1,252 results on '"magdalenian"'
Search Results
252. Hard core and cutting edge: experimental manufacture and use of Magdalenian composite projectile tips
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Pétillon, Jean-Marc, Bignon, Olivier, Bodu, Pierre, Cattelain, Pierre, Debout, Grégory, Langlais, Mathieu, Laroulandie, Véronique, Plisson, Hugues, and Valentin, Boris
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PROJECTILE points , *TECHNOLOGY , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *EXPERIMENTAL archaeology , *SPEARS , *HUNTING ,PINCEVENT Site (France) - Abstract
Abstract: The technology of the European Upper Palaeolithic yielded abundant evidence of the use of composite projectile heads, in the form of osseous points on the side of which one or several (micro)lithic elements are attached. Yet, little experimental work has been devoted to testing and assessing the parameters of use of this type of composite tips. In this paper we present a pilot experiment with replicas of Magdalenian composite spear tips, made of an antler point with one or two rows of flint backed bladelets. Two series of replicas were manufactured after the lithic and osseous record of, respectively, the Lower Magdalenian from southwest France (c. 20–18 Ky cal BP) and the Upper Magdalenian of Pincevent in the Paris Basin (c. 15–14 Ky cal BP). The 34 experimental composite heads were hafted to spears that were then shot with a spearthrower at the carcasses of two young deer. The results provide some insight into the performance characteristics of the osseous and lithic components, both in efficiency and durability. Finally, possible improvements of the experimental protocol are discussed, as well as the implications of our results for the understanding of projectile point variability in the Upper Palaeolithic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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253. Les colorants dans l’art pariétal et mobilier paléolithique de La Garma (Cantabrie, Espagne)
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Arias, Pablo, Laval, Eric, Menu, Michel, Sainz, César González, and Ontañón, Roberto
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CAVES , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *ART museums , *PREHISTORIC painting , *MAGDALENIAN culture , *ENGRAVING - Abstract
Abstract: La Garma Cave is an Upper Palaeolithic site located ca 15km from Santander (Cantabria, Spain). The lower gallery, which is accessible thanks to two wells, keeps paintings on the walls and numerous objects laying on the floor, objects made in bone or antler which are carved, engraved and painted. The analysis of more than 50 samples taken from the walls or the objects (37 red, 11 black, five yellow, two brown, one purple) takes part in the global project of the “chaîne opératoire” comprehension of the prehistoric painting activity. The analysis is aimed also to understand the organisation of La Garma cave, looking for the various steps of the decoration of the different rooms. The results bring to light the modulated realisation of the wall paintings: few figures were painted rapidly without any specific intention, the majority, on the other hand, were realised after a complex preparation of the painting matter with the use of specific paint pots. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2011
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254. Late Glacial and Holocene sequences in rockshelters and adjacent wetlands of Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic: Correlation of environmental and archaeological records
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Jiří Svoboda, Angela R. Perri, Martin Ivanov, Martin Novak, Petr Šída, Sandra Sázelová, Ivan Horáček, Michaela Divišová, Vojtěch Abraham, Radka Kozáková, Jan Novák, and Petr Pokorný
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,010506 paleontology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Wetland ,Excavation ,15. Life on land ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Paleoecology ,Upper Paleolithic ,Glacial period ,Magdalenian ,Geology ,Mesolithic ,Holocene ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
This paper combines complex archaeological records from excavations of sandstone rockshelters with paleobotanical investigations in the adjacent wetlands of Northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. Several pollen diagramms from nearby peatbogs are used to document the paleoenvironmental development from the Late Glacial to the Middle Holocene. In addition, two recently excavated key archaeological sections were selected to document human behavioral responses to the climatic development: Kostelni rokle, and Smolný kamen. This region remained mostly unsettled during the Upper Paleolithic (Magdalenian or Epigravettian) so that the Late Paleolithic colonization after the LGM appears to be a major behavioral adaptation. The Early and Middle Mesolithic foragers developed this pattern to be optimally adapted to the versatile landscape of sandstone plateaus and canyons during the Holocene. The aim was to exploit its changing vegetational, aquatic and terrestric faunal resources, until the Late Mesolithic.
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- 2018
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255. Nouvelles données sur l’évolution paléoclimatique de l’époque magdalénienne, d’après l’étude lithostratigraphique du Roc-aux-Sorciers (Angles-sur-l’Anglin, Vienne, France)
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Bozet, Emilie and Miskovsky, Jean-Claude
- Subjects
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MAGDALENIAN culture , *STRATIGRAPHIC geology , *SEDIMENTOLOGY , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *ARID regions , *PALEOCLIMATOLOGY ,ROC-aux-Sorciers Site (France) - Abstract
Abstract: Situated a few kilometres from Angles-sur-Anglin (Vienne, France), the Roc-aux-Sorciers cave has yielded in 1927 and 1950 industry of the Middle and Upper Magdalenian periods. Our analyses of the sedimentary filling, dated from isotope stage 2, demonstrate the existence of two climatic sequences in the six ensembles defined during the excavations. A first sequence, at the base of the cave filling, corresponds to the occupation levels of the Middle Magdalenian and of the early Upper Magdalenian. At that time, the climate was globally cold and particularly humid, a conclusion that does not support Bastin''s 1975 hypothesis on the oscillation of Angles-sur-Anglin, which postulates a mild and humid climate. In fact, the climate evolved progressively towards a slight warming from the base to the top of the stratigraphy. During the second sequence, corresponding to the occupation period of the Upper Magdalenian, the relatively stable climate was slightly warmer and quite humid. Stratigraphical and sedimentological data thus provide new information on the conditions under which the filling was deposited and on the palaeoclimatology of the Poitou-Charentes region during Magdalenian occupation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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256. Reassessing the diet of Upper Palaeolithic humans from Gough's Cave and Sun Hole, Cheddar Gorge, Somerset, UK
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Stevens, Rhiannon E., Jacobi, Roger M., and Higham, Thomas F.G.
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PALEOLITHIC Period , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL human remains , *DIET , *ISOTOPES , *BONES - Abstract
Abstract: reconstructed the diet of the human remains found in Gough''s and Sun Hole Cave through isotope analysis. They concluded that these people consumed an entirely terrestrial-based diet. Their reconstruction was based upon comparison of the results from human bones with those from a very small number of associated animals. The diets of the Gough''s and Sun Hole Cave human were different from the other six Upper Palaeolithic humans from the British Isles for which dietary information has been obtained through isotope analysis. The work of suggests that they were the only ones for whom marine or freshwater resources did not play a significant role in their diets. We test this through further analyses of faunal remains from Gough''s Cave, Sun Hole and other contemporary sites (Kent''s Cavern, Aveline''s Hole, Kendrick''s Cave). Despite the limited faunal sample, the original palaeodietary reconstruction is broadly consistent with our findings. The isotope values of the main protein sources consumed by the humans from both sites are consistent with those of red deer and bovines, and, for a single individual, with that of horse and red deer. Reindeer was postulated in the original reconstruction as a potential food source, but this seems very unlikely based on our isotope reconstruction and the archaeological remains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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257. Le travail des matières d’origine dure animale dans le Magdalénien Morave : l’exemple des aiguilles à chas
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Lázničková-Galetová, Martina
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MAGDALENIAN culture , *ANTIQUITIES , *NEEDLES & pins , *TECHNOLOGY , *SPATIAL analysis (Statistics) in archaeology - Abstract
Abstract: Needles made from hard animal tissues are a stereotyped artefact; they have been found in six caves of the Moravian Karst / Czech Republic (Pekárna, Žitného, Kůlna, Býčí skála, Verunčina, Křížova) containing Magdalenian layers. The paper deals with the technology of the production of these objects on the example of the Pekárna cave that has provided a lot of these artefacts in various degrees of wear, fragments, exploitation matrices and uncompleted needles. By the mean of spatial analysis we try to reconstitute the original context in the cave and insert the concerned artefact into the frame of the exploitation, treatment and utilisation of hard animal tissues by Magdalenian hunters in Moravia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2010
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258. Noves aportacions al Paleolític superior final en el nord del País Valencià: els jaciments de la serra d'Irta (Baix Maestrat).
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ROMAN MONROIG, Dídac
- Abstract
Copyright of Archivo de Prehistoria Levantina is the property of Museu de Prehistoria de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
259. El Mirón Cave (Ramales, Cantabria, Spain) Date List V: Middle Paleolithic and Lower Magdalenian.
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Straus, Lawrence G and González Morales, Manuel R
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RADIOCARBON dating ,PALEOLITHIC Period ,MAGDALENIAN culture ,CALIBRATION ,CAVES - Abstract
This fifth date list for the long cultural sequence in El Mirón Cave (Cantabria, Spain) reports on new radiocarbon assays for the Middle Paleolithic and Lower Magdalenian levels, ranging from about >45 to 15 uncalibrated kyr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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260. Des peintures et des gravures pariétales sur une formation stalagmitique de la Cámara de Santimamiñe (Biscaye). De l’étude au comportement graphique magdalénien
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González Sainz, César
- Subjects
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STALACTITES & stalagmites , *MAGDALENIAN culture , *PALEOLITHIC art , *DOCUMENTATION , *ROCK art (Archaeology) , *ENGRAVING - Abstract
Abstract: We study here a little-known parietal composition in the Chamber at Santimamiñe Cave. This composition was damaged during the use of the site as a show cave. The analysis of old photographs and the direct examination of the engravings has enabled a more precise understanding of this parietal art and its wider integration within graphic uses and conventions in the Magdalenian period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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261. Radiocarbon and stable isotope investigations at the Central Rhineland sites of Gönnersdorf and Andernach-Martinsberg, Germany
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Stevens, Rhiannon E., O'Connell, Tamsin C., Hedges, Robert E.M., and Street, Martin
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RADIOCARBON dating , *STABLE isotopes , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL site location , *GLACIAL Epoch , *MAGDALENIAN culture , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. , *BONES - Abstract
Abstract: The late glacial open-air sites of Gönnersdorf and Andernach-Martinsberg in the German Central Rhineland are well known for their Magdalenian occupation and activities. The latter site also produced evidence for a younger, Final Palaeolithic occupation of the locality by people of the Federmessergruppen. Both sites are particularly well preserved, largely due to their burial beneath volcanic deposits of the late glacial Laacher See eruption. We conducted a program of AMS radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analyses with the aim of improving understanding of the chronological history and ecological setting of the two sites. Previously published radiocarbon dates appeared to indicate that the earliest Magdalenian occupation at Gönnersdorf fell around 12,900 uncalibrated 14C yr BP, while the earliest occupation at Andernach may have been more than 500 radiocarbon years earlier. The AMS determinations presented here revise this impression and suggest that the onset of occupation at the two sites was in fact simultaneous and prior to the warming of Greenland Interstadial GI 1e. At Gönnersdorf, a chronological hiatus exists between the main Magdalenian faunal assemblage and mega-faunal remains interpreted as collected sub-fossil material. At Andernach-Martinsberg, there is a clear chronological hiatus between the Magdalenian occupation and subsequent Federmessergruppen activities at the site. However, an intermediate radiocarbon date on an atypically preserved horse bone is suggestive of ephemeral human visits to the site between these well demonstrated phases. A date of similar age on an elk bone from Gönnersdorf may indicate broadly contemporaneous human presence at Gönnersdorf too. Stable isotope analysis of faunal remains from Gönnersdorf and Andernach-Martinsberg was conducted with the aim of both reconstructing and comparing local environmental conditions at the two sites, and also potentially identifying subtle variations in the chronological development of the two sites not detectable at the level of precision of current radiocarbon dating techniques. No spatial trends in the faunal isotope signatures were observed within each site. In the case of samples with both radiocarbon and isotope data, no chronological pattern was observed for the isotope results. The Magdalenian faunal isotope signatures at the two sites resembled each other, suggesting comparable climatic and environmental conditions. The faunal δ13C signatures at Gönnersdorf and Andernach-Martinsberg were similar to those at contemporary European sites. While the faunal δ15N values were similar to those at contemporary sites in Germany, the UK, and Belgium, they were lower than those from the South of France. This difference in δ15N values is thought to relate to regional differences in the timing of changes in soil and plant nitrogen cycling in response to ameliorating climatic conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
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262. Les saïgas dans l’art magdalénien
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Bosinski, Gerhard
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PALEOLITHIC art , *SAIGA (Genus) , *MAGDALENIAN culture , *ANTELOPES in art , *CHRONOLOGY , *ZOOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Abstract: The saïga antelope in Magdalenian Art. The saïga antelope is the size of a goat. It is perfectly adapted to an arid climate and can also endure heat and cold. Its large nose has a cavity in which inhaled cold or warm air is adapted to body temperature. Today the saïga antelope lives in the arid steppes of Central Asia, first of all in Kazakhstan. In historical times, its range extended westwards to the Ukraine. In especially dry and cold periods of the Palaeolithic, the animal was found as far west as Brittany and Cantabria. With 22 representations at 16 sites the saïga antelope was only seldom depicted in the Magdalenian. This corresponds to its minor importance as a hunted animal. Only at Moulin Neuf and other sites in the Gironde region was the saïga antelope a frequent prey. Most of the sites with representations of the saïga delivered only a few or no bones of the animal. Chronologically, the representations cover the timespan from Middle (Moulin Neuf, Enlène) to Final (Peyrat, Limeuil) Magdalenian. During the first part of the Middle Magdalenian (Magd. III), the saïga antelope was an element of the fauna in Southwestern Europe, but the animal was known until the end of Magdalenian. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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263. EL TOSSAL DE LA ROCA: The Pleistocene-Holocene Transition in the Mediterranean Region of Eastern Spain.
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Quesada, Carmen Cacho and Pardo, Jesús F. Jordá
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PLEISTOCENE-Holocene boundary , *HUNTER-gatherer societies , *PREHISTORIC bone implements , *HOLOCENE paleoclimatology , *ECONOMIC anthropology , *MAGDALENIAN culture , *NEOLITHIC Period - Abstract
A series of marked environmental changes took place during the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene, to which the hunter-gatherers adapted by modifying their technology and subsistence practices. In parallel with these changes, territoriality increased and significant transformations in artistic expression occurred. This paper assesses the archaeological record of the Iberian Mediterranean watershed to analyze various aspects. of this adaptive process, which unfolded gradually from the end of the Magdalenian to the beginning of the Neolithic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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264. Comparaisons taphonomiques de sites magdaléniens du Bassin parisien : les faunes de Ville-Saint-Jacques (Seine-et-Marne) et Étiolles (Essonne)
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Bignon, Olivier
- Subjects
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FISHING nets , *SURVEYS , *TAPHONOMY , *PALEONTOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: The preservation of faunal remains in the Magdalenian sites of the Paris Basin only occurs for one third of the cases. This taphonomic bias is very likely in relation with the open-air locations where the majority of regional sites have been discovered. Nevertheless, the Magdalenian settlement shows a certain variability across the landscape: lowland sites, hillside sites, rock shelter sites. This paper aims to highlight the potential interactions between such physical context variability and the taphonomical features of Magdalenian faunal preservations. The issues presented here mainly focus on the comparison of the two faunal remains’ assemblages of Étiolles (a lowland site of the Seine valley) and Ville-Saint-Jacques (hill side site closed to the Seine valley). These faunal assemblages have been studied using the same set of qualitative and quantitative criteria in order to facilitate direct comparisons. This paper must be viewed as the first step of a more systematical survey of Magdalenian faunal assemblages in the Paris Basin. Finally, the main goal of this survey aims to point out the respective zooarchaeological potential of such sites, and by the way, to reach their global socioeconomic significations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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265. The use of optimal foraging theory to estimate Late Glacial site catchment areas from a central place: The case of eastern Cantabria, Spain
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Arroyo, Ana Belén Marín
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WATERSHEDS , *CENTRAL places - Abstract
Abstract: By defining the area of economic influence associated with a given archaeological site, valuable information can be obtained about human occupation patterns, whilst differentiation of the surrounding biotopes facilitates research into the adaptive relationship between subsistence strategy and resource availability. Despite the inherent potential of this type of analysis, its development comes up against important conceptual and methodological limitations. The present article analyses the possibility of using optimal foraging theory, as representative of the hunting behaviour of hunter–gatherer groups, in the accurate objective estimation of the catchment areas of a site. The obtained results are applied to the study of the reasons behind the geographical site specialisations observed in eastern Cantabria, Spain during the Magdalenian. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2009
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266. On stone-boiling technology in the Upper Paleolithic: behavioral implications from an Early Magdalenian hearth in El Mirón Cave, Cantabria, Spain
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Nakazawa, Yuichi, Straus, Lawrence G., González-Morales, Manuel R., Solana, David Cuenca, and Saiz, Jorge Caro
- Subjects
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STONE boiling , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *HEARTHS , *CAVES - Abstract
Abstract: Stone boiling is one of the principal cooking methods used by hunter-gatherer societies. The present paper proposes behavioral and organizational inferences as to how stone boiling was incorporated into hunter-gatherer subsistence practices through an examination of a shallow-basin hearth in an Early Magdalenian level (c. 15,500 14C B.P.) of El Mirón Cave, Cantabria (northern Spain). Exploratory analysis of spatial patterns of archaeological remains (bones, lithic artifacts, and fire-cracked rocks) and use-life analysis of fire-cracked rocks demonstrate that the hearth was used and maintained during visits of humans who preyed mainly on ibex and red deer near the site. The relative accessibility of these ungulates and cost-induced technology of stone boiling suggest the implication that stone boiling was employed to maximize the energy and nutrition obtained from carcasses of these game taxa under the circumstance of resource intensification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
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267. Palaeolithic Western and North Central Europe
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Pettitt, Paul and Insoll, Timothy, book editor
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- 2017
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268. The zooarchaeology of complexity and specialization during the Upper Palaeolithic in Western Europe: changing diversity and evenness
- Author
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Boyle, Katherine, Albarella, Umberto, book editor, Rizzetto, Mauro, book editor, Russ, Hannah, book editor, Vickers, Kim, book editor, and Viner-Daniels, Sarah, book editor
- Published
- 2017
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269. First evidence of a whale-bone industry in the western European Upper Paleolithic: Magdalenian artifacts from Isturitz (Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France)
- Author
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Pétillon, Jean-Marc
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- 2008
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270. L’exploitation non alimentaire des ressources animales pendant le Magdalénien au Nord-Est de la Peninsule Ibérique. L’exemple de la grotte du Parco (Alòs de Balaguer, Lleida, Espagne)
- Author
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Tejero, José Miguel and Fullola, Josep María
- Subjects
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CAVES , *FOSSIL animals , *HUNTING equipment , *ANTLERS , *BONES - Abstract
Abstract: Parco cave, discovered in 1974, has yielded more than 50 objects fashioned of hard animal parts from levels dating to later phases of the Magdalenian. In the work described here, we have undertaken a technotypological analysis of this previously unstudied bone and antler assemblage. The osseous series from Parco are homogeneous and very similar to those from nearby sites of roughly the same time period; that is to say of the late Upper Magdalenian of the peninsular Mediterranean. The latter are composed primarily of hunting weapons dominated by antler projectile points, as well as eyed bone needles and a few shell ornaments. Technological analysis shows production in which there is a tight relationship between morphological type and raw material employed. The production schema saw the removal of blanks by means of groove and splinter technique, followed by shaping of pieces by scraping and finishing of them – in some cases by abrasion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
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271. Archaeological implications of human-derived manganese coatings: a study of blackened bones in El Mirón Cave, Cantabrian Spain
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Marín Arroyo, A.B., Landete Ruiz, M.D., Vidal Bernabeu, G., Seva Román, R., González Morales, M.R., and Straus, L.G.
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SPELEOLOGY , *COATING processes , *THIN films , *SURFACES (Technology) - Abstract
Abstract: The main interest in the study of taphonomic processes lies, from the archaeological point of view, in being able to draw conclusions about human behaviour from them. This paper analyzes the causes of a specific taphonomic alteration: the differential appearance across levels and among site areas of a black stain on bones from the Magdalenian levels in El Mirón Cave. From an understanding of these taphonomic agents, we aim to achieve a better comprehension of aspects of human use of the cave toward the end of the Late Glacial period. By determining the processes that stained many of the bones with manganese in the rear part of the cave vestibule, we are able to suggest some characteristics of the human occupation of the cave and its possible seasonal use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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272. Virtual reconstitution and new palaeopathological study of the Magdalenian child's skull of Rochereil
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Mafart, Bertrand, Guipert, Gaspard, Alliez-Philip, Camille, and Brau, Jean-Jacques
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SKULL , *MAGDALENIAN culture , *HYDROCEPHALUS , *ELECTRON microscopy - Abstract
Abstract: A fragmented skull of a child aged between two and four years was discovered within a Magdalenian level (11255±50 BP, OxA-16932) in the cave of Rochereil in the Dordogne département, France. The presence of a lacuna in the frontal bone and the general appearance of the skull had led to the conclusion of a postmortem trepanation of one hydrocephalous child. Examination of the tables and of the diploe and, by means of electron microscopy, of the edges shows that the frontal lacuna is a pathological lesion and not a trepanation. Several dysmorphic and dysplasic lesions of deciduous teeth are associated. The virtual three-dimensional reconstruction of the cerebral skull rules out the previous diagnosis of hydrocephaly. The only tenable diagnosis is macrocrania. Numerous aetiologies can be cautiously evoked for the large cranial lacuna and the associated dysmorphic lesions, but no conclusive diagnosis can be put forward for this insulated skull. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
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273. Subsistence change, landscape use, and changing site elevation at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition in the Dordogne of southwestern France
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Jones, Emily Lena
- Subjects
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LAND use , *HUMAN settlements , *HUMAN ecology - Abstract
Abstract: The dramatic topography of the Dordogne Valley region of southwestern France has long been recognized as an influence on prehistoric human settlement and subsistence patterns. Previous research on late Pleistocene settlement patterns in this region implies that, as cold-adapted higher-ranked resources became scarce in the lowlands, site location in the Dordogne and adjacent river valleys should shift towards higher-elevation areas during the period from 18,000 to 6500 years BP. This study employs a GIS-based analysis to evaluate the changing settlement patterns in the Dordogne region at this time. While no significant changes in elevation were found during this period, site elevation variance does appear to increase significantly between the Magdalenian and the Sauveterrian. Explanations for this finding are explored using zooarchaeological data from Moulin du Roc, one of the sites in the data set. Results suggest that the Magdalenian period in the Dordogne may not have been as resource-rich as is often assumed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2007
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274. Lithic Economy and Specialized Activities Among the Iberomaurusian Populations of Tamar Hat Rockshelter (Northeastern Algeria)
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Latifa Sari and Kyung-Jin Kim
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,060102 archaeology ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Hafting ,Stone Age ,Geography ,Iberomaurusian ,Upper Paleolithic ,Assemblage (archaeology) ,0601 history and archaeology ,Late Glacial Maximum ,Magdalenian ,Animal bone ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Tamar Hat rockshelter (Bejaia, northeastern Algeria) has yielded a lithic assemblage showing general characteristics of an Iberomaurusian Early Late Stone Age nature. Specific “becs,” which we shall call “becs of Tamar Hat,” appear as an important component of the assemblage in the upper occupations, which occurred at the end of Late Glacial Maximum. These becs, from a technological point of view and especially by their shaping processes, constitute a reliable reference collection, though showing morphological variability resulting in part to the reduction process. The use-wear analysis conducted, based on a microscopic examination validated by experimentation, testifies the becs would have functioned for engraving hard bone, such as those of deer. Other scars observed on the sharp edge and lower face near the active portion of the tool are caused by hafting. Hence, the results of the technological and functional analyses of the becs from Tamar Hat reveal the presence of specialized activities in the upper occupations, related to the animal bone processing. These results are supported by the archaeozoological study, which confirms that the site functioned as a seasonal habitat, where Megacerin deer was exploited in the upper occupations for utilitarian, non-food purposes. The emergence of the use of the becs of Tamar Hat is synchronous with the end of the Upper Paleolithic, prior to the expansion of bec use in the Upper Magdalenian of Europe, where technical and stylistic convergences were observed. This raises the question of the emergence of these lithic implements in North Africa and the possible spread of similar industries elsewhere.
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- 2017
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275. Magdalenian Children: Projectile Points, Portable Art and Playthings
- Author
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Michelle C. Langley
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,History ,060102 archaeology ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Archaeological record ,Projectile point ,Cultural universal ,Playthings ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Object (philosophy) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Ethnography ,Portable art ,0601 history and archaeology ,book.magazine ,Magdalenian ,book ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Summary Children, no doubt, were a significant component of Upper Palaeolithic societies. Despite this fact, however, serious identification and consideration of material culture which may have belonged to children – at least at one time during their use-life – have not been undertaken. This situation extends to the best represented and most intensively studied of the European Palaeolithic techno-complexes, the Magdalenian (c.21,000–14,000 cal BP), and consequently, we know very little about the children of this enigmatic people. As play, including object play, is a ‘true cultural universal’, we can be certain that Magdalenian children integrated objects into their games, with these playthings later incorporated into the archaeological record. Through examining ethnographic accounts of recent hunter-gatherer children and reconsidering archaeological assemblages in light of these data, this paper suggests that Magdalenian playthings probably included full-sized adult weapon tips and – more significantly – pieces of what archaeologists term ‘art mobilier’.
- Published
- 2017
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276. Aspectos lúdicos de lo cotidiano en el Arte Paleolítico
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Alberto Lombo Montañés
- Subjects
Laughter ,Prehistory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Phenomenon ,Art ,Magdalenian ,Everyday life ,Humanities ,Period (music) ,media_common - Abstract
Smiles, laughter and caricatures detected on certain Palaeolithic human representations permit us to draw some conclusions about the ludic component of everyday life in Prehistory. This paper offers a definition, classification and analysis of the selected motives and suggests that this playful phenomenon, based on exaggerated forms and cheerful expressions, was developed on different regions in present-day France during the Magdalenian period. These documents provide the graphic proof of the existence of a real prehistoric sense of humour.
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- 2017
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277. Demic and cultural diffusion in prehistoric Europe in the age of ancient genomes
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Eugene E. Harris
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,010506 paleontology ,Human Migration ,Population Dynamics ,Population ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Culture change ,Anthropology, Physical ,Prehistory ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bronze Age ,Cultural Evolution ,Humans ,DNA, Ancient ,Magdalenian ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Genome, Human ,General Medicine ,European population ,Biological Evolution ,Archaeology ,Europe ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Anthropology ,Upper Paleolithic ,Ethnology ,Metagenomics - Abstract
Ancient genomes can help us detect prehistoric migrations, population contractions, and admixture among populations. Knowing the dynamics of demography is invaluable for understanding culture change in prehistory, particularly the roles played by demic and cultural diffusion in transformations of material cultures. Prehistoric Europe is a region where ancient genome analyses can help illuminate the interplay between demography and culture change. In Europe, there is more archeological evidence, in terms of detailed studies, radiometric dates, and explanatory hypotheses that can be evaluated, than in any other region of the world. Here I show some important ways that ancient genomes have given us insights into population movements in European prehistory. I also propose that studies might be increasingly focused on specific questions of culture change, for example in evaluating the makers of "transitional" industries as well as the origins of the Gravettian and spread of the Magdalenian. I also discuss genomic evidence supporting the large role that demic expansion has played in the Neolithization of Europe and the formation of the European population during the Bronze Age.
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- 2017
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278. Two sides of the same coin—rocks, bones and site function of Picareiro Cave, central Portugal
- Author
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Bicho, Nuno, Haws, Jonathan, and Hockett, Bryan
- Subjects
- *
CAVING , *HABITATS , *ANIMAL products , *CATTLE industry - Abstract
Abstract: The issue of site function rarely has been a main focus in the study of Portuguese Upper Paleolithic. This fact may be related to a lack of interest in this research area. More likely, however, it is due to the fact that there are relatively few Paleolithic sites with data that allow a serious study of site function. At Picareiro Cave, central Portugal, there are various data sets from level F/G dated to the latter Magdalenian that are adequate for this type of research. These are habitat structures, lithic artifacts, macro- and mesofauna, as well as 3D location of all artifacts and fauna larger than 1cm. Based on the interpretation of the analytical results of each data set, it is possible to reconstruct site function of this particular level of Picareiro Cave. The morphology of one of the hearths, being very large in size, with the base prepared and a pavement surrounding it, as well as the condition and diversity of fauna, indicates that it was used for processing the meat of rabbits, red deer, and wild boar, probably through smoking and grilling. All of the evidence from the different types of data (lithic artifacts, habitat structures, use of space, and fauna) indicate that Layers F/G of Picareiro Cave are the result of a specific task, that of processing animal carcasses of rabbits, red deer, and wild boar. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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- View/download PDF
279. La variabilité graphique du Molí del Salt (Vimbodí, Catalogne, Espagne) et l'art mobilier de la fin du Paléolithique supérieur à l'est de la Péninsule Ibérique
- Author
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García Díez, Marcos and Vaquero, Manuel
- Subjects
- *
SPANISH art , *PALEOLITHIC Period - Abstract
Abstract: The Upper Paleolithic of Catalonia has been so far characterized by a very weak presence of artistic representations. This scarcity was especially surprising if we take into account the huge number of discoveries from other zones of the Iberian Peninsula (Valencia, the Cantabrian region). In this paper we present four objects of portable art found at the Molí del Salt site (Vimbodí, Conca de Barberà, Tarragona). Below a mesolithic layer, dated to 8 ka BP, there is an Upper Magdalenian sequence with several dates between 10.8 and 12.5 ka BP. These magdalenian levels have yielded four plaques of schist with engravings, including several animal figurines and one human representations. Once the objects are described, we will place them in the context of the portable art from the Late Upper Paleolithic of Mediterranean Spain. From these data, the chronocultural successions based on the Upper Magdalenian–Microlaminar Epipaleolithic distinction will be discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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280. Une préhampe magdalénienne en bois de renne aux Petits Guinards (Allier, France)
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Chauvière, François-Xavier, Fontana, Laure, Lang, Laurent, Bonani, Georges, and Hajdas, Irka
- Subjects
- *
ANTLERS , *REINDEER , *BONES , *RADIOCARBON dating , *PALEONTOLOGY - Abstract
Abstract: A reindeer antler foreshaft from the Magdalenian site of the ‘Petits Guinards’ (Allier, France). The site of the ‘Petits Guinards’ in Creuzier-le-Vieux (Allier, France) yielded an important assemblage, at the scale of the Massif central, of bone industry. Among the different technical and functional categories represented, a fragment of reindeer antler is interpreted as the foreshaft of a projectile. This exceptional artefact was made out of the site where it had been left. The radiocarbon date of this foreshaft confirms the presence of human groups in the north of Massif central at the start of the Lower Dryas. To cite this article: F.-X. Chauvière et al., C. R. Palevol 5 (2006) . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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281. Le plus vieil arc du monde ? Une pièce intéressante en provenance de Mannheim, Allemagne
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Rosendahl, Gaëlle, Beinhauer, Karl-Wilhelm, Löscher, Manfred, Kreipl, Kurt, Walter, Rudolf, and Rosendahl, Wilfried
- Subjects
- *
BOW & arrow , *MATERIAL culture , *PALEOLITHIC Period , *ANTIQUITIES - Abstract
Abstract: A Pine-wood (Pinus sylvestris) fragment from Mannheim-Vogelstang (Germany) of early Magdalenian age shows traces of modification that could be related to a bow. Those are for example a smoothing of a face opposite to an unmodified face, the correction of a deviation on one of the lateral sides and a notch that could have served to fix a rope. Nevertheless, some characteristics make this interpretation uncertain. For example, the piece can only represent a fragment of a bow, but the lower end is too damaged to have conserved any traces of breaking or working. A reconstruction of the piece shows that the bow wouldn''t have been longer than around 110 cm, which is quite small but documented for several ethnic groups as well as for children''s bows. His power reaches 25–30 lbs (British pounds). As for the chronological position of the piece, the oldest direct traces of archery are the 12.680–11.590 calBP old arrows from Stellmoor and the 8000 calBP old bows of Holmegård. The invention of the bow as early as the Upper Palaeolithic has however been postulated for a long time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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282. Blades and microliths: Changing contexts of tool production from Magdalenian to Early Mesolithic in southern Germany
- Author
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Fisher, Lynn E.
- Subjects
- *
PALEOLITHIC Period , *BLADES (Hydraulic machinery) , *ANIMAL products , *STONE Age - Abstract
Abstract: Production of blades from prismatic cores is a relatively demanding technique that requires good-quality raw materials and long-term skill development. Various explanations for the widespread reliance on blades in the European Upper Paleolithic have been proposed, emphasizing the potential advantages of blade production for efficient reduction of a given volume of stone and for control over the shape and size of products, particularly cutting elements for use in composite tools. Technological changes from the Magdalenian through Early Mesolithic periods in southern Germany include a gradual decline in frequency of blades and consistency of blade production, but an increase in the degree of standardization of microlithic elements presumably used in composite tools. Based on a consideration of the changing social contexts in which tasks are defined and problems solved, it is proposed that concentrated production of blades on aggregation sites during the Magdalenian may facilitate the spread of skills needed for consistent blade production. Concentrated episodes of toolmaking are suggested to lead to more formalized task definition, while a wider variety of solutions to the problem of producing blanks for microlith production might flourish under conditions of highly dispersed toolmaking in the Early Mesolithic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2006
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283. Estimation of Age, Growth and Fishing Season of a Palaeolithic Population of Grayling (Thymallus thymallus ) Using Scale Analysis
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Philippe Béarez, Romain Elleboode, Emilie Guillaud, and Kelig Mahe
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,education.field_of_study ,060102 archaeology ,biology ,Population ,Fishing ,Grayling ,06 humanities and the arts ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Thymallus ,Fishery ,Geography ,Anthropology ,Sclerochronology ,Spatial ecology ,Upper Paleolithic ,0601 history and archaeology ,14. Life underwater ,Magdalenian ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The fish remains sampled from archaeological sites are generally the result of human food refuse; therefore, the study of retrieved fish scales may provide reliable information on the season of capture and on paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes. Among Western European freshwater fishes, the grayling, Thymallus thymallus¸ has the most easily recognizable scales and is a commonly recovered species from Paleolithic contexts. This study, therefore, is based on the growth pattern analysis of modern and archaeological scales from grayling specimens. The modern specimens were collected monthly in France (n = 22), Switzerland (n = 16), Finland (n = 20) and Sweden (n = 10). Scale growth patterns were measured using numerical analysis to a high accuracy. The results showed that the archaeological population of grayling is closer to the present Finnish population. Furthermore, the comparison of seasonal growth patterns between current and archaeological European populations, demonstrated that graylings were normally captured during the spring at Le Taillis des Coteaux Magdalenian site. This type of approach can be used to understand environmental conditions at a low spatial scale, and also to help identify fishing seasons during archaeological periods.
- Published
- 2017
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284. The Pleistocene-Holocene Transition in Cantabrian Spain: current reflections on culture change
- Author
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Lawrence Guy Straus
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,060102 archaeology ,Pleistocene ,Environmental change ,Paleontology ,Subsistence agriculture ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Azilian ,Culture change ,Geography ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,0601 history and archaeology ,Magdalenian ,Mesolithic ,Holocene ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This contribution reviews the evidence for technological continuity and change (both gradual and abrupt) among the classic Magdalenian, Azilian, Asturian and non-coastal Mesolithic culture-adaptive traditions against the backdrop of environmental change across the Pleistocene–Holocene (i.e. Bolling–Boreal) transition in Cantabrian Spain. It explores the interacting, non-exclusive roles of environment, demography, subsistence and ‘tradition’ or historical contingency in explaining both inertia and change in the cultural records (including settlement, mobility, artistic activity and even world-view or ideology) observed by archeologists in this long-occupied, southerly wing of the classic Franco-Cantabrian culture area.
- Published
- 2017
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285. L’œuf ou la poule ? Retour sur le projet Magdatis « Le Magdalénien de la façade atlantique face aux changements environnementaux »
- Author
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Sandrine Costamagno, Véronique Laroulandie, Mathieu Langlais, and Jean-Marc Pétillon
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Geography ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geology ,Facade ,Magdalenian ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Published
- 2017
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286. Plant use at the end of the Upper Palaeolithic: archaeobotanical remains from Cova de les Cendres (Teulada-Moraira, Alicante, Spain)
- Author
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Carmen María Martínez Varea and Ernestina Badal García
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,060102 archaeology ,Paleontology ,Macrofossil ,06 humanities and the arts ,Plant Science ,Plant foods ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Taxon ,Geography ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Assemblage (archaeology) ,0601 history and archaeology ,Magdalenian ,Biogeosciences ,Charcoal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The use and consumption of plant resources by Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer societies has traditionally been overlooked by researchers. Nevertheless, recent studies have started to point out the significant role of these resources in hunter-gatherer economies. This paper presents the results of the plant macrofossil (carpological) analysis of two levels dated to the Middle and Upper Magdalenian at Cova de les Cendres, Teulada-Moraira, Alicante, Spain. The results have been combined with the charcoal (anthracological) analysis, in order to improve the interpretation of the assemblage. Thirty-seven different taxa, which provide information of plant food, basketry, wood and fuel, etc., have been identified among the plant remains. Moreover, the identified taxa allow us to complete the landscape reconstruction based on the charcoal remains. Some fruits and charcoals have been dated to 13,980 ± 50–14,590 ± 50 bp.
- Published
- 2017
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287. Magdalenian settlement on the edge of the loess island: A case study from the northern foreland of the Carpathians (SE Poland)
- Author
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Marta Połtowicz-Bobak, Jarosław Kusiak, Przemysław Mroczek, Bernadeta Kufel–Diakowska, Maria Łanczont, Adam Nowak, Dariusz Bobak, and Karol Standzikowski
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,geography ,Plateau ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Structural basin ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Allerød oscillation ,Loess ,Aeolian processes ,Younger Dryas ,Glacial period ,Magdalenian ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes - Abstract
The subject of interdisciplinary studies was the Magdalenian archaeological site and its vicinity situated in the SE part of Kolbuszowa Plateau (Sandomierz Basin, SE Poland). The results of geoarchaeological analysis were not limited only to the area of archaeological excavations, but also include a wider background. From palaeogeographical point of view very important was the geomorphical location of the camp on the periphery of unique loess island close to valley of San River (tributary of Vistula). Analyzed soil profiles – with cultural layer very attractive for archaeologists – represent facies of sandy-silty deposits mainly formed by deluvial and aeolian processes active in the margin of a quite large, morphologically diversified loess island. The lower part of the studied sediments was deposited simultaneously with the youngest loesses, which were accumulated in the close proximity. The deposition of sandy-silty deposits continued during Late Glacial and ended in Younger Dryas when in the adjacent loess zone there were formed stratified silty deposits of deluvial-aeolian origin. This spatial variability of deposits, which were accumulated in a small area, resulted undoubtedly from local conditions and favoured the development of different plant communities at the time when the camp was functioning. Geological research carried out in the Kolbuszowa Plateau provided an answer to the question about the time and conditions of the stay of Magdalenian hunters. This stay coincided with the period of stopped activity of aeolian-slope processes and stabilization of ground surface by grass vegetation when the big meandering river functioned in the deepened valley. Place for the camp was undoubtedly selected on account of its geomorphological qualities – location on the slope sheltered from westerly winds and with extensive view over the surrounding area, at the confluence of two rivers. According to presented data, small groups of Magdalenian hunters appeared on the loess island and in its immediate surroundings in the Allerod. Advantages of this area were as follows: geographical situation near the main migration route, the proximity to the junction of ecological corridors, diversified relief with good observation points and safe places for camp location, access to water and diverse vegetation cover with forests as well as grass areas attracting the game. Finally, despite the peripheral nature of settlement and generally poor traces of stay of the Magdalenian groups in SE Poland, both the features of lithic inventories and settlement strategies fit perfectly with the picture of the Magdalenian complex in Central Europe.
- Published
- 2017
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288. The Palaeolithic art of Tito Bustillo cave (Asturias, Spain) in its archaeological context
- Author
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Manuel Alcaraz-Castaño, José-Javier Alcolea-González, and Rodrigo de Balbín-Behrmann
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,060102 archaeology ,Context (archaeology) ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,Cave painting ,Geography ,Cave ,0601 history and archaeology ,Magdalenian ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Earth-Surface Processes ,Underground space - Abstract
In this paper we analyze cave and portable graphic expressions of Tito Bustillo cave (Asturias, Spain) in relation to their archaeological context. We use an integrative approach that considers graphic expressions, archaeological objects and organized underground spaces as integrative parts of the Upper Palaeolithic human behaviors in the caves. We conclude that Tito Bustillo is an outstanding case of humanized cave , in which the underground space was humanized through graphic expressions, permanent structures, topographic marking systems and other daily-life activities since the beginnings of the Upper Palaeolithic. During the Middle and Upper Magdalenian this process of humanization significantly increased, as shown by the development of a large living site sharing spaces with the most decorated areas of the cave.
- Published
- 2017
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289. Cova Eirós: An Integrated Approach to Dating the Earliest Known Cave Art in NW Iberia
- Author
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Xosé Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez, Albert Rubio-Mora, Fernando Carrera-Ramírez, Karen L. Steelman, Arturo de Lombera-Hermida, Ramón Fábregas-Valcarce, and Ramón Viñas-Vallverdú
- Subjects
010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Epipaleolithic ,060102 archaeology ,06 humanities and the arts ,Integrated approach ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,law.invention ,Paleontology ,Cave ,Cave art ,law ,Upper Paleolithic ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,0601 history and archaeology ,Radiocarbon dating ,Magdalenian ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Accelerator mass spectrometry - Abstract
At Cova Eirós, we discovered 13 panels with paintings and engravings that stylistically point to the final moments of the Upper Paleolithic. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy were used to identify charcoal as black pigment. Although contamination from medieval fires inside the cave complicates the dating of these pictographs, analyses of unpainted rock backgrounds allowed calculation corrections for contaminated samples. We used plasma oxidation and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) to directly radiocarbon (14C) date two charcoal paintings—confirming that the images are more than 9000 yr old. As these paintings superimpose engravings, these14C dates also provide a minimum age for an engraving at Cova Eirós that is stylistically Final Magdalenian/Epipaleolithic. This is the first known evidence of Paleolithic cave art in Galicia of NW Iberia.
- Published
- 2017
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290. La Lloseta : une grotte importante et presque méconnue dans l'ensemble de Ardines, Ribadesella
- Author
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de Balbín Behrmann, Rodrigo, González, J. Javier Alcolea, and Pereda, Miguel A. González
- Subjects
- *
CAVES , *LANDFORMS , *MAGDALENIAN culture , *ROCK-cut architecture ,TITO Bustillo Cave (Spain) ,SPANISH antiquities - Abstract
Abstract: This summary on The Lloseta shows us a much richer reality that it had been presented through the precedent publications. To begin it is presented as an shelter environment decorated in all their extension whose decoration and parallel they find real sense if we put them in connection with the neigh boring Tito Bustillo. It possesses a prevalence of signs and old representations, a bad general conservation and an own and original internal organization. None of the caves of Ardines, including their main protagonist, she makes isolated significant sense, but rather they are and were supplemented in the past, for activities, occupation and use. We try to know the meaning of all and each one of the caves in connection with the other ones, because we think that their function should be collective and complementary. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
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291. Determination of the dietary habits of a Magdalenian woman from Saint-Germain-la-Rivière in southwestern France using stable isotopes
- Author
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Drucker, Dorothée G. and Henry-Gambier, Dominique
- Subjects
- *
HERBIVORES , *CONNECTIVE tissues , *EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins , *ISOTOPES , *COLLAGEN - Abstract
Abstract: To obtain direct dietary information, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were measured from bone collagen acquired from the well-preserved skeleton of a Magdalenian woman from the site of Saint-Germain-la-Rivière in southwestern France. Comparison of δ13C and δ15N values of the human bone collagen to those of bone collagen from local herbivores and carnivores indicates that the woman''s primary source of protein was the meat of large terrestrial herbivores. Application of a linear mixing model to the woman''s isotopic signature indicates that (1) no significant marine-derived protein contributed to her average diet; (2) saiga antelope, which dominates the faunal remains at Saint-Germain-la-Rivière, was not the main source of terrestrial protein; and (3) her pattern of subsistence reflects a less opportunistic behavior than generally attributed to humans from this period. Dietary proportions of prey reflected by the number of identified specimens are revised using meat percentage estimates, which de-emphasize the importance of saiga antelope in human subsistence at Saint-Germain-la-Rivière during the middle Magdalenian. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
292. Grave goods from the Saint-Germain-la-Rivière burial: Evidence for social inequality in the Upper Palaeolithic
- Author
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Vanhaeren, Marian and d’Errico, Francesco
- Subjects
- *
GRAVE goods , *CEREMONIAL objects , *FUNERALS , *EQUALITY - Abstract
Abstract: Archaeozoological and technological analyses of the grave goods associated with the Saint-Germain-la-Rivière burial (15,570±200 B.P.) and their comparison with ornaments and faunal assemblages from contemporary Magdalenian sites and burials reveal the exceptional character of this inhumation. The great number of perforated red deer canines and the preference for teeth from young stags contrast with the virtual absence of red deer in southwestern French faunal assemblages dated to the same period as the burial. The rarity and probable exotic origin of these teeth, the small number of paired canines, and the technological and morphological homogeneity of the collection suggest that the teeth were obtained through long-distance trade and represented prestige items. As observed in a number of hunter–gatherer populations and contrary to the supposed egalitarian character of Upper Palaeolithic societies, these items may have materialized the integration of this individual into a privileged social group. Results suggest that application of the integrated approach followed in this study to the remainder of Upper Palaeolithic burials may be useful in identifying other societies in which prestige items represented the tangible expression of social inequality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
293. Geometric morphometrics and the population diversity of Late Glacial horses in Western Europe (Equus caballus arcelini): phylogeographic and anthropological implications
- Author
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Bignon, Olivier, Baylac, Michel, Vigne, Jean-Denis, and Eisenmann, Véra
- Subjects
- *
BIODIVERSITY , *WILD horses , *PHYLOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
Abstract: In order to test the possibility of large migrations of wild horses between the North and the South of Western Europe during the Late Glacial, we addressed the population diversity in this area, especially during the Bölling/Alleröd periods. We based this appreciation upon the detailed morphology of the distal part of the metapodials. Landmark approaches were applied to archaeological and palaeontological samples from three distinct areas: Switzerland Plateau, Paris Basin, and Charente (France). Little differences of isometric size characterized the three regional samples. Multivariate analyses of shape (principal component analysis, discriminant, canonical variates and neural network analyses) revealed similar sets of complex shape features on both metacarpals and metatarsals. In addition, regional groups appeared clearly differentiated by well defined shape patterns, the functional implications of which remain to be established. These results evidence the existence of a regional structuration of populations (particularly clear on the CVA of both metacarpals and metatarsals) suggesting the absence of long distance migrations. Finally, it appears that the distinction between size and shape systematically operated by geometric morphometrics can provide better insights into the study of the mobility of ancient populations. Geometric morphometrics approaches such as 3D Procrustes superimpositions, appear therefore to be of great interest for archaeological purposes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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- View/download PDF
294. The Difference between Jurassic and Cretaceous Cherts in Central Europe and Its Heat Treatment before Stone Chip-Ping (Pilot Study)
- Author
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Petr Schnabl, David Milde, Simon Kdyr, Martin Moník, and Zdenka Nerudova
- Subjects
Ping (video games) ,Paleontology ,Knapping ,Magdalenian ,Geology ,Cretaceous - Abstract
Rock-magnetic methods prove that the cultures in Moravia (Europe) 15,000 - 11,500 years ago might know the technique how to enhance knapping properties of Jurassic chert and Cretaceous flint in order to make stone tools.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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295. Tracing the source of Upper Palaeolithic shell beads by strontium isotope dating
- Author
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Vanhaeren, Marian, d'Errico, Francesco, Billy, Isabelle, and Grousset, Francis
- Subjects
- *
SEASHELLS , *MOLLUSKS , *DENTALIUM , *FOSSILS , *HUNTER-gatherer societies , *PREHISTORIC peoples , *JEWELRY -- History , *STRONTIUM isotopes - Abstract
While the identification of the source of shells used as personal ornaments is crucial for determining home range and exchange networks of prehistoric hunter-gatherers, it is often difficult to identify the coastal versus fossil origin of the shells as most genera used as beads were available both at beaches and fossil outcrops. Here we present the first application of 87Sr/86Sr isotope dating to identify the origin of Upper Palaeolithic shell beads. We analysed four out of a collection of one thousand Dentalium shells associated to the La Madeleine child burial dated to
10,190±100 BP and one Dentalium from the occupation layers of this site. 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate that shells were collected by Late Upper Palaeolithic beadworkers on far away beaches rather than at nearer Miocene outcrops. This may be due to the narrowness of Miocene Dentalium shells, incompatible with the size of bone needles used to sew these shell beads on clothes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
296. Human teeth pendants from the Mid-Upper Paleolithic sites Pavlov I and Dolní Věstonice I, Czech Republic
- Author
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Bibiána Hromadová and Sandra Sázelová
- Subjects
Czech ,010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Mortuary Practice ,060102 archaeology ,Perforation (oil well) ,06 humanities and the arts ,01 natural sciences ,Archaeology ,language.human_language ,Prehistory ,Geography ,Anthropology ,language ,Upper Paleolithic ,0601 history and archaeology ,Magdalenian ,Aurignacian ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
This paper focuses on a special case of mortuary habit in the treatment of human bodies during the Upper Paleolithic. Human teeth present a good available raw material source; however, until now, 12 Czech and French sites have been identified with human teeth pendants dated from the Aurignacian to the Magdalenian. Our study investigates four human teeth (Pav 15, Pav 25, Pav 39, and DV 8) from Pavlov I and Dolni Věstonice I that display perforations in the root area. This paper aims at distinguishing traces of human manipulation and perforation activities from traces caused by non-human depositional and post-depositional processes. Furthermore, broad paleoanthropological and archeological approaches were undertaken to understand the possible functional and symbolic meaning of these objects. The habit of functional usage and wearing human remains encompasses a comprehensive spectrum of analogies in human prehistory and recent ethnology.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
297. Early Holocene Socio-Ecological Dynamics in the Iberian Peninsula: A Network Approach
- Author
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Luce Prignano, Magdalena Gómez-Puche, Sergi Lozano, and Javier Fernández-López de Pablo
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Archaeological record ,Context (language use) ,15. Life on land ,Archaeology ,Prehistory ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Geography ,Peninsula ,Glacial period ,Magdalenian ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Mesolithic ,Holocene ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Late Glacial and Early Holocene environmental changes affected different domains of human demography, settlement, and subsistence patterns. The variable spatial patterning produced by the prehistoric hunter-gatherers’ archaeological record demands new approaches for analysing the multi-scalar nature of human-environmental interactions. In this contribution, we presented part of a long-term research programme aimed to cover this gap in the context the Iberian Peninsula from the Late Magdalenian to the end of the Late Mesolithic.
- Published
- 2020
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298. El Paleolítico superior del abrigo del Corral de les Paleres (Crevillent): análisis tecnotipológico y litológico de la industria lítica
- Author
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Daniel Belmonte Mas, Francisco Javier Molina Hernández, Ana Satorre Pérez, and Josep A. Casabó i Bernad
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High concentration ,Materia prima silícea ,Archeology ,History ,lcsh:Prehistoric archaeology ,Siliceous raw material ,Paleontology ,Upper Palaeolithic ,Abrigo del Corral de les Paleres ,Solutrean ,Southern Alicante ,Arqueología ,Geography ,lcsh:Archaeology ,lcsh:CC1-960 ,Magdalenian ,lcsh:GN700-890 ,Paleolítico superior ,Rock shelter Corral de les Paleres ,Geoarqueología ,Humanities ,Geoarchaeology ,Crevillent ,Sur de Alicante - Abstract
espanolEn el presente trabajo se analiza la industria litica de superficie recuperada en el abrigo del Corral de les Paleres (Crevillent). Este analisis tiene dos vertientes, en primer lugar de caracter tecnotipologico con el objetivo de encuadrar la industria cronologicamente. La presencia o ausencia de determinados utiles, asi como las caracteristicas morfologicas de la industria senalan su adscripcion al Paleolitico superior –Magdaleniense–, no descartandose una ocupacion que pudo iniciarse hacia finales del Solutrense. En segundo lugar se analizan las caracteristicas de la materia prima silicea con el objetivo de determinar los principales tipos de silex empleados en este habitat. Cruzando estos datos con los obtenidos en los trabajos geoarqueologicos desarrollados en la zona desde 2016, se han podido establecer las fuentes de aprovisionamiento de silex mas proximas. El dato mas relevante a este respecto es que casi el 90% pudo haber sido captado en un radio no superior a 10 km. El yacimiento, conocido por aficionados locales desde los anos 70, permanece inedito, lo que unido a las recientes remociones del terreno que han hecho aflorar material arqueologico y la elevada concentracion de enclaves paleoliticos en la zona, justifican el presente estudio. EnglishThe present work study the lithic industry surface recovered in the rock shelter ‘Corral de les Paleres’ (Crevillent). This analysis is twofold, firstly of a techno-typological nature to frame the industry chronologically. The presence or absence of certain tools, as well as the morphological characteristics of the industry, indicate that it is ascribed to the Upper Palaeolithic –Magdalenian– period, not ruling out an occupation that could have begun towards the end of the Solutrean period. Secondly, the characteristics of the siliceous raw material are analysed to determine the main types of flint used in this habitat. By crossing data with those obtained in the geo-archaeological work carried out in the area since 2016, it has been possible to establish the closest sources of supply of flint. The most relevant data in this aspect is that almost 90% could have been collected within a radius of no more than 10 km. The site, known to local amateurs since the 1970s, remains unpublished, which together with the recent removals of land that have brought archaeological material to the surface and the high concentration of Palaeolithic enclaves in the area, justify the present study.
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- 2020
299. Un propulseur androgyne magdalénien dans la grotte Gazel (Sallèles-Cabardès, Aude) : comparaisons et commentaires
- Author
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Jean-Marc Pétillon, Dominique Sacchi, and Pierre Cattelain
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Archeology ,weapon ,Gazel ,hunting ,Isturitz ,Late Paleolithic ,Laugerie-Basse ,le Flageolet II ,Magdalenian ,osseous industry ,spearthrower ,arme ,chasse ,industrie osseuse ,Magdalénien ,Paléolithique récent ,propulseur - Abstract
Although the spearthrower is an iconic weapon of the European Upper Paleolithic, only 115 unquestionable specimens are known to date, their number increases rather slowly and many of them have no precise chronological and cultural context. For this reason, each discovery of a new specimen is important, especially when it belongs to a poorly documented type and comes from a precise archeological context. The spearthrower presented in this paper comes from the Gazel cave, the largest and best documented Magdalenian site in the Mediterranean Midi, excavated between 1977 and 1994. The Magdalenian levels of Gazel yielded more than 12,000 lithic artefacts, 1,000 pieces of worked bone and antler, 200 personal ornaments, and a very rich faunal record dominated by reindeer, snow hare and horse, complemented by ptarmigan and chough. The characteristics of the industries, and a series of 4 radiocarbon dates by AMS, reliably place the Magdalenian occupation of Gazel in the Late Middle Magdalenian (LMM, ca. 17.5-17 cal ka BP). The fragment of antler spearthrower was found at the bottom of layer 7 (fig. 1-4). It is 57 mm long, 13 mm wide and 9.5 m thick, with a curved profile in the distal part. Its upper side shows a longitudinal gutter, 5 mm wide and 1 mm deep, ending in a short spur (fig. 5). The presence of this “ gutter and spur” system to hold the projectile in place is characteristic of “ type 1” spearthrowers— i. e., “ mixed type” or “ androgynous” spearthrowers, as opposed to male and female types. The upper face is decorated with 4 longitudinal striae and the morphology of the proximal fracture suggests breakage during use. Layer 7 yielded 6 other objects that can unquestionably, probably or possibly classified as fragments of antler spearthrowers (fig. 6). Two specimens belong to type 3 (decorated with an herbivore fore-end, usually a horse, integrated in to the general shape of the shaft) and one can be related to type 4 (decorated with an “ in the round” figure, or ronde-bosse, protruding from the shaft). The material, dimensions and morphology of the last 3 objects are compatible with an identification as spearthrower fragments, without certainty. None is typologically or morphologically compatible with the androgynous specimen. Outside the specimen from Gazel, only 3 androgynous spearthrowers are known in the European Upper Paleolithic. The specimen from Isturitz (fig. 7) dates to the LMM but is morphologically very different from the object found at Gazel, and its identification as spearthrower remains debated. Conversely, the specimen from Laugerie-Basse (fig. 8-9), found in the 1860s and deprived of any precise archeological context, is very similar to the object from Gazel : it was made from an antler tine, shows a “ gutter and spur” system, has a curved profile in the distal part, and is decorated with striae. The specimen from Le Flageolet II (fig. 10) was found out of context but very probably comes from layer IX, which is 14C-dated to the Middle Magdalenian (probably the LMM according to its lithic industries). Made of bone, it is also very similar to the Gazel and Laugerie-Basse specimens : it has a “ gutter and spur” system, a slightly curved distal profile, and a decoration mostly made of carved incisions. While type 1 spearthrowers had no precise chronological attribution so far, the identification of the androgynous spearthrower from Gazel firmly places this type within the LMM, between 17.5 and 17 cal ka BP according to the 14C data from layer 7. This discovery also extends the distribution area of type 1 spearthrowers outside the Périgord to the Montagne Noire, thus adding to the list of evidence for long-distance contacts in this region during the Magdalenian. The attribution of type 1 spearthrowers to the LMM reinforces the idea that this period constitutes, at the scale of the whole Magdalenian, the peak of technical and stylistic variation for this type of weapon. It is yet another example of the technical inventiveness visible in weapon design during this period, and which represents the culmination of a longterm trend starting in the beginning of the Magdalenian. The specimen from Gazel shows small dimensions compared to the ones from Laugerie-Basse and Le Flageolet II (fig. 11). These unusually small dimensions are also found on a few specimens belonging to other types of Magdalenian spearthrowers. The hypothesis that these “ miniature” weapons were made for children is admissible but cannot be ascertained., La révision de l’industrie osseuse de la grotte Gazel a permis d’identifier, dans un ensemble attribué à la seconde moitié du Magdalénien moyen, un type d’instrument dont on connaissait seulement deux ou trois exemplaires dans le Paléolithique récent européen : un fragment de propulseur androgyne (ou type 1, «à gouttière et éperon » ) façonné en bois de renne. Typologiquement très différent des autres propulseurs issus du même site, cet objet présente en revanche de fortes similarités avec les propulseurs androgynes découverts à Laugerie-Basse et au Flageolet II. Son identification permet d’étendre l’aire de répartition de ce type du Périgord jusqu’à la Montagne Noire, attestant de contacts lointains, et de l’ancrer chronologiquement dans le Magdalénien moyen récent. Les propulseurs de type 1 représentent ainsi une nouvelle manifestation de l’inventivité technique qui se déploie au Magdalénien moyen récent dans le domaine de l’armement. Le propulseur de Gazel affiche une taille réduite par rapport à ses équivalents de Laugerie-Basse et du Flageolet II et l’idée selon laquelle nous aurions affaire à un propulseur d’enfant paraît recevable., Pétillon Jean-Marc, Sacchi Dominique, Cattelain Pierre. Un propulseur androgyne magdalénien dans la grotte Gazel (Sallèles-Cabardès, Aude) : comparaisons et commentaires. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 117, n°3, 2020. pp. 391-407.
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- 2020
300. Human and Animal Individuals in the Middle Magdalenian
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Clément Birouste, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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010506 paleontology ,Archeology ,Adornment ,060102 archaeology ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Face (sociological concept) ,Context (language use) ,06 humanities and the arts ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,01 natural sciences ,0601 history and archaeology ,Rock art ,Magdalenian ,Animal species ,Psychology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
International audience; The category of "animal species" is at the heart of traditional interpretations of Palaeolithic art. In this context, animal depictions have traditionally been conceptualized in terms of the "animal species" they are supposed to represent. Moreover, the relationships between humans and animals have been discussed in similar terms. In this paper, I examine some innovative ways in which this relationship can be considered. In particular, I explore the possibility of interpreting animal images as representations of individuals, rather than just of species. Focusing on a number of pieces of rock art and portable images, and examining other kinds of activities (animal butchery, body adornment, treatment of human corpses, etc.) from the Middle Magdalenian (19,000-16,000 cal BP), I seek to demonstrate how the concept of the "individual" offers a number of interpretive possibilities beyond the traditional category of "species". I argue that the focus on the head and face can reflect this interest in individualized animals. I also highlight the existence of practical techniques employed to create a relationship between human and animal individuals.
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- 2020
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