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Polarization detection provides us with novel information to reflect the target attribute. Compared with traditional remote sensing methods, multi-angle polarization has relatively stable correlation and regularity. RSP(research scanning polarimeter)is an airborne prototype for the APS(aerosol polarimetery sensor) developed by the USA, which can provide with us the polarization detection information of 9 channels. We can get optical properties and physical characteristics of vegetation by analyzing stable multi-angle and multi-band polarization detection information from preprocessing scanning polarization data of flight test. In this paper, after making registration based on flight attitude information, a comparative analysis is made between characteristics of reflectance and polarization reflectance with visible light and near infrared band of the view zenith angles between--30 degree and 65 degree, based on dense area and sparse area(close to bare field) of vegetation. The results show that both dense area and sparse area demonstrate regular characteristics of polarization degree. The area close to hot spot area has highest reflectance energy. In contrast,. it has relatively least energy of polarization degree, which can prevent strong reflectance energy from influencing the stability of detector. Because the degree of polarization in dense area of vegetation is higher than that in sparse area at visible light band while that in concentration area of vegetation is lower than sparse area at near infrared light band, it shows that the visible light band information of dense area of vegetation that the sensor received is dominated by single scattering while the near infrared light band information of dense area of vegetation is dominated by multiple scattering.

Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different mulching times (30 or 60 d after previous wheat harvest) and mulching methods (whole-mulching, half-mulching and no- mulching) on wheat plant N absorption and assimilation after deep plowing in fallow period on dryland. The results showed that mulching improved water storage efficiency in fallow period and soil water storage of 0-300 cm at sowing stage significantly. Mulching in fallow period, especially the whole-mulching, increased the N accumulation amount of each growth stage, N translocation amount and rate before anthesis (NABA) , and N accumulation amount after anthesis (NAAA) and grain N. Yield, N uptake efficiency (NUPE), N partial factor productivity (NPFP) and N harvest index (NHI) were all significantly increased under mulching, and whole-mulching had better effects. Mulching at 30 d after previous wheat harvest significantly increased the soil water storage of 0-300 cm at sowing stage and the water storage efficiency in fallow period compared with mulching at 60 d after previous wheat harvest. Compared with mulching at 60 d after previous wheat harvest, mulching at 30 d increased the N accumulation amount of each growth stage, the N accumulation amount in leaf and shoot at maturity, the NABA of stem + sheath, leaf and shoot and the yield. The soil water at the depth of 0-300 cm at sowing stage was positively correlated to N mobilization amount before anthesis and N accumulation amount after anthesis. The N mobilization amount of stem + sheath had a remarkable direct effect on its yield with the direct path coefficient of 0.619. In summary, mulching in fallow period increased the soil moisture at sowing stage to promote N absorption and utilization, increase yield and improve quality, and whole-mulching in advance had better effects.

To increase understanding on the mechanisms of cultivar difference in contaminant accumulation in crops, this study was designed to compare the physiological responses to di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) exposure between low (Lvbao70) and high (Huaguan) DBP cultivars of Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica parachinensis L.). Under high DBP exposure, significant differences in various physiological responses were observed between the two cultivars, which might account for the variation in DBP accumulation. Ultrastructure observation also showed different alterations or damages in the mesophyll cell structures between both cultivars, especially for the chloroplast disintegration, starch grain quantity, and plastoglobuli accumulation. Compared with Huaguan, Lvbao70 suffered greater decreases in biomass, chlorophyll content, carbon assimilation, gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic electron transport capacity, and antioxidase activities, which would have resulted in a great reduction of photosynthetic capacity. Although Lvbao70 enhanced energy dissipation and activities of some antioxidant enzymes, they did not provide sufficient protection against oxidative damage caused by DBP. The result suggested that the lower DBP tolerance of Lvbao70 might be associated with its poor physiological performances, which was responsible for its lower DBP accumulation to protect itself from toxicity. Additionally, Lvbao70 had a significantly lower transpiration rate and stomatal conductance than Huaguan, which might be the factors regulating DBP-accumulation variation., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The aim of the present study was to identify the potential treatment targets of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and provide further insights into the underlying mechanism of PAD, based on a weighted gene co‑expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. The mRNA expression profiles (accession. no. GSE27034), which included 19 samples from patients with PAD and 18 samples from normal control individuals were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequently, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the Limma package and the co‑expression network modules were screened using the WGCNA approach. In addition, the protein‑protein interaction network for the DEGs in the most significant module was constructed using Cytoscape software. Functional enrichment analyses of the DEGs in the most significant module were also performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Orthology‑Based Annotation System, respectively. A total of 148 DEGs were identified in PAD, which were used to construct the WGCN, in which two modules (gray module and turquoise module) were identified, with the gray module exhibiting a higher gene significance (GS) value than the turquoise module. In addition, a co‑expression network was constructed for 60 DEGs in the gray module. The functional enrichment results showed that the DEGs in the gray module were enriched in five Gene Ontology terms and four KEGG pathways. For example, cyclin‑dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS) and prostaglandin‑endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) were enriched in response to glucocorticoid stimulus. The results of the present study suggested that DEGs in the gray module, including CDKN1A, FOS and PTGS2, may be associated with the pathogenesis of PAD, by modulating the cell cycle, and may offer potential for use as candidate treatment targets for PAD.

Objective: Here we tested the therapeutic efficacy of infected bone inactivation combined with transplantation of autologous platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow in chronic osteomyelitis., Patients and Methods: 64 patients with chronic osteomyelitis were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in control group received conventional antibiotic and surgical treatments, while patients in the experimental treatment group underwent infected bone inactivation combined with transplantation of autologous platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow. The X-ray, histological, and biochemical (alkaline phosphatase) changes were assessed at 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the treatment., Results: At all tested study points, X-ray and histological scores, and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly better in patients of the experimental treatment group., Conclusions: Infected bone inactivation combined with transplantation of autologous platelet-rich plasma and bone marrow achieves beneficial therapeutic results in chronic osteomyelitis.

Phthalate ester (PAE) accumulation in crops poses great risks to human health and has aroused great concern. Here, we investigated variations in di-n-butylphthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) accumulation by various Chinese flowering cabbage cultivars and revealed their variation mechanism. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in shoot PAE concentrations of 28 cultivars. Moreover, significant positive correlations between DBP and DEHP concentrations in shoots of all cultivars indicated that they could be taken up simultaneously by various cultivars. Due to the lower translocation factor of low-PAE accumulator, its shoot PAEs concentrations were much lower than root compared to high-PAE accumulator. Further, subcellular distribution showed that PAE concentrations of root cell walls and organelles were much higher than those of shoots in low-PAE accumulator. Therefore, lower translocation from root to shoot and more PAEs accumulating in cell walls and organelles of root might act as main formation mechanism of low-PAE accumulator., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, involved in genetic recombination and sex-chromosome silencing during meiosis, plays critical roles in the specification of germ-line stem cells and the differentiation of gametes from gonocytes. Zygote-specific proteasome assembly chaperone (ZPAC) is expressed in the early mouse embryo, where it is important for progression of the mouse maternal-to-zygotic transition. The role of ZPAC during spermatogenesis in the adult gonads, however, remains unknown. In this study, rapid amplification of cDNA ends was used to determine the Zpac cDNA sequence, a 1584-bp transcript that includes a putative 1122-bp open reading frame coding for a 373 amino acid protein. Western blot and immunohistochemistry revealed that ZPAC was specifically expressed in gonads. To further dissect the function of ZPAC during spermatogenesis, we employed PiggyBac-based RNA interference vectors for transgenesis combined with cell transplantation to deplete Zpac during spermatogenesis. This RNAi-mediate depletion in Zpac expression disrupted normal spermatogenesis from spermatogonial stem cells. Two independent yeast two-hybrid screens further revealed an interaction between ZPAC and SYCE1. Together, these data suggest that ZPAC is required for normal spermatogenesis in mice., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

MicroRNAs play critical roles in regulating tumor occurrence and drug sensitivity in ovarian cancers. This study aimed to investigate the key members of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) involved in modulating tumor initiation and drug resistance in primary ovarian cancer cells. An in vitro assay based on tumor clonal formation was established to evaluate tumorigenicity and cisplatin sensitivity. By performing real-time polymerase chain reaction, we examined the expression of nine microRNAs associated with the pathology of ovarian cancers in primary ovarian tumor cells, which were surgically resected from 46 patients with distinct sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. MiR-9, miR-145, and miR-429 were expressed significantly higher in drug-sensitive patients (n = 26) than in drug-resistant ones (n = 20), while higher miR-26a expression was found in resistant patients (p < 0.05). In addition, tumor cells from drug sensitive patients were more tumorigenic than those of drug resistance (p = 0.0013). Cisplatin treatment led to a sharp decrease of clonal formation of drug-sensitive cells but showed slight effects on drug resistant cells. Specific anti-miRs were then employed to downregulate the expression of microRNAs in primary tumor cells. Inhibition of miR-9 resulted in decreased clonal formation and sensitivity to cisplatin, while the knockdown of other three microRNAs did not show any influence in tumorigenesis and drug sensitivity. In conclusion, this study showed that in primary ovarian tumor cells, high expression of miR-9 was associated with enhanced tumorigenesis and increased sensitivity of the tumor cells to cisplatin treatment.

A reliable, sensitive, and cost-effective method was developed for determining three quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) including dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and didodecyldimethylammonium chloride in various vegetables using ultrasonic-assisted extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The variety and acidity of extraction solvents, extraction times, and cleanup efficiency of sorbents were estimated to obtain an optimized procedure for extraction of the QACs in nine vegetable matrices. Excellent linearities (R(2) > 0.992) were obtained for the analytes in the nine matrices. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.7-6.0 and 2.3-20.0 μg/kg (dry weight, dw) in various matrices, respectively. The recoveries in the nine matrices ranged from 70.5% to 108.0% with relative standard deviations below 18.0%. The developed method was applied to determine the QACs in 27 vegetable samples collected from Guangzhou in southern China, showing very high detection frequency with a concentration of 23-180 μg/kg (dw).

The toxicity of four zinc oxide nanoparticles (i.e., spheric ZnO-30, spheric ZnO-50, columnar ZnO-90, and hexagon rod-like ZnO-150) to the seed germination of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) was investigated in this study. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnOs) did not affect germination rates at concentrations of 1-80 mg/L but significantly inhibited the root and shoot elongation of Chinese cabbage seedlings, with the roots being more sensitive. The inhibition was evident mainly during seed incubation rather than the seed soaking process. Both the production of free hydroxyl groups (·OH) and the Zn bioaccumulation in roots or shoots resulted in toxicity of nano-ZnOs to Chinese cabbage seedlings. The toxicity of nano-ZnOs was affected significantly by their primary particle sizes in the minimum dimensionality, but large columnar ZnO-90 and small spherical ZnO-50 had comparable toxicities. Therefore, both the particle size and morphology affected the toxicity of nano-ZnOs.

Agricultural soil in China contains high levels of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), especially in paddy-field soil of Guangdong province of China, but the accumulation and translocation of DEHP by rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains unknown. In the present study, twenty rice cultivars were cultivated in paddy soil spiked with DEHP, and variations in DEHP accumulation and translocation among various cultivars were investigated. Our results showed that DEHP concentrations in roots and shoots of different rice cultivars at four growth stages (i.e., ripening, tillering, jointing, and flowering stages) varied greatly from 0.26 to 11.8 mg/kg (dry weight, dw) and 0.40 to 7.58 mg/kg (dw), respectively. No obvious change over time was observed. The greatest variation in DEHP concentrations among the rice cultivars occurred at ripening stage, whereas the lowest variation at flowering stage. During ripening stage, the largest variation in DEHP concentrations among cultivars were observed in stems (varying from 0.35 to 13.2 mg/kg), whereas the least one was observed in roots (ranging from 1.01 to 5.72 mg/kg). Significant differences in DEHP concentrations in the roots, stems, leaves and grains of most rice cultivars were found. The translocation factors of DEHP from roots to stems or stems to leaves were higher than those from shoots to grains. Overall, cultivars Tianfengyou 316, Wuyou 308, and Peizataifeng, which contained low levels of DEHP in grains but high levels in shoots, were ideal cultivars for simultaneous production of safe food and phytoremediation of contaminated soil., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) has a higher mortality risk compared to adult-onset SLE. We compared the diagnostic value of anti-cmDNA antibodies with that of antinucleosome antibodies (AnuA), anti-Sm antibodies, and anti-dsDNA antibodies and human B lymphocyte Raji cells with that of human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells as substrates in an indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect anti-cmDNA antibodies in JSLE patients., Methods: We recruited 92 JSLE patients and 71 patients with other juvenile-onset rheumatic diseases. Anti-cmDNA antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected in patient sera using indirect immunofluorescence assays. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected by combining ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-Sm antibodies were detected by double immunodiffusion assay and immunoblotting, while AnuA were detected by ELISA., Results: The JSLE group had a significantly higher percentage of patients positive for anti-cmDNA compared to patients with other rheumatoid diseases. Using one antibody for diagnosis, anti-cm DNA antibodies had the highest accuracy at 84.0%; using two antibodies, the combination of anti-cm DNA and anti-dsDNA antibodies had 90.8% accuracy. Raji cells used as substrate demonstrated a stronger intensity of fluorescent patterns compared to HL60 cells., Conclusion: The high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detection of anti-cmDNA antibodies make it a valuable diagnostic tool for JSLE.

The present study explored the feasible pathway of Si Shen Wan (SSW) in inhibiting apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) by observing activation of phospholipase Cγ-1 (PLC-γ1) and PI3K/Akt signal in colonic mucosa from rats with colitis. Experimental colitis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in the Sprague-Dawley rats. After SSW was administrated for 7 days after TNBS infusion, western blot showed an increment in levels of PI3K, p-Akt, and IL-23 and a decrement in levels of PLC-γ1 and HSP70 in colonic mucosal injury induced by TNBS. Meanwhile, assessments by ELISA revealed an increment in concentrations of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17 and a reduction in level of TGF-β after TNBS challenge. Impressively, treatment with SSW for 7 days significantly attenuated the expressions of PI3K and p-Akt and the secretion of IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 and promoted the activation of PLC-γ1, HSP70, and TGF-β. Our previous studies had demonstrated that SSW restored colonic mucosal ulcers by inhibiting apoptosis of IECs. The present study demonstrated that the effect of SSW on inhibiting apoptosis of IECs was realized probably by activation of PLC-γ1 and suppression of PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

An electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor using Pt electrode modified with carbon quantum dot (CQDs) coated Au/SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles was proposed for sensitive detection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in this work. Rabbit anti-8-OHdG antibody was covalently bound to CQDs on the surface of Au/SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles. Through signal amplification of Au/SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles, 8-fold enhancement of the ECL signals was achieved. Under optimal conditions, a good linear range from 0.2 to 200 ng mL(-1) with a low detection limit of 0.085 ng mL(-1) (S/N=3) for 8-OHdG detection was obtained. Interfering substances tests showed that the corresponding ECL intensity (ΔECL) of 8-OHdG is 8-18 times higher than that of guanine, uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid, demonstrating its good selectivity for 8-OHdG detection. The ECL immunosensor exhibits long-term stability with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 8.5% even after 16 cycles of continuous potential scans. The result of analytical detection of 8-OHdG in real samples was satisfactory. The proposed ECL immunosensor shows good performance with high sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, stability and provided a powerful tool for 8-OHdG monitoring in clinical samples., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials aimed to systematically evaluate the value of albuterol in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)., Data Sources: Randomized controlled trials on albuterol treatment of ARDS from its inception to October 2014 were searched systematically. The databases searched included: PubMed, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane, CNKI, WANFANG and VIP. The trials were screened according to the pre-designed inclusion and exclusion criteria. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on albuterol treatment, attempting to improve outcomes, i.e. lowering the 28-day mortality and ventilator-free days., Results: Three RCTs involving 646 patients met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant decrease in the 28-day mortality (risk difference=0.09; P=0.07, P for heterogeneity=0.22, I (2)=33%). The ventilator-free days and organ failure-free days were significantly lower in the patients who received albuterol (mean difference=-2.20; P<0.001, P for heterogeneity=0.49, I (2)=0% and mean difference=-1.71, P<0.001, P for heterogeneity=0.60, I (2)=0%)., Conclusions: Current evidences indicate that treatment with albuterol in the early course of ARDS was not effective in increasing the survival, but significantly decreasing the ventilator-free days and organ failure-free days. Owing to the limited number of included trails, strong recommendations cannot be made.

Recent research suggested that cardiac stem cells (CSCs) may have the clinical application for cardiac repair. However, their characteristics and the regulatory mechanisms of their growth and differentiation have not been fully investigated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, VEGF-A) is a major regulator of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. But the homing role of VEGF for CSCs is unclear. In this report, CSCs were isolated, purified, and expanded in vitro from rat heart. VEGF, SU5416 (VEGF receptor blocker), and Wortmannin (PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor) were used for differentiation into vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Real-time qPCR was selected to confirm the role of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in VECs differentiation from rat CSCs. The result of real-time qPCR demonstrated that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in rat CSCs differentiated into VECs. So, our research provides a theoretical basis and experimental evidence for therapeutic application of rat CSCs to treat cardiac repair.

Matrine has been used in anti-inflammatory and anticancer therapies for a long time. However, the antimetastatic effect and molecular mechanism(s) of matrine on osteosarcoma are still unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of matrine and related mechanism(s) on osteosarcoma cells. In the study, we found that matrine inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells in vivo and in vitro and inhibited tumor cell metastasis in vitro at cytotoxic doses. Matrine also decreased the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9, decreased p50 and p65 nuclear translocation, and decreased the phosphorylated level of I-κ-B (IκB)-β. In addition, matrine reduced the phosphorylated levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 proteins, which regulate the invasion of poorly differentiated cancer cells. Finally, when U2OS cells were grown as xenografts in nude mice, intragastric administration of matrine induced a significant dose-dependent decrease in tumor growth. These results show the anticancer properties of matrine, which include the inhibition of invasion and proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells.

Objective: To study the clinical characteristics of hospitalized infants with allergic proctocolitis, and to provide a scientific basis for early diagnosis and effective treatment of allergic proctocolitis., Methods: The clinical data of 96 infants with allergic proctocolitis between September 2011 and March 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. Descriptive analysis was performed to assess the clinical characteristics of allergic proctocolitis., Results: The most common clinical manifestation was diarrhea in the 96 infants. The electronic colonoscopy results indicated that 40% of the infants had multiple small nodules, 26% showed focal erythema and brittle mucous membranes, 25% showed multiple superficial erosion, and 9% showed ulcers with surface exudates. The affected areas included the sigmoid colon (87%), rectum (24%), descending colon (13%), and transverse colon ascending colon and ileocecal junction (8%). Histopathologic examination showed eosinophilic infiltration of mucosal layers, the condition of which was mild to moderate in 89% and severe and extremely severe in 12% of the infants. To treat the allergic proctocolitis, mothers and infants were suggested to avoid allergenic foods; 43% of them continued breastfeeding, 45% switched to highly hydrolyzed protein formula, and 13% were prescribed amino acid-based elemental formula. All infants were in complete remission at discharge., Conclusions: As the clinical manifestations of allergic proctocolitis in infants lack specificity, the electronic colonoscopy and mucosal histopathologic examination are helpful for early and differential diagnosis. The best treatment is to avoid allergenic foods. Formula-feeding infants should be prescribed highly hydrolyzed protein formula or amino acid-based elemental formula.

Land surface emissivity (LSE) has already been recognized as a crucial parameter for the determination of land surface temperature (LST). There is an ill-posed problem for the retrieval of LST and LSE. And laboratory-based emissivity is measured in natural constant conditions, which is limited in the application in thermal remote sensing. To solve the above problems, the coupling of LST and LSE is explored to eliminate temperature effects and improve the accuracy of LES. And then, the estimation accuracy of LST from passive remote sensing images will be improved. For different land surface materials, the coupling of land surface emissivity and land surface temperature is various. This paper focuses on studying concrete surface that is one of the typical man-made materials in urban. First the experiments of measuring concrete surface emissivity and concrete surface temperature in natural conditions are arranged reasonably and the suitable data are selected under ideal atmosphere conductions. Then to improve the determination accuracy of concrete surface emissivity, the algorithm worked on the computer of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroradiometer (FTIR) has been improved by the most adapted temperature and emissivity separation algorithm. Finally the coupling of concrete surface temperature and concrete surface emissivity is analyzed and the coupling model of concrete surface temperature and concrete surface emissivity is established. The results show that there is a highest correlation coefficient between the second derivative of emissivity spectra and concrete surface temperature, and the correlation coefficient is -0.925 1. The best coupling model is the stepwise regression model, whose determination coefficient (R2) is 0.886. The determination coefficient (R2) is 0.905 and the root mean squares error (RMSE) is 0.292 1 in the validation of the model. The coupling model of concrete surface temperature and concrete surface emissivity under natural conditions provides a new approach for improving the estimation accuracy of LST from passive remote sensing images.

Objective: To evaluate the functional outcomes of modified limited "L" incision beside the Achilles tendon with distraction bone block arthrodesis in treatment of subtalar osteoarthritis., Methods: From March 2009 to September 2012, a total of 22 cases of old calcaneus fractures with subtalar osteoarthritis were treated with modified limited "L" incision and distraction bone block arthrodesis including 13 males and 9 females with a mean age of 35.3 years old (ranged 22 to 49). The mean time from calcaneal fracture was 21 months (ranged 11 to 32). According to the Stephens-Sanders classification, 16 cases were type II and 6 were type III. The modified-AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was used for functional outcomes evaluation., Results: There was one incision necrosis and no infection, implant failure, bone-graft absorbed or talus necrosis was note at the follow-up time. A total of 21 cases were followed up for a mean time of 29 months (ranged from 18 to 46 months). All of the cases reached a bony union within 4 months postoperation. The mean modified-AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 82.6 points (ranged from 66 to 92 points),reached a significantly improvement in comparing with the mean preoperative score (50.8 points,ranged from 32 to 65 points, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The modified limited"L" incision beside the Achilles tendon with distraction bone block arthrodesis is an acceptable and alternative treatment method for subtalar osteoarthritis. This method is easy to use and with less complication. It can correct the main pathological changes and reach good functional outcomes.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between mammographic features and clinicopathological characteristics in invasive ductal carcinoma. A total of 231 patients were retrospectively reviewed from January, 2011 to December, 2012. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test, χ 2 test, Spearman's correlation and logistic regression, as appropriate. Of the 231 patients who underwent mammography, malignant calcifications were significantly more frequent in carcinomas that were human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive (P=0.001) or had a >2 cm size tumor (P=0.006). The pleomorphic-type was correlated with a p53-positive status (P=0.039) or lymph node metastasis (P=0.048), whereas the indistinct amorphous-type was associated with a HER2-positive status (P=0.026). An evident mass was frequently observed in higher Ki-67 expression-level tumors (P=0.002). In conclusion, the aforementioned correlations are noteworthy as they potentially reflect tumor attributes and may serve as a guide for treatment.

The transcription factor forkhead box D3 (FOXD3) plays an important role in the development of neural crest and gastric cancer cells. However, the function and mechanisms of FOXD3 in the breast tumorigenesis and progression is still limited. Here, we report that FOXD3 is a tumor suppressor of breast cancer tumorigenicity and aggressiveness. We found that FOXD3 is down-regulated in breast cancer tissues. Patients with low FOXD3 expression have a poor outcome. Depletion of FOXD3 expression promotes breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, whereas overexpression of FOXD3 inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, depletion of FOXD3 is linked to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype. Our results indicate FOXD3 exhibits tumor suppressive activity and may be useful for breast therapy., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To construct a database and a tissue bank of oral mucosa precancerous lesions and to estimate the application values., Methods: Patients in the Yangtze delta suffering oral mucosa precancerous lesions were enrolled into this study. The patients' clinical data and samples of oral precancerous mucosa, salivary and blood were collected to create a tissue bank, based on which a database was constructed using Microsoft Access software, Brower/Server structure and ASP language., Results: The tissue bank and database of oral mucosa precancerous lesions were successfully built. The procedure to harvest, store and transport the samples had been standardized. The database showed good interactive interface, convenient for data collection, query and share in the internet., Conclusions: We constructed the tissue bank and database of oral mucosa precancerous lesions for the first time, which not only help preserve the biological resource of oral mucosa precancerous lesions, but also provide enormous convenience in clinical work, researching and teaching. Supported by Research Fund of Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (08ZR1416700).

Objective: To evaluate the clinical effect of proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection among children in terms of Hp eradication rate and incidence of adverse events., Methods: A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted on 240 children with a confirmed diagnosis of Hp infection. These patients were randomized into triple therapy (n=120) and probiotics groups (n=120). The triple therapy group received amoxicillin [40 mg/(kg·d), Tid], clarithromycin [15 mg/(kg·d), Bid] and omeprazole [0.7-0.8 mg/(kg·d), Qd], while the probiotics group received Saccharomyces boulardii (250 mg, Bid) in addition to triple therapy. The course of treatment was 14 days in both groups. The adverse events in subjects were recorded by their parents during treatment. Hp eradiation was evaluated by (13)C breath test at 4 weeks after treatment, and the eradication rate and incidence of adverse events were compared between the two groups., Results: The Hp eradication rates were 75.8% (91/120) in the triple therapy group and 85% (102/120) in the probiotics group (P>0.05). Compared with the triple therapy group, the probiotics group had nonsignificantly lower incidence of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (P>0.05) and significantly lower incidence of stomatitis, constipation and diarrhea (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Triple therapy combined with Saccharomyces boulardii cannot significantly increase Hp eradication rate, but can significantly reduce the incidence of stomatitis, constipation, and diarrhea during treatment.

Aim: To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 (IGFBP-6) in a proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) model and its effects on proliferation and migration in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells., Methods: A PVR Wistar rat model was established by the intravitreal injection of RPE-J cells combined with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The expression levels of IGFBP-6 were tested by ELISA. ARPE-19 cell proliferation was evaluated by the MTS method, and cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assays., Results: The success rate of the PVR model was 89.3% (25/28). IGFBP-6 was expressed at higher levels in the vitreous, serum and retina of rats experiencing advanced PVR (grade 3) than in the control group (vitreous: 152.80±15.08ng/mL vs 105.44±24.81ng/mL, P>0.05; serum: 93.48±9.27ng/mL vs 80.59±5.20ng/mL, P<0.05; retina: 3.02±0.38ng/mg vs 2.05±0.53ng/mg, P<0.05). In vitro, IGFBP-6 (500ng/mL) inhibited the IGF-II (50ng/mL) induced ARPE-19 cell proliferation (OD value at 24h: from 1.38±0.05 to 1.30±0.02; 48h: from 1.44±0.06 to 1.35±0.05). However, it did not affect basal or VEGF-, TGF-β- and PDGF-induced cell proliferation. IGFBP-6 (500ng/mL) reduced the IGF-II (50ng/mL)-induced would healing rate [24h: from (43.91±3.85)% to (29.76±2.49)%; 48 h: from (66.09±1.67)% to (59.88±3.43)%]., Conclusion: Concentrations of IGFBP-6 increased in the vitreous, serum, and retinas only in advanced PVR in vivo. IGFBP-6 also inhibited IGF-II-induced cell proliferation in a not dose or time dependent manner and migration. IGFBP-6 participates in the development of PVR and might play a protective role in PVR.

Acute cerebral hemorrhage (ACH) is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive devices such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. These devices are not readily available in economically underdeveloped regions of the world, emergency departments, and emergency zones. We have developed a less expensive tool for non-contact monitoring of ACH. The system measures the magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) between the electromagnetic signals on two coils. ACH was induced in 6 experimental rabbits and edema was induced in 4 control rabbits by stereotactic methods, and their intracranial pressure and heart rate were monitored for 1 h. Signals were continuously monitored for up to 1 h at an exciting frequency of 10.7 MHz. Autologous blood was administered to the experimental group, and saline to the control group (1 to 3 mL) by injection of 1-mL every 5 min. The results showed a significant increase in MIPS as a function of the injection volume, but the heart rate was stable. In the experimental (ACH) group, there was a statistically significant positive correlation of the intracranial pressure and MIPS. The change of MIPS was greater in the ACH group than in the control group. This high-sensitivity system could detect a 1-mL change in blood volume. The MIPS was significantly related to the intracranial pressure. This observation suggests that the method could be valuable for detecting early warning signs in emergency medicine and critical care units.

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is one of the most common causes for failed retinal detachment surgeries. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of insulin‑like growth factor‑binding protein‑6 (IGFBP‑6) in PVR using rat models and its effects on retinal pigment epithelial‑J (RPE‑J) cells. PVR Wistar rat models were administered intravitreal injection of RPE‑J cells (1x106/5 µl) combined with platelet‑rich plasma (1x107/5 µl). The concentration of IGFBP‑6 in the vitreous and serum of rats was tested by an enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay and the expression of IGFBP‑6 mRNA in the liver and retina of rats was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of IGFBP‑6 mRNA in the RPE‑J cells stimulated by vitreous or serum from PVR patients or normal volunteers was also determined by qPCR. The proliferation of RPE‑J cells was evaluated by the 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑5‑(3‑carboxymethoxyphenyl)‑2‑(4‑sulfophenyl)‑2H‑tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) method. The success rate of PVR rat model induction at the 8th week was 89.5% (34/38). The concentration of IGFBP‑6 in the vitreous and serum of PVR rats was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The expression of IGFBP‑6 mRNA in the retina of PVR rats was also significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.05). The vitreous from PVR patients and donors significantly stimulated the expression of IGFBP‑6 mRNA in the RPE‑J cells (P<0.05). IGFBP‑6 only inhibited IGF‑II‑stimulated proliferation but not the basal level of proliferation or the PDGF/VEGF‑stimulated RPE‑J cell proliferation. Thus, the trends and effects of IGFBP‑6 provide the possibility of PVR therapeutic targets, with the vitreous representing a significant environmental factor in the progression of PVR.

A field test was carried out in Qiujialing Village, Wenxi, Shanxi from 2009 to 2011 to study the soil water movement of 0-300 cm layer, yield formation and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat with deep plowing and mulching the whole ground immediately (no mulch as control) 15 days and 45 days after harvest. The results indicated that deep plowing and mulch in fallow period could improve soil water storage of the 100-180 cm layer before sowing, the soil water storage efficiency in fallow period, and soil water storage from pre-wintering stage to booting stage. Compared with deep plowing 15 days after wheat harvest, deep plowing 45 days after wheat harvest did better in improving soil water storage and water use efficiency, as well as ear number and yield, which was more conducive in the year with more precipitation. Generally, deep plowing and mulching after raining during fallow period could benefit the soil water storage and conservation, thus would be helpful to improve wheat yield in dryland.

Recently, graphene oxide (GO) super capacitors with ultra-high energy densities have received significant attention. In addition to their use in energy storage, GO capacitors might also have broad applications in renewable energy engineering, such as energy harvesting. Here, a flexible nanogenerator based on GO film is designed. A multilayer structure Al/PI/GO/PI/ITO is made on a flexible PET substrate. The GO nanogenerator could generate a peak voltage of 2 V with a current of 30 nA upon the repetitive application of a 15 N force with a frequency of 1 Hz. Moreover, the output voltage was increased to 34.4 V upon increasing the frequency of force application to 10 Hz. Compared with control samples, embedding GO film with a release structure into the device could significantly enhance the output voltage from 0.1 V to 2.0 V. The mechanism of our nanogenerator can be explained by an electrostatic effect, which is fundamentally different from that of previously reported piezoelectric and triboelectric generators. In this manuscript, we demonstrate flexible nanogenerators with large-area graphene based materials, which may open up new avenues of research with regard to applications in energy harvesting.

Based on the object's polarization effects, polarization is a newly emerging method in the field of remote sensing. Both objects and atmosphere have polarization effects, however, the atmosphere's polarization effects are much stronger than that of objects'. Consequently, atmosphere polarization effects will interfere or even cover objects' when observing with sensors. How to maximally eliminate the polarized effects generated by the atmosphere is a crucial problem in polarization remote sensing. Atmospheric neutral point is an area where the degree of atmosphere polarization is near to zero; therefore, if sensors are set up in this area, atmosphere polarization would be greatly eliminated, which is the main content of separating the effects between objects and atmosphere by its neutral point method. In this paper, after processing and analyzing the experimental data got from the first polarization remote sensing flight experiment with atmosphere neutral point, the degree of polarization images captured in neutral and non-neutral point area were obtained, and it can be seen that the main value of polarized degree of images got in neutral point area was obviously smaller than that in non-neutral point area. The results showed that the theory mentioned above was logical and practical. An innovation in our study is that the requirements needed in polarization remote sensing flight with neutral point were clarified. In the meantime, a qualitative conclusion was drawn that observing with longer wavelength is more applicable to polarization remote sensing.

Neural cell adhesion molecules (CAM) play important roles in the development and regeneration of the nervous system. The L1 family of CAMs is comprised of L1, Close Homolog of L1 (CHL1, L1CAM2), NrCAM, and Neurofascin, which are structurally related trans-membrane proteins in vertebrates. Although the L1CAM has been demonstrated play important role in carcinogenesis and progression, the function of CHL1 in human breast cancer is limited. Here, we found that CHL1 is down-regulated in human breast cancer and related to lower grade. Furthermore, overexpression of CHL1 suppresses proliferation and invasion in MDA-MB-231 cells and knockdown of CHL1 expression results in increased proliferation and invasion in MCF7 cells in vitro. Finally, CHL1 deficiency promotes tumor formation in vivo. Our results may provide a strategy for blocking breast carcinogenesis and progression., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The binding characteristics of indigotin with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been investigated by various spectroscopic techniques. Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the quenching mechanism between indigotin and HSA/BSA belonged to the static quenching. The displacement experiments suggested that indigotin primarily bound to tryptophan residues on proteins within site I. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the binding of indigotin-HSA/BSA mainly depended on the hydrophobic interaction. The binding distance of indigotin to HSA/BSA was evaluated. The results by synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra showed that the conformation of proteins altered in the presence of indigotin.

In this paper, a novel flexible nanogenerator (FNG) made of zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) and multiwall-carbon nanotubes (MW-CNTs) is presented. In this structure, ZnO NPs and MW-CNTs are mixed with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) uniformly to form an entire flexible nanogenerator. Serial tests illustrate that the output voltage and power density are as high as 7.5 V and 18.75 μW per cycle, respectively. Furthermore, by foot stamp on the FNG, a peak voltage as high as 30 V can be generated. Comparing to the control samples, it is also proved that adding MW-CNTs into the matrix could significantly enhance the output voltage from 0.8 to 7.5 V. In summary, our work indicates that the realization of flexible nanogenerators made of ZnO NPs and MW-CNTs is technologically feasible, which may bring out some important and interesting applications in energy harvesting.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value and safety of single-balloon electronic enteroscopy in children with small intestinal bleeding., Methods: Seventy children with clinically suspected small intestinal bleeding, including 38 males and 32 females aged 4-13 years, underwent single-balloon enteroscopy under general anesthesia. Twenty-six cases underwent the procedure through the mouth, 32 cases through the anus, and 12 cases through both., Results: Of the 70 children, 58 (83%) had small bowel disease according to the single-balloon enteroscopy results, including 24 cases of non-specific inflammation, 12 cases of allergic purpura, 8 cases of Crohn's disease, 8 cases of Meckel's diverticulum, and 6 cases of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome., Conclusions: Single-balloon enteroscopy is a safe, effective means for the diagnosis of small intestinal bleeding among children.

Background: The goal of this study was to discuss the outcomes of treating calcaneal fracture malunion by restoring the subtalar joint with a reconstructive osteotomy., Methods: From May 2005 to November 2008, 24 patients (26 feet) with calcaneal malunions after a displaced intra-articular calcaneal fracture were treated by osteotomy and autogenous bone graft. The subtalar joint was preserved. The mean time from initial injury to reconstructive operation was 5.7 months (95% confidence interval, 4.5-8.8 months). The displaced posterior facet was restored through a reconstructive osteotomy, whereas the bone defect in the calcaneus after reduction was filled with the exostosis that had been removed; iliac bone graft was used if necessary. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a minimum of 24 months. Twenty patients (21 feet) were followed for a mean of 34.2 months (29.0-39.4 months)., Results: According to American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hindfoot score, the average score was 85.9 points (95% confidence interval, 81.5-90.4 points), which was significantly higher than the preoperative assessment. Radiographs showed that Böhler's angle, Gissane's angle, talus declination angle, and width and height of calcaneus were improved to a great extent. Six patients had wound edge necrosis, and 2 had superficial infection. One patient required a subtalar fusion for subtalar arthritis at 2 years after surgery., Conclusions: Restoring the subtalar joint with a reconstructive osteotomy and autogenous bone graft was an effective treatment method for selected calcaneal fracture malunions. It reconstructed calcaneal morphology and preserved the subtalar joint., Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.

Aim: To investigate the effect of probiotics on regulating T regulatory cells and reducing the severity of experimental colitis in mice., Methods: Forty C57/BL mice were randomly divided into four groups. Colitis was induced in the mice using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). After 10-d treatment with Bifico capsules (combined bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and enterococcus), body weight, colonic weight, colonic weight index, length of colon, and histological scores were evaluated. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell in mesenteric lymph nodes were measured by flow cytometry, and cytokines in colonic tissue homogenates were analyzed by a cytometric bead array., Results: The colonic weight index and the colonic weight of colitis mice treated with Bifico were lower than that of TNBS-induced mice without treatment. However, colonic length and percent of body weight amplification were higher than in TNBS-induced mice without treatment. Compared with TNBS-induced mice without treatment, the level of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes, the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in colonic tissues from colitis mice treated with Bifico were upregulated, and tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ were downregulated., Conclusion: Probiotics effectively treat experimental colitis by increasing CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell and regulating the balance of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the colonic mucosa.

Three unusual sesquineolignans conchignans A, B, and C, together with two known compounds vanillin and phloroglucinol, were isolated from the whole plants of Alpinia conchigera. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques.

Si Shen Wan (SSW) is used to effectively treat ulcerative colitis (UC) as a formula of traditional Chinese medicine. To explore the mechanism of SSW-inhibited apoptosis of colonic epithelial cell, the study observed mRNA expression of apoptosis-related molecules in p38 MAPK signal pathway in colonic mucosa in colitis mice treated with SSW. Experimental colitis was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in mice; meanwhile, the mice were administrated daily either SSW (5 g/kg) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (2 mg/kg) or vehicle (physiological saline) for 10 days. While microscopical evaluation was observed, apoptosis rate of colonic epithelial cell and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related molecules were tested. Compared with colitis mice without treatment, SSW alleviated colonic mucosal injuries and decreased apoptosis rate of colonic epithelial cell, while the mRNA expressions of p38 MAPK, p53, caspase-3, c-jun, c-fos, Bax, and TNF- α were decreased in the colonic mucosa in colitis mice treated with SSW, and Bcl-2 mRNA and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were increased. The present study demonstrated that SSW inhibited mRNA expression of apoptosis-related molecules in p38 MAPK signal pathway to downregulate colonic epithelial cells apoptosis in colonic mucosa in mice with colitis.

Purpose: The aquaporin (AQP) family consists of a number of small integral membrane proteins that transport water and glycerol. AQPs are critical for trans-epithelial fluid transport. Recent reports demonstrated that AQPs, particularly AQP1 and AQP5, are expressed in high grade tumor cells of a variety of tissue origins, and that AQPs are involved in cell migration and metastasis. Based on this background, we examined whether AQP3, another important member of the AQP family, could facilitate cell migration in human breast cancers., Methods: Potential role of AQP3 was examined using two representative breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and Bcap-37). Briefly, AQP3 expression was inhibited with a lentivirus construct that stably expressed shRNA against the AQP3 mRNA. AQP3 expression inhibition was verified with Western blot. Cell migration was examined using a wound scratch assay in the presence of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2). In additional experiments, AQP3 was inhibited by CuSO4. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) kinase inhibitor PD173074, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 were used to dissect the molecular mechanism of FGF-2 induced AQP3 expression., Results: FGF-2 treatment increased AQP3 expression and induced cell migration in a dose dependent manner. Silencing AQP3 expression by a lentiviral shRNA inhibited FGF-2 induced cell migration. CuSO4, a water transport inhibitor selective for AQP3, also suppressed FGF-2-induced cell migration. The FGFR kinase inhibitor PD173074, significantly inhibited FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression and cell migration. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and MEK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 inhibited, but not fully blocked, FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression and cell migration., Conclusions: AQP3 is required for FGF-2-induced cell migration in cultured human breast cancer cells. Our findings also suggest the importance of FGFR-PI3K and FGFR-ERK signaling in FGF-2-induced AQP3 expression. In summary, our findings suggest a novel function of AQP3 in cell migration and metastasis of breast cancers.

Tumor-specific antigens (TSA) are central elements in the immune control of cancers. To systematically explore the TSA genome, we developed a computational technology called heterogeneous expression profile analysis (HEPA), which can identify genes relatively uniquely expressed in cancer cells in contrast to normal somatic tissues. Rating human genes by their HEPA score enriched for clinically useful TSA genes, nominating candidate targets whose tumor-specific expression was verified by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Coupled with HEPA, we designed a novel assay termed protein A/G-based reverse serological evaluation (PARSE) for quick detection of serum autoantibodies against an array of putative TSA genes. Remarkably, highly tumor-specific autoantibody responses against seven candidate targets were detected in 4% to 11% of patients, resulting in distinctive autoantibody signatures in lung and stomach cancers. Interrogation of a larger cohort of 149 patients and 123 healthy individuals validated the predictive value of the autoantibody signature for lung cancer. Together, our results establish an integrated technology to uncover a cancer-specific antigen genome offering a reservoir of novel immunologic and clinical targets.

Using poly (ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (P123) as template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica source, well-ordered cross-linked bimodal mesoporous SBA-15 was easily prepared via an one-pot synthetic strategy, where a pre-self-assembly of P123 with TEOS in strong acidic media was introduced followed by pH-adjusting. The pH-adjusting can effectively change the copolymer micelle size, which directly lead to the formation of the bimodal mesoporous structure at pH range of 6-7.5, with most typical value at pH = 7.5. Meanwhile, these bimodal mesopores are interconnected, which generates a 3D intra-particle porosity with many pore-openings on the surfaces of particles. After modified with tetraethylenepentamine, the as-synthesized bimodal mesoporous SBA-15 exhibited the CO2 adsorption capacities much higher than as-synthesized conventional SBA-15. These bimodal mesoporous SBA-15 materials have great potential application in CO2 capture.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Si Shen Wan is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine formula for the treatment of diseases with diarrhea, such as ulcerative colitis, allergic colitis and chronic colitis. To investigate the protective and healing effects of Si Shen Wan in the experimental colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid, and to furture explore its mechanism of action., Materials and Methods: Rats with colitis treated with Si Shen Wan for 10 days. Colon wet weight, colon organ coefficient, colonic damage score and pathological change after trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid challenge were determined. The levels of MPO, MDA, GSH-PX, SOD and the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA in the colon were also measured., Results: After treatment, colon wet weight, colon organ coefficient and colonic damage score were lower than that in the control group (p<0.05). MDA and MPO concentrations in the inflamed colonic tissues were decreased remarkably in the treated groups compared with that in the control group (p<0.05). But SOD level, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression in the inflamed colonic tissues were obviously increased., Conclusions: It is a potential path that protective effect of Si Shen Wan on impaired colonic mucosa rats with experimental colitis was accomplished by down-regulating the level of MDA and MPO, and up-regulating the level of SOD and the IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression in the colon mucosa., (Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.)

The disease course of children with persistent or chronic diarrhea lasts from two weeks to two months or over. Diarrhea is a clinical syndrome caused by a group of multiple etiologies. This paper reviews common causes of persistent or chronic diarrhea in children, including intestinal infections, nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases, food allergy, lactose intolerance, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, neural regulation abnormality, immunodeficiency disease, malnutrition, Celiac disease and zinc deficiency.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Scorpio and Scolopendra (SS) are two traditional Chinese medicines, which are generally used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China. However, the mechanism is so far unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects and mechanisms of SS in attenuating inflammation and joint injury in collagen-induced arthritis in rats., Materials and Methods: RA was induced in Wistar rats by injection of collagen, meanwhile, the rats were administrated daily either SS (0.4 g/kg, 0.2 g/kg, and 0.1 g/kg) or vehicle (physiological saline) for 42 days. The therapeutic effect of SS on RA was evaluated by pathological methods. T lymphocyte subsets and anti-collagen type II (CII) antibody were tested in peripheral blood. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed in tissue homogenate of fresh joints., Results: The inflammation and articular damage in SS powder-treated rats were attenuated significantly. In addition, SS powder was revealed to modulate the equilibrium of T lymphocyte subsets, down-regulate TNF-α and IL-1β, up-regulate IL-4 and IL-10, and significantly suppress the level of anti-CII antibody., Conclusions: Scorpio and Scolopendra, when used as a combination, reveal desirable effect for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, and this beneficial effect may be accomplished through normalization of T lymphocyte subsets and the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokines., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Calcaneal fractures are rare injuries in children and adolescents, and fractures with displaced intra-articular fracture patterns are even more rare. The purpose of this study was to report 9 intra-articular calcaneal fractures in 8 children (mean age, 12.6 years; range,10-15 years) treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and to examine cases reported in the literature to better define the classification characteristics and operational outcomes of this uncommon fracture. Preoperative radiographs and computed tomography scans were used to evaluate and classify the fractures. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at postoperative follow-up, and functional outcome was assessed with the modified American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot score. Mean follow-up was 47 months (range, 21-72 months). Mean time to union was 9.2 weeks (range, 8-12 weeks). Mean modified AOFAS score was 65.2 points (range, 53-68 points). One foot experienced a minor complication.After a systematic review of the literature, 4 studies with a total of 35 patients (37 fractures) were included. All fractures were caused by high-energy injuries. Based on the Essex-Lopresti classification, 40.5% (15/37) were tongue-type fractures and 59.5% (22/37) were joint depression-type fractures. Based on the Sanders classification, 62.2% (23/37) of fractures were 2 parts, 32.4% (12/37) were 3 parts, and 5.4% (2/37) showed comminution. No significant difference was found in classification information between children and adults. The authors concluded that the characteristics of intra-articular calcaneal fractures in children are similar to those in adults, and operative treatment of these fractures yields good results with few complications., (Copyright 2012, SLACK Incorporated.)

Objective: To study the regulation effect of Scorpio and Scolopendra on CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg Cell in peripheral blood from rats with collagen-induced arthritis., Methods: Sixty female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, normal control group, model control group, low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose Scorpio and Scolopendra group,and the type II collagen group. Rats' arthritis was induced by collagen. The number of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cell in peripheral blood was tested by flow cytometry, and the level of IL-2 in serum was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay., Results: Compared with the model groups,the levels of CD4 + CD25 + Treg cell and CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cell were increased obviously in the high and low dose of Scorpio and Scolopendra groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the level of IL-2 in serum was decreased remarkably in the middle and low dose of Scorpio and Scolopendra groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01)., Conclusion: It is realized that Scorpio and Scolopendra effectively treat RA by regulating the level of CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + Treg cell to restore immunological tolerance.

Objective: To investigate the effect of gefitinib on the migration of triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells., Methods: Gefitinib was used in concentrations of 0 micromol/L, 0.1 micromol/L, 1 micromol/L, 10 micromol/L and 20 micromol/L, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of EGFR and Akt were analyzed by Western blot. The capability of migration was measured by scratch test and Boyden chamber assay. Microfilaments (cell skeleton ) remolding and polarization were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy., Results: Comparing with the control group (0 micromol/L gefitinib), gefitinib effectively inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR and its downstream key proteins, and the effect displayed an obvious dose-effect relationship. At 24 hours after wound scratch, the cell migration distance of each group with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 20 micromol/L gefitinib was (36.3 +/- 4.0) microm, (30.3 +/- 3.8) microm, (26.8 +/- 3.3) microm, (17.0 +/- 2.6) microm, and (11.0 +/- 2.5) microm, respectively. At 3.5 hours after Boyden chamber assay, the cell count of each group with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 20 micromol/L gefitinib was 69.2 +/- 7.0, 51.8 +/- 7.5, 43.8 +/- 8.7, 30.6 +/- 4.8, and 28.4 +/- 3.4, respectively. Compared with the control group (0 micromol/L gefitinib), gefitinib could significantly prolong the wound-healing time and decrease the migrating cell count (P < 0.05), and significantly inhibit the lamellipodium formation, cell skeleton remolding and changes of the cytoskeleton polarization., Conclusions: Gefitinib can reduce the migration capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cells through inhibiting phosphorylation of EGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway, suppressing the cell skeleton (microfilaments) remolding and changes of its polarization.

Objective: To observe the effects of scorpion and centipede on interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 in the small intestinal mucosa and joint injury of rats with collagen induced arthritis (CIA)., Methods: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the normal control group, the model group, the low dose scorpion and centipede group, the middle dose scorpion and centipede group, the high dose scorpion and centipede group, and the type II collagen treatment group. The joints' volume was measured 40 days after type II collagen (CII) induced rheumatoid arthritis model was established. The joint injury was observed by naked eyes. The expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in the small intestine tissue homogenate were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: The joint injury score and volume of two hind limbs were obviously higher in the model group than in the normal control group since the 23rd day (P < 0.01). Rats were accompanied with red, swollen, and deformed foot toes and ankle joints. Walking was even affected. Meanwhile, the joint injury score and volume of two hind limbs were obviously lowered by medicated with 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 g/kg scorpion and centipede, as well as CII on the 32nd day after medication (P <0.05, P < 0.01). The expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in the small intestine tissue homogenate were obviously lower in the model group than in the normal control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, only the expression levels of IL-2 and IL-4 in the small intestine tissue homogenate of the high dose scorpion and centipede group and the type II collagen treatment group significantly increased. The expression level of IL-10 significantly increased in the high and middle dose scorpion and centipede groups, as well as the type II collagen treatment group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: Scorpion and centipede could effectively release the joint injury of rats with CIA. Its mechanism might be correlated with increased expression levels of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in the small intestine mucosa.

LYR motif containing 1 (LYRM1) is a novel gene that is abundantly expressed in the adipose tissue of obese subjects and is involved in insulin resistance. In this study, free fatty acids (FFAs) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are shown to upregulate LYRM1 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conversely, resistin and rosiglitazone exert an inhibitory effect on LYRM1 mRNA expression. These results suggest that the expression of LYRM1 mRNA is affected by a variety of factors that are related to insulin sensitivity. LYRM1 may be an important mediator in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance.