the advantages of the switch and router perfectly merge. In general, IP technology has the characteristics of flexibility and scalability. When these characteristics are matched with the flow control and high-performance functions of ATM technology, the combination of the two is enough to be a hot topic in the current industry. The basic idea is to Label a data stream with a short Label. According to the label, the network node will know the characteristics such as the destination of the data stream and can complete the datagram forwarding after a series of processing. In this article through the thought of, in-depth studies are based on MPLS VPN technology in the construction of engineering efforts to complete the whole project, set out to solve the related technical problems of VPN based on MPLS technology platform, the platform based on MPLS technology of VPN technology ASIC project completion, the current society has put the chip into production. It lays a solid foundation for network operators in the construction of virtual private network. Nowadays, the main direction of VPN development is IP virtual private network (IP/VPN) based on MPLS. In this paper, the working principle and technical characteristics of MPLS VPN are briefly introduced, and three specific access methods of using MPLSVPN technology to build virtual private network of party school systems are introduced in detail.

The Synchrophasor initiative in Colombia, led by the Colombian Electric Power System Operator XM, has deployed a Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) aimed to increase the supervision capabilities, promote new automatic control/protection schemes and improve situational awareness. Currently there are over 120 phasor measurement units (PMU) installed across the country, all of them integrated to the National Control Center (CND by its Spanish name). As the energetic transition of the country continues, several changes in the regulatory framework will take place in the short term, and as a consequence it is expected that in the next five years about 2000 new PMU will be deployed in substations, conventional power generators and renewable energy resources. The continuously growing amount of data produced by the WAMS compared with the traditional approach poses new challenges from the point of view of signal processing, data management and network infrastructure. Since 2008, XM has conceptualized and implemented a communications network dedicated to information traffic associated with the operation of the national electricity grid, mainly synchrophasors. iSAACnet, as it is known, works under the publisher / subscriber paradigm, in which information flows on a data bus and each node can produce or consume information on demand, with the particularity that in iSAACnet each node is an intelligent decision device (iDD) capable of performing advanced processing and serve as multiprotocol gateway. iSAACnet is currently composed of six nodes distributed in substations, the data bus is backed by a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) network. This paper reviews the history of the use of synchrophasor measurements in Colombia, and shares the efforts that XM has made to achieve in the short term having a scalable communications network oriented to the management and processing of information associated to the national grid operation.

The optimization of the transport networks can not only make the network structure more reasonable, but also reduce all kinds of unexpected scenarios in the network operation, improving the network efficiency and reducing the failure rate. Packet transport network (PTN) employs Label Switching Path (LSP) technology, including primary and backup routing. When the primary routing fails, the service can be switched to the backup routing, which protects the service and avoids the interruption of the service. However, the unreasonable configuration of the backup routing will cause the same primary and backup routing problem. That is, the primary and backup routings share the same network node or the same board. Once the network node or the connected fibers fail, the two fibers will be interrupted at the same time, causing the protection of backup routing to fail. To solve the problem, an optimization algorithm for the same primary and backup routing of LSP is proposed. The essence of the optimization algorithm is to search the existing routing using K-shortest path (KSP) between two network nodes as backup routing for LSP protection. Through experiments on the PTN of Xianning Mobile Company, the optimization algorithm can improve the network LSP protection rate by 24%, reducing the risk of failure in service transportation effectively.

The aim of this paper is to design an Internet of Things (IoT) based security and alert system named "Rakshak" which will serve as an easy and quick reporting application or a system for any emergency like medical, fire and police, Rakshak’s main goal is to ensure enhanced safety and security of every individual and has the potential to control and lower the crime rate and the loss during emergencies. This paper describes System block diagram, Functional diagram, Flowcharts of Requestor – Mobile Application, Smart Tag, Controller, receiver – Mobile Application, Alert Station and functioning of each one in detail. This paper also includes design architecture, implementation details, advantages, Misuse Control and Future Enhancements.

Classical electricity grid that is formed of a set of assets generating and transmitting electricity in one way from the production site to the consumers site cannot meet the new customers’ demands. Scientists developed the classical electricity grid using information and communication technologies to allow information and electricity exchange in two directions, and the new term is the smart grid. It requires fast and reliable communication among distributed elements and allows real time exchange of information between customers and operators to enhance grid management. But most of today's network communication systems have been in place for decades. The deployment of new infrastructure is expensive and will take a long time to achieve an economic return. The main objective of this paper is to provide a study of layer 3 OSPF routing protocol and layer 2 modern and legacy communication technologies to help the electricity grid integrate.

Session Bridging, a new form of header compression, significantly reduces bandwidth requirements in multiple use cases. This innovation separates connections into end segments marked by separate protocol instances using normal headers. A transport segment between them carries payloads with compressed headers. The process dramatically reduces the core bandwidth per connection for conversational applications and extends savings into access circuits as well. Session Bridging takes advantage of MPLS or virtual Ethernet connectivity in existing networks. Custom code on a working proof of concept confirms viability for conversational connectivity-real-time voice, live video conferencing, telemedicine, and gaming-applications where latency is a key quality measure. Extensions save additional bandwidth on links between routers and over a Radio Access Network.

SDN (Software Defined Networking) is a new network paradigm that facilitates network management by separating network control logic from switches and routers. Obviously, the separation of the network policy and the hardware implementation help improve quality of service (QoS) provided by the network. Therefore, SDN is able to provide flexible QoS control and perform network resources allocation for multimedia and real-time applications.

Today’s communication is based on packet transmission, which raises the challenge of allocation of available bandwidth with the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. Various bandwidth allocation methods are used to allocate the network resources that need to schedule incoming packets and afterward benefit them distinctively as indicated by their requirements. This paper investigated the WFQ scheduler and proposed an iterative mathematical model to allocate average bandwidth. The paper aims to present the results of our investigation into QoS support mechanisms available in MPLS for different traffic types.

In the era of Internet of Things and 5G networks, handling real time network traffic with the required Quality of Services and optimal utilization of network resources is a challenging task. Traffic Engineering provides mechanisms to guide network traffic to improve utilization of network resources and meet requirements of the network Quality of Service (QoS). Traditional networks use IP based and Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) based Traffic Engineering mechanisms. Software Defined Networking (SDN) have characteristics useful for solving traffic scheduling and management. Currently the traditional networks are not going to be replaced fully by SDN enabled resources and hence traffic engineering solutions for Hybrid IP/SDN setups have to be explored. In this paper we propose a new Termite Inspired Optimization algorithm for dynamic path allocation and better utilization of network links using hybrid SDN setup. The proposed bioinspired algorithm based on Termite behaviour implemented in the SDN Controller supports elastic bandwidth demands from applications, by avoiding congestion, handling traffic priority and link availability. Testing in both simulated and physical test bed demonstrate the performance of the algorithm with the support of SDN. In cases of link failures, the algorithm in the SDN Controller performs failure recovery gracefully. The algorithm also performs very well in congestion avoidance. The SDN based algorithm can be implemented in the existing traditional WAN as a hybrid setup and is a less complex, better alternative to the traditional MPLS Traffic Engineering setup.

© 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes,creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Considerable research and standardization efforts are being made to support time-sensitive traffic, e.g., generated by applications like Industry 4.0 and 5G fronthaul, on packet networks. This letter focuses on analyzing the impact of conveying time-sensitive traffic in operators’ networks when such traffic is mixed with best-effort traffic. Extensions to a continuous $G/G/1/k$ queue model are proposed to evaluate two different Ethernet technologies, synchronous and asynchronous, supporting time-sensitive flows in terms of their influence on the performance of best-effort traffic. Results highlight pros and cons of those technologies to protect best-effort performance. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission for the H2020-ICT-2016- 2 METRO-HAUL project (G.A. 761727), from the AEI/FEDER TWINS project (TEC2017-90097-R), and from the Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA).

Sometimes there is a difference in students' level of knowledge on the topics included in their university courses. The lecturer should present material to all participants regardless of their background. We have selected a differentiated instruction approach to cope with mentioned problem. This method has been used in Reconfigurable Logic, VLSI Design as well as Computer Modeling subjects. The obtained results show that all students benefit from this approach.

Traffic engineering (TE) is one of the effective methods of IP routing used in Service provider networks when routers are overloaded due to uneven utilization of links. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a routing technique used in computer networks that guides data packets from one node to other node based on the concept of short path labels and speeding the traffic flows to support multiple customers. This project describes the design and Implementation of MPLS VPN (Virtual Private Network) along with dedicated traffic tunneling known as MPLS-TE with the help of Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP), Open Shortest Path First protocol (OSPF) and Border gateway protocol (BGP) for IPv6 customers. The network is designed and simulated in GNS3 platform with Wireshark and various QoS performance metrics of the network are calculated to analyze the operational behavior of the network. A performance comparison of tunnel enabled and disabled MPLS VPN network is executed as an additional objective.

In order to meet their stringent dependability requirements, most modern communication networks support fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane. While reactions to failures in the data plane can be significantly faster compared to control plane mechanisms, implementing fast recovery in the data plane is challenging, and has recently received much attention in the literature. This survey presents a systematic, tutorial-like overview of packet-based fast-recovery mechanisms in the data plane, focusing on concepts but structured around different networking technologies, from traditional link-layer and IP-based mechanisms, over BGP and MPLS to emerging software-defined networks and programmable data planes. We examine the evolution of fast-recovery standards and mechanisms over time, and identify and discuss the fundamental principles and algorithms underlying different mechanisms. We then present a taxonomy of the state of the art and compile open research questions.

Sensory and haptic data transfers to critical real-time applications over the Internet require better than best effort transport, strict timely and reliable ordered deliveries. Multi-sensory applications usually include video and audio streams with real-time control and sensory data, which aggravate and compress within real-time flows. Such real-time are vulnerable to synchronization to synchronization problems, if combined with poor Internet links. Apart from the use of differentiated QoS and MPLS services, several haptic transport protocols have been proposed to confront such issues, focusing on minimizing flows rate disruption while maintaining a steady transmission rate at the sender. Nevertheless, these protocols fail to cope with network variations and queuing delays posed by the Internet routers. This paper proposes a new haptic protocol that tries to alleviate such inadequacies using three different metrics: mean frame delay, jitter and frame loss calculated at the receiver end and propagated to the sender. In order to dynamically adjust flow rate in a fuzzy controlled manners, the proposed protocol includes a fuzzy controller to its protocol structure. The proposed FRTPS protocol (Fuzzy Real-Time haPticS protocol), utilizes crisp inputs into a fuzzification process followed by fuzzy control rules in order to calculate a crisp level output service class, denoted as Service Rate Level (SRL). The experimental results of FRTPS over RTP show that FRTPS outperforms RTP in cases of congestion incidents, out of order deliveries and goodput.

International audience; Internet topology discovery aims at analyzing one of the most complex distributed systems currently deployed. Usually, it relies on measurement campaigns using hop-limited probes sent with traceroute. However, this probing tool comes with several limits. In particular, some MPLS clouds might obfuscate collected traces. The resulting Internet maps, their inferred properties, and the graph models are thus incomplete and inaccurate. In this paper, we introduce TNT (Trace the Naughty Tunnels), an extension to Paris traceroute for revealing, or at least detect, all MPLS tunnels along a path. First, along with traceroute and ping probes, TNT looks for hints indicating the presence of hidden tunnels. Those hints are peculiar patterns in the resulting output, e.g., significant TTL shifts or duplicate IP addresses. Second, if those hints trigger alarms, TNT launches additional dedicated probing for possibly revealing hidden tunnels. We use GNS3 to reproduce, verify, and understand the limits and capabilities of TNT in a controlled environment. We also calibrate the thresholds at which alarms are triggered through a dedicated measurement campaign. Finally, we deploy TNT on the Archipelago platform and provide a quantified classification of MPLS configurations. All our results, including the data, the code, and the GNS3 experiments, are fully and publicly available.

Failure recovery has been a hot potato in the maintenance of networks, including software defined networks (SDNs), for many years. To guarantee the network availability in SDNs, some delicate schemes and algorithms have been proposed to pre-compute and set up the backup paths for potential network failures. However, they are generally unpractical for deployment, since they ignore either the failure recovery requirements of different flows or the constrained resources (e.g., flow tables) of SDN switches. In this paper, we propose BOND, a flexible failure recovery system in SDNs. Firstly, we allocate backup rules, instead of backup paths, to forwarding switches with flows’ requirements considered. Secondly, we accelerate the failure recovery with a global hash table and precisely select backup paths to avoid potential congestions in the post-recovery network. To demonstrate the efficiency of BOND, we construct comprehensive experiments with real-world topologies. The results show that compared with Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Fast Reroute (FRR), BOND consumes an order of magnitude less memory to achieve the same network recovery goal. Further, we implement BOND with five HUAWEI S5720 SDN switches, two Dell end hosts and a RYU controller. The prototype experiments of this real network implementation further confirm the efficiency of BOND.

Fast failure recovery is an important issue in large-scale communication networks because the performance of data transmission is degraded for a long time when the failure occurs. Moreover, the energy consumption has increased recently as the amount of traffic becomes large. In this paper, for realizing both the fast failure recovery and the low energy consumption, we propose a low-energy based multiple routing configurations (LE-MRC). LE-MRC can be utilized in several types of networks such as MPLS networks and SDN based networks. In LE-MRC, three new link sets are derived for the fast failure recovery and the low energy consumption. Then, link ports that are not needed for the fast failure recovery are turned off for the low energy consumption. We evaluate the performance of LE-MRC in some network topologies with simulation. We also evaluate with ns-3 how the performance of data transmission are changed by using LE-MRC. In numerical examples, we show that the fast failure recovery and low energy consumption can be realized by using LE-MRC.

The multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) networks have been widely applied in the backbone network in recent years with offering better Quality-of -Service (QoS). The reliability of MPLS networks is of great importance. In this paper, we consider optimal design for MPLS networks, where working and backup paths are optimally selected to minimize networks’ constructing costs under reliability constraints. As both the networks’ constructing costs and the network reliability are related to the lengths of the selected paths, the optimal network design problem is decoupled into two sub-problems: the cost related and the reliability related problems, where the cost related problem has been solved by Sohn et al.. Considering the reliability related problem, we proposed a reliability related algorithm to optimally search for the working and backup paths by greatly reducing the searching space. Both the cost related and the reliability related problems can be solved using the same searching criteria, so the optimal set of the working and backup paths of the proposed problem can be derived by comparing the results obtained from the cost related and reliability related problems. Numerical examples are also provided to verify the reliability related algorithm and the whole multi-path transmission design approach.

Many organizations are struggling to provide high bandwidth and reliable internet connectivity at their branch offices and business locations and getting the most out of their operational expense. The need for internet con nectivity at any branch offices and business locations is not a luxury any more but is a necessity. Let us try to understand how to plan and document the SDWAN (Software Defined- Wide Area Network) implementation in an organization. We will try to understand why it is essential to implement the new technology instead of investing in the existing MPLS (Multi-Protocol label switching) by taking an example of a retail organization. Methods: This project/research was performed using the abilities of Software Defined Network Technology and options available in MPLS (Multi-Protocol Label Switching). The Technical Project management principles were adopted as per PMI (Project Management Institute) waterfall methodology. Results/ Conclusion: SDWAN technology provides an effective replacement of MPLS network connection for providing WAN connectivity for our office locations. It is essential to follow a documented process for appropriate vendor selection based on the available features and other listed attributes in the article. To be successful in the implementation it is essential to per form a POC (Proof of Concept) in a controlled environment and validate results. SDWAN provides better network performance and improves reli ability as the links operate in active-active function.

IPv6 is an Internet protocol with the ability to provide a large number of addresses to allow the connectivity of each existing thing to the global network. It also allows the deployment of many technologies and services of the next generation. One of the major changes that occurred in the IP header with this new version is the addition of the IPv6 flow label field, which was created with the intention of labeling packets that belong to a particular flow to provide an appropriate treatment by routers. However, this field has not been widely exploited yet, and it is being set to zero in almost all IPv6 packets. The main Internet routing problem is that said routing is based on the shortest path algorithm, which leads to the possibility of some paths being congested while others are underused. To solve the congestion problem, many solutions aiming at traffic engineering support have been proposed, but this topic remains an open issue. This paper describes a new solution to support traffic engineering based on the usage of the IPv6 flow label for providing fast packet switching, which we have called PSA-TE6. In this document, we present the PSA-TE6 operation and evaluation regarding the label space reduction, label stacking cost and its minimization. The results show that PSA-TE6 is cheaper compared to the IP/MPLS solution when there is no label stacking, and that PSA-TE6 also outperforms IP/MPLS when the stacking is enabled until achieving a 40% presence of tunnels for encapsulation levels greater than 1.

High bandwidth Internet connections and applications demands aregrowing so rapidly because of the Internet arising usages either onbusiness or entertainment. Adding new links to cover the extrademand is the simplest solution but it always comes with financialissues due to the extra cost it adds. That’s why researchers andleading companies should search for smarter alternatives. InternetService Providers (ISPs) should improve their networks inperspective of the utilization of the bandwidth and the managementof their resources. Two techniques have been introduced separatelyto support in addressing the bandwidth utilization problems in theISPs networks, the Multi-Protocol Label Switching – TrafficEngineering (MPLS-TE) and the DiffServ Quality of Service (QoS).Inthis paper, the two techniques are used together to get the highestperformance, the best resources management and an efficientbandwidth utilization. Multiple experiments have been held indifferent variations using one or more of the Diffserv-aware MPLSTE, Low Latency Queuing (LLQ), Russian Dolls Model (RDM) andMaximum Allocation Model (MAM) model. The best results for bothIPv4 and IPv6 were obtained using Diffserv-aware TE in RDM modelin conjunction with LLQ.

Large-scale data sets of the Internet measurements are commonly used by researchers and operators for investigating Internet performance or for tackling network issues. Looking at sequences of traceroutes in such data sets, it is common to observe paths that change over time. We are interested in verifying if there are periodic phenomena affecting such path changes and, if yes, in determining if they depend on artifacts of the used data set or on topology changes of the network. For this purpose, we devise a novel algorithm for detecting periodicities in sequences of traceroutes. Then, we exploit the algorithm for analyzing the traceroutes produced by the RIPE Atlas, a popular public measurement platform. We study and report the features of the found periodicities and some of their causes. We found that: 1) a surprisingly large percentage of the traceroutes exhibit a periodic behavior; 2) a large number of periodicities depend on the RIPE Atlas platform itself; and 3) a smaller amount is related to the MPLS and load balancing.

One of the main tasks in network design is to evaluate the probability-time characteristics of the functioning of information and communication networks. Considering that the traffic of modern networks possesses the properties of self-similarity, we observe the difficulties while using the traditional mathematical apparatus of public serve theory. This paper presents us the results of jitter simulation estimating the delay, the probability of traffic loss when traffic processing in MPLS network. It was taken the real multimedia traffic and an on-off flow with a distribution of Pareto periods on and off as the researched flows. As the result, we discovered that when the network load increases or network size increases, jitter usually decreases, while the delay and loss probability increase.

The OpenFlow protocol match field capacity is fixed and limited, and packet forwarding in software-defined network lacks valid authentication of data source, integrity verification, and confidentiality protection mechanism. OpenFlow only supports the MPLS label tunnel establishment, and therefore cannot establish a secure tunnel flexibly. In order to solve these problems, we propose P4Sec, a novel software-defined network packet security tunnel forwarding mechanism. As P4 allows the data plane to be reprogrammed to realize the characteristics of packet forwarding, we build a software-defined network security tunnel to prevent data malicious tampering, stealing, forgery and other malicious network behavior, implementing packet routing and forwarding based on gateway identity. Finally, we construct a P4Sec prototype system based on the software switch BMv2, verify the effectiveness of the mechanism through experimental analysis, and evaluate the overhead of the mechanism. The results demonstrate that P4Sec security mechanism ensure the authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality of forwarded data, and realize the secure forwarding requirements of data packets in software-defined network.

Segment routing (SR) has emerged as a promising source-routing methodology to overcome the challenges in the current routing schemes. It has received noticeable attention both in industry and academia, due to its flexibility, scalability, and applicability, especially in software defined networks. The emerging cloud services require strict service level agreements such as packet loss, delay, and jitter. Studies have shown that traditional network architectures lack the essential flexibility and scalability to offer these services. To combat this, a more flexible and agile routing paradigm of SR enables a source node to steer an incoming packet along a performance engineered path represented as an ordered list of instructions called segment list. This is encoded as a multiprotocol label switching label stack or an IPv6 address list in the packet header. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the novel SR technology by describing its architecture, operations, and key applications to date. SR paradigm can be effectively applied to a wide range of network applications, such as traffic engineering, network resiliency, network monitoring, and service function chaining, to achieve efficient network solutions. Furthermore, this paper identifies an interesting set of future research directions and open issues that can help realize the full potential of the emergent SR paradigm.

The path computation element (PCE) is used for the path computation for traffic engineering systems such as multi-protocol label switching (MPLS) and Generalized MPLS networks. It offers a good architecture for the centralized traffic routing and control. The classic routing policy aims to select one “best” path for the traffic, which may cause network congestion in the best link. How to adjust traffic to alleviate or avoid congestion is an important issue for operating networks. In this paper, according to the topology and the traffic model of China Telecom's network, we propose a practical traffic control scheme with load balancing based on the PCE architecture. The objective of the traffic control scheme is twofold. First, an adaptive end-to-end path selection algorithm is proposed to select high-quality main and backup paths with the consideration of cost and path utilization. Second, a global routing optimization algorithm is proposed to adjust the path for the traffic, which considers the congestion feedback, the adjustment cost, and the expectation of load balance. The results show that our proposed scheme is able to efficiently alleviate or avoid congestion problem and achieve good performance in terms of the balance of link utilization and minimum computation time.

Infocommunications of one of the most important and irreplaceable areas of the modern world. It is difficult to imagine a modern society without the Internet, communications, television. Each discovery in the field of infocommunications has a huge impact on humanity.

During the last decade we have seen an explosive growth in the deployment of cloud applications and services. In this context, one of the challenges is Quality of Service (QoS) management, which is the problem of allocating resources to the applications to guarantee a service level along dimensions such as performance, availability and reliability. Compared with the traditional best-effort service model based on BGP and the classical tunnelling alternatives (like MPLS), software-defined-networking (SDN) has the potential to provide a better QoS guarantee for cloud applications and services due to its centralized control, network-wide monitoring and flow-level scheduling. With this in mind, we propose a QoS-aware overlay routing based on the SDN architecture, which consists on the rewriting of IP address and TCP/UDP ports in order to be able to force the packets to follow the desired path on the overlay. We evaluate the proposal through both simulations and practical implementation analysis. In particular, we test our solution using two of the most popular SDN controllers: ONOS and OpenDayLight.

OVERVIEW Architectural Choices in Large Scale ATM Switches Requirements on ATM Switch Architectures for Quality -of-Service Guarantees Traffic Issues in ATM LAN: Principle and Practice Competitive Telecommunications Management and System Development A Construction Manager System Over an ATM Transport Network Operation System: Verification of the Basic Technique of Flow Through Operation in Configuration Management High-Speed Multi-Stage ATM Switch Based on Hierarchical Cell Resequencing Architecture and WDM Interconnection Hyper-Media Photonic Information Networks as Future Network Service Platforms Photonic Packet-Switching: An Overview ATM VP-Based Economical Transport Network Architecture for Multi-Reliability and Broadband Integrated Service Infrastructure New Self-Healing Scheme that Realizes Multiple Reliability on ATM Networks Autonomously Controlled Multiprotocol Wavelength Switching Network for Internet Backbones Network Control and Management for the Next Generation Internet Challenges for the Next-Generation Internet and the Role of IP Over Photonic Networks BROADBAND NETWORKS Issues in ATM Network Service Development, Standardization, and Deployment Quality of Service Guarantees and Charging in Multiservice Networks A Failure-Resistant Self-Healing Scheme in ATM Networks A Study on VP Network Designer Real-Time Traffic Characterization for Quality-of-Service Control in ATM Networks Voice Communication on Multimedia ATM Network Using Shared VCI Shell An Optimal Virtual Topology Configuration for Multicast in ATM and MPLS Networks A Failure-Resistant ATM Transport Method for the Transmission of High-Quality Real-Time Signals PNNI Internetworking Architecture Over ATM Public Networks Phase Assignment Algorithm Based on Traffic Measurement for Real-Time MPEG Sources in ATM Networks Performance Analysis of Layer3 Switch: Case of Flow-Driven Connection Setup ATM SWITCH ARCHITECTURE AND SYSTEMS Input and Output Queuing Nonblocking Switch with Feed-Back Loop The Odd-Even ATM Switch An Architecture Supporting Quality-of-Service in Virtual-Output-Queued Switches Bodhi: A Highly Modular Terabit ATM Switch Fabric Architecture Multicast Packet Switch Based on Dilated Network PPCN: A High-Performance Copy Network for Large Scale ATM Switching Systems A General Expansion Architecture for Large-Scale Multicast ATM Switches A Multicast ATM Switch Based on Broadcast Buses Hybrid Transmission Scheme in HIPPI-ATM Connection and Its Performance ATM Based Broadband Access System using Bearer Connection Control A Pipelined Maximal-Sized Matching Scheme for High-Speed Input-Buffered Switches Design and Analysis of a Packet Concentrator A Contention-Free Tbit/sec Packet-Switching Architecture for ATM Over WDM Networks A Distributed Traffic Control Scheme for Large-Scale Multi-Stage ATM Switching Systems ATM AND IP INTEGRATION Architecture of Cell Switch Router and Prototype System Implementation Scalable Internet Backbone Using Multi-Gigabit ATM-Based Connectionless Switching Experimental Demonstrations of IP over ATM with Congestion Avoidance Flow Control: CEFLAR ATM LAN Emulation for Mobile Cellular Networks Simulation and Measurement of TCP/IP Over ATM Wide Area Networks Performance Evaluation of SVC-Based IP-Over-ATM Networks Performance Analysis of Packet-Level Scheduling in an IP-Over-ATM Network with QoS Control A Study on Generalization of Packet Discard Schemes for TCP Over ATM Performance of TCP/IP Over ATM Over an ADSL Real-Time Cell Arrival Sequence Estimation and Simulation for IP-Over-ATM Networks A New Approach for Real-Time QoS Support in IP Over ATM Networks ATM and IP Integration by Built-In IP Handling Capability in an ATM Switching System An Experimental Study on Performance During Congestion for TCP/IP Traffic Over Wide Area ATM Network Using VBR with Selective Cell Discard Developing Customer-Focused IP Network Services PERFORMANCE STUDY ON SWITCH AND NETWORK A High-Speed Tandem-Crosspoint ATM Switch Architecture with Input and Output Buffers The Maximum Throughput of a Nonblocking Packet Switch with Window Policy Performance Evaluation of AAL1 Switch Networks Frame-Based Worst-Case Weighted Fair Queuing with Jitter Control Adaptive Thresholds of Buffer to Solve the Beat-Down Problem of Rate Control in ATM Networks Method of Implementing GFR Service in Large-Scale Networks Using ABR Control Mechanism and Its Performance Analysis Connection-Wise End-to-End Delay Analysis in ATM Networks End-to-End Call Admission Control in Service Guaranteed Networks Performance Analysis of Fast Reservation Protocols for Burst-Level Bandwidth Allocation in ATM Networks Diffserv-Based QoS Over ATM Access Networks Integration of Scheduling Real-Time Traffic and Cell Loss Control for ATM Networks TRAFFIC CONTROL The Worst Case Cell Arrival Patterns in ATM Networks Connection Admission Control Guaranteeing Negotiated Cell-Loss Ratio of Cell Streams Passing Through Usage Parameter Control A Measured-Traffic-Based Bandwidth Dimensioning Method for Internet ATM Backbone Networks Measurement-Based Real-Time Call Admission Control in ATM Networks Design and Analysis of the GCRA Traffic Shaper for VBR Services in ATM Networks Performance Analysis of Weighted Round Robin Cell Scheduling and Its Improvement in ATM Networks Adaptive Remote Rate Control Using Extrapolation and Correction Mechanism for Periodic Notification of Link Utilization Ratio VP Control for ATM Networks with Call-Level QoS Guarantees New Self-Healing Scheme that Realizes Differentiated Bandwidth Requirement on ATM Networks An Efficient Fizzy Based Traffic Policer for ATM Networks A Programmable ATM Multicast Service with Congestion Control A Buffer Management Mechanism for Achieving Approximately Fair Bandwidth Allocation in High-Speed Networks Controlling End-to-End TCP Flow Using ABR Rate Information PHOTONIC NETWORK Robust IP Backbone Network Utilizing WDM Optical Paths Ultrafast Optical TDM Networking: Extension to the Wide Area Multiwavelength Opaque Optical-Crossconnect Networks Feasibility Demonstrations of Hyper-Media Photonic Information Networks Using Prototype WDM Broadcast-and-Select Local Network Systems A Demonstration of an Optical Switch Circuit with "Bridge and Switch" Function in WDM Four-Fiber Ring Networks All-Optical Code Division Multiplexing Switching Network Based on Self-Routing Principle l-Ring System: An Application in Survivable WDM Networks of Interconnected Self-Healing Ring Systems A Comparison on Capacity Requirement of Optical WDM Mesh Network Protection Strategies A Realistically Architecture of WDM Ring Network Using OXC and OADM Internetworking Based on Wavelength Assignment Photonic Switching System (WAPS) IOG: A Protocol for IP Over Glass PHOTONIC SWITCH Comparative Evaluation of Photonic ATM Switch Architectures A High-Performance Switch Architecture for Free-Space Photonic Switching Systems Switching Node Consideration from the Aspect of Transmission Characteristics in Wavelength Assignment Photonic Network (WAPN) Photonic Core Node Based on a 2.56-Terabit/s Opto-Electronic Switching Fabric Large-Capacity Photonic Packet Switch Prototype Using Wavelength Routing Techniques Optical Code Based Label Swapping for Photonic Routing A Photonic IP Switching Technique Using Code Division Multiplexing Experimental 5-Tb/s Packet-by-Packet Wavelength-Switching System Using 2.5-Gb/s x 8-l WDM Links Optical Label Switching Using Optical Label Based on Wavelength and Pilot Tone Frequency PHOTONIC AND ADVANCED SWITCHING DEVICES Wavelength Converter Technology Polarization Insensitive SOA-PLC Hybrid Integrated Michelson Interferometric Wavelength Converter and Its Application to DWDM Networks Polarization-Independent Wavelength Conversion Using Four-Wave Mixing in Single-Mode Fibers Pumped with Cross-Polarized High Frequency Pulses Hybrid Integrated 4x4 Optical Matrix Switch Module on Silica Based Planar Waveguide Platform Merging Electronics and Photonics Towards the Terabit/s ATM Switching A 10-Gb/s Optical Asynchronous Packet Receiver with a Fast Bit-Synchronization Circuit Temperature Insensitive Micromachined GaAlAs/GaAs Vertical Cavity Wavelength Filter Para BIT: Parallel Optical Interconnection for Large-Capacity ATM Switching Systems High-Performance VCSELs for Optical Data Links 3D Control of Light in Waveguide-Based Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Passive Optical Devices for Photonic Networks

The paper proposes a Fast ReRoute model with the realization of path and bandwidth protection scheme, which can be used in MPLS for SDN. The task of calculating the set of disjoint primary and backup paths during fast rerouting was reduced to solving the optimization problem of Integer Linear Programming. The advantage of the proposed solution is the possibility of implementing 1:1, 1:2, …, 1:n path protection schemes without the introduction of an additional set of control (routing) variables, which contributes to reducing the dimension of the optimization problem being solved and the computational complexity of its practical implementation. The criterion of optimality of routing solutions contributes to the formation of the primary and backup disjoint paths with the highest possible bandwidth. In this case, the path with the maximum bandwidth will correspond to the primary path, while the remaining paths will be used as backup ones in decreasing order of their bandwidth. The total number of calculated disjoint paths depends on the selected redundancy scheme. The study conducted showed the efficiency and adequacy of the proposed Fast ReRoute model when using various redundancy schemes.

The reliable delivery of packets is the major concern for the entire Internet service providers (ISPs) using Voice over internet protocols (VoIP). Therefore, quality of service (QoS) is a fundamental task for all VoIP using organizations. Unfortunately, there is no guaranteed way to ensure QoS, due to the fact that the QoS labels may be peeled off the packet while in the transition through various network elements. The performance of a network can be enhanced by Integrating QoS with internet protocol (IP) and multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks. In this paper we analyzed the QoS performance of VoIP in converged MPLS networks. Since IP systems are exceptionally dynamic, therefore progressive traffic monitoring and administration are needed before VoIP is even transmitted in a network infrastructure. This study provides a new configuration administration over an ISP network infrastructure comprised of converged networks carrying multiple VoIP instances. It is achieved using route reflectors and route redistribution at micro level to ensure a guaranteed threshold QoS at acceptance level in adverse circumstances.