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High sensitivity and fast response piezo-humidity sensing have been realized from Ga-doped ZnO nanowire (NW) nanogenerator (NG) as self-powered/active gas sensor. The piezoelectric output generated by Ga-doped ZnO NW NG can not only act as a power source for driving the device, but also as a sensing signal for detecting humidity. Upon exposure to 80% relative humidity (RH) at room temperature, the piezoelectric output of Ga-doped ZnO NWs decreases from 0.56 V (in 45% RH) to 0.12 V, and the sensitivity is up to 358, higher than that of undoped ZnO NWs. In addition, the response time of Ga-doped ZnO NWs is 5 s, much shorter than that of undoped ZnO NWs. Such high performance can be ascribed to that Ga 3+ ions can provide many donor defects and produce high local charge density/strong electrostatic field. The present results demonstrate a feasible approach for realizing high performance self-powered/active humidity sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon neutrality is a global green energy revolution meaning that the carbon dioxide can make ends meet. However, with the mushroom of the fifth generation wireless systems (5G) and the Internet of Things (IoT), it is a great challenge for powering the ubiquitous distributed devices, because the battery production and high overhead maintenance may bring more carbon emissions. Here, we present wearable biosensors for real-time sweat analysis and body motion capture based on stretchable fiber-based triboelectric nanogenerators (F-TENG). The F-TENG is made of stretchable conductive fiber (Ecoflex coating with polyaniline (PANI)) and varnished wires. Based on the coupling effect of triboelectric effect and enzymatic reaction (surface-triboelectric coupling effect), the wearable biosensors can not only precisely sense the motion states, but also detect glucose, creatinine and lactate acid in sweat in real-time. Importantly, the wearable devices can self-drive without any external power source and the response against glucose, creatinine and lactate acid can be up to 103%, 125% and 38%, respectively. On this basis, applications in biosensing and wireless communication have been demonstrated. This work exhibits a prospective potential application of F-TENG in IoT for diverse use. • A fiber-based stretchable triboelectric nanogenerator has been presented. • The wearable device can detect body motion state without any external power supplies. • The wearable device can work as a biosensor for sensing glucose, creatinine and lactate acid after modifying with enzymes. • The wearable device driven only by body motion can realize wireless communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic since early 2020, 1 however, China has managed to control the pandemic rapidly and effective. COVID-19 genome surveillance at international airport quarantine stations in Japan. How does China keep COVID-19 outside its boarder?. [Extracted from the article]

First-hand experience of medical staff at an international airport in China". First-hand experience of medical staff at an international airport in China". Erratum to: How does China keep COVID-19 outside its border?. [Extracted from the article]

Si is a promising material for applications as a high-capacity anode material of lithium-ion batteries. However, volume expansion, poor electrical conductivity, and a short cycle life during the charging/discharging process limit the commercial use. In this paper, new ternary composites of sea urchin-like Si@MnO2@reduced graphene oxide (rGO) prepared by a simple, low-cost chemical method are presented. These can effectively reduce the volume change of Si, extend the cycle life, and increase the lithium-ion battery capacity due to the dual protection of MnO2 and rGO. The sea urchin-like Si@MnO2@rGO anode shows a discharge specific capacity of 1282.72 mAh g−1 under a test current of 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles and excellent chemical performance at different current densities. Moreover, the volume expansion of sea urchin-like Si@MnO2@rGO anode material is ~50% after 150 cycles, which is much less than the volume expansion of Si (300%). This anode material is economical and environmentally friendly and this work made efforts to develop efficient methods to store clean energy and achieve carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol detection plays a key role in food processing and monitoring. Therefore, we present a fast, high reproducibility and label-free characteristics alcohol photochemical sensor based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. By growing ZnO nanoflowers on Au film, the SPR signal red-shifted in the visible region as the alcohol concentration increased. More interestingly, the sensitivity improved to 127 nm/%, which is attributed to the ZnO nanoflowers/Au structure. The goodness of the linear fit was more than 0.99 at a range from 0 vol% to 95 vol% which ensures detection resolution. Finally, a practical application for distinguishing five kinds of alcoholic drinks has been demonstrated. The excellent sensing characteristics also indicate the potential of the device for applications in the direction of food processing and monitoring, and the simple structure fabrication and economic environmental protection make it more attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent stretchable wearable hybrid nano-generators present great opportunities in motion sensing, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction. Herein, we report a piezoelectric-triboelectric sport sensor (PTSS) which is composed of TENG, PENG, and a flexible transparent stretchable self-healing hydrogel electrode. The piezoelectric effect and the triboelectric effect are coupled by a contact separation mode. According to this effect, the PTSS shows a wide monitoring range. It can be used to monitor human multi-dimensional motions such as bend, twist, and rotate motions, including the screw pull motion of table tennis and the 301C skill of diving. In addition, the flexible transparent stretchable self-healing hydrogel is used as the electrode, which can meet most of the motion and sensing requirements and presents the characteristics of high flexibility, high transparency, high stretchability, and self-healing behavior. The whole sensing system can transmit signals through Bluetooth devices. The flexible, transparent, and stretchable wearable hybrid nanogenerator can be used as a wearable motion monitoring sensor, which provides a new strategy for the sports field, motion monitoring, and human-computer interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In rural areas of China, about 89.4% of preschool children have potential sleep disturbances. • Caregivers' anxiety (including parental anxiety and other relatives' anxiety) is associated with sleep disturbances of preschool children. • Resilience of preschool children could attenuate the association between caregivers' anxiety and sleep disturbances of preschool children. • In specific sleep domain of CSHQ, the moderating effect of resilience significantly existed in sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. This study aimed to explore the association between caregivers' anxiety and sleep disturbances of preschool children aged from 3 to 6 years in rural areas of Anhui province, China. Besides, we also explored whether there is a mediated effect of resilience on this association. Caregivers of children from 26 kindergartens completed a structured questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers, Second Edition (DECA-P2). CSHQ, SAS and DECA-P2 were used to evaluate sleep disturbances among preschool children, the caregivers' anxiety, and the resilience of preschool children respectively. A total of 3,802 questionnaires were distributed in our investigation, after checking for completeness, 166 invalid questionnaires were excluded and 3,636 questionnaires were eventually included in our study. Binary logistic analysis was utilized to explore the potential relationship between caregivers' anxiety and sleep disturbances of children. Moderating effect of resilience was evaluated through calculating the percentage of change in odds ratios (OR) in the models with and without resilience. 10% or more of percentage change in OR was defined as a significant mediation effect. In our study, 89.4% of the preschool children aged from 3 to 6 years had potential sleep disturbances. In preschool children whose caregivers are their parents, the correlation between caregivers' anxiety and sleep disturbances of preschool children is statistically significant (OR = 10.168,95 %CI:2.506–41.263). In preschool children whose caregivers aren't their parents, the correlation is also significant (OR = 2.405,95 %CI:1.139–5.077). Furthermore, resilience could attenuate the association between caregivers' (including parents and other relatives) anxiety and sleep disturbances amongst preschool children. After adjusting resilience, the association between caregivers' anxiety and sleep disturbances of preschool children was attenuated and remained significant (OR for parents = 9.323,95 %CI:2.295–37.875; OR for other caregivers = 2.232,95 %CI:1.050–4.745). In specific sleep domain of CSHQ, the moderating effect of resilience significantly existed in sleep duration and daytime sleepiness. Our study indicated that caregivers' anxiety was associated with sleep disturbances among preschool children. High resilient children may be partly protected against the negative effect of caregivers' anxiety on their sleep quality. Future well-designed cohort studies are needed to further explore this topic in more details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Devices to perform neural stimulation rely on batteries or permanent power outlet for power supply and delivery of electrical stimulation. Bulky system frame and inflexible component design are the limiting factors to improve portability and compatibility. Here, we report design and use of self-powered neural stimulation that can harvest energy from body motion and perform bidirectional modulation of neural plasticity. The system builds on flexible materials and integrates piezoelectric nanogenerator for energy-harvesting, signal modulation component for dual-modality output of stimulation pulses and implantable electrodes for delivery of stimulation to the neural tissue. When the neural stimulation is delivered in vivo in the mouse hippocampus, two forms of neural plasticity changes, long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), have been successfully delivered. The self-powered system demonstrates that integrated neural stimulation design driven by energy harvested from biological motions in the environment is suitable for modulation of neural plasticity, plasticity-based therapy or brain-machine interactions. [Display omitted] • A self-powered wearable system for regulating synaptic plasticity has been realized. • The device can convert mechanical energy into piezoelectric signal and operate under low/high frequency stimulation. • The device is flexible and robust in evoking high-quality postsynaptic neural response in vivo. • The device can induce long-term potentiation or long-term depression in hippocampus for neural plasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the importance of social distancing policy. Topics include the social distancing policy has been proven to be effective in reducing the incidence of COVID-19, the public health value of social distancing policy not only in COVID-19, and the drugs could still be influenced especially in developing countries during COVID-19 pandemic.

• A novel creatinine nanosensor based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and enzymatic reaction is developed. • The nanosensor is sensitive (response of 51.42 %) and selective (compared with NaCl, glucose, and urea) to the creatinine. • The nanosensor works at a large range of bending angle, indicating the application on wearable devices. • These results have important applications in important areas such as self-powered and personalized healthcare systems. A creatinine nanosensor has been developed by PANI (polyaniline) and PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). The mechanism is attributed to the coupling of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and the creatinine enzymatic reaction. After enzymatic modification, the triboelectric output from PANI and PDMS carries the information of the ambient creatinine concentration, which is due to the change of PANI electroconductivity in the enzymatic reactions. The nanosensors demonstrate high sensitivity at room temperature. The response reaches 51.42 % when creatinine concentration is 10−3 mol/L. Meanwhile, its good selectivity to creatinine is demonstrated compared with NaCl, glucose, and urea. The nanosensor also supports large flexibility in bending angle measurements (10°–40°), thereby potentially allowing creatinine detection in wearable sensing applications. Experimental results show that the flexible nanosensor can offer continuous and non-invasive detection of creatinine, paving the way for electronic skin and self-powered healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Bicyclol has therapeutic potential in various pathological conditions in liver. • Bicyclol has a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties. • Further studies are required to delineate molecular mechanisms and targets of bicyclol. • Bicyclol-based therapeutics might be broadly used in clinical practice worldwide. Bicyclol, an innovative chemical drug with proprietary intellectual property rights in China, is based on derivative of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Schisandra chinensis (Wuweizi) of North. Mounting data has proved that bicyclol has therapeutic potential in various pathological conditions in liver. In this narrative review, we provide the first summary of pharmacological activities, pharmacokinetic characteristics and toxicity of bicyclol, and discuss future research perspectives. Our results imply that bicyclol has a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, immuno-regulatory, anti-oxidative, antisteatotic, anti-fibrotic, antitumor, cell death regulatory effects and modulation of heat shock proteins. Pharmacokinetic studies have indicated that bicyclol is the main substrate of CYP3A/2E1. Additionally, no obvious drug interactions have been found when bicyclol is administered simultaneously with other prescriptions. Furthermore, the results of chronic toxicity have strongly addressed that bicyclol has no noticeable toxic effects on all biochemical indices and pathological examinations of the main organs. In view of good pharmacological actions and safety, bicyclol is anticipated to be a potential candidate for various liver diseases, including acute liver injury, fulminant hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Further studies are therefore required to delineate its molecular mechanisms and targets to confer this well-designed drug a far greater potency. We hope that bicyclol-based therapeutics for liver diseases might be broadly used in clinical practice worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the shadow of COVID-19: HIV-infected individuals need more attention Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic which has threatened the health of billions of individuals across countries all over the world.1 Among them, immunocompromised patients, such as HIV-infected individuals, are more vulnerable due to a potentially higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2, especially those with other comorbidities, lower CD4 cell counts, or unsuppressed HIV RNA viral load.2,3 Previous study has reported a longer disease course and slower generation of specific antibodies in an HIV-infected patient who contracted SARS-CoV-2,4 indicating the potential synergistic effect between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV on destructing the immune system. 4 Wang M, Luo L, Bu H, Xia H. One case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient co-infected by HIV with a low CD4(+) T-cell count. [Extracted from the article]

To survive, cancer cells are subjected to various internal and external adverse factors, including genetic mutations, hypoxia, nutritional deficiencies, and drug toxicity. All of these factors result in the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum, which leads to a condition termed endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR downstream components strictly control transcription and translation reprogramming to ensure selective gene expression, including that of non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), to adapt to adverse environments. NcRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play important roles in regulating target gene expression and protein translation, and their aberrant expression is related to tumor development. Dysregulation of ncRNAs is involved in the regulation of various cellular characteristics of cancer cells, including growth, apoptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, drug sensitivity, and tumor stem cell properties. Notably, ncRNAs and ER stress can regulate each other and collaborate to determine the fate of tumor cells. Therefore, investigating the interaction between ER stress and ncRNAs is crucial for developing effective cancer treatment and prevention strategies. In this review, we summarize the ER stress-triggered UPR signaling pathways involved in carcinogenesis followed by the mutual regulation of ER stress and ncRNAs in cancer, which provide further insights into the understanding of tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vehicles are important targets in the remote sensing applications and nighttime vehicle detection has been a hot study topic in recent years. Vehicles in the visible images at nighttime have inadequate features for object detection. Infrared images retain the contours of vehicles while they lose the color information. Thus, it is valuable to fuse infrared and visible images to improve the vehicle detection performance at nighttime. However, it is still a challenge to design effective fusion models due to the complexity of visible and infrared images. In order to improve vehicle detection performance at nighttime, this paper proposes a fusion model of infrared and visible images with Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for vehicle detection named GF-detection. GAN is utilized in the image reconstruction and introduced in the image fusion recently. To be specific, to exploit more features for the fusion, GAN is utilized to fuse the infrared and visible images via the image reconstruction. The generator fuses the image features and detection features, and then generates the reconstructed images for the discriminator to classify. Two branches, visible and infrared branches, are designed in the GF-detection model. Different feature extraction strategies are conducted according to the variance of the visible and infrared images. Detection features and self-attention mechanism are added to the fusion model aiming to build a detection task-driven fusion model of infrared and visible images. Extensive experiments based on nighttime images are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed fusion model in night vehicle detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore factors associated with prognosis in patients with metastatic small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) as well as to develop and validate nomograms to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Relevant information of patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Nomograms for predicting 1- and 3-year OS and CSS were established with potential risk factors screened from multivariate cox regression analysis. The discrimination and accuracy of the nomograms were assessed by concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). In total, 373 SBA patients with M1 category were enrolled. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, size and grade of primary tumor, primary tumor surgery, and chemotherapy were significant variables associated with OS and CSS. The C-index values of the nomogram for OS were 0.715 and 0.687 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. For CSS, it was 0.711 and 0.690, respectively. Through AUC, decision curve analysis (DCA) and calibration plots, the nomograms displayed satisfactory prognostic predicted ability and clinical application both in the OS and CSS. Our models could be served as a reliable tool for prognostic evaluation of patients with metastatic SBA, which are favorable in facilitating individualized survival predictions and clinical decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging body-electric closed-loop system may significantly contribute to disease treatment or other healthcare areas. Here, a flexible electronic smell detector linking to brain (mimicking olfactory epithelium) has been designed for constructing artificial olfactory-substitution perception-behavior closed-loop systems. Driven by the body motion, the device can output a series of triboelectric-sensing signal like a specific code for differentiating gas species (e.g. methanol: 11011111). The signal transmitted into mouse brain at somatosensory barrel cortex can participate in mouse perception and act as the brain stimulator. The brain can accordingly control the body to engage in particular behavior, and this movement can operate the device in turn. An artificial olfactory closed loop is formed among the device, brain and body. This new approach can promote the development of closed-loop human-machine interactions and self-powered multifunctional systems. An artificial triboelectricity-brain-behavior closed loop for intelligent olfactory substitution has been realized based on surface-triboelectric coupling effect. Driven by the body motion, the device can output a series of atmosphere-dependent bionic signals like a specific code for differentiating gas species (e.g. methanol: 11011111). The signal transmitted into mouse brain can participate in mouse perception and act as the brain stimulator. The brain can accordingly control the body to engage in particular behavior which in turn operates the device. Image 1 • A novel closed-loop system for olfactory substitution has been presented. • The self-powered smell detector can be driven by the body itself and output triboelectric-sensing signal. • These signals can be converted and recognized by a smartphone. • Mimicking olfactory epithelium operates on the live mouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface modification with micro/nanostructures is a common approach for enhancing the performance of flexible pressure sensors. However, the current fabrication of the singular functionality of instruments and redundancy of processes increase the complexity of the sensor manufacturing process. In this study, we developed a multilayer microstructure-enhanced flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on the multimodal electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing technology. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensors incorporating the microstructure-sensitized electrode layer and the polyvinyl alcohol/graphene/polydimethylsiloxane dielectric layer exhibit the following characteristics: high sensitivity (0.3139 kPa−1/0–2 kPa), low limit of detection (∼100 mg), and stable performance even after 10,000 cycles. Moreover, microstructure-enhanced sensors have considerable potential for human behavior detection, such as detecting fluid flow, tracking muscle movements, and measuring pulse rates. Finally, microstructure-enhanced sensors fabricated using the E-jet printing method present a novel approach for designing sensitized structures in capacitive pressure sensors. Multilayer microstructure-enhanced flexible capacitive pressure sensor fabricated by multimode electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing technology. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things and wearable sensors has led to advancements in monitoring technology in the field of health. One such advancement is the development of wearable respiratory sensors, which offer a new approach to real‐time respiratory monitoring compared to traditional methods. However, the energy consumption of these sensors raises concerns about environmental pollution. To address the issue, this study proposes the use of a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) as a sustainable energy source. The electrical conductivity of the TENG is improved by incorporating chitosan and carbon nanotubes, with the added benefit of chitosan's biodegradability reducing negative environmental impact. A wireless intelligent respiratory monitoring system (WIRMS) is then introduced, which utilizes a degradable triboelectric nanogenerator for real‐time respiratory monitoring, diagnosis, and prevention of obstructive respiratory diseases. WIRMS offers stable and highly accurate respiratory information monitoring, while enabling real‐time and nondestructive transmission of information. In addition, machine learning technology is used for sleep respiration state analysis. The potential applications of WIRMS extend to wearables, medical monitoring and sports monitoring, thereby presenting innovative ideas for modern medical and sports monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new era of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT), big data collection and analysis for intelligent sports are of great importance in monitoring human health. Herein, naturally, biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerators (NB‐TENGs) are developed based on low‐cost, recyclable, and environmentally friendly corn bracts, which are further applied in neck motion recognition. Three NB‐TENGs are integrated into an elastic collar to create a neck‐condition monitoring triboelectric sensor (NCM‐TS). An intelligent behavioral monitoring system is achieved by combining NCM‐TS with a deep learning model, which allows the recognition of four types of neck motion with an average accuracy of 94%. The developed neck motion monitoring sensor has broad potential applications in sports health monitoring, rehabilitation training, and healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional groups diarylamines, an innovative product, efficiently produced from arylamines and p‐nitrosoanisole derivatives by intermolecular SNAr under weak acid conditions. This SNAr proceeds under mild reaction conditions, and more significantly, the substrates involved do not necessarily require strong electron‐withdrawing groups. Moreover, this SNAr is characterized by resistance to space crowding, tolerance to halogen and nitroso functional groups, and high regioselectivity. Mechanistic observations suggest that the SNAr is the result of the transfer of the positive charge center of the protonated nitroso group to the p‐methoxy group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible pressure sensors based on micro‐/nanostructures can be integrated into robots to achieve sensitive tactile perception. However, conventional symmetric structures, such as pyramids or hemispheres, can sense only the magnitude of a force and not its direction. In this study, a capacitive flexible tactile sensor inspired by skin structures and based on an asymmetric microhair structure array to perceive directional shear force is designed. Asymmetric microhair structures are obtained by two‐photon polymerization (TPP) and replication. Owing to the features of asymmetric microhair structures, different shear force directions result in different deformations. The designed device can determine the directions of both static and dynamic shear forces. Additionally, it exhibits large response scales ranging from 30 Pa to 300 kPa and maintains high stability even after 5000 cycles; the final relative capacitive change (ΔC/C0) is <2.5%. This flexible tactile sensor has the potential to improve the perception and manipulation ability of dexterous hands and enhance the intelligence of robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In situ integration of microlenses and microchannels using an electrohydrodynamic jet printing system. • Overcoming the influence of microchannel edge effects to achieve controlled deposition of microlenses in microchannels. • A microfluidic system with in situ-integrated microlens arrays for parallel, multichannel cell counting. • The cells are focused on the centerline of the microchannel with the fluid inertia effect and flow over the microlens. • Using microlenses enables non-contact cell counting by detecting changes in light intensity. Microfluidic systems with integrated microlenses enhance cellular analysis and observation and have gained significant attention in the biomedical field. However, the integration and design of microlenses in microfluidic systems remain challenging. In this study, we utilize a high-precision electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing system for in-situ integration of microlens. By incorporating a tilting illumination observation module into the E-jet printing system, the print nozzle can be accurately positioned 10 μm above the microchannel bottom, thereby mitigating the edge effect of the microfluidic channels. We have developed a microfluidic system embedding microlens arrays (MLAs) that enable parallel, multichannel cell counting. The microfluidic system comprises nine channels, each featuring a 50 μm diameter microlens printed along the central axis. Using microlenses enables non-contact cell counting by detecting light-intensity changes. Simulating and optimizing the microfluidic channel size enable cells to align on the centerline of the channel and pass over the focal region of the microlens via inertial forces. As the cells flow through the microlens, the intensity of the focal spots decreases by approximately 50 %. The microfluidic cell-counting system can function independently or be integrated with other microfluidic systems as a unit, thus enhancing the single-cell operational and analytical capabilities of microfluidic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Progress in science and technology drives the continuous innovation of energy collection and utilization. In the field of sports, the information collection and analysis based on Internet of things have attracted particular attention. Moreover, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has promising applications in the field of sports. Here, we introduce the working principle of the TENG then the progress of the TENG as a wearable energy sensor is examined in the two fields of basic human activities and sports, especially competitive sports. On this basis, it is considered that the stability of devices, the universality of materials, and the scientificity of application of the TENG in the future need to be improved. We provide a direction for further upgrading energy collection technology to promote the high-quality development of human mechanical energy sensing in the field of sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable motion-monitoring systems have been widely used in recent years. However, the battery energy storage problem of traditional wearable devices limits the development of human sports training applications. In this paper, a self-powered and portable micro-structure triboelectric nanogenerator (MS-TENG) has been made. It consists of micro-structure polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film, and lithium chloride polyacrylamide (LiCl-PAAM) hydrogel. Through the micro-structure, the voltage of the MS-TENG can be improved by 7 times. The MS-TENG provides outstanding sensing properties: maximum output voltage of 74 V, angular sensitivity of 1.016 V/degree, high signal-to-noise ratio, and excellent long-term service stability. We used it to monitor the running skills of speed skaters. It can also store the biomechanical energy which is generated in the process of speed skating through capacitors. It demonstrates capability of sensor to power electronic calculator and electronic watch. In addition, as a flexible electrode hydrogel, it can readily stretch over 1300%, which can help improve the service life and work stability of MS-TENG. Therefore, MS-TENG has great application potential in human sports training monitoring and big data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Resilience is a mediator between child maltreatment and bullying victimization. • Anxiety is a mediator between child maltreatment and bullying victimization. • Combined mediating effects of family function, resilience, anxiety are significant. • Family and individual factors are critical to understanding bullying victimization. Among adolescents, child maltreatment is linked to being bullied at school. Nevertheless, little is known about the mediating mechanisms underlying this association. Therefore, our research aimed to explore and evaluate the potential mediators of the relationship between child maltreatment and bullying victimization among Chinese adolescents. From October to December 2020, a population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 6247 adolescents (3401 males, 2846 females) in Anhui Province, China. The subjects of the survey were elementary and middle school students from grades 4 to 9. The data were collected through self-report questionnaires. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used to examine the relationships among child maltreatment, bullying victimization, family function, resilience, and anxiety. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to conduct mediation analyses. The results indicated that child maltreatment positively predicted the later bullying victimization of adolescents. Resilience and anxiety were each shown to separately mediate this relationship. Moreover, the sequential mediating effects of family function, resilience, and anxiety also mediated the predictive effect of child maltreatment on bullying victimization. Resilience and anxiety were both shown to be important independent mediators for the relationship between child maltreatment and bullying victimization. Furthermore, the combined mediating effects of family function, resilience, and anxiety were also of great significance. These findings provide additional evidence that family and individual factors are critical to understanding bullying victimization. Effective prevention and intervention strategies for school bullying should target family and individual vulnerabilities in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to develop ALK/ROS1 dual inhibitors overcoming ceritinib-resistant G1202R mutant, a dedicated structure-guided modification campaign was conducted based on ALK co-crystal structures. Twenty eight diarylaminopyrimidine (DAAP) analogues possessing furan or tetrahydrofuran group were designed and synthesized, among which compound 16 bearing (dimethylamino)methyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)thio fragment was identified. Compound 16 exhibited significant cytotoxicity on ALK-positive Karpas299 and H2228 cells with IC 50 values of 20 nM and 110 nM. Meanwhile, compound 16 turned out as the most potent entity superior to ceritinib with IC 50 values of 2.8, 2.6, 3.8 and 2.3 nM against ALKWT, ALKL1196M, ALKG1202R and ROS1WT, respectively. Subsequently, western blot assay showed that compound 16 significantly suppressed ALK and its downstream protein expression in a dose-dependent manner. Alternatively, the Hoechst 33258 and AO/EB staining assays illustrated that compound 16 could induce H2228 cell apoptosis. Ultimately, the binding models of compound 16 with ALKWT, ALKG1202R as well as ROS1 clearly presented the essential interactions within the active site. Together, compound 16 was validated as a promising ALK/ROS1 dual inhibitor for ALKG1202R mutation correlated tumors. Image 1 • 28 novel 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. • Compound 16 displayed remarkable antitumor effects on ALK-positive cancer cells. • Compound 16 showed superior potency against ALKWT, ALKL1196M, ALKG1202R and ROS1. • Compound 16 down-regulated the phosphorylation of ALK and its downstream proteins. • Compound 16 induced H2228 cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stressful life events as important stressors have gradually been recognized as the potential etiology that may lead to adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA). However, researches on this topic have shown relatively inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to synthesize available data on the association between prenatal stressful life events and increased risks of PTB, LBW, and SGA.Methods: Electronic databases were searched from their inception until September 2020. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the association between prenatal stressful life events and PTB, LBW, and SGA using random effects models. In addition, subgroup analyses, cumulative meta-analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias diagnosis were conducted. STATA 14.0 was applied for statistical analyses.Results: Totally 31 cohort studies involving 5,665,998 pregnant women were included. Prenatal stressful life events were associated with a 20% higher risk of PTB (RR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.10-1.32), a 23% increased risk for LBW (RR = 1.23, 95%CI = 1.10-1.39), and a 14% higher risk of SGA (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.08-1.20). Sensitivity analysis indicated the results were stable.Conclusions: Findings indicated that pregnant women experiencing prenatal stressful life events were at increased risk of PTB, LBW, and SGA. This information provided additional supports that pregnant women experiencing prenatal stressful life events would benefit from receiving assessment and management in prenatal care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two series of novel 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives bearing sulfonyl and acrylamide moieties were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity. Compound X-17 was further examined for its ALK, ALKL1196M, ALKG1202R, ROS1 and c-Met kinase activity in vitro. • Twenty-two ceritinib analogs bearing sulfonyl or acrylamide moieties as ALK/ROS1 dual inhibitors. • X-17 showed significantly inhibitory activities on ALK& ROS1-addicted cell lines. • X-17 displayed an 8.9-fold potency (IC 50 = 8.9 nM) than ceritinib against ALKG1202R. • Molecular docking analysis was supplied to guide and explain the observed SARs. In order to explore novel ALK and ROS1 dual inhibitors capable of overcoming crizotinib-resistant mutants, two series of 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity. In this work, we retained the 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine scaffold and derivatize the DAAP scaffold with sulfonyl and acrylamide moieties to extend the structure–activity relationship (SAR) study. To our delight, some compounds exhibited excellent inhibitory activity with a double-digit nanomolar level in MTT assay. Four compounds were selected for enzymic assays further, the results led to the identification of a potent ALK and ROS1 dual inhibitor X-17 , with IC 50 values of 3.7 nM, 2.3 nM, 8.9 nM and 1.9 nM against ALK, ALKL1196M, ALKG1202R and ROS1, respectively. Ultimately, the molecular docking studies on X-17 clearly disclosed reasonable and optimal binding interactions with ALK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Designed and synthesized thirty pyrroformyl-containing 2,4-diaminopyrimidine compounds. • Pyrroformyl motif produce a new structural optimization inspiration of ALK inhibitor. • The biological evaluations on cellular and enzymatic assays led to discovery of 11k , which worked well on ALKL1196M (3.1 nM). • Molecular docking study supported that 11k was a promising ALK inhibitor for mutations. Aiming to identify new optimization strategy effective for ALK-mutations, two series of pyrroformyl-containing 2,4-diaminopyrimidine compounds (11a-o , 12a-o) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities against three cancer cell lines in vitro by MTT assay. The biological evaluations on cellular assay resulted in discovery of compound 11k , which performed considerable activity with IC 50 value of 0.034 μM against H2228 cell. Meanwhile, 11k exhibited outstanding enzymatic inhibitory potency with IC 50 values of 1.9 nM and 3.1 nM against ALKWT and ALKL1196M, respectively, surpassing the reference ceritinib (IC 50 = 2.4 nM and 7.6 nM). Ultimately, the binding mode of 11k with ALK was established to explore the SARs. Overall, 11k was considered as a promising ALK inhibitor for mutation treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible self-powered smelling electronic-skin (e-skin) for real-time monitoring the mining environment has been fabricated from piezo-gas-sensor matrix of ZnO-based composite nanowires (NWs) via soft photolithography technique. The e-skin includes four sensing units (relative humidity: bare ZnO NWs, ethanol: Pd/ZnO NWs, hydrogen sulfide: CuO/ZnO NWs, and methane: TiO 2 /ZnO NWs) and can cross-reactively detect relative humidity (RH), ethanol, hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and methane (CH 4 ) in the surrounding gas atmosphere without external electrical power supply or battery. The e-skin attached on human body can be driven by body motions, and the piezoelectric impulse of the piezo-gas-sensior matrix serves as the power supply. The responses of the four sensing units are 87.76% against 90% RH, 59.82% against 1000 ppm ethanol, 79.27% against 500 ppm H 2 S and −87.50% against 500 ppm CH 4 , respectively. High response, selectivity and stability have been achieved from the sensing units. The present results could provoke a possible new research direction for promoting the practical application of flexible self-powered smelling electronic-skin in specific occasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • KLK8 was upregulated in perihematomal tissue of rats at 24 h after ICH. • KLK8 overexpression aggravated ICH development in rats. • KLK8 overexpression promoted microglial activation/polarization. • KLK8 exerted its function via the activation of CCR5/PKA/CREB pathway. • KLK8 activated CCL14, which in turn initiated CCR5 activation. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a cerebrovascular disease. Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 (KLK8) is a serine peptidase, while its role in ICH remains unclarified. Western blot (WB) showed that KLK8 was upregulated in rat perihematomal tissues 24 h following autologous blood injection. KLK8 overexpression aggravated behavioral deficits and increased water content and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB)-positive neuron numbers in brain tissue of rats. Immunofluorescence (IF) assay showed that overexpressed-KLK8 promoted Iba-1 and iNOS expression in perihematomal tissue of rats. Overexpressed-KLK8 increased COX-2, iNOS, and Arg-1 expression and the content of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in perihematomal tissue of rats, confirmed by WB and ELISA. IF staining confirmed the expression of CCR5 was co-expressed with Iba-1, and the WB results shown increased CCR5 expression and decreased p-PKA and p-CREB expression in perihematomal tissue. Maraviroc (MVC, CCR5 inhibitor) administration rescued KLK8-induced behavioral deficits and brain injury (decreased water content and FJB-positive neuron numbers) in rats. Additionally, MVC suppressed p-PKA and p-CREB expression and the content of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in perihematomal tissue, induced by overexpressed-KLK8. Co-IP confirmed the binding of CCR5 and CCL14 in HMC3 cells. Transwell assay shown that KLK8 plus CCL4 promoted the chemotactic activity of cells, which was rescued by MVC. The biological function of KLK8/CCL14/CCR5 axis in ICH injury was also proved by MVC administration in HMC3 cells. Overall, our work revealed that KLK8 overexpression aggravated ICH process and involved in microglial activation. KLK8 might activate CCL14 thereby turning on downstream CCR5/PKA/CREB pathway, providing a theoretical basis for future therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The dissolution of lithium polysulfides is effectively alleviated. • CNTs improve the conductivity of S/FeS 2 @CNTs composites. • Low capacity decay rate of 0.024% per cycle for over 500 cycles is obtained. The lithium-sulfur batteries as a promising next-generation rechargeable battery are practically limited by their poor long-term cycling performance originating from the dissolution of lithium polysulfides. Combining physical and chemical interactions to trap lithium polysulfides is an effective way to improve the long-term cycling performance. Herein we have synthesized the hollow S/FeS 2 @Carbon nanotubes (S/FeS 2 @CNTs) microspheres by loading sulfur into FeS 2 @CNTs microspheres with carbon nanotubes entangling hollow FeS 2 microspheres. The hollow S/FeS 2 @CNTs microspheres working as cathode for lithium-sulfur batteries have delivered initial discharge capacity of 1245 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C. Particularly, the long-term cycling performance has been achieved that the capacity beyond 440.2 mA h g-1 can maintain for 500 cycles at 1 C, with a low capacity decay rate of 0.024 % per cycle. The significantly improved cycling performance of S/FeS 2 @CNTs can be attributed to the synergistic effects that the dissolution of lithium polysulfides diminishes by combining the physical interaction of CNTs with chemical absorption of FeS 2 , as well as the volume expansion of the cathode can be alleviated by the internal void space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New device: a self-powered UV photodetector. • New operation: the device generates electricity and outputs photodetecting signal. • New application: a self-powered smog monitoring system. • New mechanism: the coupling of hydrovoltaic and photoelectric effect. A self-powered UV photodetector based on the coupling of hydrovoltaic and photoelectric properties has been fabricated for application in smog monitoring system in IoT. [Display omitted] We report a novel self-powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector as sensor node in the internet of things (IoT). The working mechanism of the device relies on the coupling of hydrovoltaic and photoelectric effect of ZnO nanowire arrays. The photodetector can long-term work without any external batteries or power supply units, and the natural water (such as rain, river water and etc) can be used as the fuel to powering the system. Water flow and evaporation on the aligned ZnO nanowire arrays can generate power, and the outputting current is dependent on the UV illumination as photodetecting signal. The UV photodetector has rapid response/recovery processes, and the outputting current increases from 0.112 to 1.899 μA under UV illumination (365 nm, 20 mW cm−2). The UV photodetector as sensor nodes can be integrated with wireless transmitters, constructing self-powered smog monitoring systems in IoT. The self-powered photodetecting signal can reflect the smog degree, and the wireless transmitter can send the smog information to the mobile equipment or cloud. The present results can stimulate a new research trend on the next generation of photodetectors and promote the development of environment monitoring technique in IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine analogues bearing 1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazol motif as potent ALK inhibitors; • H-11 inhibited ALK-addicted cancer cells with the IC 50 values superior to the reference ceritinib; • H-11 possessed remarkable potency against ALKWT, ALKL1196M and ALKG1202R kinases with IC 50 values below 5.7 nM; • Molecular docking study supported that H-11 was a promising ALK inhibitor for mutations. To address drug resistance caused by ALK kinase mutations, a series of novel 2,4-diarylaminopyrimidine (DAAP) analogues were designed by incorporating 1 H -benzo[ d ]imidazol motif onto the maternal framework. All compounds were efficiently synthesized and antiproliferative activities against Karpas299, H2228 and A549 cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay. Delightly, the most promising derivative H-11 was detected with IC 50 values of 0.016 μM and 0.099 μM against ALK- positive Karpas299 and H2228 cells. Meanwhile, H-11 displayed encouraging enzymatic inhibitory potency with IC 50 values of 2.7 nM, 3.8 nM and 5.7 nM toward ALKWT, ALKL1196M and ALKG1202R, respectively. Ultimately, the binding modes of optimal H-11 with ALK wild-type and mutants were ideally established which further confirmed the structural basis in accordance with the SARs analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]