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This thesis examines the employment policies of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1939. The main emphasis is on the development of transport infrastructure and the automotive industry. These were chosen as "appropriate" to restore economic growth and tackle unemployment. A positive effect on the labor market is confirmed, due to a shortage of workers in the late thirties. Simple calculations and analysis of available statistical data show that the production of motor vehicles and roads and highways construction were not the main "drivers" of economic growth in and of themselves. However, their advantage was the binding of an additional industry and the resulting multiplier effect. After considering the economical results of the automotive industry and the subsequent international comparison, it is refuted that there was a mass motorization in Germany during the thirties. The military importance of transport policy was also very low, because the army preferred to other types of transportation. By comparing the selected measures of previous governments, it is demonstrated that the Nazi economic policy was not nearly as innovative, but rather followed and expanded the previous one.

In order to reduce energy consumptions for sustainable and energy-efficient manufacturing, continuous energy audit and process tracking of industrial machines are essential. Compared to other non-residential buildings that have been widely researched, industrial buildings are generally characterized by larger thermal loads, ventilation losses and pollution control requirements. This paper presents the results of a preliminary energy audit carried out on 8 large industrial buildings of a famous car manufacturing holding in Italy. Energy demand for heating varied from 6 to just over 74 kWh/m3year among the buildings of the site. The energy audit enabled to build a specific factory energy model which has been used in order to analyze the impact of various energy saving actions on the primary energy consumptions of the site. It has been demonstrated that in this specific case the improvement of the building envelopes and the optimization of the performances of the existing HVAC systems can determine a reduction of gas consumption up to 15% per year with a predicted annual economic saving of the order of 100000 €; the total simple pay-back time of the proposed thermal retrofitting is evaluated to be less than 6 years

В останні роки відбувається динамічний розвиток світової автопромисловості, особливо у азійсько-тихоокеанському регіоні. У зв’язку з постійним підвищенням вимог споживачів на світовому ринку до продукції автопромисловості, складність та різноманітність конструкцій виготовлених автомобілів зростає, як за рахунок підвищення складності окремих деталей так і виробу в цілому. Однією з груп деталей, що входять до конструкції автомобілів, є деталі складної форми, що складають значний відсоток від усієї кількості деталей, у зв’язку з цим актуальною задачею є підвищення ефективності механічної обробки.

Huw Beynon's Working for Ford achieved celebrity when published in 1973. An assessment 40 years later identifies the lasting value of the book. Though written from a clearly stated point of view, it did not present a biased account, and it included much information permitting alternative assessments. It is also possible to construct an explanation of why the situation was as it was; this explanation turns on the technology of car plants, distinctive strategies adopted by Ford management, and the active role of workers. Though the particular events analysed in the book were of their time, the book is of more than historical interest. Its lasting value is four-fold: it explains how and why workers engage in immediate battles for control of the workplace; it indicates that workers do not choose such battles willingly and are often aware of wider concerns while lacking the means to pursue them; it points to substantial areas of continuity with the contemporary organization of labour and struggles for workers' dignity; and it permits reflection on the possibilities of organized alternatives to current forms of work organization.

The article describes an example of Romania inclusion in "Renault" corporation in the light of the concept of value chains. The relevance of the research of organization and the principles of functioning of the largest automobile transnational corporations (TNC), as well as positive and negative experiences of countries inclusion in the value chains is highlighted. The study is of great importance for Russia, claiming the creation of a competitive industry and occupation of a certain position in the modern world economic system. It is noted that Romania is one of the most successful examples of integration of the country in the value chain in the automotive industry with the help of the parent TNC. "Logan" model, presented in 2004 by "Renault" company, attracted the attention of the world car industry experts, because this car that was sold for less than 6500 euros, soon became one of the most successful projects of the company. It is shown that, contrary to critics’ opinion, saying it is impossible to create a decent car within this price framework, the "Renault" company with "Logan" model managed to intrude into a new segment for it. Means of minimizing the cost of production and transportation of components and products of the company used by "Renault" are characterized В статье рассматривается пример включения Румынии в систему корпорации «Renault» в свете концепции цепочек добавленной стоимости. Подчеркивается актуальность исследования организации и принципов функционирования крупнейших автомобильных транснациональных корпораций (ТНК), а также положительного и отрицательного опыта включения стран в цепочки добавленной стоимости. Исследование имеет большое значение для России, претендующей на создание конкурентоспособного промышленного производства и занятие определённой позиции в современной системе мирового хозяйства. Отмечается, что Румыния является одним из наиболее успешных примеров встраивания страны в цепочки добавленной стоимости в автомобилестроении при помощи материнской ТНК. Модель «Logan», представленная в 2004 году компанией «Renault», привлекла пристальное внимание экспертов мировой автоиндустрии, поскольку данный автомобиль, продаваемый по цене ниже 6500 евро, вскоре стал одним из самых успешных проектов компании. Показано, что вопреки мнению критиков, говоривших о невозможности создания достойного автомобиля в данных ценовых рамках, компании «Renault» с помощью модели «Logan» удалось вторгнуться в новый для нее сегмент. Характеризуются используемые «Renault»способы минимизации затрат на производство и транспортировку комплектующих и продукции компании

El proceso de reconversión industrial que se desarrolla en México manifiesta un impacto diferencial, al incorporar sólo ciertos territorios y determinados sectores económicos a la "nueva lógica de producción global". Esto hace que los patrones territoriales, imperantes hasta los años setenta, se vean modificados. El estudio parte del análisis de la industria manufacturera y reconoce a las empresas de gran tamaño como las de mayor capacidad para asumir dicha reestructuración. Finalmente, se estudia al sector automotriz, asumiéndolo como uno de los más importantes dentro del fenómeno de la globalización, ya que liga realidades nacionales y regionales con el actual funcionamiento de una economía mundial.In Mexico it is developing a process of rationalization of industry. It is expressed by a diferential impact, since it incorporates only some regions and certain economic sectors to the "new global production logic". This makes changes in the land patterns prevailing until the 1970 decade. The analysis leaves from manufacturing industry, identifying the big firms as the more qualified to assume that reestructuration. At last, the automobile sector is studied taking it as a more important ones into globalization phenomenon. So, it links national and regional realities with the actual world economy function.

Recent progress towards a comprehensive peace in the Middle East has led to a relaxation of the enforcement of the Arab economic boycott of Israel. This in turn has led to the entry of all the major Japanese and Korean automobile manufacturers into the Israeli market. In this paper, we examine the effect of the Arab economic boycott on this market. Using recent advances in estimating discrete-choice models of product differentiation, we estimate that had the boycott continued, the welfare loss per purchaser would have been approximately \$790 in 1994. This benefit can be interpreted as a {\em peace dividend}. Since approximately 113,000 new automobiles were sold in 1994, the welfare gain to consumers was more than \$89 million that year.

Automotive industry has a special place in the history of the capitalism, of which it determines up to the name of its last great period: “Fordism”. It has to face double environmental constraints since the end of the 20th century: predicted exhaustion of world fossil fuel resources and the control of pollution, particularly atmospheric. Road transport accounts for 20% of the emission of greenhouse gases. The purpose of this work is to analyse how this industry will react to internalize that double constraint by focusing on “innovation”. The theoretical framework proposed by Schumpeter and prolonged by the evolutionary authors is mobilized to test the following assumption: automotive industry is starting a new path of dependence to become emancipated from this double constraint. Consequently, the transition to the hybrid engine, as an “breakthrough eco-innovation”, points out the end of the “lock in” on the previous path characterized by the dependence upon the internal combustion engine.; L'industrie automobile tient une place à part dans l'histoire du capitalisme, dont elle détermine jusqu'à l'appellation de sa dernière grande période : le « fordisme ». Depuis la fin du 20ème siècle, elle se trouve confrontée à une double contrainte environnementale : l'épuisement annoncée des carburants fossiles et la lutte contre les pollutions, atmosphériques notamment. Le transport routier représente en effet 20% des émissions de GES. L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser la réaction de cette industrie pour internaliser cette double contrainte, en se centrant sur la dimension « innovation ». La grille théorique proposée par Schumpeter et prolongée par les auteurs évolutionnistes est mobilisée pour tester l'hypothèse suivante : l'industrie automobile est en train d'amorcer un nouveau sentier de dépendance pour s'émanciper de cette double contrainte. Dès lors, le passage au moteur hybride, lu comme une éco-innovation de rupture, marque la fin du « lock in » sur le sentier précédant caractérisé par la dépendance au moteur à combustion interne.

Classificação JEL: M10; M31; L1; L2 Actualmente existe uma pertinente tendência de retromarketing bastante evidenciada na indústria automóvel. Pelo que, concernindo esta ferramenta de marketing, que recorre ao apelo à nostalgia e que centraliza a sua essência no posicionamento, decidiu-se averiguar o potencial do modelo da marca Jaguar, o clássico E-type, e a aceitação deste a nível global. Um automóvel com mais de 50 anos de idade, imortalizado pelo seu impacto na época, mantém-se presente na mente dos consumidores e em estratégias empresariais. Posto isto, após a revisão de teorias elaboradas pelos especialistas de gestão de marca e comportamento do consumidor e com base na análise da indústria contextual será distribuído um inquérito junto de pessoas entusiastas e bem versadas da marca, e serão conduzidas entrevistas com pessoas com experiência desenvolvida na óptica do utilizador relativamente ao modelo E-type. Com base na recolha e estudo das respostas fornecidas obter-se-á um conjunto de sugestões e recomendação adequadas às empresas actualmente existentes no mercado, cujo core business se foca neste modelo de automóvel, com a finalidade de orientar decisões em processos futuros. Nowadays there‟s a particularly relevant tendency for retromarketing which is quite evident in the automotive industry. Concerning this marketing tool that appeals to nostalgia and centralizes its essence in positioning, it seems only pertinent to investigate the potential of the Jaguar brand, the classic E-type, and its acceptance on a global scale. We are discussing a 50 year old car that has been immortalized by its impact on society gifted with a strong awareness in the consumers and business strategists‟ minds. Having said this, after reviewing the theories developed by the experts of brand management and consumer behavior, and based on a contextual analysis of the industry itself, it will be distributed a survey amongst brand “connoisseurs” and enthusiasts. Furthermore, this survey will be complemented with the performance of personal interviews to people with experience of driving this iconic model. Based on the collected data and the study of responses provided, itwill be obtained a set of suggestions and recommendations

In connection with the climatic imperatives, the objective of sustainable development leads to search less energy consumption practices, at least in the field of non-renewable resources. In the urban world, the energy consumption is still particularly important in the two areas of housing and transport. Attempts to create more energy efficient cities are already old, as evidenced by many achievements of sustainable districts, or eco-districts (mainly residential areas) in various European countries. In Japan, the government has also initiated many programs and experiments in this sense: Eco-towns, Environmental Sustainable Transport Model project or Eco Model Cities. However, these new districts have often focused on recycling and on reducing energy consumption by developing new standards in the construction of buildings. Today, the development of smart grids is a new technical step in the regulation of energy demand. This opens up interesting perspectives in order to make better use of local renewable energy production whose uncertain and timely varying level makes it generally difficult to stabilize the power grid (problems of balancing networks) and gives therefore more emphasis on electrical vehicles. The proposed paper concerns an extensive program launched by the Japanese METI in 2010 to promote the development of "smart communities". Linking energy and urban issues, the objective of Smart Communities is to encourage Japanese firms to implement "sustainable services" (electric vehicle, etc.) and to engage local companies and businesses, and of course inhabitants in their effective use. The aim of the Smart Communities goes therefore beyond the simple regulation of the energy flows, since it is also about involving people, services and companies in the construction of less energy-consuming lifestyles to also promote the reduction of CO2 emissions. The program relies on a number of demonstrators selected by METI: four pilot areas (out of 20 candidate cities), combining a coordinated use of energy (including renewable energy), the transformation of the urban / regional transport system (arbitration between the use of the car - electric or hybrid - and public transport) and the changing of urban way and rhythms of life. This comprehensive program, involving both public and private, is also part of a clear industrial strategy to take a leading position on the green technologies markets of the future.

International audience; This article deals with institutional presentations of the Japanese Car industry Companies for the recruitment of future awarded Japanese students. We use a corpus of Japanese texts shown on the official Internet sites of the three main car manufacturers of Japan. We select the texts which concern the philosophy or the vision of the company. We analyze then values conveyed in these texts by means of the semiotic method of the school of Paris. We envisage forward the construction of the semiotic square (Greimas, on 2002). This allows us to identify values privileged by these companies for the recruitment of their co-workers and to try to characterize a genre of specific institutional speech.; Cet article s'intéresse aux présentations institutionnelles des entreprises japonaises de l'industrie automobile à l'intention des étudiants japonais, futurs diplômés. Nous nous appuyons sur un corpus de textes japonais affichés sur les sites internet officiels des trois principaux constructeurs automobiles du Japon. Nous sélectionnons les textes qui portent sur la philosophie ou la vision de l'entreprise. Nous analysons ensuite les valeurs véhiculées dans ces textes à l'aide de la méthode sémiotique de l'école de Paris. Nous envisageons à terme la construction du carré sémiotique (Greimas, 2002). Ceci nous permet d'identifier les valeurs privilégiées par ces entreprises pour le recrutement de leurs collaborateurs et de tenter de caractériser un genre de discours institutionnel spécifique.

This thesis deals with the topic of how important is the automotive industry for the economy of the European Union. At the beginning of the new millennium, the automotive industry faces sales problems and this thesis will investigate whether this is caused by the unfavourable economic situation or by other factors. The thesis analyses the current status of the sector and describes its importance for the European economy, examines contemporary issues with which the automotive industry has to deal, and on the basis of this analysis, it foreshadows the direction in which the European automotive industry is likely to be in the future.

This paper implemented Data Envelopment Analysis to develop a measure of technical efficiency (TE) for a car. The measurement of TE uses published technical data and judgements by industry experts. It is assumed that the technical value of a car is a function of a functional feature performance set of the product delivered to users when bearing some usage and ownership costs. TE is calculated for a sample of 216 cars sold in the Italian market from the 1970s to the early 1990s. Index Terms Data Envelopment Analysis, car, technical efficiency, product technical value, benchmarking.

Controllership and Information Technology provide ways for companies to adapt to the competitive context of business environments. As such, the aim of this research is to identify and analyze the impacts of ERP systems on Controllership functions, verifying the relationships between the use of solutions and possible improvements in such functions. The need for management control and operations control were observed. This research is descriptive and exploratory of the survey kind. The subjects mentioned in this research are managers involved in Controllership activities in large companies from the Auto Parts sector in the State of São Paulo. The data obtained through a questionnaire by non-probabilistic samples were analyzed with the use of descriptive statistics. According to the subjects, ERP systems modify Controllership functions and better serve the control needs of the operations. The results showed problems to be overcome in management control.

This work focus on the probability of preserving automotive industry in the Central Europe. I will mention factors which threaten the Central European car industry. I will also mention which countries are and will be the biggest competitors. For the time being automotive industry in the Central Europe is not in danger but in the future China and India and countries of South and Eastern Europe are a threat. Chinese and Indian car markets are huge but the are not saturated for the present, after their saturation these countries will be looking for another markets and one of them is the Central Europe. European Union is trying to protect its car market and established a lot of safety and emissions standards which China and India don't fulfil. For Central Europe are very important foreign direct investments. Automotive groups from Japan, USA, South Korea, Germany etc. open its factories in Central Europe because Central Europe offers cheaper workforce, high quality, high labour productivity, perfect strategic position and low production costs. Therefore the future of the automotive cluster in Central Europe is not in danger for now.

The question of electric vehicles (EV) is one that has recurred throughout the history of the car, since the early post-war period, but has, however, remained on the edges of the mainstream because of some basic limitations that have made such vehicles less competitive compared with vehicles with internal combustion engines (ICEVs).

Problems related to sustainable development such as environmental issues, human rights, orlabor conditions, are nowadays deeply integrated in our society. It became primordial forcompanies to take into consideration these problems in their business development. For morethan a decade now, car companies started to publish official documents summarizing theircommitments in favor of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) actions. Through thesesustainability reports, car producers disclose information concerning their sustainable policyand bring details to stakeholders on performed sustainable actions. Because publication of sustainability reports is a relatively new phenomenon, a lot of studies still have to be made in this sector. In this way, no main studies were made regarding howCSR actions performed and disclosed by car companies evolved in the past decade. Didcompanies keep focusing on the same type of sustainable actions or did some changes occuron the way they conduct their CSR policies? No trends were available to try to understandhow car companies CSR actions evolved. This thesis is an attempt to fulfill this gap and bringa first set of useful findings on this topic. Based on three different car producers which are BMW Group, Ford Motor Company andMitsubishi Motors Corporation, our study analyses these companies 2002, 2006 and 2010sustainability reports and looks at how CSR actions are disclosed. The purpose is firstly todescribe how companies’ CSR commitment disclosure is evolving between 2002 and 2010and secondly to find explanation to the key trends. In order to achieve this, we used six mainCSR categories (Economic, Environment, Human Rights, Labor Practices and Decent Work,Product Responsibility and Society) and classified disclosed information in relation with thesecategories to create trends. For each of these six categories, sub-categories were used in orderto be more precise in the analysis process of the documents. Results showed an important interest of car producers for the environment category whichrepresents, on average, more than 40% of disclosed information in sustainability reports.Society category trend shows an important increase between 2006 and 2010 which led it tobecome the second most represented category in reports. Other categories trends present amore stable evolution with time. As it is explained more in detail in our analysis part, thisattraction toward environmental issues for car producers can be explained by the badreputation given to car producers in terms of emissions, energy consumption and moreglobally environmental protection. Cultural background and business mindset are alsoinfluencing companies’ choices. Responsive behaviors resulting from stakeholder’s pressureas well as adaptation to a weak regulatory framework are additional elements to explain the key disclosure trends.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the Škoda brand and current company marketing strategy in the Chinese market. Leading to description and analysis of what is behind the recent success on the Chinese market and what factors could cause its future further triumph or possible breakdown in China.

This bachelor thesis deals with issues of the free trade area between EU and South Korea including theoretical basis of a possibility of regionalism within the frame of exceptions to WTO rules. The thesis concentrates on specific indicators of foreign trade of EU, South Korea and the Czech Republic and compares them mutually. In the introduction there is a theoretical framework of individual economic integrations and EU primary law that enables EU to conclude agreements with third countries. This thesis also focuses on the content and negotiation of the Free trade agreement between EU and South Korea. Following chapters deal with the comparison of individual figures reported in foreign trade and car industry, with an emphasis on the comparison of a period before the implementation of the Free trade agreement and after it. Finally, this thesis contains evaluation of the current functioning of the Free trade agreement and its possible changes.

The question of the economic change and policies for a new development in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais coal area is important. New industrial activities, like the car industry, and tertiary activities too, brought employment. The issue of the economic change and the role of policies is to be discussed., Les politiques de redéveloppement mises en oeuvre depuis près de quarante ans au profit du Bassin Minier ont accompagné une mutation du tissu économique, illustrée notamment par l'arrivée de l'industrie automobile. Le tertiaire, malgré ses faiblesses dans la zone, a été un autre pourvoyeur d'emplois. Au total il convient de dresser un bilan nuancé de ces politiques et de l'évolution économique de la zone., Battiau Michel, Paris Didier, Delmer Sylvie, Liefooghe Christine. Politiques de redéveloppement et changement économique dans l'ancien pays minier. In: Hommes et Terres du Nord, 1994/1. Le Pays Minier après la mine. pp. 29-39.