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SECTION 1: SENSORIMOTOR TOOLBOXES 1. On the agnosticism of spikes: salience, saccades, and attention in the lateral intraparietal area of the monkey 2. Modulations of prefrontal activity related to cognitive control and performance monitoring 3. Perceptual deficits in optic ataxia 4. Reversal of subjective temporal order due to sensory and motor integrations SECTION 2: ABSTRACTION FROM SENSORIMOTOR FOUNDATIONS 5. How motor-related is cognitive control? 6. The anterior cingulate cortex: reward-guided action selection and the value of actions 7. How anticipation recruits our motor system: the habitual pragmatic body map revisited 8. Motor awareness and motor intention in anosognosia for hemiplegia 9. Investigating multisensory spatial cognition through the phenomenon of sensory extinction 10. Bottom-up visuo-manual adaptation: consequences for spatial cognition SECTION 3: SELF AND OTHER 11. From my self to other selves: a revised framework for the self/other differentiation 12. Neural basis of social interactions in primates 13. Bodily bonds: effects of social context on ideomotor movements 14. Neuroimaging the self? 15. An attempt towards an integrative comparison of psychoanalytical and sensorimotor control theories of action 16. Predictive attenuation in the perception of touch 17. The self and its body: functional and neural signatures of body-ownership 18. The motor hierarchy: from kinematics to goals and intentions 19. From hand actions to speech: evidence and speculations 20. Action mirroring and action understanding: an alternative account 21. Mirroring, association and the correspondence problem SECTION 4: CONCEPTUAL AND SYMBOLIC THOUGHT 22. The cognitive architecture of the human lateral prefrontal cortex 23. Automatic and strategic effects in human imitation 24. Symbols and quantities in parietal cortex: elements of a mathematical theory 25. Using conceptual knowledge in action and language 26. On the origins of intentions 27. "What was I thinking?" Developmental and neural connections between theory of mind, memory and the self

The Theory of Event Coding (TEC) provides a preliminary account of the interaction between perception and action, which is consistent with several recent findings in the area of motor control. Significant issues require integration and elaboration, however; particularly, distractor interference, automatic motor corrections, internal models of action, and neuroanatomical bases for the link between perception and action.

Is there any ecological purpose in assuming that perception for action exists only through a global array of energy? Unlike Stoffregen & Bardy, who assume that behavior consists of movements, we would argue that behavior consists of a stable coupling between perception and action achieved through experience in an adaptive context. Determining target position in an aiming manual task and temporal control of impact movement illustrate that patterns of energy used for action are task-dependent.

a INSERM, U864, Espace et Action, 16 avenue Lepine, Bron F-69676, France b Universite Lyon 1, Biologie Humaine, Lyon F-69003, France c IFR19, Institut Federatif des Neurosciences de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France d IFRH, Institut Federatif et de Recherche: Reseau Handicap, France e School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Centre for Vision Research, York University, Toronto, Canada f Hospices Civils de Lyon, Mouvement et Handicap, Hopital Henry Gabrielle, F-69230 St-Genis-Laval, France g Mouvement et Handicap, Hopital Neurologique, Lyon F-69003, France

Une lesion du systeme nerveux central peut etre a l'origine d'une variete de troubles de representation du corps : des deficits bilateraux, comme l'autotopoagnosie ou l'agnosie digitale apres une lesion cerebrale gauche ; des deficits unilateraux affectant l'hemicorps gauche, comme l'hemiasomatognosie, l'anosognosie du deficit moteur ou sensitif ou le delire somatoparaphrenique apres une lesion cerebrale droite et des deficits d'integration sensorielle de haut niveau, comme les phenomenes de membre fantome et les hallucinations somatognosiques apres desafferentation sensorielle d'origine centrale ou peripherique. Ces differentes manifestations font reference a des perturbations de l'image du corps. La suppression temporaire ou l'alteration des informations sensorielles peut entrainer une modification de la perception de l'image du corps, suggerant que cette representation, en particulier la taille et la forme du corps est dynamique et pourrait etre modulee par une manipulation sensorielle. L'objectif de ce travail est une revue de la litterature des differents effets entraines par des stimulations sensorielles sur les troubles de la representation du corps. A partir de 31 publications indexees, quatre manipulations sensorielles differentes ont ete identifiees : stimulation calorique vestibulaire, stimulation optocinetique, stimulation electrique transcutanee et adaptation visuomotrice prismatique. Parmi ces stimulations, les effets de la stimulation calorique vestibulaire sont predominants sur les troubles de representation du corps. Ces differents effets suggerent que les afferences vestibulaires pourraient faciliter la restauration de l'integrite des representations spatiales corporelles chez des patients atteints de desafferentation somatosensorielle d'origine centrale ou peripherique. Ces effets positifs peuvent s'expliquer par l'activation par la stimulation vestibulaire d'un large reseau cerebral, implique dans la representation spatiale de la taille des differentes parties du corps, incluant de facon predominante la jonction temporoparietale de l'hemisphere cerebral droit.

BackgroundWhile the sense of bodily ownership has now been widely investigated through the rubber hand illusion (RHI), very little is known about the sense of disownership. It has been hypothesized that the RHI also affects the ownership feelings towards the participant's own hand, as if the rubber hand replaced the participant's actual hand. Somatosensory changes observed in the participants' hand while experiencing the RHI have been taken as evidence for disownership of their real hand. Here we propose a theoretical framework to disambiguate whether such somatosensory changes are to be ascribed to the disownership of the real hand or rather to the anomalous visuo-proprioceptive conflict experienced by the participant during the RHI.Methodology/principal findingsIn experiment 1, reaction times (RTs) to tactile stimuli delivered to the participants' hand slowed down following the establishment of the RHI. In experiment 2, the misalignment of visual and proprioceptive inputs was obtained via prismatic displacement, a situation in which ownership of the seen hand was doubtless. This condition slowed down the participants' tactile RTs. Thus, similar effects on touch perception emerged following RHI and prismatic displacement. Both manipulations also induced a proprioceptive drift, toward the fake hand in the first experiment and toward the visual position of the participants' hand in the second experiment.Conclusions/significanceThese findings reveal that somatosensory alterations in the experimental hand resulting from the RHI result from cross-modal mismatch between the seen and felt position of the hand. As such, they are not necessarily a signature of disownership.

Le syndrome de negligence spatiale unilaterale est un trouble de l’utilisation et de la conscience de l’espace frequemment observe apres lesion cerebrale hemispherique droite, notamment parietale. Sa presentation clinique est extremement polymorphe, pouvant comporter de facon variable des symptomes en lien avec un trouble de la perception, de l’attention et/ou de l’action situee dans la partie de l’espace controlaterale a la lesion. A cette multiplicite symptomatique s’associent des elements physiopathologiques complexes, avec l’intrication probable, variable au cas par cas, de mecanismes spatialement lateralises (attentionnels, representationnels) et non lateralises (attentionnels, mnesiques, de remapping). Ce trouble singulier de la cognition spatiale constitue un facteur predictif de mauvais pronostic fonctionnel, d’ou la pertinence d’une evaluation appropriee et l’importance de l’enjeu therapeutique dans la prise en charge reeducative. La recherche d’une amelioration fonctionnelle durable au-dela de la recuperation spontanee a ete richement developpee depuis de nombreuses annees. Reposant initialement sur l’intention et la notion d’effort conscient (approche top-down), les perspectives les plus encourageantes en termes de generalisation et de transfert se sont fondees sur des mecanismes d’action plus automatiques (bottom-up) mis en jeu par l’intermediaire de stimulations sensorielles, vestibulaires ou au moyen d’effets consecutifs induits par l’adaptation au port de prismes. Parallelement, des approches complementaires se developpent, notamment en termes psychopharmacologiques, ciblant de facon plus privilegiee les deficits attentionnels non lateralises potentiellement associes. Enfin, plus recemment, l’utilisation de techniques de stimulations cerebrales, fondee sur l’hypothese d’un desequilibre de la balance interhemispherique, a permis d’ouvrir des perspectives therapeutiques prometteuses.

Dienes & Perner's (D&P's) target articles proposes an analysis of explicit knowledge based on a progressive transformation of implicit into explicit products, applying this gradient to different aspects of knowledge that can be represented. The goal is to integrate a philosophical concept of knowledge with relevant psychophysical and neuropsychological data. D&P seem to fill an impressive portion of the gap between these two areas. We focus on two examples where a full synthesis of theoretical and empirical data seems difficult to establish and would require further refinement of the model: action representation and the closely related consciousness of action, which is in turn related to self-consciousness.

A further step in Pylyshyn's discontinuity thesis is to examine the penetrability of haptic (tactual-kinesthetic) perception. The study of the perception of orientation and the “oblique effect” (lower performance in oblique orientations than in vertical–horizontal orientations) in the visual and haptic modalities allows this question to be discussed. We suggest that part of the visual process generating the visual oblique effect is cognitively impenetrable, whereas all haptic processes generating the haptic oblique effect are cognitively penetrable.

Finger blood flow (BF) and skin sympathetic nerve activity (SSA) to the glabrous side of the hand were measured during immersion of the hand in a water bath in which temperature (Tw) was raised every 10 min by steps of 2 degrees C from 35 or 37 to 41 degrees C. The experiments were conducted during the summer in rooms in which ambient temperature was 28-32 degrees C or 35 degrees C. The nine healthy male subjects were wearing summer clothes. Finger BF through vessels located deep in the skin was measured by using laser-Doppler flowmetry (ALF-2100, Advance). With the use of a tungsten microelectrode SSA was recorded directly from the median nerve at the wrist or antecubital fossa of the tested arm. With finger vessels already dilated at Tw of 35 or 37 degrees C, finger BF decreased, with a concomitant increase in the SSA bursts as Tw rose to 39-41 degrees C. We confirmed in one subject that anesthetic blockade of the median nerve at the site proximal, but not distal, to the recording site blocked responses to the step rise in Tw in the SSA bursts and in finger BF. From these results we conclude that, with the subject in a warm state, blood vessels of the finger respond to local heating with vasoconstriction, and this finger vasoconstriction is evoked reflexively, largely through the increased sympathetic outflow to the resistance vessels of the finger.

considered as a part of consciousness and would then be one entity that physics and other sciences might represent in different ways. Finally, the original philosophical description of the mind-brain problem was intended to distinguish it from the usual scientific approach. The scientific question is 'What causes consciousness?', whereas the philosophical question is 'What is the fact of consciousness?'. The contribution of psychologists to the debate can be divided into three main concepts. Some speakers emphasized the unity of consciousness, others concentrated on dissociations between brain and consciousness, and still others on dissociations between conscious and unconscious processes.

Rbuffafs: Cette methode rectifie, pendant au moins 2 heures, les biais enregistres a divers tests de negligence des niveaux sensorimoteurs (posture, pointage droit-devant, hypokintsie directionnelle) aux niveaux cognitifs (barrage et bissection de lignes, lecture, copie de dessin, dessin dune marguerite de mtmoire et m&me test d’imagerie mentale de la carte de France). Nouveawr objecrifs: Une deuxieme experience a Bte realisee pour tester l’hypothbse rtferentielle de la negligence puis Cvaluer ?I plus long terme l’effet de l’adaptation prismatique. M&ho&s : I1 s’agit d’une etude longitudinale dans laquelle nous avons suivi sur 1 semaine la covariation des performances de deux patientes au pointage manuel droit-devant et au test de bissection de lignes de Schenkenberg, sous l’effet de l’adaptation prismatique. Resultats: Les resultats de ces deux patientes montrent une double dissociation entre l’evolution du droit-devant et des performances au test de Schenkenberg done l’absence de lien causal entre la reference Cgocentrique et les performances aux tests neuropsychologiques classiques permettant d’evaluer a un niveau plus cognitif le biais perceptivomoteur associe a la negligence. Ces resultats montrent egalement une dun% d’action de 4 jours des prismes. Discussion: L’exp&ience no 1 demontre un lien entre les differents niveaux symptomatiques de la negligence, c’est-a-dire entre les fonctions parietales dint&ration plurisensorielle et de transformations de coordonntes egocentrees et les niveaux cognitifs de perception et de representation de l’espace en accord avec l’hypothtse dun decalage de la reference egocentrique comme base du syndrome de negligence. Cependant, l’experience no 2 nous incite a proposer un m&nisme d’action de l’adaptation prismatique independant de la reference egocentrique. Conclusion: Nous souhaitons ddvelopper ici l’hypothese que, chez un patient cerebrolese, l’induction d’une reorganisation plastique ainsi que la production de signaux de discordances intersensorielle et sensorimotrice pourraient stimuler la plasticite a long terme des fonctions par&ales deficientes de ces patients, qui ont souvent la sensation d’un espace et dun comportement tout a fait coherents. Sam nier le lien des fonctions parietales d’integration plurisensorielle et de transformations de coordonnees avec la perception de l’espace extrapersonnel et la planification des actions dirigt%s vers un but, un autre m&anisme d’action doit &tre propose pour rendre compte de l’effet de l’adaptation prismatique. Nous devons supposer que les fonctions par&ales dint&ration plurisensorielle et de transformations de coordonnees conditionnent la perception de l’espace extrapersonnel et la planification des actions dirigtes vers un but, sans faire intervenir la reference Cgocentrique comme unique et centrale pour tous les niveaux atteints dans la negligence.

The problem whether movement accuracy is better in the full open-loop condition (FOL, hand never visible) than in the static closed-loop condition (SCL, hand only visible prior to movement onset) remains widely debated. To investigate this controversial question, we studied conditions for which visual information available to the subject prior to movement onset was strictly controlled. The results of our investigation showed that the accuracy improvement observed when human subjects were allowed to see their hand, in the peripheral visual field, prior to movement: (1) concerned only the variable errors; (2) did not depend on the simultaneous vision of the hand and target (hand and target viewed simultaneously vs sequentially); (3) remained significant when pointing to proprioceptive targets; and (4) was not suppressed when the visual information was temporally (visual presentation for less than 300 ms) or spatially (vision of only the index fingertip) restricted. In addition, dissociating vision and proprioception with wedge prisms showed that a weighed hand position was used to program hand trajectory. When considered together, these results suggest that: (i) knowledge of the initial upper limb configuration or position is necessary to plan accurately goal-directed movements; (ii) static proprioceptive receptors are partially ineffective in providing an accurate estimate of the limb posture, and/or hand location relative to the body, and (iii) visual and proprioceptive information is not used in an exclusive way, but combined to furnish an accurate representation of the state of the effector prior to movement.

There is a convergence of anatomical, electrophysiological, neuropsychological, and psychophysical data to support the dissociation of visual pathways into two main streams projecting from occipital to frontal cortex via the posterior parietal lobe (dorsal route) and via the inferotemporal lobe (ventral route). It is usually assumed that the dorsal route provides information that is useful for driving an action toward the stimulus (ie metric properties, such as localisation), whereas the ventral route extracts information useful for identifying it (ie intrinsic properties, such as colour). It is known that pointing movements can be reoriented to a novel target location within a short delay (about 110 ms), even when the target jump cannot be detected because of saccadic suppression. Electrophysiological studies have suggested that inputs to the dorsal pathway have a latency shorter than inputs to the ventral pathway. We compared latencies of visuomotor processing for colour and location during a pointing task. Target location and/or colour were altered upon movement onset. Instructions were to correct movement direction or to interrupt the movement according to the target change. We found that in both cases colour processing was slower (by about 100 ms) than location processing of the same target. Performance observed for identical movement speed was always higher for location responses whereas movement duration spontaneously chosen by subjects was longer when they had to process colour. Strikingly, corrections were also observed with the interruption instruction. We conclude that (1) colour is processed more slowly than location, and (2) automatic corrections can be observed prior to response inhibition for fast movements.

The thermal preference of the freshwater snail Lymnaea auriculria (Gastropoda: Pulmonata), measured 49 times over 3 years, oscillated around a mean of 19·3°C, with an amplitude of 13·4°C. This oscillation was significantly phase-linked to both the natural photoperiod and natural ambient temperature. Lymnaea hatched and maintained in constant conditions of temperature (21°C) and photoperiod (12 h) over 2 years showed a constant thermal preference of 19·8±1·4°C. The preference was maintained between 19·5 and 20·4°C when the snails were kept at 5, 15, 20 and 27°C and in photoperiods of 8 and 16 h. In a changing artificial photoperiod which followed an annual cycle, the preference fluctuated about a mean of 19·3°C with an amplitude of 3·9°C. When the photoperiod was constant but the temperature oscillated the preference remained constant. Thus the circannual cycle seems to be an exogenous oscillation entrained by the photoperiod.

The thermopreferendum (preferred temperature) of the Japanese freshwater snail (Semisulcospira libertina) was determined in an aquatic temperature gradient after injection of prostaglandin E1, prostaglandin E2, and LPS. Injected doses of each pyrogen ranged from a toxic dose to less than 1/20th of the toxic dose. Toxic effect of the highest doses of pyrogen disappeared within 120 min. No fever occurred during the 150 min observation following the pyrogen injection. The present results support the hypothesis that fever was selected as a way of defending against infection only after the period of the emergence of the molluscus, i.e., the early Cambrian period.

1. Groups of aquatic snails (Limnaea auricularia) were placed in a temperature gradient and their thermopreferendum measured. 2. Injected with various amounts of killed Escherichia coli, bacterial endotoxin, human interleukin, and prostaglandin E1, E2 and F2 alpha, they did not develop a fever. 3. High doses of prostaglandins were toxic. 4. These results suggest that fever appeared in the course of evolution after the emergence of molluscs and before that of arthropods.

Neglect and related phenomena, as anosognosia for hemiplegia and somatoparaphrenia, are often associated to right-hemisphere lesions. These deficits can be alleviated by caloric vestibular stimulation, but little is known about the efficacy of this physiological intervention on neglect following left-hemisphere lesions. Here we report the case of an ambidextrous left brain-damaged patient with severe right personal and extrapersonal neglect, anosognosia for right hemiplegia and somatoparaphrenia. These symptoms co-occurred with more typical manifestations of left-brain damage, such as aphasia and apraxia. Neurological examination revealed right hemiplegia, hemianesthesia and hemianopia. Visuo-spatial tests for personal and extrapersonal neglect, as well as an anosognosia questionnaire, were submitted before and after caloric vestibular stimulation. Results showed a dramatic improvement of anosognosia for hemiplegia and neglect; no change was observed for the remaining deficits. The results confirm the notion of the selectivity of vestibular stimulation for neglect and related disorders and extend this notion by showing that similar effects can be obtained after lesion of the left hemisphere, suggesting that similar mechanisms are responsible for left- and right-sided neglect. Such a peculiar association of language and visuo-spatial disorders jointly present after a left-sided lesion opens the question of the link between handedness and lateralization of cognitive functions.

Five subjects who had been blind from an early age and five age-matched blindfolded sighted subjects were engaged in a spatial memory task. Locations to be memorized were presented on a sagittal plane by passive positioning of the left index finger. A go signal for matching the target location with the right index finger was provided 0 or 8 s after left hand positioning. Constant errors in amplitude and direction of movement and pointing distribution observed after the longer delay differed across groups. Pointing variability was higher in the blindfolded sighted group. In addition, the main axis of pointing distributions obtained in the blindfolded sighted group were aligned with the target array for the 8 s but not the 0 s delay. By contrast, the main axis tended to be aligned with movement direction for blind subjects for both delays. These results suggest that memorizing a proprioceptively defined target may involve distinct spatial representations according to delay and to early visual experience.

CO06-003-e Exceptional late recovery of prehension after ischaemic stroke: A kinematic and neuroanatomic study (fMRI and DTI) C. Ciceron a,∗, P. Riffo b, S. Bellaiche a, J. Redoute c, D. Sappey-Marinier c, S. Hannoun c, F. Cotton d, P. Revol e, Y. Rossetti e, J. Luaute a, G. Rode a a Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292, ImpAct, Services de medecine physique et readaptation, hopital Henry-Gabrielle, Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon, universite Lyon-1, Hospice Civils de Lyon, Saint-Genis-Laval, France b Hospital Clinico Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Chili c CERMEP, imagerie du vivant, Bron, France d CREATIS, INSA–502, service de radiologie, universite Lyon-1, centre hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France e Inserm UMR-S 1028, CNRS UMR 5292; ImpAct, hopital Henry-Gabrielle, Centre des Neurosciences de Lyon, universite Lyon-1 & Plate-forme “Mouvement et Handicap”, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France ∗Corresponding author.

The plasticity that characterizes our nervous system enables us to realize smooth and precise movement despite varying demands. The understanding and distinction of processes enabling to modify existing movements when facing a perturbation (adaptation) or to learn new ones (learning) represents a crucial challenge. Sensorimotor adaptation is reflected not only by the gradual error reduction during the perturbation but mostly by the presence of after-effects once the perturbation is removed. The nature of after-effects provides information concerning the modifications entailed in the sensorimotor system and thus the type of processes involved. The aim of this thesis was to shed light on the comprehension of sensorimotor plasticity processes. More precisely, we hypothesized that the transfer of after-effects to a task that has not been performed under the perturbation might uncover the contribution of distinct processes during sensorimotor adaptation. Therefore, the objective was to isolate the characteristics of processes favouring transfer. In addition, we aimed at investigating the role of the cerebellum in these processes. To complete these objectives, we used a behavioural approach through a prism adaptation paradigm, using googles laterally shifting the visual field. Our first study showed a transfer of after-effects acquired during pointing prism exposure to a throwing task. However, the transfer from throwing to pointing was possible only for experts in throwing. Thus, the expertise on the task performed during prism exposure strongly influenced the nature of processes at work to face the perturbation. In the second study, we demonstrated that prism adaptation by motor imagery of pointing movements under exposure leaded to substantial transfer to throwing movements. This was the case only for participants with high motor imagery abilities. Finally, using tDCS, the two last studies emphasized the possible role of the cerebellum in after-effects transfer. Altogether, these results underline the interest to study inter-task transfer of after-effects to unravel the contribution of distinct processes during sensorimotor adaptation, beyond the classical measure of after-effects. We propose that the development of transferable after-effects relies on sustained adjustments of sensorimotor system internal models. These modifications may be guided by sensory prediction errors and controlled by cerebellar regions. In a translational view, these fundamental findings paves the way for clinical perspectives of research to optimize the transfer of compensations from rehabilitation context to other daily life situations with patients with motor disorders., La plasticité qui caractérise notre système nerveux nous permet de réaliser des mouvements fluides et précis malgré des conditions changeantes. La compréhension et la distinction des processus permettant de modifier un mouvement pour faire face à une perturbation (adaptation) et d’en apprendre de nouveaux (apprentissage) représentent un challenge majeur. L’adaptation sensorimotrice se reflète non seulement par la réduction graduelle d’erreurs induites par la perturbation mais surtout par la présence d’effets consécutifs une fois la perturbation supprimée. Les caractéristiques de ces effets consécutifs renseignent sur la nature des modifications opérées au sein du système nerveux central et ainsi sur le type de processus mis en jeu pour faire face à la perturbation. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’apporter des éléments théoriques à la compréhension et à la distinction des processus de plasticité sensori-motrice. Plus spécifiquement, nous faisions l’hypothèse que l’étude du transfert des effets consécutifs vers une tâche motrice n’ayant pas été pratiquée pendant la perturbation pouvait révéler la contribution de processus distincts durant l’adaptation sensorimotrice. Il s’agissait également d’investiguer les conditions favorisant le transfert des effets consécutifs. De plus, il était question d’étudier le rôle du cervelet dans les mécanismes du transfert. Au sein de nos différentes études, nous avons employé une approche comportementale à travers le paradigme de l’adaptation prismatique, en utilisant des lunettes qui dévient le champ visuel. Les résultats de notre première étude ont montré que les effets consécutifs développés lors de l’adaptation prismatique impliquant une tâche de pointage étaient transférables vers une tâche de lancer. Néanmoins, le transfert du lancer vers le pointage n’était possible que pour les experts en lancer. Ainsi, l’expertise sur la tâche pratiquée durant l’exposition prismatique conditionnait la nature des processus sollicités pour faire face à la perturbation. Dans une seconde étude, nous avons montré que l’adaptation prismatique par imagerie motrice permettait le transfert des effets consécutifs depuis le pointage vers le lancer, mais seulement pour les individus présentant de bonnes capacités d’imagerie motrice. Grâce à l’utilisation de la stimulation cérébrale transcrânienne à courant direct, les deux dernières études ont permis de souligner le possible rôle du cervelet dans le transfert des effets consécutifs. Au regard de ces apports, cette thèse souligne l’intérêt du transfert inter-tâche pour mettre en évidence la contribution de différents processus durant l’adaptation sensorimotrice, au-delà de la mesure classique des effets consécutifs. Le développement d’effets consécutifs transférables reposerait sur l’ajustement durable des modèles internes du système sensorimoteur. Ces modifications seraient guidées par les erreurs de prédictions sensorielles et impliqueraient des structures cérébelleuses. Dans une visée translationnelle, ces résultats fondamentaux permettent d’envisager des pistes d’applications dans le domaine de la recherche clinique, afin d'améliorer le transfert des compensations motrices acquises en rééducation vers d’autres contextes de la vie quotidienne chez des patients souffrant de désordres moteurs.